Bulk block rate control charging structure for deep hole blasting caving
By employing a staggered charging structure between adjacent deep holes in deep-hole blasting, uniform distribution of blasting energy was achieved, solving the problem of high block ratio, reducing mining costs, and improving safety.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA MINMETALS CHANGSHA MINING RES INST
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-17
AI Technical Summary
In deep-hole blasting mining, the proportion of large and unevenly sized ore blocks is relatively high, which leads to increased workload, higher costs, and greater safety risks in secondary blasting within the mining area. Existing charging methods also suffer from problems such as unscientific consumption of explosives and significant impact from blasting vibrations.
The structure employs an alternating deep-hole charge structure, which involves staggering charge layers and air gap layers within the boreholes, with the charge layers in adjacent boreholes arranged in a staggered manner, and using detonating cord and digital detonators as initiation devices to control the uniform distribution of blasting energy.
It significantly reduces the rate of large ore blocks, lowers mining costs and improves safety. The blasting effect is uniform, the energy of the single-hole explosive is evenly distributed, and the occurrence of large ore blocks is reduced.
Smart Images
Figure CN224136490U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of engineering blasting technology, specifically to a large-block ratio control charge structure for deep-hole blasting mining. Background Technology
[0002] Deep-hole blasting mining, as a safe and efficient mining method, is widely used in the mining of medium-thick to thick large ore bodies, bringing significant economic benefits. This technology can use 500-1000 kg of explosives in a single blast, resulting in over 2000 tons of ore being knocked down. However, in practical applications, deep-hole blasting mining has a significant drawback: due to engineering geological conditions such as rock joints and fissures, as well as the uneven distribution of explosive charge during sudden bursts, the proportion of large ore chunks is high, and the size distribution is uneven. This affects subsequent ore extraction, leading to increased workload, higher costs, and greater safety risks associated with secondary blasting in the stope.
[0003] Currently, full-hole or partial-section charging blasting techniques are commonly used in China. However, this charging method suffers from problems such as unscientific charge consumption and significant blasting vibration, further exacerbating the large-block rate. Statistical surveys and analyses of mine blasting effects have revealed that the large-block rate is generally as high as 8-10%. The processing of large ore blocks is difficult, costly, and poses significant safety hazards, severely hindering safe and efficient mine production.
[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to design a large-block-ratio control charge structure for deep-hole blasting and mining to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content
[0005] In view of the technical problems existing in the background art, this application provides a charge structure for controlling the large block ratio in deep hole blasting. This device controls the blasting by staggering the charge between adjacent deep holes, so as to achieve uniform energy dissipation and control and minimize the large block ratio.
[0006] This application provides a large block ratio control charge structure for deep-hole blasting and mining, including several spaced-apart blast holes. Multiple charge layers and air gap layers are staggered from bottom to top in each blast hole, and the charge layers of adjacent blast holes are staggered.
[0007] As a further improvement of this application, the height difference between the lowest charge layers of adjacent boreholes is 0.5~1.0m.
[0008] As a further improvement to this application, the length of the air gap layer is 1.0~1.5m.
[0009] As a further improvement to this application, the air spacer layer is a hollow bamboo tube.
[0010] As a further improvement to this application, the length of the charge layer is 0.9~1.0m.
[0011] As a further improvement to this application, the spacing between adjacent blast holes is 2.5~3.0m.
[0012] As a further improvement of this application, it also includes an initiation device, which includes a detonating cord disposed in the borehole, a digital detonator connected to the detonating cord and disposed at the borehole opening, and an initiator for detonating the digital detonator.
[0013] As a further improvement to this application, the detonating cords of at least two adjacent boreholes are connected to the same digital detonator.
[0014] As a further improvement of this application, a sand layer is provided above the highest charge surface of the charge layer.
[0015] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows:
[0016] This application provides a charge structure for controlling the bulk ratio in deep-hole blasting, comprising several spaced-apart boreholes. Multiple charge layers and air gap layers are staggered from bottom to top within each borehole, with the charge layers in adjacent boreholes being offset. By strictly controlling the charge position and height of adjacent deep holes, and employing spaced-apart charges within the boreholes with relatively offset charges at the same level in adjacent boreholes, this application effectively disperses blasting energy to all ore bodies to be affected. Ore bodies that cannot be affected by single-hole explosives are affected by the offset explosives from adjacent boreholes, thereby achieving uniform energy dissipation during blasting and controlling and minimizing the bulk ratio.
[0017] This application achieves better blasting results compared to previous blasting methods by controlling the blasting through staggered charging of explosives between adjacent deep holes. The promotion of this technology has reduced the proportion of large blocks in each stope to 3-5%, a reduction of more than half, and the cost of handling large blocks has been reduced by more than half, significantly lowering mining costs while also improving operational safety.
[0018] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description
[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of this application, the accompanying drawings used in this application will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the charge structure for controlling the bulk ratio of deep-hole blasting and mining operations provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Explosive charge layer; 11. Lowest explosive charge surface; 12. Highest explosive charge surface; 2. Air gap layer; 3. Sand layer. Detailed Implementation
[0022] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.
[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.
[0024] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
[0025] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).
[0026] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.
[0027] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0028] In deep-hole mining, the ore that collapses due to blasting is affected by engineering geological conditions such as rock joints and fissures, as well as by the uneven distribution of explosive charge. This results in a high proportion of large ore blocks with uneven block size, which affects subsequent ore extraction. Consequently, the workload of secondary blasting in the mining area increases, costs rise, and safety risks escalate.
[0029] To address the technical problem of high proportion and uneven distribution of large ore blocks in blasting, this application provides a charge structure for controlling the proportion of large ore blocks in deep-hole blasting. By staggering the charge in adjacent deep holes, the charge position and height of adjacent deep holes are controlled, thereby achieving the technical effect of uniform energy dissipation and reducing the proportion of large ore blocks.
[0030] Please refer to Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the charge structure for controlling the proportion of large ore chunks in deep-hole blasting, provided in an embodiment of this application. It includes several spaced-apart boreholes, each containing multiple charge layers 1 and air gap layers 2 arranged alternately from bottom to top. The charge layers 1 in adjacent boreholes are staggered. By arranging multiple charge layers 1 and air gap layers 2 alternately within the boreholes, a uniform distribution of explosive energy is achieved. The staggered arrangement of charge layers 1 in adjacent boreholes avoids stress concentration and effectively reduces the proportion of large ore chunks generated after blasting.
[0031] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the height difference between the lowest charge layer 1 of adjacent boreholes is 0.5~1.0m. This setting helps to distribute the blasting energy more evenly and avoids local energy concentration caused by the complete alignment of the charge layers 1, thereby more effectively reducing the proportion of large fragments. The existence of the height difference makes the interference and superposition effects of the blasting stress waves more complex when they propagate in the rock mass, which helps to fully fragment the rock.
[0032] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the air spacer layer 2 has a length of 1.0~1.5m and is a cylindrical structure used to separate explosives at different levels. Specifically, the air spacer layer 2 is a hollow bamboo tube. The air spacer layer 2 acts as an energy buffer during the explosive detonation process. The air layer can slow down the transmission speed of the explosion pressure, making the pressure wave propagation in the rock mass more uniform, thereby reducing stress concentration, helping to regulate the explosion energy, avoiding excessive fragmentation or flyrock problems caused by excessive local energy, and also preventing insufficient fragmentation caused by insufficient energy. As the air spacer layer 2, the hollow bamboo tube can further optimize the energy distribution, making the explosion pressure propagate in the rock mass to form more complex stress waves, thereby improving the fragmentation efficiency. Other equivalent rigid spacer materials can also be used as the air spacer layer 2.
[0033] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the length of the charge layer 1 is 0.9~1.0m. This setting provides sufficient blasting energy while avoiding excessive energy concentration, which is conducive to the uniform distribution of explosive energy and thus improves the rock breaking effect.
[0034] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the spacing between adjacent boreholes is 2.5~3.0m. A reasonable borehole spacing ensures that the explosive energy is evenly distributed within the rock mass, avoiding excessive or insufficient fragmentation. Too large a spacing will result in insufficient fragmentation of the rock in the middle section; too small a spacing will lead to energy waste and excessive fragmentation.
[0035] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a detonation device is also included for simultaneously detonating the staggered charge layer 1 in adjacent boreholes. The detonation device includes a detonating cord disposed within the borehole, a digital detonator connected to the detonating cord and disposed at the borehole opening, and a detonator for detonating the digital detonator. The detonating cords of at least two adjacent boreholes are connected to the same digital detonator. This arrangement allows for the simultaneous detonation of multiple boreholes, ensuring the synchronization of the blasting process and facilitating the control of blasting vibration, flyrock, and fragmentation effects.
[0036] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a sand layer 3 is provided above the highest charge surface 12 of the charge layer 1. This arrangement can effectively suppress flyrock generated during blasting, while reducing the impact of blasting vibrations on the surrounding rock mass and environment, thereby improving the safety of blasting operations.
[0037] According to one or more embodiments of this application, this application designs a controlled blasting structure with staggered charge spacing between adjacent blast holes, conducts on-site industrial blasting tests, and promotes the application of this charge structure to multiple mining areas, achieving better blasting results compared to before the application.
[0038] The implementation method and principle of this application will be explained below.
[0039] The key theoretical technology for achieving borehole blasting is the calculation of sympathetic detonation distance. The sympathetic detonation distance of an explosive refers to the maximum distance between two spacers of the same type of explosive that can detonate it. Common spacers include air and water. The sympathetic detonation distance is related to the size of the explosive, the direction of detonation, the placement of the explosive, the spacer medium, and the critical space for the test detonation. The sympathetic detonation distance is determined through field tests. The front end of the charged explosive cartridge should correspond to the shaped charge end of the main explosive cartridge, and there should be no obstructions between the two cartridges. After measuring the cartridge spacing, detonation is performed. If sympathetic detonation is confirmed, the spacing can be increased for further testing. The maximum distance at which three consecutive sympathetic detonations occur is the sympathetic detonation distance of the explosive. In some specific embodiments of this application, the tested sympathetic detonation distance is 5.8 cm, which translates to a spacing of 1.2~1.5 m between explosive charges in the borehole. In the staggered-charge blasting method, the corresponding explosive charges are staggered between the two holes. When the two adjacent holes are detonated simultaneously, the two staggered charge layers 1 on the left and right sides detonate at the same time, achieving a complementary blasting effect on the ore body corresponding to the air gap layer 2. This ensures a uniform distribution of blasting energy and its uniform action on the ore body to be blasted, achieving a comprehensive and uniform blasting and rock-breaking effect. It also instantly and secondary fragments any large blocks that may appear. By adopting this technology, large block control is achieved, significantly reducing the overall large block rate.
[0040] The specific implementation method is as follows: First, a comprehensive measurement of the constructed downward deep holes is carried out to obtain all deep hole measurement data, especially for two adjacent blast holes. The lowest charging surface 11 and the highest charging surface 12 of the two adjacent blast holes are designed and determined, and the charging height of the lowest layer of the two adjacent blast holes is determined. The charging height of one hole is selected to be 0.5m greater than that of the other hole. After the first layer of explosives is loaded, an empty bamboo tube (about 1.2m in length) made on site is used as the air gap layer 2 in the hole. Then, the explosives are loaded to the highest charging surface 12 in the same way. It is always strictly ensured that the explosives of the same layer of the two adjacent holes are relatively misaligned, so as to ensure that at least two blast holes are detonated at the same time. If multiple blast holes can be loaded in this way and detonated at the same time, the effect of controlling the blasting block rate of the entire mining area will be better.
[0041] In traditional deep-hole blasting operations, the proportion of large blocks in each stope is generally maintained at 8-10%, and the cost of handling large blocks of ore is approximately 8,000-10,000 yuan per stope. Through the promotion of this application, the proportion of large blocks in each stope is reduced to 3-5%, and the cost of handling large blocks of ore is reduced to approximately 3,000-4,000 yuan per stope. The proportion of large blocks is reduced by more than half, and the cost of handling large blocks of ore is also reduced by more than half, significantly reducing mining costs and improving operational safety. After adopting the charge structure for controlling the proportion of large blocks in deep-hole blasting operations provided in this application, the blasted fragments are more uniform, reducing the occurrence of large blocks of ore, indicating a significant improvement in blasting effectiveness.
[0042] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments with the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of this application are included in the technical scope of this application. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of this application, are also included in the scope of this application.
Claims
1. A large block rate control charge structure for deep hole blasting, characterized by, It includes several blast holes spaced apart, and multiple charge layers and air gap layers are arranged alternately from bottom to top in each blast hole, with the charge layers of adjacent blast holes being staggered.
2. The large-block ratio control charge structure for deep-hole blasting and ore mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height difference between the lowest charge layers of adjacent boreholes is 0.5 to 1.0 m.
3. The large block rate control charging structure for deep hole blasting according to claim 1, wherein, The length of the air gap is 1.0 to 1.5 m.
4. The large block rate control charging structure for deep hole blasting according to claim 3, wherein, The air gap is a hollow bamboo tube.
5. The large block rate control charging structure for deep hole blasting according to claim 1, wherein, The length of the charge layer is 0.9 to 1.0 m.
6. The large block rate control charging structure for deep hole blasting according to claim 1, wherein, The spacing between adjacent blast holes is 2.5 to 3.0 meters.
7. The large block rate control charging structure for deep hole blasting according to claim 1, wherein, It also includes an initiation device, which includes a detonating cord disposed in the borehole, a digital detonator connected to the detonating cord and disposed at the borehole opening, and an initiator for detonating the digital detonator.
8. The large block rate control charging structure for deep hole blasting according to claim 7, wherein, At least two adjacent blast holes are connected to the same digital detonator via detonating cord.
9. The large-block ratio control charge structure for deep-hole blasting and ore mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, A sand layer is provided above the highest charge surface of the charge layer.