Charged multi-stage crushing device for waste lithium batteries

Abstract

The utility model provides a charged multi-stage crushing device for waste lithium batteries. The charged multi-stage crushing device comprises a support frame, the first crushing shell is arranged at the top of the supporting frame, and the crushing structure is arranged in the first crushing shell; the driving structure is arranged on the first crushing shell; the upper seat plate is arranged at the top of the first crushing shell; the upper cover body is arranged at the top of the upper seat plate; the clamping pieces are arranged on the inner wall of the upper cover body; the gas pipeline is clamped and mounted on the clamping pieces; and the functional mounting plate is arranged on the inner wall of the upper cover body and above the clamping piece and the gas pipeline. Dynamic cooling in the crushing process is achieved, so that the triple effects of explosion prevention, temperature control and efficient crushing are synchronously achieved in the lithium battery crushing process, and the safety and the resource recovery rate are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a multi-stage crushing device for used lithium batteries. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the demand for recycling and processing waste lithium batteries has increased dramatically. As a crucial step in lithium battery recycling, live-charged crushing must be carried out in an inert atmosphere to prevent fire and explosion. Currently, some crushing devices employ nitrogen (N2) protection technology, such as the scheme proposed in patent application number CN202420751803.X, which introduces N2 through a single inlet and exhausts the gas through an outlet. However, this design has the following drawbacks:

[0003] Uneven distribution of inert gas: Relying on a single air inlet for gas supply can easily create dead zones in the crushing chamber, resulting in the inability to effectively reduce local oxygen concentration. This is especially true in the complex chamber structure of multi-stage crushing, which increases the risk of fire in the material residue area.

[0004] Insufficient waste gas treatment: The gas outlet directly emits gas containing electrolyte volatiles without separating or adsorbing harmful components, which not only pollutes the environment but also wastes electrolyte resources and results in low recovery efficiency.

[0005] Safety limitations: Without real-time gas concentration monitoring and dynamic adjustment mechanisms during the crushing process, it is difficult to cope with differences in gas release at different crushing stages, resulting in limited protection effectiveness.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an improved waste lithium battery crushing device that can achieve uniform distribution of inert gas, efficient recovery of electrolyte volatiles, and improved overall safety. Utility Model Content

[0007] This invention provides a multi-stage crushing device for used lithium batteries, which can effectively solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0008] This utility model is implemented as follows:

[0009] A multi-stage crushing device for used lithium batteries, comprising:

[0010] Support frame;

[0011] A first crushing shell is disposed on the top of the support frame, and a crushing structure is disposed inside the first crushing shell;

[0012] A drive structure disposed on the first broken shell;

[0013] An upper seat plate is provided on the top of the first crushing shell, an upper cover is provided on the top of the upper seat plate, a plurality of clamping members are provided on the inner wall of the upper cover, a gas pipe is clamped and installed on the clamping members, a plurality of outlets are formed on the gas pipe, a functional mounting plate is provided on the inner wall of the upper cover and above the clamping members and the gas pipe, and a thermal management structure is provided in the functional mounting plate for cooling the crushing structure.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0015] (1) This utility model provides stable support for the first crushing shell and its internal crushing structure through the support frame, and the drive structure provides efficient crushing power. The clamping parts on the inner wall of the upper cover fix the gas pipe and evenly distribute the output port to ensure that the inert gas (such as nitrogen) fully covers the crushing area to suppress the risk of combustion. At the same time, the functional mounting plate integrates the thermal management structure, monitors in real time and accurately sprays the cooling medium (such as atomized water) to the high temperature area to achieve dynamic cooling during the crushing process. Thus, the triple effect of explosion prevention, temperature control and efficient crushing is achieved simultaneously in the crushing of lithium batteries, which significantly improves safety and resource recovery rate. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is the front view of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the first crushing shell of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the upper cover and gas delivery device of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a connection diagram of the filter box of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the upper cover of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the upper cover of this utility model.

[0023] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0024] 10. Support frame; 20. First crushing shell; 30. Connecting shaft; 40. Upper seat plate;

[0025] 50. Upper cover; 500. Top cover; 502. Clamping component; 504. Gas pipe; 506. Output port; 508. Functional mounting plate; 5080. Slide groove; 509. Water pipe; 5090. Nozzle; 510. Through groove; 511. Movable bracket; 5110. Slider; 5112. Elastic retaining ring;

[0026] 60. Discharge port; 70. Crushing structure;

[0027] 80. Gas delivery device; 800. Output pipe;

[0028] 90. Filter box; 900. First pipe; 902. Collection structure; 904. Second pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this utility model provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed utility model, but merely to represent selected embodiments of this utility model.

[0030] In the description of this utility model, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0031] Reference Figure 1-6 As shown, a multi-stage crushing device for used lithium batteries includes...

[0032] Support frame 10;

[0033] A first crushing shell 20 is set on the top of the support frame 10, and a crushing structure 70 is set inside the first crushing shell 20; a discharge port 60 is set at the bottom of the first crushing shell 20.

[0034] A drive structure is provided on the first crushing housing 20; the drive structure includes a drive motor and a connecting shaft 30 connected to the drive motor, the connecting shaft 30 is connected to the crushing structure 70 and crushes the lithium battery.

[0035] An upper seat plate 40 is provided on the top of the first crushing shell 20, an upper cover 50 is provided on the top of the upper seat plate 40, a plurality of clamping members 502 are provided on the inner wall of the upper cover 50, a gas pipe 504 is clamped and installed on the clamping members 502, a plurality of outlet ports 506 are formed on the gas pipe 504; one end of the gas pipe 504 is also connected to a gas conveying device 80, and an outlet pipe 800 is provided on one side of the gas conveying device 80 and communicates with the gas pipe 504.

[0036] In one embodiment, waste lithium batteries enter the first crushing shell 20 through the feed hopper. The drive motor drives the crushing structure 70 to perform high-speed shearing and crushing through the connecting shaft 30. The crushing structure 70 can adopt a gear-type or blade-type design to ensure that the lithium battery shell is completely torn apart, exposing the internal cell material. During the crushing process, the gas supply device 80 continuously supplies nitrogen (N2) to the gas pipeline 504 and sprays it evenly into the crushing chamber through the output port 506. At the same time, the output port 506 adopts a 30°~45° inclined design to ensure that N2 covers the entire crushing area and avoids material splashing caused by direct airflow. Furthermore, an oxygen sensor is installed in the crushing chamber to provide real-time feedback data to the control system and dynamically adjust the N2 flow rate to maintain an oxygen concentration of <5% and prevent electrolyte combustion.

[0037] A functional mounting plate 508 is disposed on the inner wall of the upper cover 50 and above the clamping member 502 and the gas pipe 504. A thermal management structure is disposed in the functional mounting plate 508 and used to cool the broken structure 70. A plurality of sliding grooves 5080 are sequentially formed on the functional mounting plate 508. The thermal management structure includes a movable bracket 511, a slider 5110 disposed at one end of the movable bracket 511 and connected to the sliding groove 5080, an elastic retaining ring 5112 disposed on the movable bracket 511, and a water pipe 509 clamped and mounted on the elastic retaining ring 5112. A plurality of through grooves 510 are also formed on the functional mounting plate 508, and a plurality of nozzles 5090 disposed on the outer wall of the water pipe 509 and extending out of the through grooves 510. The functional mounting plate 508 is positioned above the clamping member 502 and the gas pipe 504 to protect the water pipe 509.

[0038] In one embodiment, the heat generated during the crushing process is cooled by spraying cooling water through nozzles 5090 of water pipe 509. An external cooling tower provides low-temperature water (5~15℃), which is circulated to the nozzles by a water pump. After spraying, the hot water returns to the cooling tower for cooling, forming a closed loop. The nozzles 5090 adopt an atomization design to improve cooling efficiency and avoid excessive moisture affecting subsequent material sorting.

[0039] In one embodiment, a thermocouple (not shown in the figure) is also arranged inside the crushing chamber to monitor the temperature distribution in real time. When the temperature of a certain area exceeds a set threshold (such as 60°C), the control system drives the movable support 511 to move along the slide 5080, so that the nozzle 5090 is aimed at the high temperature point for precise spraying, thereby quickly cooling down.

[0040] The top of the upper cover 50 is provided with a top cover 500, a collection structure 902 is provided on one side of the top cover 500, a filter box 90 is provided on the top edge of the upper seat plate 40, a first pipe 900 is provided on the top of the filter box 90 and connected to the collection structure 902, and a second pipe 904 is provided on one side of the filter box 90.

[0041] In one embodiment, the electrolyte (containing organic solvents such as DMC and EC) volatilized during the crushing process rises with the airflow and enters the collection structure 902 through the top cover 500. The top cover is equipped with a guide plate (not shown in the figure) to prevent the gas from stagnating in the cavity and ensure that it quickly enters the recovery system. The gas enters the filter box 90 through the first pipe 900. The box is equipped with a two-stage condenser. The first stage condensation (room temperature): the gas temperature drops to 20~25℃, and some of the high-boiling-point electrolyte liquefies and precipitates. The second stage condensation (low temperature): the low-boiling-point components are further condensed by the refrigeration unit (-10~0℃), and the recovery rate can reach more than 90%. Before the residual gas is discharged through the second pipe 904, the residual VOCs are adsorbed by the activated carbon layer to ensure that the emission meets the environmental protection standards.

[0042] In one embodiment, the present invention further includes operation control steps for a multi-stage crushing device for used lithium batteries:

[0043] Step 1: System Startup and Inertia Processing

[0044] Nitrogen pre-charge; start the gas supply device 80 and inject high-purity nitrogen ≥99.9% into the first crushing shell 20 of the crushing chamber through the gas pipeline 504 for 3~5 minutes;

[0045] An oxygen sensor monitors the oxygen concentration inside the chamber in real time until it drops to an inert environment of <5%, ensuring that there is no risk of electrolyte combustion.

[0046] Initialize the cooling system; start the external cooling tower, pump the circulating cooling water at 5~15℃ into the water pipe 509, and test spray it through the atomizing nozzle 5090 to check the pipeline sealing and the nozzle coverage.

[0047] Step 2: Lithium battery crushing process

[0048] Feeding and crushing: Waste lithium batteries are fed into the first crushing shell 20 through the feeding hopper, and the drive motor drives the gear / blade crushing structure 70 to shear and crush at a speed of 1200~1500rpm through the connecting shaft 30.

[0049] During the crushing process, nitrogen gas is continuously injected through the outlet 506 at an angle of 30°~45° to form a uniform airflow barrier and suppress dust dispersion.

[0050] Dynamic temperature control;

[0051] Thermocouples monitor the temperature of the crushing zone in real time. If the local temperature exceeds 60℃, the control system drives the movable support 511 to move along the slide 5080, adjusting the atomizing nozzle 5090 to spray towards the high-temperature area, quickly cooling it to a safe range. Step 3: Waste gas and electrolyte recovery

[0052] Volatile organic compounds are collected; the electrolyte-containing gas generated from the crushing process is guided by the top cover 500 guide plate into the collection structure 902, and then introduced into the filter box 90 through the first pipe 900; primary condensation: the gas is liquefied into high-boiling-point components such as EC and DEC in a normal-temperature condenser at 20~25℃; secondary condensation: the low-temperature refrigeration unit condenses the remaining low-boiling-point solvents such as DMC at -10~0℃, with a recovery rate >90%;

[0053] Exhaust gas purification and emission: residual gas passes through the second pipe 904 and the activated carbon layer adsorbs residual VOCs, and is emitted after testing and meeting the standards.

[0054] Step 4: Shutdown and Maintenance

[0055] System cleaning and inspection; after crushing, continue to purge residual gas with nitrogen for 10 minutes; remove the elastic retaining ring 5112 to clean the water pipe 509 and nozzle 5090 to prevent electrolyte crystallization and blockage.

[0056] It should be noted that structures not shown in this case need to be set according to the specific usage.

[0057] Working principle:

[0058] After the lithium battery enters the first crushing chamber 20 through the feeding hopper, it is mechanically sheared and crushed by the crushing structure 70 under the drive of the motor. At the same time, the gas supply device 80 uniformly sprays nitrogen into the crushing chamber through the annular gas pipeline 504 to form a low-oxygen inert environment to prevent fire. The heat generated during the crushing process is monitored and precisely responded to in real time by the adjustable thermal management system. The movable bracket 511 drives the water pipe 509 to move along the slide 5080 so that the atomizing nozzle 5090 sprays cooling water at the high-temperature area. The elastic retaining ring 5112 compensates for the thermal expansion and contraction of the water pipe 509. The volatile electrolyte gas is collected by the top cover 500 and enters the multi-stage condensation system. First, the high-boiling-point components are recovered by ambient temperature condensation, and then the remaining volatiles are liquefied by low-temperature condensation. The uncondensed gas is finally purified by activated carbon adsorption and discharged in compliance with standards. Thus, the triple goals of safe crushing, efficient cooling and resource recovery are achieved. The whole system ensures the safety and environmental protection of the lithium battery crushing process through the synergistic effect of inertization protection, dynamic cooling and waste gas treatment.

[0059] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-stage crushing device for charged waste lithium batteries, characterized in that, include Support frame (10); A first crushing shell (20) is disposed on the top of the support frame (10), and a crushing structure (70) is disposed inside the first crushing shell (20). A drive structure disposed on the first broken housing (20); An upper seat plate (40) is provided on the top of the first crushing shell (20), an upper cover (50) is provided on the top of the upper seat plate (40), a plurality of clamping members (502) are provided on the inner wall of the upper cover (50), a gas pipe (504) is clamped and installed on the clamping members (502), a plurality of outlets (506) are formed on the gas pipe (504), a functional mounting plate (508) is provided on the inner wall of the upper cover (50) and above the clamping members (502) and the gas pipe (504), and a thermal management structure is provided in the functional mounting plate (508) for cooling the crushing structure (70).

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein, A plurality of grooves (5080) are sequentially formed on the functional mounting plate (508).

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein, The thermal management structure includes a movable bracket (511), a slider (5110) disposed at one end of the movable bracket (511) and connected to the slide groove (5080), and an elastic retaining ring (5112) disposed on the movable bracket (511) for engaging a water pipe (509) mounted on the elastic retaining ring (5112).

4. The device according to claim 3, wherein, The functional mounting plate (508) also has several through grooves (510) formed thereon, and several nozzles (5090) are provided on the outer wall of the water pipe (509) and extend out of the through grooves (510).

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein, One end of the gas pipeline (504) is also connected to a gas delivery device (80), and an output pipe (800) is set on one side of the gas delivery device (80) and connected to the gas pipeline (504).

6. The device according to claim 1, wherein, The top of the upper cover (50) is provided with a top cover (500), a collection structure (902) is provided on one side of the top cover (500), a filter box (90) is provided on the top edge of the upper seat plate (40), a first pipe (900) is provided on the top of the filter box (90) and connected to the collection structure (902), and a second pipe (904) is provided on one side of the filter box (90).

7. The device according to claim 1, wherein, The drive structure includes a drive motor and a connecting shaft (30) connected to the drive motor. The connecting shaft (30) is connected to the crushing structure (70) and crushes the lithium battery.

8. The device according to claim 3, wherein, The functional mounting plate (508) is positioned above the clamp (502) and the gas pipe (504) to protect the water pipe (509).

9. The device according to claim 1, wherein, The first crushing shell (20) is provided with a discharge port (60) at the bottom.

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