Power distribution device, battery device and power utilization device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of power distribution, and particularly relates to a power distribution device, a battery device and a power utilization device. The power distribution circuit comprises a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, a positive output terminal, a negative output terminal, a negative circuit and a positive circuit, and the negative circuit is electrically connected between the negative input terminal and the negative output terminal; the positive electrode circuit is electrically connected between the positive input terminal and the positive output terminal; the anode circuit is provided with a fuse; when the current of the power distribution circuit is greater than the working current of the power distribution circuit and the current of the power distribution circuit does not reach the fusing condition of the fuse, the disconnecting device can disconnect the positive electrode circuit and / or the negative electrode circuit; the arrangement of the disconnecting device can realize the overcurrent protection under the conditions that the power distribution device is abnormal and the fuse is not fused, thereby reducing the protection blind area of the power distribution device, and improving the comprehensiveness, use reliability and stability of the reliable protection of the power distribution device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of power distribution technology, and in particular relates to a power distribution device, a battery device, and a power consumption device. Background Technology

[0002] In the power supply system of battery devices, fuses in the power distribution device serve as protective components within the power distribution device, undertaking core safety protection functions such as short-circuit protection and overcurrent protection, and occupying an irreplaceable key position in the protection system of the battery system.

[0003] However, when selecting and designing fuses, a certain margin factor is usually required to ensure a safe difference between the fuse's rated parameters and the actual operating current, considering the complex operating conditions. However, due to the complex operating conditions of fuses, a large margin factor can lead to the fuse failing to disconnect in time under certain fault conditions, creating a protection blind spot in the power distribution system. This results in the power distribution system and subsequent circuits not receiving comprehensive and reliable protection, ultimately affecting the operational reliability and stability of the entire electrical system.

[0004] The above statements are for the purpose of providing background information in relation to this application only, and do not necessarily constitute prior art. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a power distribution device, a battery device, and a power consumption device, including but not limited to those that can reduce the protection blind spots of the power distribution device.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in the embodiments of this application is:

[0007] In a first aspect, a power distribution device is provided, including a power distribution circuit and a disconnecting device; the power distribution circuit includes a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, a positive output terminal, a negative output terminal, a negative circuit, and a positive circuit, the negative circuit being electrically connected between the negative input terminal and the negative output terminal; the positive circuit being electrically connected between the positive input terminal and the positive output terminal; the positive circuit having a fuse; when the current in the power distribution circuit is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit, and the current in the power distribution circuit does not reach the melting condition of the fuse, the disconnecting device can disconnect the positive circuit and / or the negative circuit.

[0008] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, when the power distribution device is in use, the positive input terminal and negative input terminal are first connected to the power supply terminal (e.g., battery cells in a battery device), and the positive output terminal and negative output terminal are connected to the power consumption terminal (e.g., the power system of the power consumption device). Power transmission is achieved through the cooperation of the positive and negative circuits. Since the current in the power distribution circuit is greater than its operating current, the disconnecting device will not disconnect the positive and / or negative circuits when the power distribution circuit is operating normally, allowing the power distribution circuit to operate normally. Simultaneously, the current in the power distribution circuit does not reach the fuse's blowing condition, allowing the disconnecting device to disconnect the negative and / or positive circuits when the current in the power distribution circuit is abnormal and the fuse has not blown in time, thereby disconnecting the power supply circuit. Therefore, the power distribution device of this embodiment, through the setting of the disconnecting device, can achieve overcurrent protection when the power distribution device malfunctions and the fuse has not blown, thereby reducing the protection blind spot of the power distribution device and improving the comprehensiveness, reliability, and stability of the power distribution device's reliable protection.

[0009] In some embodiments, when the current in the distribution circuit is less than the minimum fusing current of the fuse, the disconnecting device can disconnect the positive circuit and / or the negative circuit.

[0010] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the power distribution device can disconnect the positive circuit and / or negative circuit through the disconnection device even in the case of low current abnormality, thereby achieving effective protection and significantly improving the comprehensiveness and reliability of the power distribution device protection.

[0011] In some embodiments, when the current in the distribution circuit is greater than or equal to the minimum fusing current of the fuse, and the duration of the current in the distribution circuit is less than the fusing time of the fuse corresponding to the current in the distribution circuit, the disconnecting device can disconnect the positive circuit and / or the negative circuit.

[0012] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the disconnecting device can cope with short-term overload faults that the fuse cannot respond to, filling the protection blind spot; in addition, through the cooperation of the fuse and the disconnecting device, it can not only meet the impact requirements of instantaneous high current, but also cut off short-term overloads, improving the operational stability of the power distribution circuit, and can also cover short-term overload faults, improving the reliability and accuracy of power distribution device protection.

[0013] In some embodiments, when the current in the power distribution circuit reaches the fuse's melting condition, the disconnecting device can disconnect the positive and / or negative circuits.

[0014] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, in the protection blind zone where the fuse cannot respond, the disconnecting device disconnects the positive and / or negative circuits, playing a primary protection role; even when the fuse blows, the disconnecting device can still disconnect the positive and / or negative circuits, playing a redundant protection role. Through the dual protection of the disconnecting device and the fuse, the reliability and stability of the power distribution equipment in dealing with various overcurrent faults are improved.

[0015] In some embodiments, the disconnecting device includes an explosive device that can detonate when the current in the power distribution circuit is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit and the current in the power distribution circuit does not reach the melting condition of the fuse, thereby disconnecting the positive and / or negative circuits.

[0016] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the explosive device has a fast response speed and can quickly cut off the circuit when a fault occurs, effectively preventing the spread of the fault.

[0017] In some embodiments, the explosive device includes an initiation mechanism and a mechanical circuit breaker mechanism. When the current in the power distribution circuit is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit and the current in the power distribution circuit does not reach the melting condition of the fuse, the initiation mechanism can detonate, thereby driving the mechanical circuit breaker mechanism to operate and thus breaking the positive and / or negative circuits.

[0018] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, which uses a mechanical circuit disconnection method, the reliability of the circuit disconnection is high and it is not easily affected by factors such as circuit voltage fluctuations and electromagnetic interference, which can effectively improve the protection reliability of the power distribution device.

[0019] In some embodiments, the detonation mechanism includes an ignition tube, which can detonate when the current in the power distribution circuit is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit and the current in the power distribution circuit does not reach the melting condition of the fuse, thereby driving the mechanical circuit breaking mechanism to operate.

[0020] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the ignition tube triggering accuracy is high, which helps to improve the accuracy of the disconnection device action and the accuracy of the power distribution device protection; in addition, the ignition tube has a small size, which helps to improve the structural compactness of the power distribution device and reduce the size of the power distribution device.

[0021] In some embodiments, the mechanical circuit breaker includes a nail, and the explosive force generated by the detonation of the detonation mechanism can move the nail, thereby breaking the positive and / or negative circuits.

[0022] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the nail is small in size, which helps to improve the structural compactness of the power distribution device and reduce the size of the power distribution device; the nail has a simple structure and low cost, which helps to reduce the manufacturing cost of the explosive device.

[0023] In some embodiments, the positive circuit has a main positive relay connected in series with a fuse. The power distribution device is used to disconnect the electrical connection between the main positive relay and the fuse when the current in the power distribution circuit is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit and the current in the power distribution circuit does not reach the fuse's melting condition.

[0024] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the disconnecting device disconnects the electrical connection between the main positive relay and the fuse, rather than directly damaging the main positive relay or the fuse itself, thus avoiding significant damage to these two components. After the fault is cleared, the electrical connection between the main positive relay and the fuse is restored, and the device can be put back into use without replacing the relay or fuse, which greatly reduces the later maintenance cost of the power distribution device.

[0025] In some embodiments, the positive circuit includes a first electrical connector electrically connected between the main positive relay and the fuse. The disconnecting device can disconnect the first electrical connector when the current in the power distribution circuit is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit and the current in the power distribution circuit does not reach the melting condition of the fuse.

[0026] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the operation of the disconnecting device to break the first electrical connection is simple and easy to implement.

[0027] In some embodiments, the power distribution device includes a first housing, and a disconnecting device and a fuse are located within the first housing.

[0028] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the disconnecting device and the fuse are integrated into the first housing, which helps to improve the structural compactness of the power distribution device.

[0029] In some embodiments, the first electrical connector includes a first connecting segment and a second connecting segment connected to each other. The first connecting segment is located outside the first housing and is electrically connected to the main positive relay. The second connecting segment is located inside the first housing and is electrically connected to the fuse. When the current of the power distribution circuit is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit and the current of the power distribution circuit does not reach the melting condition of the fuse, the disconnecting device can break the second connecting segment.

[0030] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the disconnecting device located in the first housing breaks the second connecting segment located in the first housing. The two are close to each other and are not blocked by the wall of the first housing, which makes it easy for the disconnecting device to break the first electrical connector.

[0031] In some embodiments, the fuse and the main positive relay are integrated to form an excitation relay.

[0032] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the fuse and the main positive relay are integrated, which is beneficial to improve the integration level of electrical components in the power distribution device, reduce the size and cost of the power distribution device, and also to adapt to the high power density requirements of the battery device.

[0033] In some embodiments, the disconnection device is integrated with the excitation relay.

[0034] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the disconnection device is integrated with the excitation relay, which is beneficial to improve the integration level of electrical components in the power distribution device, reduce the size and cost of the power distribution device, and also facilitates compatibility with the high power density requirements of battery devices.

[0035] In some embodiments, the power distribution device includes a charging relay, a positive charging terminal and a negative charging terminal. The end of the positive circuit that is electrically connected to the positive output terminal is electrically connected to the positive charging terminal. The end of the negative charging terminal that is electrically connected to the negative output terminal is electrically connected to the negative circuit. The charging relay is located in the circuit between the positive charging terminal and the positive circuit.

[0036] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the power distribution device integrates a charging device, which can meet the charging needs.

[0037] In some embodiments, the negative circuit has a current sensing element and a main negative relay, the main negative relay being electrically connected between the negative output terminal and the negative input terminal, and the current sensing element being used to detect the current in the negative circuit.

[0038] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the current detection device is located on the negative electrode circuit at a low potential, and the insulation protection performance requirements of the current detection device are low, which allows for the selection of a lower-cost current detection device, thus helping to reduce the overall hardware cost of the power distribution device.

[0039] In some embodiments, the power distribution device includes a battery management device, the power distribution circuit has a current detection element for detecting the current of the power distribution circuit, the current detection element and the disconnection device are electrically connected to the battery management device, the battery management device can acquire the current of the power distribution circuit detected by the current detection element, and can control the disconnection device to operate to disconnect the positive and / or negative circuits when the current of the power distribution circuit is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit and the current of the power distribution circuit does not reach the melting condition of the fuse.

[0040] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the control of the battery management device is more intelligent and accurate, reducing the risk of false triggering of the disconnection device, enabling the protection action to be executed accurately in fault scenarios, and improving the operational stability of the power distribution device.

[0041] Secondly, a battery device is provided, including a battery cell assembly and the aforementioned power distribution device. The battery cell assembly has a positive main terminal and a negative main terminal, the positive main terminal being electrically connected to the positive input terminal, and the negative main terminal being electrically connected to the negative input terminal.

[0042] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the power distribution device can be fully protected, which is beneficial to improving the operational reliability and stability of the battery device.

[0043] Thirdly, an electrical device is provided, including the battery device described above.

[0044] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the battery device has good operational reliability and stability, which is conducive to improving the reliability of the electrical device.

[0045] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0047] Figure 1 The diagram shows the structural features of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0048] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0050] Figure 4 The diagram illustrates the working principle of a power distribution device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0051] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the power distribution device provided in some embodiments of this application Figure 1 .

[0052] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the excitation relay in the middle Figure 1 .

[0053] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the excitation relay in the middle Figure 2 .

[0054] Figure 8 For along Figure 7 Sectional view along line AA in the middle.

[0055] Figure 9 for Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the power distribution device shown Figure 2 .

[0056] Figure 10 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the power distribution device shown Figure 3 .

[0057] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0058] 1000, Vehicle; 1100, Battery Unit; 1200, Controller; 1300, Motor; 100, Battery Cell Assembly; 110, Battery Cell; 200, Housing; 210, First Housing; 220, Second Housing; 300, Power Distribution Unit; 310, Power Distribution Circuit; 311, Positive Input Terminal; 312, Negative Input Terminal; 313, Positive Output Terminal; 314, Negative Output Terminal; 315, Negative Circuit; 3151, Current Detector; 3152, Main Negative Relay; 3153, Fifth Electrical Connection; 3154, Sixth Electrical Connection; 316, Positive Circuit; 3161, Fuse; 3162, Main Positive Relay; 3163, First Electrical Connection; 31631, First Connecting Section; 3 1632, Second connecting section; 3164, Second electrical connector; 3165, Excitation relay; 3166, Retaining rib; 3167, First housing; 3168, Connecting port; 3171, Charging relay; 3172, Positive charging terminal; 3173, Negative charging terminal; 3181, Third electrical connector; 3182, Fourth electrical connector; 3191, Pre-charge resistor; 3192, Pre-charge relay; 320, Disconnection device; 321, Explosive device; 322, Detonation mechanism; 3221, Ignition tube; 323, Mechanical circuit breaker mechanism; 3231, Nail; 330, Housing; 331, First protective cover; 332, Second protective cover; 340, Battery management device; 400, Discharge interface; 500, Charging interface. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0060] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.

[0061] In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.

[0062] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0063] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0064] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "inner", "outer", "side", "upper", "bottom", "front", "rear", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0065] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.

[0066] It should also be noted that in the embodiments of this application, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same component or part. For the same part in the embodiments of this application, the reference numerals may only be used to mark one part or component as an example in the figure. It should be understood that the reference numerals are also applicable to other identical parts or components.

[0067] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of this application can be combined to form new technical solutions.

[0068] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of this application may be combined to form new technical solutions.

[0069] In this application, "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0070] In the power supply circuit of a battery device, the power distribution unit is a component that realizes power distribution, circuit control, and safety protection. Its operational reliability directly determines the stability and safety of the entire electrical system. The fuses in the power distribution unit undertake protection functions such as short circuit protection and overcurrent protection. They can quickly disconnect the circuit when a fault current occurs in the circuit, preventing the fault from spreading and causing damage to the power distribution unit or even the entire electrical system. They are indispensable components for ensuring the safe operation of the circuit and have an irreplaceable role.

[0071] However, in the actual selection and design of fuses, the influence of multiple factors needs to be considered. For example, temperature changes in the circuit operating environment will cause changes in the current-carrying capacity of the fuse, i.e., there is a temperature derating factor; the reliability of the electrical connection between the fuse and the circuit will affect its current carrying characteristics, resulting in an electrical connection derating factor; air pressure changes in high-altitude environments will weaken the heat dissipation performance of the fuse, forming an altitude derating factor; at the same time, the heat dissipation structure and ventilation conditions inside the power distribution equipment will also affect the operating state of the fuse, resulting in a heat dissipation derating factor, etc. The superposition of these multiple derating factors means that the fuse needs to have a large margin factor to ensure that it can still perform its protective function normally under various boundary conditions.

[0072] In the daily use of fuses, the circuit conditions they face are more complex and variable. A large safety margin can withstand instantaneous inrush currents during circuit operation, reducing false triggering and damage. However, because the safety margin is large, the overcurrent may not reach the fuse's melting point, causing it to fail to trip and disconnect the circuit in time. This protection blind spot means that the power distribution equipment and subsequent circuits cannot receive comprehensive and reliable protection, thus affecting the operational reliability and stability of the entire electrical system.

[0073] Based on this, embodiments of this application provide a power distribution device, which includes a power distribution circuit and a disconnection device. The power distribution circuit includes a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, a positive output terminal, a negative output terminal, a negative circuit, and a positive circuit. The negative circuit is electrically connected between the negative input terminal and the negative output terminal. The positive circuit is electrically connected between the positive input terminal and the positive output terminal. The positive circuit has a fuse. When the current of the power distribution circuit is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit, and the current of the power distribution circuit does not reach the melting condition of the fuse, the disconnection device can disconnect the positive circuit and / or the negative circuit.

[0074] The power distribution device of this application embodiment, in use, allows the positive input terminal, negative input terminal, positive output terminal, and negative output terminal to be connected to the power supply circuit. Through the cooperation of the positive and negative circuits, electrical energy is transmitted. Since the current in the power distribution circuit is greater than its operating current, the disconnecting device will not disconnect the positive and / or negative circuits when the power distribution circuit is operating normally, ensuring its normal operation. Simultaneously, the current in the power distribution circuit does not reach the fuse's blowing condition, allowing the disconnecting device to disconnect the negative and / or positive circuits when the current in the power distribution circuit is abnormal and the fuse has not blown in time, thereby disconnecting the power supply circuit. Therefore, the power distribution device of this application embodiment, through the setting of the disconnecting device, can achieve overcurrent protection when the power distribution device malfunctions and the fuse has not blown, thereby reducing the protection blind spot of the power distribution device and improving the comprehensiveness, reliability, and stability of the power distribution device's reliable protection.

[0075] The technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application are applicable to power distribution devices, battery devices using power distribution devices, and power consumption devices using battery devices.

[0076] The battery device disclosed in this application can be used, but is not limited to, in electrical devices such as vehicles, ships, or aircraft. A power system for such an electrical device can be constructed using the battery device disclosed in this application.

[0077] This application provides an electrical device that uses a battery as a power source. The electrical device can be, but is not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, power tools, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, etc. Electric toys can include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc. Spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.

[0078] For ease of explanation, the following embodiments will use a vehicle as an example of an electrical device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0079] Please refer to Figure 1 Vehicle 1000 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. A battery device 1100 is installed inside vehicle 1000, which can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of vehicle 1000. Battery device 1100 can be used to power vehicle 1000; for example, it can serve as the operating power source for vehicle 1000's electrical system, such as meeting the power requirements for starting, navigation, and operation of vehicle 1000.

[0080] The vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 1200 and a motor 1300. The controller 1200 is used to control the battery device 1100 to supply power to the motor 1300, for example, for the power needs of the vehicle 1000 during startup, navigation and driving.

[0081] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the battery device 1100 can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.

[0082] The battery device 1100 mentioned in the embodiments of this application may include one or more battery cell assemblies 100 for providing voltage and capacity. The battery cell assembly 100 may include multiple battery cells 110, which are connected in series, parallel or mixed connection via a busbar.

[0083] In some embodiments, the battery cell assembly 100 is typically formed by arranging a plurality of battery cells 110.

[0084] As an example, the battery cell assembly 100 can be a battery module, which is formed by arranging and fixing multiple battery cells 110 together. As an example, the battery module can be formed by bundling multiple battery cells 110 together with cable ties.

[0085] In some embodiments, the battery device 1100 may be a battery pack, which includes a housing 200 and one or more battery cell assemblies 100, the battery cell assemblies 100 being housed in the housing 200.

[0086] As an example, the battery cell assembly 100 can be a battery module, and the battery cell assembly 100 can be housed in the housing 200 by fixing the battery module in the housing 200.

[0087] As an example, the battery cell assembly 100 can also be housed in the housing 200 by directly fixing multiple battery cells 110 to the housing 200.

[0088] As an example, the housing 200 may include a first housing 210 and a second housing 220. The first housing 210 and the second housing 220 are fastened together to form a closed space inside the housing 200 to house the battery cell assembly 100. Here, "closed" refers to covering or closing, and can be either sealed or unsealed. The first housing 210 may be a top cover or a bottom plate.

[0089] As an example, the housing 200 may include a top cover, a frame, and a bottom plate. The top cover and the bottom plate are respectively connected to the frame, so that the interior of the housing 200 forms an enclosed space to house the battery cell assembly 100.

[0090] In some embodiments, the housing 200 may be part of the chassis structure of the vehicle 1000. For example, a portion of the housing 200 may be at least a portion of the floor of the vehicle 1000, or a portion of the housing 200 may be at least a portion of the crossbeams and longitudinal beams of the vehicle 1000.

[0091] In some examples, the battery cell assembly 100 includes multiple battery cells 110 and electrical connection components. The multiple battery cells 110 are connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed configuration via the electrical connection components, thereby connecting the battery cells 110 in the battery cell assembly 100 to form a module. The battery cells 110 within the battery cell assembly 100, after being electrically connected via the electrical connection components, can form a positive terminal and a negative terminal. Here, "mixed configuration" refers to the battery cells 110 in the battery cell assembly 100 being connected in both series and parallel configurations.

[0092] In some examples, the electrical connection components include multiple busbars, which can be copper or aluminum.

[0093] For example, battery cells 110 in battery cell assembly 100 are connected in series. Each battery cell 110 has a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal. The negative electrode terminal of the first battery cell 110 and the positive electrode terminal of the second battery cell 110 are electrically connected using a bus. Then, the negative electrode terminal of the second battery cell 110 is connected to the positive electrode terminal of the third battery cell 110, and so on. Finally, the positive electrode terminals of the first battery cell 110 and the negative electrode terminals of the last battery cell 110 in the entire battery cell assembly 100 are all connected to a bus. The bus connected to the positive electrode terminal of the first battery cell 110 is the positive main terminal, and the bus connected to the negative electrode terminal of the last battery cell 110 forms the negative main terminal. Connecting the battery cells 110 in series can increase the output voltage of the battery cell assembly 100, which is beneficial for high-voltage applications.

[0094] For example, the battery cells 110 in the battery cell assembly 100 are connected in parallel, and the positive electrode terminals of all the battery cells 110 are soldered together on the same busbar, which is the positive main terminal; the negative electrode terminals of all the battery cells 110 are soldered together on another busbar, which is the negative main terminal.

[0095] In this embodiment of the application, the battery cell 110 can be a secondary battery. A secondary battery refers to a battery cell 110 that can be used again after being discharged by recharging to activate the active materials.

[0096] The battery cell 110 can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.

[0097] This application provides a power distribution device 300, which is electrically connected to a battery cell assembly 100. The battery assembly 1100 is connected to the power system of the power-consuming device (such as a motor controller, on-board charger, air conditioning compressor, etc.) through the power distribution device 300, and the power distribution device 300 performs high voltage distribution to the battery assembly 1100.

[0098] In some examples, the power distribution device 300 may be referred to as a high-voltage box, a high-voltage distribution box, or a power distribution unit, etc.

[0099] The following combination Figures 4-10 The power distribution device 300 of the present application embodiment will be described. In the accompanying drawings, the length direction of the power distribution device 300 can be referred to as the X direction, the width direction of the power distribution device 300 can be referred to as the Y direction, and the height direction of the power distribution device 300 can be referred to as the Z direction.

[0100] See Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the power distribution device 300 includes a power distribution circuit 310 and a disconnection device 320; the power distribution circuit 310 includes a positive input terminal 311, a negative input terminal 312, a positive output terminal 313, a negative output terminal 314, a negative circuit 315, and a positive circuit 316, with the negative circuit 315 electrically connected between the negative input terminal 312 and the negative output terminal 314; the positive circuit 316 is electrically connected between the positive input terminal 311 and the positive output terminal 313; the positive circuit 316 has a fuse 3161; when the current of the power distribution circuit 310 is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit 310, and the current of the power distribution circuit 310 does not reach the melting condition of the fuse 3161, the disconnection device 320 can disconnect the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315.

[0101] The power distribution circuit 310 is a combination of components in the power distribution device 300 that realize the distribution and transmission of electrical energy. The power distribution circuit 310 includes multiple terminals and various electrical components, such as circuit boards, relays, current sensors, and fuses 3161.

[0102] Positive input terminal 311 is the interface for establishing an electrical connection between the power distribution device 300 and the positive terminal of the power supply (e.g., the positive main terminal). Negative input terminal 312 is the interface for establishing an electrical connection between the power distribution device 300 and the negative terminal of the power supply (e.g., the negative main terminal); positive output terminal 313 and negative output terminal 314 are the interfaces for establishing an electrical connection between the power distribution device 300 and the power consumption terminal (e.g., the power consumption system of the power consumption device).

[0103] The wiring methods for each terminal in the positive input terminal 311, negative input terminal 312, positive output terminal 313, and negative output terminal 314 can be bolt crimping, plug-in connection, welding, etc.

[0104] For example, to facilitate later maintenance and disassembly, the wiring terminal can be a bolt-press type wiring method. By tightening the bolt, the electrical connector (e.g., wire, copper busbar, etc.) is tightly fitted to the wiring terminal, reducing the heat problem caused by poor contact.

[0105] The positive circuit 316 refers to the component assembly in the power distribution device 300 that is electrically connected between the positive input terminal 311 and the positive output terminal 313. The positive circuit 316 includes electrical devices disposed on the positive circuit 316, such as relays, fuses 3161, etc. The positive circuit 316 also includes components such as copper busbars and wire harnesses that are electrically connected between electrical devices and between electrical devices and their corresponding terminals.

[0106] The negative circuit 315 is a collection of components in the power distribution device 300 that are electrically connected between the negative input terminal 312 and the negative output terminal 314. The negative circuit 315 includes electrical devices such as relays and current sensors. The negative circuit 315 also includes components such as copper busbars and wire harnesses that are electrically connected between electrical devices and between electrical devices and their corresponding terminals.

[0107] The two ends of the positive circuit 316 are electrically connected to the positive input terminal 311 and the positive output terminal 313 of the power distribution device 300, respectively. The two ends of the negative circuit 315 are electrically connected to the negative input terminal 312 and the negative output terminal 314 of the power distribution device 300, respectively. The positive circuit 316 and the negative circuit 315 cooperate with each other to form a complete power transmission circuit between the power supply end and the power consumption end.

[0108] Fuse 3161 is a protective element in the positive circuit 316, providing short-circuit and overcurrent protection. Fuse 3161 can be a fast-acting fuse, a time-delay fuse, or other types.

[0109] For example, in the power supply system of the battery device 1100, a fast-acting fuse 3161 can be selected to quickly melt and cut off the circuit in the event of a serious fault such as a short circuit. At the same time, the minimum fusing current of the fuse 3161 needs to form a safe difference with the operating current of the power distribution circuit 310, that is, the minimum fusing current of the fuse 3161 is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit 310. This setting can reduce the possibility of the fuse 3161 accidentally blowing due to current fluctuations under normal operating conditions.

[0110] The disconnecting device 320 is a component used to disconnect the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315. The disconnecting device 320 can compensate for the protection blind spot of the fuse 3161 and improve the protection comprehensiveness of the power distribution device 300.

[0111] In some examples, the disconnecting device 320 damages the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315 in a destructive manner, thereby disconnecting the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315.

[0112] For example, the disconnecting device 320 can be a mechanical structure that can directly break the electrical connections (e.g., wires, copper busbars, etc.) in the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315. The disconnecting device 320 can be a scissor structure, a nail-breaking structure, etc.

[0113] For example, the disconnecting device 320 may also be used in an explosive manner to break the electrical connections (e.g., wires, copper busbars, etc.) in the positive circuit 316 and / or negative circuit 315 by means of explosive destruction.

[0114] In some examples, the disconnecting device 320 may also be an electronic device, which may be directly connected in series in the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315. When the conditions for operation are met, the electronic device is activated, thereby disconnecting the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315.

[0115] For example, the disconnecting device 320 may be a relay, etc.

[0116] The disconnecting device 320 can disconnect only the positive circuit 316, or only the negative circuit 315, or both the positive circuit 316 and the negative circuit 315 at the same time. Disconnecting both circuits at the same time can further improve the reliability of power disconnection and reduce residual faults caused by incomplete disconnection of a single circuit.

[0117] When the current in the power distribution circuit 310 is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit 310, and the current in the power distribution circuit 310 does not reach the melting condition of the fuse 3161, the disconnecting device 320 can disconnect the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315. It can be understood that the disconnecting device 320 needs to meet two conditions at the same time to operate.

[0118] Condition 1: The disconnecting device 320 can only operate when the current of the power distribution circuit 310 is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit 310, so that the power distribution circuit 310 can operate stably within the normal operating current range and will not be accidentally disconnected.

[0119] Condition 2: When the current in the power distribution circuit 310 does not reach the melting condition of the fuse 3161, the disconnecting device 320 operates, thereby covering the fault scenario where the fuse 3161 cannot respond due to its large margin factor.

[0120] The operating current of the power distribution circuit 310 refers to the operating current of the power distribution circuit 310 under normal operating conditions. For example, the operating current of the power distribution circuit 310 may refer to the rated operating current of the power distribution device 300, which can be found on the nameplate of the power distribution device 300.

[0121] The current in the power distribution circuit 310 can refer to the current when the power distribution circuit 310 is working, or it can be the current in the positive circuit 316 or the current in the negative circuit 315. The current in the power distribution circuit 310 can be obtained by a current detection element 3151 provided in the negative circuit 315 and / or the positive circuit 316.

[0122] The fusing condition of fuse 3161 refers to the condition under which the fusible element of fuse 3161 melts and disconnects the circuit.

[0123] In some examples, the fusing conditions of fuse 3161 include current amplitude conditions and time accumulation conditions. The current in the distribution circuit 310 must simultaneously meet both the current amplitude conditions and the time accumulation conditions for fuse 3161 to blow; if the current in the distribution circuit 310 only meets one of the current amplitude conditions and the time accumulation conditions, fuse 3161 will not blow.

[0124] Current amplitude condition: The current in the power distribution circuit 310 reaches or exceeds the minimum fusing current of the fuse 3161.

[0125] If the current in the power distribution circuit 310 is lower than the minimum fusing current of the fuse 3161, no matter how long the energizing time is, the Joule heat generated by the fusible element is not enough to raise its temperature to the melting point, and the fuse 3161 will not melt.

[0126] If the current in the power distribution circuit 310 is equal to or higher than the minimum fusing current of the fuse 3161, the fusible element will enter the process of heat accumulation, temperature rise, melting and breaking.

[0127] Time accumulation condition: The duration of the current in the power distribution circuit 310 is greater than or the melting time of the fuse 3161.

[0128] After the current in the power distribution circuit 310 meets the current amplitude condition, a sufficient current duration is also required so that the heat generated by the melt can accumulate to the melting temperature.

[0129] The minimum fusing current of fuse 3161 refers to the minimum current threshold required for the fusible element inside fuse 3161 to continuously heat up and reach its melting point, eventually melting and breaking the circuit.

[0130] The fusing time of fuse 3161 is inversely related to the current. The larger the current, the faster the fusible element heats up and the shorter the fusing time; the smaller the current, the longer the fusing time.

[0131] The minimum fusing current of fuse 3161 and the relationship between its fusing current and fusing time can be obtained by consulting the time-current characteristic curve of fuse 3161. The time-current characteristic curve is determined by the manufacturer through experiments and serves as an important basis for selecting fuse 3161.

[0132] In use, the power distribution device 300 of this application embodiment first connects the positive input terminal 311 and the negative input terminal 312 to the power supply terminal (e.g., the battery cell assembly 100 in the battery device 1100), and connects the positive output terminal 313 and the negative output terminal 314 to the power consumption terminal (e.g., the power consumption system of the power consumption device), and realizes the transmission of electrical energy through the cooperation of the positive circuit 316 and the negative circuit 315. The current in the power distribution circuit 310 is greater than its operating current, preventing the disconnecting device 320 from disconnecting the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315 when the power distribution circuit 310 is operating normally, thus ensuring the normal operation of the power distribution circuit 310. Simultaneously, the current in the power distribution circuit 310 does not reach the melting condition of the fuse 3161, allowing the disconnecting device 320 to disconnect the negative circuit 315 and / or the positive circuit 316 when the current in the power distribution circuit 310 is abnormal and the fuse 3161 fails to blow in time, thereby disconnecting the power supply circuit. Therefore, the power distribution device 300 of this embodiment, through the disconnecting device 320, can achieve overcurrent protection when the power distribution device 300 malfunctions and the fuse 3161 fails to blow, thereby reducing the protection blind spot of the power distribution device 300 and improving the comprehensiveness, reliability, and stability of the power distribution device 300's reliable protection.

[0133] In some cases, to balance the contradiction between the large margin design and the protection blind zone of the fuse 3161, it is necessary to repeatedly match and verify the performance of the fuse 3161. However, even after multiple verifications, it is still difficult to achieve a good match between the two performance characteristics. This not only increases the product development and debugging costs and prolongs the development cycle, but also improves the contradiction between the large margin design and the protection blind zone of the fuse 3161 by using the disconnecting device 320 and the fuse 3161 in the embodiments of this application. It is easier to achieve a good match between the two performance characteristics, which is conducive to reducing the development cost of the power distribution device 300.

[0134] In some embodiments, the battery device 1100 is provided with a discharge interface 400 for electrical connection with the power user. The positive output terminal 313 and the negative output terminal 314 are electrically connected to the discharge interface 400, so that the power supply can be delivered to the power user through the power distribution device 300. The discharge interface 400 facilitates electrical connection with the power user.

[0135] In some embodiments, when the current in the distribution circuit 310 is less than the minimum fusing current of the fuse 3161, the disconnecting device 320 can disconnect the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315.

[0136] The current in the distribution circuit 310 is already in the abnormal range, and the value of the abnormal current is less than the minimum fusing current of the fuse 3161, meaning the abnormal current is under a low-current abnormal condition. When the abnormal current is lower than the minimum fusing current of the fuse 3161, the heat energy of the fusible element cannot reach the melting point, and the fuse 3161 will not blow. This range is also the protection blind zone formed by the excessively large selection margin of the fuse 3161.

[0137] When an abnormal current greater than the operating current occurs in the power distribution circuit 310, and the abnormal current does not reach the minimum fusing current of the fuse 3161 and the fuse 3161 cannot operate, the disconnecting device 320 can be triggered to disconnect the power supply circuit by disconnecting the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315.

[0138] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the power distribution device 300 can also disconnect the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315 through the disconnection device 320 in the case of low current abnormality, so as to achieve effective protection and significantly improve the comprehensiveness and reliability of the protection of the power distribution device 300.

[0139] In some embodiments, when the current in the power distribution circuit 310 is greater than or equal to the minimum fusing current of the fuse 3161, and the duration of the current in the power distribution circuit 310 is less than the fusing time of the fuse 3161 corresponding to the current in the power distribution circuit 310, the disconnecting device 320 can disconnect the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315.

[0140] If the current in the distribution circuit 310 is greater than or equal to the minimum fusing current setting of the fuse 3161, it indicates that the current has reached the theoretically fusing current threshold of the fuse element, constituting a clear overload fault current. Simultaneously, the duration of the current is less than the corresponding fusing time of the fuse 3161, indicating that the fuse element's heating time is insufficient and the accumulated heat has not reached its melting point, preventing the fuse 3161 from triggering its fusing action. The current has exceeded the limit, but the duration has not met the energy accumulation requirements for the fuse 3161 to fuse, resulting in a short-term overload fault in the distribution device 300. That is, the disconnecting device 320 can disconnect the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315 in the event of a short-term overload fault in the distribution device 300.

[0141] The fuse 3161 is selected with a large margin factor to meet the requirements of withstanding instantaneous high current surges, preventing accidental melting of the fuse 3161 due to instantaneous high currents during normal operating conditions such as motor starting and capacitor charging. However, the large margin factor design means that when a short-term overload fault occurs in the power distribution circuit 310, the fuse 3161 may not be able to respond and disconnect the circuit in time due to the characteristic that it needs a longer time to accumulate melting heat. By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, in the event of a short-term overload in the power distribution device 300, the disconnecting device 320 can disconnect the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315, while the fuse 3161 can cope with instantaneous high current surges under normal operating conditions, reducing the risk of accidental melting.

[0142] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the disconnecting device 320 can cope with short-term overload faults that the fuse 3161 cannot respond to, filling the protection blind spot; in addition, through the cooperation of the fuse 3161 and the disconnecting device 320, it can not only meet the impact requirements of instantaneous high current, but also cut off short-term overloads, improving the operational stability of the power distribution circuit 310, and also covering short-term overload faults, improving the reliability and accuracy of the protection of the power distribution device 300.

[0143] In some embodiments, when the current in the power distribution circuit 310 reaches the melting condition of the fuse 3161, the disconnecting device 320 can disconnect the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315.

[0144] The tripping device 320 operates when the current in the distribution circuit 310 reaches the melting condition of the fuse 3161, meaning the current value is greater than or equal to the minimum breaking current of the fuse 3161, and the duration of the current is greater than or equal to the melting time of the fuse 3161 corresponding to that current. At this point, the heat energy of the fusible element has accumulated to its melting point, the fuse 3161 melts, and the positive circuit 316 is disconnected. Based on the melting of the fuse 3161, the tripping device 320 can also operate, thereby disconnecting the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315, forming redundant protection. In the event of occasional failure of the fuse 3161 due to incomplete melting or poor contact, the tripping device 320 disconnects the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315, providing circuit breaking protection. The tripping device 320 and the fuse 3161 form a double safety net.

[0145] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, in the protection blind zone where the fuse 3161 cannot respond, the disconnecting device 320 disconnects the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315, thus providing primary protection. Even when the fuse 3161 blows, the disconnecting device 320 can still disconnect the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315, providing redundant protection. Through the dual protection of the disconnecting device 320 and the fuse 3161, the reliability and stability of the power distribution device 300 in dealing with various overcurrent faults are improved.

[0146] See Figure 6 , Figure 7 and 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the disconnecting device 320 includes an explosive device 321 that can detonate when the current in the power distribution circuit 310 is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit 310 and the current in the power distribution circuit 310 does not reach the melting condition of the fuse 3161, thereby disconnecting the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315.

[0147] The explosive device 321 is a component that can use the explosive force generated by an explosion to disconnect a circuit. The explosive device 321 can directly use the explosive force to damage the components in the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315, thereby achieving the disconnection of the circuit.

[0148] The explosive device 321 can also use the explosive force to drive the mechanical parts to act, thereby damaging the components in the positive electrode circuit 316 and / or the negative electrode circuit, thus breaking the circuit.

[0149] In some examples, the explosive device 321 may damage the electrical components in the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315 to disconnect the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315.

[0150] In some examples, the explosive device 321 may damage electrical connections (e.g., wires, copper busbars, etc.) in the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315.

[0151] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the explosive device 321 has a fast response speed and can quickly cut off the circuit when a fault occurs, effectively preventing the spread of the fault.

[0152] In some embodiments, the explosive device 321 includes an initiation mechanism 322 and a mechanical circuit breaker mechanism 323. When the current in the power distribution circuit 310 is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit 310 and the current in the power distribution circuit 310 does not reach the melting condition of the fuse 3161, the initiation mechanism 322 can detonate, thereby driving the mechanical circuit breaker mechanism 323 to operate, thereby breaking the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315.

[0153] The detonation mechanism 322 is a component in the explosive device 321 that can be detonated. The detonation mechanism 322 can be a miniature gas-generating agent, a small detonating charge, or other components.

[0154] The mechanical circuit breaker mechanism 323 is a component of the explosive device 321 used to disconnect the circuit. The mechanical circuit breaker mechanism 323 can be a cutter assembly, a contact separation assembly, a conductive link breaking assembly, etc.

[0155] When the current in the power distribution circuit 310 meets the operating conditions, the detonation mechanism 322 is detonated. The instantaneous impact force or high-pressure gas drives the mechanical circuit breaker 323 to operate, directly cutting off the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315, thus disconnecting the circuit.

[0156] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, which uses a mechanical circuit disconnection method, the reliability of the circuit disconnection is high and it is not easily affected by factors such as circuit voltage fluctuations and electromagnetic interference, which can effectively improve the protection reliability of the power distribution device 300.

[0157] In some embodiments, the detonation mechanism 322 includes an ignition tube 3221. When the current in the power distribution circuit 310 is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit 310 and the current in the power distribution circuit 310 does not reach the melting condition of the fuse 3161, the ignition tube 3221 can detonate, thereby driving the mechanical circuit breaker mechanism 323 to operate.

[0158] Ignition tube 3221 is a small pyrotechnic element used to ignite gunpowder, propellant, or initiator. Ignition tube 3221 typically integrates an ignition assembly, a core, and a sealed housing. When the ignition assembly is triggered, it can quickly ignite the core, releasing an instantaneous impact force or high-pressure gas, thereby driving the mechanical circuit breaker 323 to operate, which in turn disconnects the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315.

[0159] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the ignition tube 3221 has high triggering accuracy, which is beneficial to improving the accuracy of the disconnection device 320 and the accuracy of the protection of the power distribution device 300. In addition, the ignition tube 3221 has a small size, which is beneficial to improving the structural compactness of the power distribution device 300 and reducing the size of the power distribution device 300.

[0160] In some embodiments, the mechanical circuit breaker 323 includes a nail 3231, and the explosive force generated by the detonation of the detonation mechanism 322 can push the nail 3231 to move, thereby breaking the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315.

[0161] Nail 3231 refers to a metal rod that works in conjunction with detonation mechanism 322. One end of nail 3231 has a conical structure and faces the component to be broken (e.g., copper busbar, wire, etc.) so as to strike the component to be broken.

[0162] After the detonation mechanism 322 is detonated, it releases an instantaneous, high-intensity explosive force. The explosive force acts directly on the end of the nail 3231 facing away from the conical structure, driving the nail 3231 to move. The moving nail 3231, with its rigid impact force, directly hits or cuts off at least one of the positive circuit 316 and the negative circuit 315.

[0163] For example, if the electrical connector is a copper busbar, nail 3231 can directly break the copper busbar; if the electrical connector is a wire, nail 3231 can pierce the insulation layer of the wire and tear off the internal wire core, ultimately achieving instantaneous circuit disconnection.

[0164] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the nail 3231 is small in size, which helps to improve the structural compactness of the power distribution device 300 and reduce the size of the power distribution device 300; the nail 3231 has a simple structure and low cost, which helps to reduce the manufacturing cost of the explosive device 321.

[0165] In some embodiments, the positive circuit 316 has a main positive relay 3162, which is connected in series with a fuse 3161. The disconnecting device 320 is used to disconnect the electrical connection between the main positive relay 3162 and the fuse 3161 when the current of the power distribution circuit 310 is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit 310 and the current of the power distribution circuit 310 does not reach the melting condition of the fuse 3161.

[0166] The main positive relay 3162 can refer to a relay used to control the on / off state of the positive circuit 316.

[0167] In some examples, the first terminal of the main positive relay 3162 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the fuse 3161, the second terminal of the main positive relay 3162 is electrically connected to the positive output terminal 313, and the second terminal of the fuse 3161 is electrically connected to the positive input terminal 311, so that the main positive relay 3162 and the fuse 3161 are connected in series.

[0168] In some examples, the first terminal of the main positive relay 3162 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the fuse 3161, the second terminal of the main positive relay 3162 is electrically connected to the positive input terminal 311, and the second terminal of the fuse 3161 is electrically connected to the positive output terminal 313, so that the main positive relay 3162 and the fuse 3161 are connected in series.

[0169] The first and second terminals of the main positive relay 3162 refer to the terminals used for connecting to the positive circuit 316. The first and second terminals of the main positive relay 3162 can also refer to the contact terminals of the main positive relay 3162. The main positive relay 3162 also has a control terminal for electrical connection with a control circuit (e.g., a BMU (Battery Management Unit) circuit board). The control terminal can refer to the terminal electrically connected to the coil inside the main positive relay 3162. The control circuit energizes the coil through the control terminal, thereby connecting the first and second terminals of the main positive relay 3162. The control circuit de-energizes the coil through the control terminal, disconnecting the first and second terminals of the main positive relay 3162. In this way, by sending an electrical signal from the control circuit to the control terminal, the connection and disconnection between the first and second terminals of the main positive relay 3162 can be controlled, thereby controlling the connection and disconnection of the positive circuit 316.

[0170] In some examples, the first terminal of the main positive relay 3162 and the first terminal of the fuse 3161 can be directly electrically connected. When the operating condition is met, the disconnecting device 320 can break the electrical connection structure formed by the first terminal of the main positive relay 3162 and the first terminal of the fuse 3161, or break the first terminal of the main positive relay 3162 or the first terminal of the fuse 3161, so that the main positive relay 3162 and the fuse 3161 are disconnected, thereby realizing the disconnection of the positive circuit 316.

[0171] In some examples, the first terminal of the main positive relay 3162 and the first terminal of the fuse 3161 are electrically connected by an electrical connector (e.g., copper busbar, wire, etc.). When the operating condition is met, the disconnecting device 320 can destroy the electrical connector, or destroy the electrical connection structure formed between the first terminal of the main positive relay 3162 and the electrical connector, or destroy the electrical connection structure formed between the first terminal of the fuse 3161 and the electrical connector, or destroy the first terminal of the main positive relay 3162, or the first terminal of the fuse 3161, so that the main positive relay 3162 and the fuse 3161 are disconnected, thereby realizing the disconnection of the positive circuit 316.

[0172] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the disconnecting device 320 disconnects the electrical connection between the main positive relay 3162 and the fuse 3161, rather than directly damaging the main positive relay 3162 or the fuse 3161 itself. This avoids causing significant damage to these two components. After the fault is cleared, the electrical connection between the main positive relay 3162 and the fuse 3161 can be restored, and the device can be put back into use without replacing the relay or fuse 3161, thus greatly reducing the later maintenance cost of the power distribution device 300.

[0173] In some embodiments, the disconnecting device 320 may open the electrical connection between the fuse 3161 and the positive input terminal 311. Alternatively, the disconnecting device 320 may also open the electrical connection between the main positive relay 3162 and the positive output terminal 313.

[0174] In some embodiments, the positive circuit 316 includes a first electrical connector 3163, which is electrically connected between the main positive relay 3162 and the fuse 3161. The disconnecting device 320 can disconnect the first electrical connector 3163 when the current of the power distribution circuit 310 is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit 310 and the current of the power distribution circuit 310 does not reach the melting condition of the fuse 3161.

[0175] The first electrical connector 3163 can refer to a conductive component that is electrically connected between the main positive relay 3162 and the fuse 3161. One end of the first electrical connector 3163 is electrically connected to the first end of the main positive relay 3162, and the other end of the first electrical connector 3163 is electrically connected to the first end of the fuse 3161. The first electrical connector 3163 can be a copper busbar, wire, etc.

[0176] When the disconnecting device 320 meets the operating conditions, the disconnecting device 320 can break the first electrical connection 3163, thereby disconnecting the circuit between the main positive relay 3162 and the fuse 3161, disconnecting the positive circuit 316, and thus realizing circuit protection.

[0177] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the operation of disconnecting device 320 to disconnect the first electrical connection 3163 is simple and easy to implement.

[0178] In some embodiments, the power distribution device 300 includes a first housing 3167, and a disconnecting device 320 and a fuse 3161 are located within the first housing 3167.

[0179] The disconnecting device 320 and the fuse 3161 are integrated within the first housing 3167, which protects the disconnecting device 320 and the fuse 3161. The first housing 3167 may be made of plastic material.

[0180] In some examples, the power distribution device 300 is an explosive device 321, which includes an ignition tube 3221 and a nail 3231. The ignition tube 3221, the nail 3231, and the fuse 3161 are located inside the internal cavity of the first housing 3167. The ignition tube 3221 is located in a relatively enclosed cavity, which has a good explosive effect and a large explosive force, making it easier to break the first electrical connector 3163. The nail 3231 is located between the ignition tube 3221 and the first electrical connector 3163. After the ignition tube 3221 is detonated, it can push the nail 3231 toward the first electrical connector 3163, thereby breaking the first electrical connector 3163.

[0181] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the disconnecting device 320 and the fuse 3161 are integrated into the first housing 3167, which is beneficial to improving the structural compactness of the power distribution device 300.

[0182] In some embodiments, the power distribution device 300 includes a second electrical connector 3164, one end of which is electrically connected to the second end of a fuse 3161, and the other end of which extends out of the first housing 3167 and forms a positive input terminal 311. The second electrical connector 3164 may be a wire, copper busbar, or other component. The disconnecting device 320 may also disconnect the second electrical connector 3164.

[0183] In some embodiments, the first housing 3167 is provided with a connection port 3168 for electrical connection with the control terminal of the main positive relay 3162, so that the connection port 3168 can be electrically connected to the control circuit, and the connection port 3168 and the positive input terminal 311 are located on the same side of the first housing 3167, which also facilitates wiring.

[0184] In some embodiments, the first electrical connector 3163 includes a first connecting segment 31631 and a second connecting segment 31632 connected to each other. The first connecting segment 31631 is located outside the first housing 3167 and is electrically connected to the main positive relay 3162. The second connecting segment 31632 is located inside the first housing 3167 and is electrically connected to the fuse 3161. When the current of the power distribution circuit 310 is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit 310 and the current of the power distribution circuit 310 does not reach the melting condition of the fuse 3161, the disconnecting device 320 can disconnect the second connecting segment 31632.

[0185] The first electrical connector 3163 is divided into two sections: the section extending outside the first housing 3167 is the first connecting section 31631, and the section located inside the first housing 3167 is the second connecting section 31632. The first connecting section 31631 extends outside the first housing 3167 to facilitate electrical connection with the main positive relay 3162. The first connecting section 31631 can be electrically connected to the first terminal of the main positive relay 3162, and the second connecting section 31632 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the fuse 3161.

[0186] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the disconnecting device 320 located in the first housing 3167 breaks the second connecting segment 31632 located in the first housing 3167. The two are close to each other and are not blocked by the wall of the first housing 3167, which makes it easy for the disconnecting device 320 to break the first electrical connector 3163.

[0187] In some embodiments, the fuse 3161 and the main positive relay 3162 are integrated to form the excitation relay 3165.

[0188] The excitation relay 3165 is an integration of the fuse 3161 and the main positive relay 3162. The fuse 3161 and the main positive relay 3162 can be located within the same housing, for example, the main positive relay 3162 and the fuse 3161 can be located within the first housing 3167. Alternatively, the main positive relay 3162 and the fuse 3161 can be connected to form a single unit, for example, the housing of the main positive relay 3162 can be fixedly connected to the first housing 3167, for example, by means of snap-fit, bolts, or adhesive.

[0189] In some cases, the electrical components within the power distribution unit 300 are numerous and their installation locations are relatively dispersed, resulting in a large size for the power distribution unit 300. As the power density requirements of the battery device 1100 increase, the space available for arranging the power distribution unit 300 within the battery device 1100 becomes increasingly smaller. Integrating the fuse 3161 and the main positive relay 3162 into an excitation relay 3165 helps to improve the integration level of the electrical components within the power distribution unit 300, reducing its size and cost, and also facilitates compatibility with the high power density requirements of the battery device 1100.

[0190] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the fuse 3161 and the main positive relay 3162 are integrated, which is beneficial to improve the integration level of electrical components in the power distribution device 300, reduce the size and cost of the power distribution device 300, and also to adapt to the high power density requirements of the battery device 1100.

[0191] In some embodiments, the disconnection device 320 is integrated with the excitation relay 3165.

[0192] In some examples, the disconnecting device 320 and the excitation relay 3165 are connected as a whole, and the disconnecting device 320 and the excitation relay 3165 can be fixedly connected by means of snap-fit, bolt, adhesive or other methods.

[0193] In some examples, the disconnecting device 320 is located within the first housing 3167 to be integrated into the excitation relay 3165.

[0194] For example, the disconnecting device 320 and the fuse 3161 are located inside the first housing 3167, the main positive relay 3162 is located on the side of the first housing 3167 facing away from the positive input terminal 311, the first connecting section 31631 extends out of the first housing 3167 from the side wall of the first housing 3167 and overlaps the first end of the main positive relay 3162, the housing of the main positive relay 3162 is provided with a retaining rib 3166, the retaining rib 3166 is provided between the first connecting section 31631 and the second end of the main positive relay 3162, so as to increase the electrical clearance and creepage distance between the first connecting section 31631 and the second end of the main positive relay 3162.

[0195] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the disconnection device 320 is integrated with the excitation relay 3165, which is beneficial to improve the integration level of electrical components in the power distribution device 300, reduce the size and cost of the power distribution device 300, and also facilitates compatibility with the high power density requirements of the battery device 1100.

[0196] See Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, in some embodiments, the power distribution device 300 includes a charging relay 3171, a positive charging terminal 3172, and a negative charging terminal 3173. The positive circuit 316 is electrically connected to the positive output terminal 313 and the positive charging terminal 3172. The negative charging terminal 3173 is electrically connected to the negative output terminal 314 and the negative circuit 315. The charging relay 3171 is located in the circuit between the positive charging terminal 3172 and the positive circuit 316.

[0197] The positive charging terminal 3172 is the interface through which the power distribution device 300 establishes an electrical connection with the positive terminal of the external charging interface 500. The connection position of the positive charging terminal 3172 is located at the connection end of the positive circuit 316 and the positive output terminal 313, so that the positive charging circuit and the positive output circuit can form a parallel structure.

[0198] The negative charging terminal 3173 is the interface through which the power distribution device 300 establishes an electrical connection with the negative terminal of the external charging interface 500. The connection position of the negative charging terminal 3173 is located at the connection end of the negative circuit 315 and the negative output terminal 314, so that the negative charging circuit and the negative output circuit can form a parallel structure.

[0199] The positive charging circuit and the positive output circuit can form a parallel structure, and the negative charging circuit and the negative output circuit can form a parallel structure, so that the charging interface 500 can charge the power supply terminal through the positive circuit 316 and the negative circuit 315, and the positive circuit 316 and the negative circuit 315 can also supply power to the power consumption terminal.

[0200] The charging relay 3171 is a switching element of the charging circuit. It is connected in series between the positive charging terminal 3172 and the positive circuit 316 to control the on / off state of the charging circuit. This relay can be an electromagnetic relay, a solid-state relay, or other types.

[0201] Under power supply conditions, electrical energy from the power supply end flows to the power consumption end through the positive circuit 316 and the negative circuit 315, and the charging relay 3171 is in the open state, with no current flowing in the charging circuit.

[0202] During charging, the charging relay 3171 is in the connected state, and the charging circuit is connected to the positive circuit 316 and the negative circuit 315. The external charging device charges the power supply terminal through the charging relay 3171, the positive circuit 316 and the negative circuit 315.

[0203] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the power distribution device 300 integrates a charging device, which can meet the charging needs.

[0204] In some embodiments, the power distribution circuit 310 further includes a pre-charging circuit connected in parallel with the positive circuit 316. The pre-charging circuit includes a pre-charging resistor 3191 and a pre-charging relay 3192 connected in series. The first end of the pre-charging resistor 3191 is electrically connected to the positive input terminal 311, and the second end of the pre-charging resistor 3191 is electrically connected to the first end of the pre-charging relay 3192. The second end of the pre-charging relay 3192 is electrically connected to the end of the positive circuit 316 used for electrical connection with the positive output terminal 313. The pre-charging circuit can limit the inrush current at the moment of power-on of the power distribution circuit 310, reduce the damage to the electrical components in the power distribution device 300, and enable the power distribution circuit 310 to be powered on smoothly.

[0205] In some embodiments, the negative circuit 315 has a current detection element 3151 and a main negative relay 3152. The main negative relay 3152 is electrically connected between the negative output terminal 314 and the negative input terminal 312. The current detection element 3151 is used to detect the current of the negative circuit 315.

[0206] The current sensing element 3151 is a real-time current sensing element of the negative circuit 315. The current sensing element 3151 can be a shunt, a Hall current sensor, or other types. The current sensing element 3151 can output a current signal to provide data support for the determination of abnormal current.

[0207] The main negative relay 3152 is the switching element of the negative circuit 315, which controls the on / off state of the negative circuit 315. The first terminal of the main negative relay 3152 is electrically connected to the negative input terminal 312, and the second terminal of the main negative relay 3152 is electrically connected to the negative output terminal 314 and the negative charging terminal 3173. By switching the main negative relay 3152 on and off, the on / off state of the negative circuit 315 is controlled.

[0208] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the current detection element 3151 is located on the negative circuit 315 at a low potential. The insulation protection performance requirements of the current detection element 3151 are low, which allows the selection of a lower-cost current detection element 3151, which helps to reduce the overall hardware cost of the power distribution device 300.

[0209] In some embodiments, the power distribution circuit 310 further includes a third electrical connector 3181 and a fourth electrical connector 3182. One end of the third electrical connector 3181 is connected to the second end of the main positive relay 3162, and the other end of the third electrical connector 3181 is electrically connected to the first end of the charging relay 3171. The third electrical connector 3181 has a protruding structure in the middle, which forms a positive output terminal 313. The second end of the charging relay 3171 is electrically connected to one end of the fourth electrical connector 3182, and the other end of the fourth electrical connector 3182 directly forms a positive charging terminal 3172. The third electrical connector 3181 and the fourth electrical connector 3182 can be components such as wires or copper busbars. By utilizing the third electrical connector 3181 and the fourth electrical connector 3182, the electrical connection between the charging relay 3171 and the main positive relay 3162 can be realized. At the same time, the positive charging terminal 3172 and the positive output terminal 313 can also be formed, which can simplify the wiring within the power distribution device 300 and reduce the manufacturing cost of the power distribution device 300.

[0210] In some embodiments, the negative circuit 315 further includes a fifth electrical connector 3153 and a sixth electrical connector 3154. One end of the fifth electrical connector 3153 is connected to the first end of the main negative relay 3152, and the other end of the fifth electrical connector 3153 forms a negative input terminal 312. A current detection element 3151 is used to detect the current in the fifth electrical connector 3153 to obtain the current of the negative circuit 315. One end of the sixth electrical connector 3154 is electrically connected to the second end of the main negative relay 3152, and the other end of the sixth electrical connector 3154 extends to the positive output terminal 313 to form a negative output terminal 314. Thus, the positive output terminal 313 and the negative output terminal 314 are located in the same position, which facilitates electrical connection with the power system of the electrical device. The sixth electrical connector 3154 forms a negative charging terminal 3173 at the position of the positive charging terminal 3172, which facilitates electrical connection with the charging interface 500.

[0211] In some embodiments, the power distribution device 300 includes a battery management device 340, and the power distribution circuit 310 has a current detection element 3151 for detecting the current of the power distribution circuit 310. The current detection element 3151 and the disconnection device 320 are electrically connected to the battery management device 340. The battery management device 340 can obtain the current of the power distribution circuit 310 detected by the current detection element 3151, and can control the disconnection device 320 to operate in order to disconnect the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315 when the current of the power distribution circuit 310 is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit 310 and the current of the power distribution circuit 310 does not reach the melting condition of the fuse 3161.

[0212] The battery management device 340 is the control unit of the power distribution device 300 and can adapt to the operating conditions of the power supply system of the battery device 1100. The battery management device 340 has the ability to receive signals, judge data, and output commands. The battery management device 340 can also be called a battery management system (BMS). The battery management system includes a BMU circuit board.

[0213] The current sensing element 3151 is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the battery management device 340 for transmitting real-time current detection data; the disconnection device 320 is electrically connected to the control output terminal of the battery management device 340 for receiving action control commands. The current sensing element 3151 is provided in the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315.

[0214] In some examples, the battery management device 340 receives current data from the power distribution circuit 310 transmitted by the current detection device 3151 in real time and judges the current of the power distribution circuit 310. If the current is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit 310, but the current does not reach the blowing condition of the fuse 3161, it is determined that the fuse 3161 cannot respond. At this time, the battery management device 340 sends a command to the disconnecting device 320 (e.g., ignition tube 3221), and the disconnecting device 320 operates, thereby disconnecting the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315. Alternatively, when the current reaches the blowing condition of the fuse 3161, the battery management device 340 can also send a command to the disconnecting device 320, and the disconnecting device 320 operates, thereby disconnecting the positive circuit 316 and / or the negative circuit 315.

[0215] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the control of the battery management device 340 is more intelligent and accurate, reducing the risk of false triggering of the disconnection device 320, enabling the protection action to be executed accurately in fault scenarios, and improving the operational stability of the power distribution device 300.

[0216] In some embodiments, the circuit between the main positive relay 3162 and the positive input terminal 311 is provided with a first voltage sampling point V1, the circuit between the fuse 3161 and the positive output terminal 313 is provided with a second voltage sampling point V2, and the circuit between the charging relay 3171 and the positive charging terminal 3172 is provided with a third voltage sampling point V3. The voltage status of the power distribution circuit 310 is understood through the design of the first voltage sampling point V1, the second voltage sampling point V2, and the third voltage sampling point V3.

[0217] In some embodiments, the power distribution device 300 further includes a housing 330. An excitation relay 3165, a charging relay 3171, a main negative relay 3152, a pre-charging resistor 3191, and a pre-charge relay 3192 are located within the housing 330. The excitation relay 3165, charging relay 3171, and main negative relay 3152 are sequentially spaced along the length of the power distribution device 300. The pre-charging resistor 3191 is located between the main negative relay 3152 and the charging relay 3171. The pre-charge relay 3192 is located between the excitation relay 3165 and the charging relay 3171. The positive charging terminal 3172 and the negative charging terminal 3173 are located between the main negative relay 3152 and the charging relay 3171. The positive output terminal 313 and the negative output terminal 314 are located between the excitation relay 3165 and the charging relay 3171, while the positive input terminal 311 and the negative input terminal 312 are located at both ends of the housing 330 along its own length. This arrangement helps to improve the structural compactness of the power distribution device 300 and reduce its volume. In addition, the setting of the excitation relay 3165 helps to shorten the first electrical connection 3163, reduce the material cost of the power distribution device 300, and improve the integration level of the power distribution device 300. The distribution of the main positive relay 3162 and the fuse 3161 along the length of the power distribution device 300 also helps to save the space occupied by the power distribution device 300 along its own length.

[0218] In some embodiments, the excitation relay 3165, the charging relay 3171, the main negative relay 3152, the pre-charging resistor 3191, and the pre-charging relay 3192 can be fixed inside the housing 330 by bolt fastening. The fixing method is simple and facilitates the assembly of the power distribution device 300.

[0219] In some embodiments, the housing 330 is provided with a first protective cover 331 and a second protective cover 332. The first protective cover 331 covers the positive output terminal 313 and the negative output terminal 314 to protect the positive output terminal 313 and the negative output terminal 314. The second protective cover 332 covers the positive charging terminal 3172 and the negative charging terminal 3173 to protect the positive charging terminal 3172 and the negative charging terminal 3173.

[0220] In some embodiments, the battery device 1100 includes a battery cell assembly 100 and the aforementioned power distribution device 300. The battery cell assembly 100 has a positive main terminal and a negative main terminal. The positive main terminal is electrically connected to the positive input terminal 311, and the negative main terminal is electrically connected to the negative input terminal 312.

[0221] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the power distribution device 300 can be fully protected, which is beneficial to improving the operational reliability and stability of the battery device 1100.

[0222] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes the battery device 1100 described above.

[0223] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the battery device 1100 has good operational reliability and stability, which is conducive to improving the reliability of the electrical device.

[0224] In some embodiments, the power distribution device 300 includes a power distribution circuit 310 and a battery management device 340; the power distribution circuit 310 includes a positive input terminal 311, a negative input terminal 312, a positive output terminal 313, a negative output terminal 314, a negative circuit 315, and a positive circuit 316; the positive circuit 316 includes an excitation relay 3165, and the excitation relay 3165 includes a first electrical connector 3163, a main positive relay 3162, a fuse 3161, and a disconnection device 32. 0. A first housing 3167 and a second electrical connector 3164; a fuse 3161 and a disconnecting device 320 are disposed within the first housing 3167. The first electrical connector 3163 includes a first connecting section 31631 and a second connecting section 31632 connected together. The first connecting section 31631 is located outside the first housing 3167 and is electrically connected to the first terminal of the main positive relay 3162; the second connecting section 31632 is located inside the first housing 3167 and is electrically connected to the first terminal of the fuse 3161. One end of the second electrical connector 3164 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the fuse 3161, and the second electrical connector 3164 extends outside the first housing 3167 and forms a positive input terminal 311. The main positive relay 3162 is fixed to the side of the first housing 3167 opposite to the positive input terminal 311.

[0225] The negative circuit 315 includes a current detection element 3151 and a main negative relay 3152. The first end of the main negative relay 3152 is electrically connected to the negative input terminal 312, and the second end of the main negative relay 3152 is electrically connected to the negative output terminal 314. The current detection element 3151 is used to detect the current of the negative circuit 315.

[0226] The disconnection device 320 includes an ignition tube 3221 and a nail 3231. The nail 3231 is located between the second connecting section 31632 and the ignition tube 3221. The ignition tube 3221 and the current detection element 3151 are both electrically connected to the battery management device 340. The battery management device 340 can obtain the current of the power distribution circuit 310 detected by the current detection element 3151. When the current of the power distribution circuit 310 is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit 310 and the current of the power distribution circuit 310 does not reach the melting condition of the fuse 3161, the battery management device 340 can send a command to the ignition tube 3221 to detonate the ignition tube 3221, thereby pushing the nail 3231 to break the second connecting section 31632 and disconnect the positive circuit 316. The battery management device 340 can also send a command to the ignition tube 3221 to detonate the ignition tube 3221 when the current in the power distribution circuit 310 reaches the melting condition of the fuse 3161, thereby pushing the nail 3231 to break the second connection section 31632 and disconnecting the positive circuit 316.

[0227] The description of the various embodiments above tends to emphasize the differences between the various embodiments. The similarities or similarities between them can be referred to, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0228] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A power distribution device, characterized by, Includes power distribution circuits and disconnection devices; The power distribution circuit includes a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, a positive output terminal, a negative output terminal, a negative circuit, and a positive circuit. The negative circuit is electrically connected between the negative input terminal and the negative output terminal. The positive circuit is electrically connected between the positive input terminal and the positive output terminal. The positive circuit has a fuse. The disconnecting device is used to disconnect the positive circuit and / or the negative circuit when the current in the power distribution circuit is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit and the current in the power distribution circuit does not reach the melting condition of the fuse.

2. The power distribution device of claim 1, wherein: The disconnecting device is used to disconnect the positive circuit and / or the negative circuit when the current in the power distribution circuit is less than the minimum fusing current of the fuse.

3. The power distribution device of claim 1, wherein: The disconnecting device is used to disconnect the positive circuit and / or the negative circuit when the current in the power distribution circuit is greater than or equal to the minimum fusing current of the fuse, and the duration of the current in the power distribution circuit is less than the fusing time of the fuse corresponding to the current in the power distribution circuit.

4. The power distribution device of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: The disconnecting device is used to disconnect the positive circuit and / or the negative circuit when the current in the power distribution circuit reaches the melting condition of the fuse.

5. The power distribution device of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: The disconnection device includes an explosive device for detonation, thereby disconnecting the positive circuit and / or the negative circuit.

6. The power distribution device of claim 5, wherein: The explosive device includes an initiation mechanism and a mechanical circuit breaker mechanism. The initiation mechanism is used to detonate the explosive, thereby driving the mechanical circuit breaker mechanism to operate and thus interrupt the positive circuit and / or the negative circuit.

7. The power distribution device of claim 6, wherein: The detonation mechanism includes an ignition tube, which is used to ignite the explosion, thereby driving the mechanical circuit breaker mechanism to operate.

8. The power distribution device of claim 6, wherein: The mechanical circuit breaker mechanism includes a nail, which is moved under the force of the explosion generated by the detonation of the detonation mechanism, thereby breaking the positive circuit and / or the negative circuit.

9. The power distribution device of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: The positive circuit has a main positive relay connected in series with the fuse. The disconnecting device is used to disconnect the electrical connection between the main positive relay and the fuse when the current in the power distribution circuit is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit and the current in the power distribution circuit does not reach the melting condition of the fuse.

10. The power distribution device of claim 9, wherein: The positive circuit includes a first electrical connector, which is electrically connected between the main positive relay and the fuse. The disconnecting device is used to disconnect the first electrical connector when the current in the power distribution circuit is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit and the current in the power distribution circuit does not reach the melting condition of the fuse.

11. The power distribution device of claim 10, wherein: The power distribution device includes a first housing, and the disconnecting device and the fuse are located inside the first housing.

12. The power distribution device of claim 11, wherein: The first electrical connector includes a first connecting segment and a second connecting segment connected to each other. The first connecting segment is located outside the first housing and is electrically connected to the main positive relay. The second connecting segment is located inside the first housing and is electrically connected to the fuse. The disconnecting device is used to disconnect the second connecting segment when the current in the power distribution circuit is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit and the current in the power distribution circuit does not reach the melting condition of the fuse.

13. The power distribution device of claim 9, wherein: The fuse and the main positive relay are integrated to form an excitation relay.

14. The power distribution device of claim 13, wherein: The disconnection device is integrated with the excitation relay.

15. The power distribution device of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: The power distribution device includes a charging relay, a positive charging terminal and a negative charging terminal. The end of the positive circuit that is electrically connected to the positive output terminal is electrically connected to the positive charging terminal. The end of the negative charging terminal that is electrically connected to the negative output terminal is electrically connected to the negative circuit. The charging relay is located in the circuit between the positive charging terminal and the positive circuit.

16. The power distribution device of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: The negative circuit includes a current detection element and a main negative relay. The main negative relay is electrically connected between the negative output terminal and the negative input terminal. The current detection element is used to detect the current in the negative circuit.

17. The power distribution device of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: The power distribution device includes a battery management device. The power distribution circuit has a current detection element for detecting the current of the power distribution circuit. The current detection element and the disconnection device are electrically connected to the battery management device. The battery management device can acquire the current of the power distribution circuit detected by the current detection element and can control the disconnection device to operate to disconnect the positive circuit and / or the negative circuit when the current of the power distribution circuit is greater than the operating current of the power distribution circuit and the current of the power distribution circuit does not reach the melting condition of the fuse.

18. A battery device, characterized by: The device includes a battery cell assembly and a power distribution device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the battery cell assembly has a positive main terminal and a negative main terminal, the positive main terminal being electrically connected to the positive input terminal, and the negative main terminal being electrically connected to the negative input terminal.

19. An electrical device, comprising: Includes the battery device as described in claim 18.

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