Battery module

Abstract

The utility model discloses a battery module which comprises a shell, a sealing structure, a battery core assembly and immersion liquid, the shell comprises a shell body and a cover body, the cover body covers the shell body, the sealing structure is clamped between the shell body and the cover body, a first accommodating cavity is defined between the sealing structure and the shell body, a second accommodating cavity is defined between the sealing structure and the cover body, and the immersion liquid is arranged in the second accommodating cavity. The cover body is provided with a communication port, the communication port is communicated with the second accommodating cavity and the outside, the battery cell assembly is arranged in the first accommodating cavity, and the first accommodating cavity is filled with the immersion liquid, so that the technical problem of how to relieve the damage of the internal structure of the battery in a deep sea high-pressure environment is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery module. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy technologies, battery modules, as the core component of energy storage systems, are widely used in underwater operational equipment such as marine exploration and deep-sea submersibles. In the deep-sea environment, due to the enormous pressure of seawater, the equipment structure must have good sealing and pressure resistance to ensure the safe and stable operation of internal components.

[0003] Most existing battery modules are designed for conventional environments, and their structure and sealing methods do not fully consider the long-term stability under extreme high-pressure environments. When battery modules are deployed in deep-sea environments, external high pressure can be conducted to the inside of the battery through the module shell or structural gaps, which can easily cause deformation of the internal structure of the module, loosening of the connection parts, or even failure of the seal. This can lead to problems such as cell swelling, leakage, and performance degradation, and in severe cases, it may even cause safety accidents.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technical solution that can effectively protect the structural integrity and functional reliability of battery modules in the high-pressure environment of the deep sea, so as to improve their working life and safety in extreme environments. Utility Model Content

[0005] One objective of this invention is to provide a battery module that addresses the technical problem of mitigating damage to the internal structure of a battery under high-pressure conditions in the deep sea.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a solution as follows: a battery module, comprising a housing, including a shell body and a cover body, the cover body sealing the shell body; a sealing structure sandwiched between the shell body and the cover body, forming a first receiving cavity between the sealing structure and the shell body, and forming a second receiving cavity between the sealing structure and the cover body, the cover body having a connecting opening connecting the second receiving cavity to the outside; a battery cell assembly disposed within the first receiving cavity; and an immersion liquid filling the first receiving cavity.

[0007] Optionally, the sealing structure includes a fixing part and an adjusting part. The fixing part is sandwiched between the shell and the cover, and the adjusting part is connected to the fixing part. The adjusting part protrudes into the first receiving cavity or the second receiving cavity relative to the fixing part.

[0008] Optionally, the area S1 of the adjusting part and the area S2 of the fixing part satisfy: 0.8(S1+S2)≤S1≤0.9(S1+S2).

[0009] Optionally, the adjusting part and the cover are spaced apart in the protruding direction of the adjusting part.

[0010] Optionally, in the protruding direction of the adjusting part, the distance between the adjusting part and the fixing part is H, and the distance between the adjusting part and the cover is G, where H≤0.9G.

[0011] Optionally, the sealing structure may be made of polymer materials or metal alloys with shape memory properties.

[0012] Optionally, the battery module also includes a protective baffle, which is disposed in the second receiving cavity, and a through clearance hole is provided on the protective baffle at the position corresponding to the connecting hole.

[0013] Optionally, the protective baffle has multiple through holes that penetrate the protective baffle and are evenly distributed on the protective baffle.

[0014] Optionally, the battery module also includes an air valve, and the sealing structure has an exhaust port, which is sealed by the air valve cover.

[0015] Optionally, the shell includes a first extension portion, the cover includes a second extension portion, the first extension portion and the second extension portion clamp a sealing structure, and the first extension portion and the second extension portion are provided with fixing holes for fixing the sealing structure.

[0016] Optionally, the shell is provided with a liquid inlet, which connects the first receiving cavity to the outside.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0018] Compared to existing technologies, this application achieves dynamic pressure balance by setting up a second externally connected cavity and a first cavity filled with immersion liquid, and utilizing a sealed structure to transmit pressure. This avoids the problem of localized stress concentration in the casing caused by excessive pressure difference between the inside and outside in traditional structures, fundamentally alleviating the mechanical impact and structural damage to the battery cell assembly caused by high-pressure environments. Simultaneously, the pressure conduction characteristics of the sealed structure and the fluid response performance of the immersion liquid work together to ensure that the battery cell is always in a stable working environment with uniform stress and controllable temperature, effectively improving the structural stability, sealing reliability, and service life of the battery module under deep-sea high-pressure environments. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the battery module provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the battery module provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the battery module provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the battery module in another state provided in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional view of another battery module provided in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the protective partition provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0027] Figure 8 This is provided by the embodiment of the present utility model. Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of region A in the middle.

[0028] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0029] 10. Shell; 11. Shell body; 111. First extension; 112. Liquid inlet; 12. Cover; 121. Second extension; 121. Connecting port; 13. First receiving cavity; 14. Second receiving cavity; 15. Fixing hole; 20. Battery cell assembly; 30. Sealing assembly; 31. Adjustment part; 32. Fixing part; 33. Vent hole; 40. Protective partition; 41. Clearance hole; 42. Through hole; 50. Air valve. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0031] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in this utility model embodiment are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0032] It should also be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or may be connected to an intermediary component. When a component is referred to as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or indirectly connected to the other component through an intermediary component.

[0033] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the battery module provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the battery module provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0034] This utility model provides a battery module that aims to effectively alleviate the problem of easy damage to the internal structure of traditional battery modules under extreme pressure conditions, and improve the stability and operational reliability of the cell assembly 20.

[0035] The battery module includes a housing 10, a sealing structure, a cell assembly 20, and an immersion liquid. The housing 10 includes a body 11 and a cover 12, with the cover 12 sealing the opening of the body 11. The sealing structure is disposed between the body 11 and the cover 12, forming a partition that divides the internal space of the housing 10 into two independent cavities. Specifically, the sealing structure and the body 11 together form a first cavity 13, and the sealing structure and the cover 12 together form a second cavity 14. The cover 12 has a communication opening 121, which allows fluid communication between the second cavity 14 and the external environment of the housing 10.

[0036] The battery cell assembly 20 is disposed within the first receiving cavity 13 and is completely immersed in the immersion fluid filling the cavity. This immersion fluid has excellent electrical insulation and thermal conductivity, serving both as a protective medium and aiding in heat dissipation. In the high-pressure environment of the deep sea, the connecting port 121 allows seawater to freely enter the second receiving cavity 14, thereby maintaining the pressure within this cavity consistent with the external deep-sea environment.

[0037] In this embodiment, when the battery module is deployed in the deep sea, the water pressure of the external environment rises rapidly and enters the second receiving cavity 14 through the communication port 121 on the cover 12, causing the cavity to quickly fill with seawater. Since the communication port 121 maintains fluid communication with the outside, the second receiving cavity 14 is always at the same pressure state as the deep sea environment, thus preventing the formation of additional structural pressure differences.

[0038] Meanwhile, the first receiving cavity 13 is pre-filled with a high-density insulating impregnation fluid, possessing good compressibility and fluid response capabilities. Under the pressure of deep sea, the sealing structure indirectly transmits the seawater pressure in the second receiving cavity 14 to the impregnation fluid in the first receiving cavity 13 through its own structure, gradually bringing the internal pressure of the first receiving cavity 13 closer to equal that of the second receiving cavity 14. Since the pressure between the two cavities reaches dynamic equilibrium through the sealing structure, no drastic pressure difference changes occur inside the shell 10, and the overall structure no longer bears concentrated stress, thereby significantly reducing the mechanical impact on the battery cell assembly 20.

[0039] Further, please refer to Figures 3 to 5 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the battery module provided in an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the battery module in another state according to an embodiment of the present invention. To enhance the adaptability of the battery module in complex deep-sea environments, the sealing structure specifically includes a fixing part 32 and an adjusting part 31 to achieve elastic adjustment. The fixing part 32 is disposed between the shell 11 and the cover 12, and is used to achieve stable positioning and basic sealing of the sealing structure inside the battery module, ensuring good structural separation and sealing between the two cavities. The fixing part 32 is typically made of a sealing material with a certain degree of rigidity to ensure long-term structural stability under deep-sea high pressure.

[0040] The adjusting part 31 is connected to the fixing part 32 and has a certain deformation capability. In its initial state, it can be flush with the fixing part 32 or slightly protrude from the fixing part 32. Under the action of changes in external environmental pressure, the adjusting part 31 can undergo a convex deformation in the direction of the first receiving cavity 13 or the second receiving cavity 14. That is, its structural shape can be dynamically adjusted according to the change in pressure difference between the two cavities, thereby realizing fine adjustment of the internal volume of the first receiving cavity 13.

[0041] When the battery module operates in a deep-sea environment and the external pressure changes, such as a sudden increase in seawater pressure, the second receiving cavity 14 responds rapidly to the external pressure change due to the action of the connecting port 121. If the internal pressure of the first receiving cavity 13 lags behind that of the second receiving cavity 14, the adjusting part 31 will elastically bulge towards the first receiving cavity 13 under the action of the pressure difference, appropriately compressing the volume of that cavity and increasing the internal pressure so that it quickly approaches the pressure of the second receiving cavity 14. Conversely, when the pressure in the first receiving cavity 13 is higher, the adjusting part 31 will bulge towards the second receiving cavity 14, achieving volume and pressure release and preventing overpressure within the cavity.

[0042] Through the aforementioned mechanism, the regulating unit 31, without relying on external mechanical structures or control systems, can automatically adjust and balance the pressure between the first receiving cavity 13 and the second receiving cavity 14 solely based on the elastic response capability of the material itself. This effectively counteracts internal pressure fluctuations caused by pressure fluctuations in the deep-sea environment. This not only enhances the battery module's pressure resistance and structural stability but also strengthens its adaptability and passive protection capabilities in high-pressure environments, helping to extend the module's service life and improve the overall reliability of the system.

[0043] In some preferred embodiments, the area ratio between the adjusting part 31 and the fixing part 32 is strictly set to improve the response sensitivity and adjustment effect of the sealing structure under high pressure. Specifically, the effective working area of ​​the adjusting part 31 is denoted as S1, and the area of ​​the fixing part 32 is denoted as S2. The two satisfy the following relationship: 0.8(S1+S2)≤S1≤0.9(S1+S2). That is, the area of ​​the adjusting part 31 accounts for 80% to 90% of the total area of ​​the sealing structure (including the total area of ​​the adjusting part 31 and the fixing part 32).

[0044] The area limitation aims to achieve a reasonable balance between structural strength and adjustment sensitivity. A larger adjustment area helps improve its response to external pressure, enabling it to generate sufficient deformation even with a small pressure difference, thereby adjusting the volume of the first receiving cavity 13 more quickly and achieving dynamic balance between internal and external pressures. However, if the area of ​​the adjustment part 31 is too large, it may affect the mechanical strength and stability of the overall sealing structure, increasing the risk of deformation fatigue. Conversely, if the adjustment area is too small, it may lead to a slow adjustment effect, making it unable to respond promptly to frequent pressure fluctuations in a high-pressure environment.

[0045] Therefore, by controlling the area of ​​the adjustment section 31 to between 80% and 90% of the total area, it is possible to ensure that the sealing structure has good elastic response performance and also take into account the structural reliability under long-term use. This enables the battery module to maintain the working environment of the cell assembly 20 more stably in extreme environments such as deep sea, effectively improving the module's pressure resistance and service life.

[0046] Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments of this utility model, in order to ensure that the adjustment part 31 has sufficient deformation space in a high-pressure environment, the adjustment part 31 is spaced apart from the cover 12 in its protruding direction, that is, a certain gap space is always reserved between the outer surface of the adjustment part 31 and the inner surface of the cover 12, and the two do not directly contact each other.

[0047] On the one hand, the gap provides room for the elastic deformation of the adjustment part 31, allowing it to bulge freely in the direction of the second receiving cavity 14 or the first receiving cavity 13 when driven by a pressure difference, without being physically restricted by the cover 12. This non-contact structure effectively prevents the adjustment part 31 from deforming and failing due to collision or restriction during sudden pressure changes, ensuring the continuity and reliability of its adjustment function.

[0048] On the other hand, the existence of the gap also avoids problems such as friction and wear and material fatigue caused by prolonged contact between the adjustment part 31 and the cover 12, thereby extending the service life of the entire sealing structure. Especially in the deep sea environment, the pressure changes frequently and significantly. If there is no reserved gap, the adjustment part 31 is very likely to mechanically interfere with the cover 12 during repeated deformation, affecting its flexibility and even causing fatigue cracking, thereby endangering the safety of the battery cell assembly 20.

[0049] In some preferred embodiments, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the battery module provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Specifically, the movement space of the adjusting part 31 in the protruding direction is limited to avoid excessive deformation or contact interference with the cover 12 during the protrusion process, thereby improving the stability and safety of the structure. Specifically, let H be the distance between the adjusting part 31 and the fixing part 32, that is, the maximum possible protrusion height of the adjusting part 31 under pressure; let G be the distance between the adjusting part 31 and the cover 12, that is, the maximum depth of the second receiving cavity 14 in this direction. The two satisfy the following relationship: H≤0.9G. That is, the highest protrusion height of the adjusting part 31 in the maximum deformation state does not exceed 90% of the preset gap between the cover 12 and the adjusting part 31.

[0050] By limiting the maximum deformation of the adjusting part 31, it is prevented from directly contacting the cover 12 due to excessive protrusion in extremely high-pressure environments, thus preventing elastic failure, material wear, or deformation obstruction caused by contact and collision. Simultaneously, it ensures that the adjusting part 31 is always in a free-moving state, capable of sensitively responding to pressure fluctuations and quickly returning to its initial shape, guaranteeing the continuous effectiveness of the adjusting function. This setting provides a 10% safety buffer space, ensuring that even in the event of manufacturing errors, tolerance deviations, or sudden changes in local pressure, the adjusting part 31 is unlikely to make actual contact with the cover 12, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the entire sealing structure to unpredictable operating conditions and improving the module's fatigue resistance.

[0051] In some preferred embodiments, the sealing structure is made of a polymer material or metal alloy with shape memory properties. Shape memory materials have a unique "stress response-shape recovery" characteristic, meaning that they can undergo reversible shape changes under specific external conditions (such as temperature, pressure, or electric field) and automatically recover their original shape after the conditions are removed.

[0052] Applying the aforementioned materials to the sealing structure, particularly to the regulating unit 31, significantly improves its response accuracy, deformation controllability, and recovery capability under pressure cycling. For example, under deep-sea high pressure, the regulating unit 31 can undergo controlled deformation under pressure and automatically return to its initial state after external pressure changes or is released, relying on its shape memory effect. This allows for repeated use without performance degradation. This is a significant advantage for subsea equipment that requires long-term deployment and cannot be frequently maintained.

[0053] Furthermore, shape memory materials exhibit excellent hysteresis energy absorption characteristics in stress transmission and buffering, effectively mitigating the impact of sudden environmental pressure changes on the battery cell assembly 20, further enhancing the safety and adaptability of the battery module. Especially under conditions such as dynamic water depth changes and high-frequency differential pressure disturbances, these materials demonstrate significantly better adjustment stability and structural durability than ordinary elastic materials.

[0054] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional view of another battery module provided in this embodiment of the present invention. The battery module also includes a protective baffle, which is disposed in the second receiving cavity 14, specifically installed near the inner surface of the cover 12, to provide physical protection for the adjustment part 31.

[0055] The protective baffle is a plate-shaped structure, spaced apart from the cover 12, and its size and shape are optimized according to the geometry of the second receiving cavity 14 so as not to interfere with the free deformation of the adjustment part 31. To ensure that the second receiving cavity 14 can communicate normally with the outside seawater, and to prevent the protective baffle from blocking the communication port 121 and causing fluid blockage, the protective baffle is provided with a clearance hole 41 at the position corresponding to the communication port 121. The clearance hole 41 is formed through the protective baffle along the thickness direction.

[0056] The protective baffle not only effectively prevents large solid particles or marine organisms from directly entering the second containment chamber 14 and interfering with the normal operation of the regulating unit 31, but also plays a partial buffering role when the pressure changes drastically, protecting the regulating unit 31 and the sealing structure from being directly impacted by strong water flow, thereby extending their service life and enhancing the overall machine's anti-interference ability.

[0057] Further, please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the protective baffle 40 provided in this embodiment of the utility model. In order to enhance the fluid permeability of the protective baffle and improve the rapid balancing ability of the fluid inside and outside the second receiving cavity 14 without affecting its protective function, the protective baffle is provided with a plurality of through holes 42. The plurality of through holes 42 are formed through the thickness direction of the protective baffle and are evenly distributed on the entire surface of the protective baffle.

[0058] Specifically, the multiple through holes 42 can be circular, elliptical, or polygonal. The diameter of the through holes 42 is parametrically designed based on the external seawater flow velocity and the flow rate requirement of the connecting port 121, ensuring that each through hole 42 can pass through a certain volume of seawater per unit time. This ensures that the second receiving cavity 14 can be filled with seawater in the first instance, achieving rapid synchronization with the external pressure. At the same time, the uniform arrangement of the through holes 42 helps to form a stable and balanced fluid flow path throughout the entire protective baffle area, avoiding excessively high or low flow velocities in local areas, thereby reducing adverse conditions such as eddies, scouring, or abnormal local pressure differences.

[0059] Furthermore, the uniformly distributed through holes 42 also possess a certain pressure-reducing and diffusion effect, which can disperse the kinetic energy of the water flow when seawater enters the second receiving cavity 14 through the protective baffle, reducing its direct impact force on the regulating part 31. This indirectly extends the service life of the regulating part 31 and the sealing structure, improving the stability and reliability of the system. In practical applications, the size and number of through holes 42 can be adjusted according to the volume of the second receiving cavity 14, the response rate of the regulating part 31, and the maximum diving depth of the target application. For example, in a 5000-meter deep-sea operating environment, it is recommended that the diameter of the through holes 42 be set in the range of 3mm to 8mm, with a number of no less than 50, to ensure sufficient total flow area and pressure balance efficiency.

[0060] In some preferred embodiments, the battery module further includes a gas valve 50. The gas valve 50 is disposed on a sealing structure, and a vent 33 is provided at a corresponding position on the sealing structure. The gas valve 50 is installed at the vent 33 and sealed to controllably discharge gas from the first receiving cavity 13, thereby achieving complete filling of the liquid space and rapid equilibrium of the internal pressure.

[0061] The air valve 50 is preferably an automatic air venting valve 50 with one-way conduction function or a manually controlled air venting valve 50. When the first receiving cavity 13 is filled with liquid, if air or other gaseous components are not discharged in time, air resistance can easily form, preventing the immersion liquid from completely filling the cavity. This affects the coating and cooling effect of the battery cell assembly 20, and may even cause uneven force fields due to the compression or aggregation of air bubbles in the high-pressure environment of the deep sea, thereby damaging the surface or structure of the battery cell. Therefore, by setting the air valve 50, the cavity can be vented before filling or submerging, ensuring a pure and stable internal environment of the first receiving cavity 13. In practical applications, the air valve 50 can be located in the upper region of the first receiving cavity 13, so that under the action of natural gravity or pressure, gas can preferentially accumulate at the top and be discharged smoothly through the air valve 50.

[0062] Further, please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is provided by the embodiment of the present utility model. Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of region A. In some preferred embodiments of this utility model, to enhance the installation stability and sealing reliability of the sealing structure in a high-pressure environment, the shell 11 and the cover 12 are respectively provided with structural extensions for clamping and fixing the sealing structure. Specifically, the shell 11 includes a first extension 111, and the cover 12 includes a second extension 121. The first extension 111 and the second extension 121 are disposed opposite to each other, together surrounding the outer edge of the sealing structure, and clamping the sealing structure therebetween.

[0063] The first extension portion 111 and the second extension portion 121 are preferably annular, flanged, or trapezoidal structures, which can form a circumferential wrap around the edge of the sealing structure and provide clamping force in the axial direction, thereby achieving high-strength limiting of the sealing structure without causing damage and effectively preventing displacement, warping, or sealing failure under high-pressure conditions.

[0064] The first extension portion 111 and the second extension portion 121 are also provided with a plurality of corresponding fixing holes 15. These fixing holes 15 are through-holes and can be used to insert fasteners, such as screws, rivets or locating pins, to further improve the installation firmness of the sealing structure between the extension portions. During the clamping process, a uniform preload is applied to the sealing structure to form a stable and reinstallable high-pressure sealing interface.

[0065] In some preferred embodiments, the housing 11 has a liquid inlet 112. The liquid inlet 112 is used to inject a preset immersion liquid into the first receiving cavity 13. Its structure extends through the housing 11 and is in fluid communication with the first receiving cavity 13, thereby facilitating the injection, replenishment, or replacement of liquid during module installation or maintenance. The specific location of the liquid inlet 112 can be flexibly selected according to the module's installation direction and arrangement space. The liquid inlet 112 can be a threaded port, a plug-in interface, or a quick-connect structure. It can be externally connected to an injection hose, an injection gun, or a liquid storage device, and is equipped with sealing control components such as a sealing plug, a knob cover, or a one-way valve to ensure complete sealing of the liquid inlet 112 after injection, preventing external liquid from seeping in or internal liquid from leaking, and improving the overall sealing performance of the battery module.

[0066] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this utility model is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

[0067] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and does not limit the patent scope of the present utility model. All equivalent structural transformations made under the inventive concept of the present utility model using the contents of the present utility model specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A battery module, characterized in that, include: A housing, comprising a body and a cover, wherein the cover covers the body; A sealing structure is sandwiched between the shell and the cover, forming a first receiving cavity between the sealing structure and the shell, and forming a second receiving cavity between the sealing structure and the cover. The cover has a connecting opening that connects the second receiving cavity to the outside. The battery cell assembly is disposed within the first receiving cavity; Immersion liquid, the first receiving cavity is filled with the immersion liquid.

2. A battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing structure includes a fixing part and an adjusting part. The fixing part is sandwiched between the shell and the cover. The adjusting part is connected to the fixing part and protrudes into the first receiving cavity or the second receiving cavity relative to the fixing part.

3. A battery module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The area S1 of the adjusting part and the area S2 of the fixing part satisfy: 0.8(S1+S2)≤S1≤0.9(S1+S2).

4. A battery module according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the protruding direction of the adjustment part, the adjustment part is spaced apart from the cover.

5. A battery module according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the protruding direction of the adjusting part, the distance between the adjusting part and the fixing part is H, and the distance between the adjusting part and the cover is G, where H≤0.9G.

6. A battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing structure is made of polymer materials or metal alloys with shape memory properties.

7. A battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery module also includes a protective baffle, which is disposed in the second receiving cavity, and the protective baffle has a through clearance hole at the position corresponding to the communicating hole.

8. A battery module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The protective baffle has multiple through holes that penetrate the protective baffle and are evenly distributed on the protective baffle.

9. A battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The battery module also includes an air valve, and the sealing structure has an exhaust port, which is sealed by the air valve.

10. A battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The shell includes a first extension portion, and the cover includes a second extension portion. The first extension portion and the second extension portion clamp the sealing structure, and the first extension portion and the second extension portion are provided with fixing holes for fixing the sealing structure.

11. A battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The shell has a liquid inlet, which connects the first accommodating cavity to the outside.

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