TBM tunnel excavation device assisted by shaped charge and carbon dioxide fracturing

Abstract

The utility model relates to an energy-gathered perforating bullet and carbon dioxide fracturing assisted TBM (tunnel boring machine) tunnel excavation device. The energy-gathered perforating bullet and carbon dioxide fracturing assisted TBM tunnel excavation device comprises a rock breaking system, a propelling and supporting system, a deslagging system and a supporting system, the rock breaking system comprises a rock breaking TBM cutterhead, a shaped charge blasting assembly, a carbon dioxide fracturing assembly and a rotary driving part, the rock breaking system comprises a shaped charge blasting assembly and a carbon dioxide fracturing assembly, carbon dioxide phase change fracturing is carried out on the basis of a jet flow channel, that is, a carbon dioxide fracturing pipe is installed in the jet flow channel generated by jet flow penetration, and the carbon dioxide fracturing pipe is installed in the jet flow channel; the carbon dioxide fracturing pipe is excited, stress waves generated after phase change of carbon dioxide and high-pressure gas act on surrounding rock mass, a small-range smashing area is generated around the jet flow channel, and therefore large-range radial cracks are generated with the fracturing pipe as the center.

Description

A shaped charge perforation projectile and carbon dioxide fracturing-assisted TBM tunnel excavation device Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel excavation technology, specifically to a shaped charge perforating projectile and a carbon dioxide fracturing-assisted TBM tunnel excavation device. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of full-face tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in underground engineering projects such as water conservancy, transportation, and subway, we face a series of unfavorable conditions such as hard or extremely hard rock masses and complex geological conditions. How to innovate TBM equipment to achieve efficient tunneling is a technical challenge faced by engineering construction personnel.

[0003] The central area of ​​a traditional TBM cutterhead has a small cutter radius and a lower linear velocity compared to the outer cutter ring. During rock breaking, it often experiences abnormal torque and radial impact force, leading to increased wear and tear and reduced rock breaking efficiency in the central area. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above description, this utility model provides a TBM tunnel excavation device assisted by a shaped charge perforating projectile and carbon dioxide fracturing, in order to solve the technical problem that the use of pure mechanical cutting in the central area of ​​the TBM cutterhead in the prior art leads to high tool wear and low rock breaking efficiency.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0006] A TBM tunnel excavation device assisted by shaped charge perforation projectile and carbon dioxide fracturing includes a rock breaking system, a propulsion and support system, a muck removal system and a support system.

[0007] The rock-breaking system includes a rock-breaking TBM cutterhead, a shaped charge blasting assembly, a carbon dioxide fracturing assembly, and a rotary drive unit. The rock-breaking TBM cutterhead includes a disc body and mechanical cutters. The disc body is annular with a central mounting channel. The shaped charge blasting assembly includes a replaceable clamp, a robotic arm, and a shaped charge perforating projectile. The robotic arm is slidably mounted along the axial direction of the TBM main beam. The replaceable clamp is mounted on the end of the robotic arm and is used to clamp and fix the shaped charge perforating projectile. The carbon dioxide fracturing assembly includes a carbon dioxide fracturing tube and a carbon dioxide replenishment unit. The carbon dioxide fracturing tube is configured to move along the axial direction of the TBM main beam and can be raised and lowered vertically. The carbon dioxide fracturing tube is arranged laterally and is located on the same vertical plane as the axis of the disc body. The carbon dioxide fracturing tube is mounted on a telescopic frame. The carbon dioxide replenishment unit is connected to the rear end of the carbon dioxide fracturing tube. The rotary drive unit is connected to the rear end of the disc body and is used to drive the disc body to rotate.

[0008] The propulsion and support system is connected to the rock-breaking system and is used for the propulsion and support of the rock-breaking system; the slag discharge system is used to transport the rock slag generated by rock breaking to the outside; and the support system is used to form support when the rock-breaking system is performing rock-breaking work.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0010] The device for tunnel excavation in hard rock mass provided in this application includes a rock breaking system comprising a shaped charge blasting component and a carbon dioxide fracturing component. It performs carbon dioxide phase change fracturing based on the jet channel, that is, a carbon dioxide fracturing tube is installed in the jet channel generated by the jet penetration. The carbon dioxide fracturing tube is activated, and the stress wave generated after the carbon dioxide phase change and the high-pressure gas act on the surrounding rock mass, generating a small-scale crushing zone around the jet channel, and generating a large-scale radial crack centered on the fracturing tube.

[0011] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0012] Furthermore, the carbon dioxide fracturing assembly also includes a carrying plate and a telescopic frame. The carrying plate is disposed on the TBM main beam, the lower end of the telescopic frame is disposed on the carrying plate and is movably installed along the axial direction of the TBM main beam, and the carbon dioxide fracturing tube is disposed at the upper end of the telescopic frame.

[0013] Furthermore, the carbon dioxide replenishment unit includes a connecting pipe, a CNC reloading machine, and a carbon dioxide storage tank, with the connecting pipe sequentially connecting the carbon dioxide fracturing tube, the CNC reloading machine, and the carbon dioxide storage tank from front to back.

[0014] Furthermore, the mechanical cutter is mounted radially along the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead.

[0015] Furthermore, the propulsion and support system includes a bottom support shoe, a main support shoe, a propulsion hydraulic cylinder, and a rear support. Both the bottom support shoe and the main support shoe are connected to the main beam and can extend and retract radially along the TBM main beam to selectively support or detach from the surrounding rock. The bottom support shoe is located near the front end of the main beam, and the main support shoe is located near the middle of the main beam. One end of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder is connected to the main support shoe, and the other end is connected to the main beam, for driving the propulsion of the main beam during excavation. The rear support is located at the rear of the TBM main beam to provide support during the TBM displacement phase.

[0016] Furthermore, the slag removal system includes a slag collection ring, a conveyor, and a conveyor support frame; multiple buckets are provided near the edge of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead, the slag collection ring is located at the rear end of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead and is used to collect rock slag that slides off the buckets, the conveyor is mounted on the main beam via the conveyor support frame, one end of the conveyor is connected to the slag collection ring, and the other end extends to the rear end of the TBM.

[0017] Furthermore, the shaped charge projectile includes a metal casing, explosive and a metal shaped charge liner, with the explosive encapsulated in a sealed cavity formed by the metal shaped charge liner and the metal casing.

[0018] Furthermore, the angle of the metal shaped charge liner is determined based on the depth of the jet channel of the shaped charge gun.

[0019] Furthermore, the support system includes a top shield and a steering support shoe; the top shield is located at the top rear of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead, and the steering support shoe is located on the side rear of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a shaped charge perforating projectile and carbon dioxide fracturing-assisted TBM tunnel excavation device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the state of the working face after carbon dioxide fracturing in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a mechanical tool cutting the face of a machine in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the state during the installation of the shaped charge projectile in the embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the state during the stage of activating the jet channel and installing the fracture tube in the use of the embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the state of the carbon dioxide-induced tube fracturing stage during the use of the embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the state of the fractured rock mass induced by the fracturing tube during the use of the embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the state of the mechanical cutting tool during the crushing stage in the use of the embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0030] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0031] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, this application provides a TBM tunnel excavation device assisted by shaped charge perforating projectile and carbon dioxide fracturing, which includes a rock breaking system 100, a propulsion and support system 200, a slag removal system 300 and a support system 400.

[0032] The rock-breaking system 100 includes a rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110, a shaped charge blasting assembly 120, a carbon dioxide fracturing assembly 130, and a rotary drive unit 140.

[0033] The rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110 includes a disc body 111 and a mechanical cutter 112; the disc body 111 is annular and has an installation channel in the middle, preferably, the mechanical cutter 112 is installed radially along the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110.

[0034] The shaped charge explosive assembly 120 includes a replaceable clamp 121, a robotic arm 122, and a shaped charge projectile 123. The robotic arm 122 is slidably disposed along the axial direction of the TBM main beam 500. The replaceable clamp 121 is installed at the end of the robotic arm 122 and is used to clamp and fix the shaped charge projectile 123.

[0035] The shaped charge blasting assembly 120 also includes a robotic arm guide rail 124, which is mounted on the TBM main beam 500 along the axial direction of the TBM main beam 500, and the robotic arm 122 is mounted on the robotic arm guide rail 124.

[0036] The robotic arm 122 is connected to the robotic arm guide rail 124, which is mounted on the TBM main beam 500. The robotic arm 122 can slide along the axial direction of the TBM main beam 500 on the robotic arm guide rail 124. The robotic arm 122 is used to move the shaped charge projectile 123 to the center area of ​​the tunnel face. After the shaped charge projectile 123 is activated, it can form a jet channel in the center area of ​​the tunnel face.

[0037] The carbon dioxide fracturing assembly 130 includes a carbon dioxide fracturing tube 131, a carbon dioxide replenishment unit 132, a carrier plate 133, and a telescopic frame 134.

[0038] The carbon dioxide fracturing tube 131 is configured to move along the axial direction of the TBM main beam 500 and to rise and fall in the vertical direction. The carbon dioxide fracturing tube 131 is arranged laterally and is located on the same vertical plane as the axis of the disc body 111. The carbon dioxide fracturing tube 131 is installed on the telescopic frame, and the carbon dioxide replenishment unit 132 is connected to the rear end of the carbon dioxide fracturing tube 131.

[0039] The loading plate 133 is disposed on the TBM main beam 500, the lower end of the telescopic frame 134 is disposed on the loading plate 133 and is movably installed along the axial direction of the TBM main beam 500, and the carbon dioxide fracturing tube 131 is disposed on the upper end of the telescopic frame 134.

[0040] The structure is designed such that the load plate 133 and the TBM main beam 500 are combined and can move within a certain range to ensure the displacement of the carbon dioxide fracturing tube 131 in the direction perpendicular to the working face. One end of the telescopic frame 134 is connected to the load plate 133 and the other end is connected to the carbon dioxide fracturing tube 131, which can adjust the height of the carbon dioxide fracturing tube 131. Through the telescopic frame 134 and the load plate 133, the carbon dioxide fracturing tube 131 can be moved to the center position of the working face.

[0041] In this embodiment, the carbon dioxide replenishment unit 132 includes a connecting pipe 1321, a CNC loading machine 1322, and a carbon dioxide storage tank 1323. The connecting pipe 1321 connects the carbon dioxide fracturing tube 131, the CNC loading machine 1322, and the carbon dioxide storage tank 1323 sequentially from front to back. During construction, the carbon dioxide storage tank 1323 works in conjunction with the CNC loading machine 1322 to press the carbon dioxide fracturing tube 131.

[0042] The rotary drive unit 140 is connected to the rear end of the disk body 111.

[0043] The propulsion and support system 200 is connected to the rock breaking system 100; the propulsion and support system 200 includes a bottom support shoe 210, a main support shoe 220, a propulsion hydraulic cylinder 230, and a rear support 240.

[0044] Both the bottom support shoe 210 and the main support shoe 220 are connected to the TBM main beam 500 and can extend and retract radially along the TBM main beam 500 to selectively support or detach from the surrounding rock. The bottom support shoe 210 is located near the front end of the TBM main beam 500, and the main support shoe 220 is located near the middle of the TBM main beam 500. The propulsion hydraulic cylinder 230 is connected at one end to the main support shoe 220 and at the other end to the TBM main beam 500, providing thrust for the cutterhead to break through the rock and drive the TBM main beam 500 to advance. The rear support 240 is located at the rear of the TBM main beam 500 and is used to provide support during the TBM displacement phase. During the TBM excavation phase, the rear support 240 retracts; during the TBM displacement phase, the rear support 240 extends and contacts the surrounding rock, providing stable support for the TBM and ensuring the overall forward movement of the TBM.

[0045] The slag discharge system 300 is used to transport the rock slag generated from rock breaking to the outside; the slag discharge system 300 includes a slag collection ring 310, a conveyor 320 and a conveyor support frame 330.

[0046] Multiple buckets 115 are located near the edge of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110. A slag collection ring 310 is located at the rear end of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110 to collect rock slag that slides off the buckets 115, ensuring that the rock slag slides in a designated direction and onto the conveyor 320. The conveyor 320 is generally a belt conveyor, which is mounted on the TBM main beam via a conveyor support frame 330. One end of the conveyor 320 is connected to the slag collection ring 310, and the other end extends to the rear end of the TBM main beam.

[0047] The shaped charge projectile 123 includes a metal casing 1231, explosive 1232, and a metal shaped charge liner 1233. The explosive 1232 is encapsulated in a sealed cavity formed by the metal shaped charge liner 1233 and the metal casing 1231. The angle of the metal shaped charge liner 1233 is determined according to the depth of the jet channel of the shaped charge projectile. Specifically, the greater the designed jet channel depth, the smaller the angle of the shaped charge liner; the larger the designed jet channel diameter, the larger the angle of the shaped charge liner.

[0048] The top shield 410 is located at the top rear of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110; the steering support shoe 420 is located on the side rear of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110.

[0049] The support system 400 is used to form support when the rock breaking system 100 is performing rock breaking work.

[0050] The support system 400 includes a top shield 410 and a steering shoe 420; the top shield 410 is located on top of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110 behind it, protecting personnel in a certain area behind the cutterhead; the steering shoe 420 is located on the side of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110 behind it, protecting the sides of the TBM and used to adjust the TBM's tunneling direction.

[0051] In practical applications, by rationally setting the detonation parameters of the CO2 fracturing tube, the radius of the cracks generated in the rock mass after fracturing coincides with the cutting trajectory of the mechanical cutter with the smallest installation radius on the TBM cutterhead. This ensures that during the subsequent TBM cutterhead advance and the rolling cutter's operation, the rock-breaking force of the mechanical cutter is greatly reduced under the assistance of the radial cracks. This allows the mechanical cutter to rapidly cut the rock mass at the tunnel face, thus achieving efficient rock breaking by the TBM. After the mechanical cutter has completely broken the rock mass within the pre-damage area, a new shaped charge perforation projectile is installed using the robotic arm behind the cutterhead to perform shaped charge blasting on the tunnel face. A new CO2 fracturing tube is then installed on the telescopic frame and pressed, allowing the shaped charge perforation projectile and the CO2 fracturing tube to continue pre-damaging the tunnel face. This cycle is repeated, effectively increasing the TBM's tunneling speed.

[0052] To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the technical solution of this application, the usage process of the device is described in detail below:

[0053] At the beginning of a cycle, refer to Figure 3-4.

[0054] 1. Installation of shaped charge perforating projectiles: Referring to Figure 5, the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110 approaches the tunnel face but does not rotate to break the rock. The robotic arm is moved to the set position via the guide rail. A replaceable clamp is installed at the front of the robotic arm, and the shaped charge perforating projectile is installed on the clamp. The robotic arm is then controlled to install the projectile to the center of the tunnel face. After the projectile's position is determined, a detonating cord is installed at the tail of the projectile. During this stage, the support shoe retracts and detaches from the surrounding rock mass, and the rear support extends.

[0055] 2. Stage of Activating the Jet Channel and Installing the Fracturing Tube: As shown in Figure 6, after the shaped charge perforating projectile 123 and the detonating cord are installed, the detonating cord is activated, creating a shaped charge jet channel of a certain depth at the tunnel face. After the shaped charge blasting is completed, the robotic arm 122 moves along the TBM main beam 500 away from the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110. Next, the load plate 133 and the telescopic frame 134 are controlled to move the carbon dioxide fracturing tube 131 to the center area of ​​the tunnel face and install it into the jet channel.

[0056] 3. Stamping stage of carbon dioxide fracturing tube: As shown in Figure 7, after the carbon dioxide fracturing tube 131 is installed, the carbon dioxide storage tank 1323 and the CNC reloading machine 1322 are used to stamp the carbon dioxide fracturing tube 131. After the stamping is completed, the connecting pipe 1321 is removed to prepare for the activation of the carbon dioxide fracturing tube 131.

[0057] 4. Initiating fracturing tube to break up rock mass: As shown in Figure 8, carbon dioxide fracturing tube 131 is activated. The stress wave generated by the liquid carbon dioxide fracturing and the gas act on the rock mass around the fracturing tube, producing a small-scale crushing zone and a larger-scale radial crack zone in the rock mass.

[0058] 5. Mechanical Cutter Breaking Stage: As shown in Figure 9, the main support shoe 220 extends to contact the surrounding rock, the rear support 240 retracts, and the propulsion hydraulic cylinder 230 advances the TBM towards the tunnel face. The rotary drive unit drives the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110 to rotate, performing secondary breaking on the tunnel face. The rock mass broken by the mechanical cutter is collected by the bucket on the cutterhead. When the bucket rotates with the cutterhead to the designated position, the rock debris in the bucket will slide down through the slag outlet to the rear of the cutterhead. The slag collection ring is used to collect the rock debris, ensuring that it slides down in the designated direction and onto the belt conveyor, which transports it to the TBM for assembly. After the mechanical cutter has completely cut the rock mass in the area affected by the projectile, the support shoe retracts, and the rear support extends. Replace the replaceable clamps, and use the intelligent robotic arm to install new shaped charge perforating projectiles and prepare new carbon dioxide fracturing tubes in preparation for starting the next tunneling cycle.

[0059] By innovatively pre-fractured the rock mass in the central area of ​​the tunnel face using shaped charge jets, carbon dioxide fracturing, and mechanical cutting tools, abnormal wear of the cutterheads in the central area of ​​the TBM is avoided, thus improving the overall tunneling rate. This solves the technical problem in existing technologies where conventional TBM cutterheads struggle to quickly and effectively break up extremely hard rock due to its high strength and abrasiveness. It also eliminates the need for drilling during the installation of carbon dioxide fracturing tubes, providing a highly efficient and low-cost rock-breaking solution for deep-buried extremely hard rock tunnel projects.

[0060] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A shaped charge perforating projectile and carbon dioxide fracturing-assisted TBM tunnel excavation device, characterized in that, The system includes a rock-breaking system, a propulsion and support system, a slag removal system, and a support system. The rock-breaking system comprises a rock-breaking TBM cutterhead, a shaped charge blasting assembly, a carbon dioxide fracturing assembly, and a rotary drive unit. The rock-breaking TBM cutterhead includes a disc body and mechanical cutters. The disc body is annular with a central mounting channel. The shaped charge blasting assembly includes a replaceable clamp, a robotic arm, and a shaped charge perforating projectile. The robotic arm slides axially along the TBM main beam. The replaceable clamp is mounted at the end of the robotic arm to hold and fix the shaped charge perforating projectile. The carbon dioxide fracturing assembly includes a carbon dioxide fracturing tube and a carbon dioxide replenishment unit. The TBM is configured to move axially along the main beam of the TBM and to rise and fall vertically. The carbon dioxide fracturing tube is arranged laterally and is located on the same vertical plane as the axis of the disk. The carbon dioxide fracturing tube is mounted on a telescopic frame, and the carbon dioxide replenishment unit is connected to the rear end of the carbon dioxide fracturing tube. The rotary drive unit is connected to the rear end of the disk and is used to drive the disk to rotate. The propulsion and support system is connected to the rock breaking system and is used for propulsion and support of the rock breaking system. The slag discharge system is used to transport the rock slag generated by rock breaking to the outside, and the support system is used to form support when the rock breaking system is performing rock breaking work.

2. The shaped charge perforation projectile and carbon dioxide fracturing assisted TBM tunnel excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon dioxide fracturing assembly also includes a loading plate and a telescopic frame. The loading plate is disposed on the TBM main beam, the lower end of the telescopic frame is disposed on the loading plate and is movably installed along the axial direction of the TBM main beam, and the carbon dioxide fracturing tube is disposed at the upper end of the telescopic frame.

3. The shaped charge perforation projectile and carbon dioxide fracturing-assisted TBM tunnel excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon dioxide replenishment unit includes a connecting pipe, a CNC reloading machine, and a carbon dioxide storage tank. The connecting pipe connects the carbon dioxide fracturing tube, the CNC reloading machine, and the carbon dioxide storage tank in sequence from front to back.

4. The shaped charge perforation projectile and carbon dioxide fracturing-assisted TBM tunnel excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mechanical cutter is mounted radially along the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead.

5. The shaped charge perforation projectile and carbon dioxide fracturing-assisted TBM tunnel excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The propulsion and support system includes a bottom support shoe, a main support shoe, a propulsion hydraulic cylinder, and a rear support. Both the bottom support shoe and the main support shoe are connected to the main beam and can extend and retract radially along the TBM main beam to selectively support or detach from the surrounding rock. The bottom support shoe is located near the front end of the main beam, and the main support shoe is located near the middle of the main beam. One end of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder is connected to the main support shoe, and the other end is connected to the main beam, for driving the propulsion of the main beam during excavation. The rear support is located at the rear of the TBM main beam to provide support during the TBM displacement phase.

6. The shaped charge perforation projectile and carbon dioxide fracturing-assisted TBM tunnel excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slag removal system includes a slag collection ring, a conveyor, and a conveyor support frame. Multiple buckets are provided near the edge of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead. The slag collection ring is located at the rear end of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead and is used to collect rock slag that slides off the buckets. The conveyor is mounted on the main beam via the conveyor support frame. One end of the conveyor is connected to the slag collection ring, and the other end extends to the rear end of the TBM.

7. The shaped charge perforation projectile and carbon dioxide fracturing-assisted TBM tunnel excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shaped charge projectile includes a metal casing, explosive and a metal shaped charge liner, with the explosive encapsulated in a sealed cavity formed by the metal shaped charge liner and the metal casing.

8. The shaped charge perforating projectile and carbon dioxide fracturing-assisted TBM tunnel excavation device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The angle of the metal shaped charge liner is determined based on the depth of the jet channel of the shaped charge gun.

9. The shaped charge perforation projectile and carbon dioxide fracturing-assisted TBM tunnel excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support system includes a top shield and a steering boot; the top shield is located on the top rear of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead, and the steering boot is located on the side rear of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead.

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