Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model relates to a photovoltaic module which can solve the problems that a communication module in the prior art is low in integration and cannot be produced, popularized and used on a large scale. The photovoltaic module comprises a first cover plate, an antenna structure, a photovoltaic sheet and a second cover plate which are arranged in a stacked mode, a metasurface structure is arranged on the surface of the side, facing the photovoltaic sheet, of the first cover plate, the metasurface structure comprises groove grids distributed periodically, the groove grids are filled with the antenna structure, and the standing-wave ratio of the antenna structure within a preset frequency band is smaller than a preset standing-wave ratio.

Description

photovoltaic modules Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of 5G / IoT communication technologies, wireless communication systems have placed higher demands on antenna systems. These demands not only require wider bandwidth coverage but also antennas that better align with green development principles. Photovoltaic power generation technology has significant potential for application in communication technologies due to its minimal environmental impact and long lifespan.

[0003] In related technologies, a communication module capable of self-powering is generally constructed by attaching an external antenna to an existing solar cell.

[0004] However, the solar cell antenna structure in related technologies has low integration, making it impossible to mass-produce and widely use. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a photovoltaic module to address the problem that communication modules in related technologies have low integration and cannot be mass-produced and widely used.

[0006] This application provides a photovoltaic module, which includes a first cover plate, an antenna structure, a photovoltaic cell, and a second cover plate stacked together. The first cover plate has a metasurface structure on one side of its surface facing the photovoltaic cell. The metasurface structure includes a periodically distributed groove grid. The antenna structure is filled in the groove grid, and the antenna structure has a lower than a preset standing wave ratio (VSWR) within a preset frequency band.

[0007] The photovoltaic module described in this application has a metasurface structure on the side of the first cover plate facing the photovoltaic cell. The metasurface structure includes a periodically distributed groove grid, which allows the antenna structure to fill the groove grid of the metasurface structure. This enables the first cover plate, antenna structure, photovoltaic cell and second cover plate to be stacked, which helps to improve the structural integration of the photovoltaic module and facilitates large-scale production and promotion.

[0008] In one embodiment, the antenna structure and the photovoltaic cell are arranged to completely or partially overlap in the thickness direction of the first cover plate. The antenna structure has a feed point located at the midpoint of any edge of the photovoltaic cell, or the feed point is located at a first deviation value from the midpoint.

[0009] In one embodiment, the first deviation value is less than or equal to 16 mm.

[0010] In one embodiment, the antenna structure and the photovoltaic cell are disposed without overlap in the thickness direction of the first cover plate, the antenna structure has a feed point, and the feed point is disposed at a second offset value from any edge of the photovoltaic cell.

[0011] In one embodiment, the second deviation value is greater than or equal to 10 mm.

[0012] In one embodiment, the grooved grid includes at least two interconnected single-period grooves, with adjacent single-period grooves set at a preset included angle α.

[0013] In one embodiment, the preset included angle α ranges from 60° to 120°.

[0014] In one embodiment, the single-cycle grooves have a length L, a width W, and a depth D, wherein the length L ranges from 180 μm to 500 μm, the width W ranges from 5 μm to 15 μm, and the depth D ranges from 5 μm to 30 μm.

[0015] In one embodiment, the power supply point is set at a preset distance relative to any edge of the first cover plate, the preset distance being 0mm-40mm.

[0016] In one embodiment, the first cover plate is a transparent cover plate.

[0017] In one embodiment, the preset frequency band is the 1.7GHz-2.7GHz band, and the preset VSWR is less than or equal to 3. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module in one embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure 2 is a top view of the photovoltaic module shown in Figure 1.

[0020] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the metasurface structure of a photovoltaic module in one embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 4 shows the VSWR test spectrum of the antenna structure of the photovoltaic module in one embodiment of this application under adaptation condition K1.

[0022] Figure 5 shows the VSWR test spectrum of the antenna structure of the photovoltaic module in one embodiment of this application under adaptation condition K2.

[0023] Figure 6 shows the VSWR test spectrum of the control group under relative adaptation conditions K1 and K2 for the antenna structure of the photovoltaic module in one embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 7 shows the VSWR test spectrum of the antenna structure of the photovoltaic module in one embodiment of this application under adaptation condition K3.

[0025] Figure 8 shows the VSWR test spectrum of the antenna structure of the photovoltaic module under adaptation condition K4 in another embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 9 shows the VSWR test spectrum of the control group under relative adaptation conditions K3 and K4 for the antenna structure of the photovoltaic module in one embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module in another embodiment of this application.

[0028] Explanation of icon numbers

[0029] 1. Photovoltaic module; A. Feeding point; 100. First cover plate; 110. Metasurface structure; 111. Groove grid; 1111. Single-cycle groove; 200. Antenna structure; 300. Photovoltaic sheet; 400. Second cover plate; 500. First adhesive layer; 600. Second adhesive layer; 700. Slot. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0031] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0032] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0033] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0035] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0036] Considering that existing solar cell antenna structures generally employ the form of external antennas mounted on existing solar cells, their integration is low, hindering large-scale production and widespread use. This application provides a photovoltaic module whose structure not only has high integration but also facilitates large-scale production and widespread use.

[0037] Specifically, referring to Figure 1, one embodiment of this application provides a photovoltaic module 1, which may include a first cover plate 100, an antenna structure 200, a photovoltaic cell 300 and a second cover plate 400 stacked together. The first cover plate 100 has a metasurface structure 110 on the side surface facing the photovoltaic cell 300. The metasurface structure 110 includes a periodically distributed groove grid 111. The antenna structure 200 is filled in the groove grid 111, and the antenna structure 200 is less than a preset standing wave ratio in a preset frequency band.

[0038] The photovoltaic module 1 described above in this application has a metasurface structure 110 on the side of the first cover plate 100 facing the photovoltaic cell 300. The metasurface structure 110 includes a periodically distributed groove grid 111, which allows the antenna structure 200 to fill the groove grid 111 of the metasurface structure 110. This enables the first cover plate 100, the antenna structure 200, the photovoltaic cell 300 and the second cover plate 400 to be stacked, thereby improving the structural integration of the photovoltaic module 1 and facilitating large-scale production and widespread use.

[0039] It should be noted that the relative arrangement of the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic cell 300 will have a significant impact on the performance of the antenna structure 200.

[0040] Specifically, the photovoltaic cell 300 can be configured as, but is not limited to, a crystalline silicon solar cell. Alternatively, the photovoltaic cell 300 can be configured as, but is not limited to, a perovskite solar cell. Alternatively, the photovoltaic cell 300 can be configured as, but is not limited to, a combination of a crystalline silicon solar cell and a perovskite solar cell. Taking a crystalline silicon solar cell as an example, since the material, solder ribbon, and metallized electrode grid lines of the crystalline silicon solar cell have a synergistic effect with the antenna structure 200, this synergistic effect will affect the performance of the antenna structure 200, such as affecting the standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna structure 200.

[0041] Therefore, in this application, when the photovoltaic module 1 integrates the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic sheet 300 between the first cover plate 100 and the second cover plate 400, the relative layout requirements of the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic sheet 300 are quite stringent. In particular, when the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic sheet 300 are completely or partially overlapped in the thickness direction of the first cover plate 100, their synergistic effect is more obvious, thus the relative layout requirements of the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic sheet 300 are even more stringent.

[0042] It is worth noting that in the photovoltaic module 1 of this application, when the performance test of the antenna structure 200 is carried out, such as testing its standing wave ratio fluctuation in the preset frequency band, it is necessary to conduct the test simultaneously with the photovoltaic cell 300 to fully consider the synergistic effect between the two, so that the test results of the antenna structure 200 being less than the preset standing wave ratio in the preset frequency band are more accurate.

[0043] Returning to this application, optionally, the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic sheet 300 can be completely or partially overlapped in the thickness direction of the first cover plate 100. The antenna structure 200 has a feed point A, which is located at the midpoint of any edge of the photovoltaic sheet 300, or the feed point A is located off the midpoint by a first deviation value.

[0044] Specifically, the feed point A is set at the midpoint of any edge of the photovoltaic cell 300, or the feed point A is set off from the midpoint by a first deviation value. Both can ensure that the antenna structure 200, in cooperation with the photovoltaic cell 300, maintains a lower than the preset VSWR in the preset frequency band, thus meeting the performance requirements of the antenna structure 200 and improving the working reliability of the photovoltaic module 1 of this application.

[0045] Optionally, the first deviation value can be set within a range of less than or equal to 16 mm, thus enabling the feed point A of the antenna structure 200 to be positioned appropriately to maintain the antenna structure 200 within a preset frequency band and below a preset VSWR. For example, the first deviation value can be 16 mm, 14 mm, or 12 mm, etc.

[0046] Optionally, in some other embodiments, the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic panel 300 are disposed without overlap in the thickness direction of the first cover plate 100, the antenna structure 200 has a feed point A, and the feed point A and any edge of the photovoltaic panel 300 are spaced apart by a second deviation value.

[0047] Specifically, the feed point A is set at a second deviation value from any edge of the photovoltaic cell 300. This allows the feed point A of the antenna structure 200 to be set in a reasonable position to keep the antenna structure 200 below the preset VSWR in the preset frequency band, thus meeting the performance requirements of the antenna structure 200 and improving the working reliability of the photovoltaic module 1 of this application.

[0048] Optionally, the second deviation value can be set to be greater than or equal to 10 mm. For example, the second deviation value can be 10 mm, 12 mm, or 14 mm, etc.

[0049] According to the above embodiments of this application, the photovoltaic module 1 provided by this application is equivalent to providing a scheme in which the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic cell 300 are arranged in a relatively integrated state, which helps to reduce the design difficulty of the antenna structure 200, and thus helps to promote large-scale production and use.

[0050] Optionally, the preset frequency band can be, but is not limited to, the 1.7GHz-2.7GHz band. In this way, under this preset frequency band, the communication environment and requirements of UWB (Ultra-Wideband), GPS (Global Positioning System), 4G (4th Generation), 5G (5th Generation), and the Internet of Things can be basically met, thereby improving the applicability of photovoltaic module 1.

[0051] Of course, the 1.7GHz-2.7GHz frequency band is the commonly used operating frequency band of the antenna structure 200. Setting the preset frequency band in this application within the 1.7GHz-2.7GHz frequency band helps to meet common communication environments. Understandably, this application also applies to frequency bands outside the 1.7GHz-2.7GHz frequency band and falls within the protection scope of this application, which will not be elaborated here.

[0052] Optionally, the preset VSWR can be set to less than or equal to 3. For example, the preset VSWR can be set to 3, 2, or 1, etc.

[0053] It's important to note that the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) is a crucial parameter for measuring the impedance matching between a transmission line and its load, widely used in radio frequency, microwave, and wireless communication. Specifically, the VSWR reflects the degree of impedance matching between the transmission line and the load: when the transmission line and load are perfectly matched, the VSWR is 1, indicating no reflected waves and maximum energy transfer efficiency. When the VSWR is greater than 1, it indicates the presence of reflected waves, a poorer match, and reduced energy transfer efficiency.

[0054] In this application, the standing wave ratio (VSWR) reflects the impedance matching degree between the antenna structure 200 and the transmission line (not shown), thereby testing the performance of the antenna structure 200. Understandably, this application can set the preset VSWR to be less than or equal to 3, which helps to meet the performance requirements of the antenna structure 200.

[0055] Optionally, the first cover plate 100 can be a transparent cover plate, so that the photovoltaic module 1 of this application can be applied in the field of transparent antennas. Specifically, the first cover plate 100 can be, but is not limited to, transparent materials such as ultra-clear patterned glass, ultra-clear glass, patterned glass, tempered glass, ordinary glass, acrylic sheet, plastic or resin.

[0056] Preferably, the transmittance of the first cover plate 100 is greater than or equal to 80%, such as 80%, 85% or 90%.

[0057] It's worth noting that in the antenna manufacturing field, transparent antennas, while meeting electrical performance specifications such as gain and beamwidth, have become an important method for antenna aesthetics due to their visual transparency. Furthermore, with technological advancements, metal mesh technology has achieved significant breakthroughs in areas such as linewidth accuracy, transmittance, and conductivity, enabling independently adjustable performance for both high conductivity and high transmittance. Transparent antennas are stylish, aesthetically pleasing, and feature integrated and concealed designs, offering significant advantages over traditional photovoltaic antennas.

[0058] This application integrates the photovoltaic cell 300 and the antenna structure 200 within a transparent first cover plate 100, which helps to achieve a stylish and aesthetically pleasing transparent antenna with integrated and concealed features. Furthermore, by continuously adjusting the relative positions of the photovoltaic cell 300 and the antenna structure 200, it helps the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic cell 300 to work together to perform their respective functions.

[0059] Optionally, the photovoltaic module 1 of this application may further include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an antenna feed line, wherein the antenna feed line is connected to the feed point A of the antenna structure 200. The aforementioned positive electrode, negative electrode, and antenna feed line are led out from the space between the first cover plate 100 and the second cover edge, which will not be described in detail here.

[0060] It is worth noting that, since the feed point A of the antenna structure 200 needs to be connected to the aforementioned antenna feed line, and the antenna feed line needs to be led out from the space between the first cover plate 100 and the second cover edge, the feed point A can be located near any edge of the first cover plate 100.

[0061] Optionally, the power supply point A is set at a preset distance relative to any edge of the first cover plate 100, and the preset distance ranges from 0mm to 40mm. For example, the aforementioned preset distance is 0mm, 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, or 40mm, etc.

[0062] Understandably, when the feed point A needs to be set at a preset distance relative to any edge of the first cover plate 100, the photovoltaic module 1 of this application can first determine the setting position of the feed point A. In other words, this application can first determine the opening position of the groove grid 111 of the metasurface structure 110 on the first cover plate 100, and then adjust the relative position of the photovoltaic sheet 300 with the feed point A during stacking to meet the performance requirements of the antenna structure 200.

[0063] Optionally, in some embodiments, the first cover plate 100, the second cover plate 400, the photovoltaic cell 300, and the metasurface structure 110 of this application can all be configured as rectangles. Adaptively, any edge of the aforementioned metasurface structure 110 can be arranged parallel to any edge of the first cover plate 100. Adaptively, any edge of the aforementioned photovoltaic cell 300 can be arranged parallel to any edge of the first cover plate 100.

[0064] Optionally, the areas of the first cover plate 100 and the second cover plate 400 are consistent, which helps to improve the structural integrity of the photovoltaic module 1 and facilitates large-scale production and application.

[0065] Optionally, the area of ​​the first cover plate 100 and the second cover plate 400 can be in the range of 0.02㎡-8㎡, such as 0.02㎡, 0.06㎡, 0.1㎡, 0.5㎡, 1㎡, 3㎡, 5㎡ or 8㎡.

[0066] Optionally, referring back to Figure 1, the photovoltaic module 1 may also include a first adhesive layer 500 and a second adhesive layer 600. The first adhesive layer 500 is sandwiched between the first cover plate 100 and the photovoltaic cell 300, and the second adhesive layer 600 is sandwiched between the second cover plate 400 and the photovoltaic cell 300, so as to achieve a tight connection and seal between the structures.

[0067] Optionally, the first adhesive layer 500 and the second adhesive layer 600 can have the same area as the first cover plate 100 and / or the second cover plate 400, thus protecting the photovoltaic cell 300 and preventing external moisture from entering.

[0068] Optionally, the aforementioned first adhesive layer 500 and second adhesive layer 600 may be made of materials such as EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer), PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral), or POE (Polyolefin Elastomer).

[0069] Optionally, when the aforementioned first adhesive layer 500 and second adhesive layer 600 are made of EVA material, their thickness can be, but is not limited to, 0.2mm-0.8mm. Preferably, their thickness is typically 0.46mm or 0.5mm.

[0070] Optionally, when the aforementioned first adhesive layer 500 and second adhesive layer 600 are made of PVB material, their thickness can be, but is not limited to, 0.38mm-1.52mm. Preferably, their thickness is typically 0.38mm or 0.76mm.

[0071] Preferably, the first adhesive layer 500 and the second adhesive layer 600 are made of EVA film. EVA is a hot melt adhesive that is non-sticky at room temperature but has anti-stick properties for easy handling. Under certain conditions of hot pressing, it melts, bonds, and cross-links, and becomes completely transparent. This has a good effect on the encapsulation of the photovoltaic module 1 of this application, and helps to ensure the performance of the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic cell 300 while forming a closed environment to prevent external moisture from entering.

[0072] It should be noted that the aforementioned periodically distributed groove grid 111 can be a combination of multiple polygons. For example, the aforementioned groove grid 111 is composed of a combination of multiple equilateral triangles; or, the aforementioned groove grid 111 is composed of a combination of multiple quadrilaterals; or, the aforementioned groove grid 111 is composed of a combination of multiple pentagons.

[0073] Optionally, the groove grid 111 may include at least two interconnected single-period grooves 1111, with adjacent single-period grooves 1111 set at a preset included angle α, which helps to improve the light transmittance of the antenna structure 200.

[0074] Optionally, the preset included angle α can range from 60° to 120°. For example, the preset included angle α can be 60°, 70°, 80°, 90°, 100°, 110°, or 120°. For instance, when the preset included angle α is 60°, the groove grid 111 is composed of multiple equilateral triangles; when the preset included angle α is 90°, the groove grid 111 is composed of multiple squares.

[0075] Optionally, the single-cycle groove 1111 has a length L, a width W, and a depth D. The length L can range from 180μm to 500μm, such as 180μm, 300μm, or 500μm. The width W can range from 5μm to 15μm, such as 5μm, 8μm, or 15μm. The depth D can range from 5μm to 30μm, such as 5μm, 10μm, 20μm, or 30μm.

[0076] It is worth noting that the length L, width W, and depth D of the single-period groove 1111 all affect the amount of material filling in the antenna structure 200. Therefore, by controlling the data of the length L, width W, and depth D of the single-period groove 1111, the amount of material filling in the antenna structure 200 can be controlled, thereby controlling the resistance of the antenna structure 200.

[0077] In addition, the length L and width W of the single-period groove 1111 in this application will also affect the transmittance of the final antenna structure 200. Therefore, the range of length L is limited to 180μm-500μm and the range of width W is limited to 5μm-15μm, which helps to ensure the transmittance of the antenna structure 200.

[0078] In addition, the depth D of the single-cycle groove 1111 will also affect the structural strength of the first cover plate 100. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the thickness and strength of the first cover plate 100 and design the depth of the single-cycle groove 1111 within a reasonable range.

[0079] It should be noted that in the field of photovoltaic cells, the first cover plate 100 is trending towards thinner and lighter designs. Currently, the thickness of the cover glass for mainstream photovoltaic cells in the market is roughly divided into several specifications: 3.2mm, 2.8mm, and less than or equal to 2.5mm. In this invention, the depth D of the single-cycle groove 1111 is designed to be 5μm-30μm. This helps to adapt to the aforementioned cover glass thickness specifications and achieves the rationality of the depth D of the single-cycle groove 1111 while maintaining the structural strength of the first cover plate 100.

[0080] Optionally, the antenna structure 200 may be made of conductive nanomaterials, but is not limited to.

[0081] Specifically, the material of the antenna structure 200 may be, but is not limited to, selected from at least one of silver, gold, copper, nickel, zinc and aluminum.

[0082] Optionally, the material of the antenna structure 200 may also be made of a paste containing metal nanomaterials, wherein the paste contains at least one of silver, gold, copper, nickel, zinc and aluminum, and the other components are solvents, and one or more of other additives or glass powders may also be added.

[0083] Optionally, the average particle size of the aforementioned conductive nanomaterials may be, but is not limited to, 7nm-100nm. For example, the average particle size of the conductive nanomaterials may be 7nm, 10nm, 30nm, 50nm, 80nm, or 100nm. This helps to encapsulate the conductive nanomaterials within the micron-scale grooved grid 111 of the metasurface structure 110, thereby effectively reducing the contact area between the conductive nanomaterials and water and oxygen, which helps to protect the conductive nanomaterials and makes the photovoltaic module 1 of this application have good wear resistance.

[0084] Optionally, the metasurface structure 110 can be etched with different antenna pattern profiles according to actual design requirements.

[0085] Alternatively, in some other embodiments, as shown in FIG9, slots 700 for placing photovoltaic cells 300 are etched in the first cover plate 100 or the second cover plate 400, and the photovoltaic cells 300 are placed in the aforementioned slots 700.

[0086] It should be noted that, taking crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell 300 and perovskite photovoltaic cell 300 as examples, the corresponding photovoltaic module 1 of the two differs in their encapsulation methods. Crystalline silicon photovoltaic module 1 generally adopts a sandwich transparent structure encapsulation, while perovskite photovoltaic module 1 generally adopts adhesive bonding or glass laser welding methods for encapsulation. Therefore, in this application, the structure of photovoltaic module 1 can be appropriately adjusted according to the different structures of the photovoltaic cell 300 used.

[0087] The following are examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the test of the antenna structure 200 of the photovoltaic module 1 of this application.

[0088] In Example 1, with the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic panel 300 partially overlapping and then fully overlapping in the thickness direction of the first cover plate 100, the specific test conditions are as follows:

[0089] The photovoltaic module 1 uses ultra-white tempered glass with a photovoltaic transmittance of not less than 91.5% as the first cover plate 100. The first adhesive layer 500 and the second adhesive layer 600 are made of 0.46mm thick EVA film. Both the first cover plate 100 and the second cover plate 400 are rectangular glass with dimensions of 300mm*300mm and a thickness of 3.2mm. The antenna structure 200 is located in an area of ​​approximately 110mm*70mm. The width W of the single-period groove 1111 of the groove grid 111 is 7μm-13μm, the depth D is 7μm-13μm, the length L is 280μm-320μm, and the included angle α is 90°. The antenna structure 200 uses nano-silver paste material and has a depth of 7μm-13μm within the groove grid 111. The antenna structure 200 is designed to operate in the frequency band of 1.7GHz-2.7GHz. The antenna pattern is etched with copper foil with a thickness of 0.35mm for coordinated debugging with the photovoltaic cell 300.

[0090] Referring to Figure 2, to facilitate the description of the relative positional relationship between the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic panel 300, a Cartesian coordinate system is established with one vertex of the rectangular photovoltaic panel 300 as the origin and the two mutually perpendicular adjacent sides as the X-axis and Y-axis. The feed point AA of the antenna structure 200 is denoted as coordinates (m, n).

[0091] In this embodiment 1, this application coordinates the adjustment of the relative position of the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic cell 300 under the condition that the antenna structure 200 overlaps with the photovoltaic cell, and needs to meet the positioning accuracy requirements of the relative position of the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic cell 300: the standing wave ratio of the antenna structure 200 in the preset frequency band 1.7GHz-2.7GHz is ≤3, and tests the range of offset of the antenna structure 200 relative to the photovoltaic cell 300 under the condition of meeting this requirement.

[0092] For example, the relative positions of the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic cell 300 are shown in Table 1 below.

[0093] Table 1

[0094]

[0095] Further experiments revealed that, under adaptation condition K1, the antenna structure 200 and photovoltaic panel 300 have the following allowable deviations in the X direction: ±6mm, specifically, the X coordinate of point A can be between 137mm and 149mm; and the allowable deviations in the Y direction: -6mm and +11mm, specifically, the Y coordinate of point A can be between 0mm and 17mm. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 4, the experimental results demonstrate that, under adaptation condition K1 and the aforementioned deviation ranges, the photovoltaic module 1 maintains a VSWR of less than or equal to 3 in the 1.7GHz-2.7GHz frequency band, and has a bandwidth of approximately 600MHz in the VSWR range of 1-1.5, reflecting good matching quality of the transmission line.

[0096] Furthermore, under adaptation condition K2, the antenna structure 200 and photovoltaic panel 300 are allowed to deviate by -3mm and +5mm in the X direction; specifically, the X coordinate of point A can be between 140mm and 148mm. The allowable deviation in the Y direction is also -5mm and +3mm; specifically, the Y coordinate of point A can be between -39mm and -31mm. Combined with Figure 5, the experimental results show that under adaptation condition K2 and the aforementioned deviation range, the photovoltaic module 1 satisfies a VSWR of less than or equal to 3 in the 1.7GHz-2.7GHz frequency band, and has a VSWR of less than 2 over a bandwidth of approximately 800MHz, reflecting good matching quality of the transmission line.

[0097] Referring to Figure 6, this application also provides the standing wave ratio (SWR) spectrum of the antenna structure 200 in the "photovoltaic module 1 without photovoltaic cell 300" as a control group.

[0098] As can be seen from the experimental results in Figure 6, there is a VSWR greater than 3 at around 200MHz near 2.7GHz, indicating poor transmission line matching quality that does not meet the requirements. Furthermore, the experiment shows that the photovoltaic cell 300 has a significant impact on the performance of the antenna structure 200; therefore, the synergistic effect between the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic cell 300 needs to be considered during the design process.

[0099] Therefore, the inventors of this application discovered through experiments that when the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic cell 300 are completely or partially overlapped, as long as the feed point A is set at the midpoint of any edge of the photovoltaic cell 300, or the feed point A is set off from the midpoint by a first deviation value, the antenna structure 200 can achieve a lower than the preset VSWR in the preset frequency band.

[0100] This application provides a scheme for the relative layout of antenna structure 200 and photovoltaic cell 300 by conducting collaborative testing of antenna structure 200 and photovoltaic cell 300. This helps to reduce the design difficulty of antenna structure 200, and in turn, facilitates large-scale production and widespread use.

[0101] In addition, this application also provides an embodiment 2 for testing the performance of the antenna structure 200 of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0102] Example 2 is identical to Example 1 in terms of the structure and process of photovoltaic module 1, except that the dimensions of photovoltaic cell 300, first cover plate 100, and second cover plate 400, and the etched antenna pattern are different.

[0103] Specifically, in Embodiment 2, the dimensions of the first cover plate 100 and the second cover plate 400 are both 600mm*600mm*3.2mm. Within an area of ​​approximately 50mm*50mm, the antenna structure 200 uses a 0.38mm thick PVB film for both the first adhesive layer 500 and the second adhesive layer 600. The antenna structure 200 is adjusted in conjunction with the position of the photovoltaic cell when they overlap.

[0104] For example, the relative positions of the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic cell 300 are shown in Table 2 below.

[0105] Table 2

[0106]

[0107] Further experiments revealed that, under adaptation condition K3, the antenna structure 200 and photovoltaic panel 300 have the following permissible deviations in the X direction: ±200mm (specifically, the X coordinate of point A can be between 86mm and 486mm); and in the Y direction: -16mm and +11mm (specifically, the Y coordinate of point A can be between 10mm and 37mm). Furthermore, under adaptation condition K4, the antenna structure 200 and photovoltaic panel 300 have the following permissible deviations in the X direction: ±200mm (specifically, the X coordinate of point A can be between 86mm and 486mm); and in the Y direction: ±3mm (specifically, the Y coordinate of point A can be between -18mm and -12mm).

[0108] Furthermore, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, under the adaptation conditions K3 and K4 and within the aforementioned deviation range, the photovoltaic module 1 exhibits a peak VSWR of around 2 in the 1.7GHz-2.7GHz frequency band, indicating good transmission line matching.

[0109] Furthermore, the inventors discovered that the large allowable deviation in the X direction may be due to the small size and axisymmetric shape of the antenna radiator pattern, and the periodic arrangement of the solder ribbons and gate lines of the photovoltaic cell 300. Therefore, the small-sized antenna structure 200 with an axisymmetric pattern has lower requirements for positioning accuracy and less stringent adaptation requirements. This facilitates the multi-position placement of the antenna structure 200, and further reduces design complexity and enables large-scale production.

[0110] Referring to Figure 9, this application also provides a control group for the VSWR (Standard Wave Ratio) spectrum of the antenna structure 200 in the "Photovoltaic Module 1 without Photovoltaic Cell 300" under adaptation conditions K3 and K4. It can be seen that the VSWR near 1.7 GHz is close to 5, indicating poor transmission line matching quality, which does not meet the requirements.

[0111] In addition, this application also provides an embodiment 3 for testing the performance of the antenna structure 200 of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0112] In this embodiment 3, the difference from embodiments 1 and 2 is that the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic cell 300 have no overlapping area.

[0113] In this embodiment 3, by adjusting the second deviation value between the feed point A and any edge of the photovoltaic cell 300, and making the antenna structure 200 satisfy the VSWR ≤ 3, the closest distance of the adapted second deviation value is obtained.

[0114] Specifically, the dimensions of the first cover plate 100 and the second cover plate 400 are both 300mm*300mm*3.2mm, and the dimensions of the photovoltaic cell 300 are adjusted according to the adaptation requirements.

[0115] Table 3 shows the experimental results:

[0116] Table 3

[0117]

[0118] As can be seen from Embodiment 3, this application provides a photovoltaic module 1 in which the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic cell 300 can coexist independently. Therefore, when the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic cell 300 are not overlapped, the design of the antenna structure 200 can be completed independently without considering the impact of the photovoltaic cell 300 on its performance. It is only necessary to adjust the antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic cell 300 to meet the closest matching distance before packaging, which greatly reduces the design difficulty of the antenna structure 200 layout.

[0119] The inventors also discovered that the closest fitting distance is determined by both the antenna radiator pattern and its size. For example, antenna structures 200, such as No. 4 and No. 5, have the same size, but due to different etched antenna patterns, the fitting results differ greatly, reflecting a strong correlation between the closest fitting distance and the etched antenna pattern.

[0120] It should be noted that, although this application does not elaborate on the adaptation distance of the antenna structure 200 relative to the photovoltaic panel 300 when rotated at different angles using a similar method, it is still within the scope of protection of this application.

[0121] In addition, this application also provides an embodiment 4 for testing the performance of the antenna structure 200 of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0122] Provide experimental group:

[0123] The dimensions of the first cover plate 100 and the second cover plate 400 are both 500mm*500mm*2.1mm. The antenna structure 200 is located within an area of ​​80mm*40mm, and the antenna type is a 5G antenna. The first adhesive layer 500 and the second adhesive layer 600 are made of 0.38mm thick PVB film. The antenna structure 200 and the photovoltaic panel 300 are adjusted to overlap, and their positions are adjusted accordingly. After their relative positions are adjusted, a crystalline silicon cell containing the aforementioned photovoltaic module 1 is fabricated using a lamination device according to the structure shown in Figure 1. After the antenna feed line is soldered, it passes through the first adhesive layer 500 and the second adhesive layer 600 and is led out through the hole in the second cover plate 400.

[0124] To facilitate comparison of the impact of antenna structure 200 on the performance of crystalline silicon cells, Example 4 also provides a control group. Except for the absence of antenna structure 200, the control group was fabricated in the same way as the experimental group.

[0125] The performance of crystalline silicon cells was tested using a BIPV-3615CA solar cell module IV tester with an irradiation area of ​​3600mm*1500mm, an equipment rating of AAA, and meeting the IEC60904-92020 standard (all three core performance indicators of non-uniformity, spectral matching, and light intensity stability are grade A).

[0126] Standard test conditions were used: AM1.5 spectrum (AM1.5 is commonly used as the incident light energy standard for evaluating the performance of ground-based solar conversion devices, components, and modules), light intensity 1000 W / m², and ambient temperature 25℃. The spectral range met the requirements of 300-1200 nm, satisfying the spectral testing needs of various battery types.

[0127] Test procedure: By applying a certain voltage or current to photovoltaic module 1, measure the output current and voltage of photovoltaic module 1, and thus plot its IV characteristic curve.

[0128] The output performance of tested crystalline silicon solar cells is compared in Table 4 below:

[0129] Table 4

[0130]

[0131] The theoretical power generation of the crystalline silicon cell with 5G antenna is 39.9W, and the actual measured power is 39.63W. The shading loss is about 0.27W (0.68%). Thus, it can be concluded that the photovoltaic module 1 of this application has little impact on the power of the crystalline silicon cell and has good performance.

[0132] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0133] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized by, The photovoltaic module includes a first cover plate, an antenna structure, a photovoltaic cell, and a second cover plate stacked together. The first cover plate has a metasurface structure on one side of its surface facing the photovoltaic cell. The metasurface structure includes a periodically distributed groove grid. The antenna structure fills the groove grid and has a VSWR of less than a preset frequency band.

2. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, The antenna structure and the photovoltaic cell are completely or partially overlapped in the thickness direction of the first cover plate. The antenna structure has a power feed point, which is located at the midpoint of any edge of the photovoltaic cell, or the power feed point is located away from the midpoint by a first deviation value.

3. The photovoltaic module of claim 2, wherein, The first deviation value is less than or equal to 16 mm.

4. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, The antenna structure and the photovoltaic cell are disposed without overlap in the thickness direction of the first cover plate. The antenna structure has a power feed point, and the power feed point is disposed at a second deviation value from any edge of the photovoltaic cell.

5. The photovoltaic module of claim 4, wherein, The second deviation value is greater than or equal to 10 mm.

6. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, The grooved grid includes at least two interconnected single-period grooves, with adjacent single-period grooves set at a preset included angle α.

7. The photovoltaic module of claim 6, wherein, The preset included angle α ranges from 60° to 120°.

8. The photovoltaic module of claim 6, wherein, The single-cycle grooves each have a length L, a width W, and a depth D. The length L ranges from 180μm to 500μm, the width W ranges from 5μm to 15μm, and the depth D ranges from 5μm to 30μm.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that, The power supply point is set at a preset distance relative to any edge of the first cover plate, and the preset distance ranges from 0mm to 40mm.

10. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, The first cover plate is a transparent cover plate.

11. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, The preset frequency band is 1.7GHz-2.7GHz, and the preset VSWR is less than or equal to 3.

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