Heat insulation device and battery pack
By using a combination of phase change layer and heat insulation layer in the battery pack, the problem of balancing heat insulation performance and compression performance is solved, achieving thermal protection and temperature balance of the battery pack.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- EVE ENERGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-05
AI Technical Summary
The thermal insulation structure in existing battery packs cannot balance thermal insulation performance and compression performance, causing heat to be conducted and diffused between battery cells, which can easily lead to thermal runaway.
It adopts a combined structure of phase change layer and heat insulation layer. The phase change layer maintains temperature equilibrium by absorbing or releasing heat through temperature changes, while the heat insulation layer prevents heat conduction through the gas in the heat insulation cavity and provides good compression and rebound performance in combination with the encapsulation layer.
It effectively prevents heat conduction, avoids thermal runaway of the battery pack, and provides good buffering and compression rebound performance to ensure uniform temperature of individual battery cells.
Smart Images
Figure CN224204180U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to a heat insulation device and a battery pack. Background Technology
[0002] With the development of new energy technologies, batteries are being used more and more widely in the market. In the event of thermal runaway in a single cell within a battery pack, the heat generated by the runaway cell can be conducted to adjacent cells and can easily spread throughout the entire battery pack.
[0003] In related technologies, thermal insulation structures, such as aerogel and foam, are placed between battery cells to block heat. However, while aerogel has excellent thermal insulation properties, its compression resilience is poor; foam has good compression resilience but poor thermal insulation properties. Therefore, the thermal insulation structures in related technologies cannot simultaneously achieve both thermal insulation and compression performance. Utility Model Content
[0004] The present invention provides a heat insulation device and a battery pack to at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems.
[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a heat insulation device, comprising:
[0006] Phase change layer, the phase change layer including at least two first side portions spaced apart in a first direction;
[0007] The insulation layer has an insulation cavity for filling with insulation gas;
[0008] The heat insulation layer is disposed between two adjacent first sides.
[0009] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the heat insulation layer includes:
[0010] A first encapsulation layer, wherein the heat insulation cavity is formed by at least the first encapsulation layer;
[0011] In the first direction, at least a portion of the first encapsulation layer is located between the heat insulation cavity and the first side portion.
[0012] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the phase change layer further includes:
[0013] The second side portion, at least partially surrounding the periphery of the insulation cavity;
[0014] In the first direction, the second side portion is located between two adjacent first side portions;
[0015] In the second direction, at least a portion of the first encapsulation layer is located between the second side and the heat insulation cavity, and the second direction intersects the first direction.
[0016] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the ratio of the thickness of the second side portion to the thickness of the first side portion ranges from 0.8 to 1.2.
[0017] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the second side is connected to the first side on both sides in the first direction, so that the first side and the second side form a continuous whole surrounding the insulation layer.
[0018] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the heat insulation device further includes:
[0019] The second encapsulation layer is at least partially disposed around the first side.
[0020] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the heat insulation layer includes:
[0021] A first encapsulation layer, wherein the heat insulation cavity is formed by at least the first encapsulation layer;
[0022] The second encapsulation layer is disposed outside the first encapsulation layer, and the phase change layer is encapsulated between the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer.
[0023] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, in the first direction, the ratio of the thickness of the heat insulation cavity to the thickness of the phase change layer ranges from 3 to 8.
[0024] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the phase change layer includes:
[0025] The composite matrix has a network of pores for filling phase change materials.
[0026] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a battery pack, including at least two battery cells and a heat insulation device as described above;
[0027] The heat insulation device is provided between two adjacent battery cells.
[0028] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of this utility model are as follows:
[0029] In an embodiment of this utility model, by providing a heat insulation layer between the two first sides of the phase change layer, and the heat insulation layer having a heat insulation cavity for filling with heat insulation gas, the heat insulation gas can prevent heat conduction along the first direction while the phase change layer absorbs or releases heat to ensure temperature balance. At the same time, the heat insulation layer has good compression and rebound performance due to the heat insulation cavity, providing better buffering between battery cells. Attached Figure Description
[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0031] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the heat insulation device provided in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0032] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the heat insulation device provided in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the heat insulation device provided in the embodiment of this utility model;
[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the heat insulation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a third structure of the heat insulation device provided in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth structure of the heat insulation device provided in the embodiments of this utility model;
[0037] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the battery pack provided in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0038] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the battery pack provided in an embodiment of this utility model.
[0039] Figure label:
[0040] 100. Heat insulation device;
[0041] 110. Phase change layer; 111. First side portion; 112. Second side portion;
[0042] 120, heat insulation layer; 120a, heat insulation cavity; 121, first encapsulation layer;
[0043] 130. Second encapsulation layer;
[0044] 10. Battery pack; 200. Individual battery cells;
[0045] X, the first direction; Y, the second direction. Detailed Implementation
[0046] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model. Furthermore, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for illustration and explanation of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.
[0047] In this application, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" generally refer to the upper and lower positions of the device in its actual use or operating state, specifically the drawing directions in the accompanying drawings; while "inner" and "outer" refer to the outline of the device. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the term "comprising" means "including but not limited to". The terms first, second, third, etc., are used merely as illustrative purposes and do not impose numerical requirements or establish a numerical order.
[0048] In this application, "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. A and B can be singular or plural.
[0049] Firstly, referring to Figures 1 to 6 This application provides a heat insulation device 100, including a phase change layer 110 and a heat insulation layer 120.
[0050] The phase change layer 110 includes at least two first side portions 111 spaced apart in the first direction X.
[0051] It is understood that the phase change layer 110 is made of at least a phase change material, which is a substance that can change the state of matter and provide latent heat when the temperature remains constant. The process of changing the state of matter is called the phase change process, during which the phase change material will absorb or release latent heat.
[0052] As the temperature of the battery cell 200 attached to the heat insulation device 100 changes, the first side 111 undergoes a solid-liquid phase change or a liquid-gas phase change, autonomously absorbing or releasing heat to ensure the temperature balance of the battery cell 200 and prevent thermal runaway.
[0053] The heat insulation layer 120 is disposed between two adjacent first side portions 111 to ensure that the heat insulation layer 120 can absorb or release heat smoothly, and the heat insulation layer 120 has a heat insulation cavity 120a for filling with heat insulation gas.
[0054] It is understood that the insulation cavity 120a in the insulation layer 120 can be composed of multiple independent chambers, or only a single chamber can be provided in the insulation layer 120.
[0055] Through the above technical solution, by setting a heat insulation layer 120 between the two first sides 111 of the phase change layer 110, and the heat insulation layer 120 having a heat insulation cavity 120a for filling with heat insulation gas, the heat insulation gas can prevent heat conduction along the first direction X while the phase change layer 110 absorbs or releases heat to ensure temperature balance. At the same time, the heat insulation layer 120 has good compression and rebound performance due to the setting of the heat insulation cavity 120a, providing a good buffer between the battery cells 200, thereby solving the problems of thermal protection of the battery pack 10 and expansion force of the battery cells 200.
[0056] In some specific implementations, the insulating gas can be one or more of air, inert gas, etc. It is understood that air and inert gases have low thermal conductivity; for example, the thermal conductivity of air is 0.023 W / m·K, which can achieve better heat insulation effect.
[0057] In some specific embodiments, the heat insulation device 100 includes a combination of multiple heat insulation layers 120 and multiple first side portions 111. Each first side portion 111 is independent of the others or multiple first side portions 111 are connected to form a whole.
[0058] In some embodiments, refer to Figures 3 to 6 The heat insulation layer 120 includes a first encapsulation layer 121. The heat insulation cavity 120a is formed by at least the first encapsulation layer 121; wherein, in the first direction X, at least a portion of the first encapsulation layer 121 is located between the heat insulation cavity 120a and the first side portion 111.
[0059] It is understood that the first encapsulation layer 121 can be configured as a capsule structure, which isolates the heat insulation cavity 120a from the first side portion 111 at least in the first direction X. The heat insulation cavity 120a can be a chamber completely isolated from the external environment, thereby ensuring the compression and resilience performance of the heat insulation layer 120.
[0060] In some specific embodiments, the first encapsulation layer 121 may be made of a high-temperature resistant polymer material, such as polyimide (PI).
[0061] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4The phase change layer 110 further includes a second side portion 112. The second side portion 112 at least partially surrounds the periphery of the insulation cavity 120a.
[0062] In the first direction X, the second side portion 112 is located between two adjacent first side portions 111. Specifically, in the projection plane perpendicular to the first direction X, the projection profile of the second side portion 112 is inside the projection profile of the first side portion 111.
[0063] In the second direction Y, at least a portion of the first encapsulation layer 121 is located between the second side 112 and the heat insulation cavity 120a, and the second direction Y intersects the first direction X. The first encapsulation layer 121 isolates the heat insulation cavity 120a from the second side 112 at least in the second direction Y.
[0064] By adopting this solution, a second side 112 is provided between the two first sides 111, so that the second side 112 forms a support between the two first sides 111, thereby better maintaining the shape of the heat insulation layer 120.
[0065] In some specific implementations, the second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X.
[0066] In other embodiments, reference is made to Figure 5 and Figure 6 Alternatively, a second side 112 may not be provided between adjacent first side 111, and the support can be achieved only by the heat insulation layer 120 between adjacent first side 111.
[0067] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 3 The ratio of the thickness D2 of the second side portion 112 to the thickness D1 of the first side portion 111 ranges from 0.8 to 1.2.
[0068] By adopting such a range of values, it is ensured that the second side 112 has sufficient heat absorption and heat release effects while also having suitable support, so that the second side 112 can better maintain the shape of the insulation layer 120 and avoid affecting the compressibility of the insulation layer 120.
[0069] It is understood that the ratio of the thickness of the second side portion 112 to the thickness of the first side portion 111 can be one of the following: 0.8 to 0.9, 0.9 to 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 to 1.1, 1.1 to 1.2, etc.
[0070] In some specific embodiments, the thickness of the second side 112 is equal to the thickness of the first side 111, which facilitates the overall processing of the phase change layer 110.
[0071] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 3The second side portion 112 is connected to the first side portion 111 on both sides in the first direction X, so that the first side portion 111 and the second side portion 112 form a continuous whole around the heat insulation layer 120.
[0072] It is understood that the first side portion 111 and the second side portion 112 are integrally formed, and the continuous integral formed by the first side portion 111 and the second side portion 112 wraps the heat insulation layer 120.
[0073] This approach allows the first side 111 and the second side 112 to form a continuous heat absorption or release path, improving the uniformity of the overall phase change degree of the phase change layer 110 and facilitating the molding and processing of the first side 111 and the second side 112.
[0074] In some embodiments, refer to Figures 3 to 6 The heat insulation device 100 further includes a second encapsulation layer 130. The second encapsulation layer 130 at least partially surrounds the first side portion 111.
[0075] By adopting this approach, the first side 111 can be protected at least by setting the second encapsulation layer 130.
[0076] In some specific implementation methods, refer to Figure 4 and Figure 6 The first side portion 111 can be encapsulated solely by the second encapsulation layer 130, meaning the heat insulation device 100 is formed by stacking the first side portion 111 and the second encapsulation layer 130 together with the heat insulation layer 120. And referring to... Figure 4 The second side 112 can be encapsulated by the first encapsulation layer 121.
[0077] Or, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 5 The first side portion 111 can be jointly encapsulated by a first encapsulation layer 121 and a second encapsulation layer 130. (Refer to...) Figure 3 The second side 112 can also be jointly encapsulated by the first encapsulation layer 121 and the second encapsulation layer 130. Of course, referring to... Figure 5 Alternatively, the second side portion 112 may not be provided, and at least a portion of the first encapsulation layer 121 and at least a portion of the second encapsulation layer 130 may be directly bonded to the periphery of the heat insulation cavity 120a.
[0078] In some specific embodiments, the second encapsulation layer 130 may be made of a high-temperature resistant polymer material, such as polyimide (PI).
[0079] In some specific embodiments, the thickness of the first encapsulation layer 121 and the thickness of the second encapsulation layer 130 can be the same, or they can be designed to have different thicknesses according to actual needs.
[0080] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 5 The second encapsulation layer 130 is disposed outside the first encapsulation layer 121, and the phase change layer 110 is encapsulated between the first encapsulation layer 121 and the second encapsulation layer 130.
[0081] It can be understood that the first encapsulation layer 121 and the second encapsulation layer 130 are arranged sequentially around each other in the direction from the inside out.
[0082] With this approach, the phase change layer 110 and the heat insulation layer 120 share the first encapsulation layer 121, thereby reducing the overall thickness of the heat insulation device 100 while maintaining the same temperature resistance and heat insulation performance.
[0083] In some specific implementation methods, refer to Figure 3 The first side 111 and the second side 112 can be jointly encapsulated by the first encapsulation layer 121 and the second encapsulation layer 130. Of course, referring to... Figure 5 Alternatively, the second side 112 can be omitted, and at least a portion of the first encapsulation layer 121 and at least a portion of the second encapsulation layer 130 can be directly attached to the periphery of the heat insulation cavity 120a, so that the two first side 111s are independent of each other.
[0084] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 3 In the first direction X, the ratio of the thickness A2 of the heat insulation cavity 120a to the thickness A1 of the phase change layer 110 ranges from 3 to 8.
[0085] It can be understood that the thickness of the phase change layer 110 here refers to the sum of the thicknesses D1 of each of the first side portions 111 in the first direction X. The ratio of the thickness of the heat insulation cavity 120a to the thickness of the phase change layer 110 can be one of 3 to 4, 4 to 5, 5 to 6, 6 to 7, or 7 to 8.
[0086] In some specific implementations, the thickness of each layer can be obtained in the following way: Assuming the gap between battery cells 200 is designed as A, and the heat generated when a battery cell 200 experiences thermal runaway is W, thermal simulation shows that to ensure that adjacent battery cells 200 are not triggered to thermal runaway, the heat insulation device 100 needs to block Q heat. For example, it can be designed that 0.3Q of heat is absorbed by the phase change layer 110, and the remaining 0.7Q of heat is blocked by the heat insulation gas in the heat insulation cavity 120a. Then, based on the phase change absorption / release capacity of the phase change material, the thickness of the phase change layer 110 corresponding to 0.3Q of heat is calculated as A1; if the remaining 0.7Q of heat is to be blocked from transfer, the thickness of the heat insulation cavity 120a can be calculated as A2 based on the thermal conductivity of the heat insulation gas. Then, the thickness of the first encapsulation layer 121 and the second encapsulation layer 130 are both A3 = (A - A1 - A2) / 2.
[0087] In some specific implementation methods, refer to Figure 3 The thickness A1 of the phase change layer 110 ranges from 0.25 to 0.5 mm, which means the thickness D1 of each first side 111 ranges from 0.125 to 0.25 mm; the thickness A2 of the heat insulation cavity 120a ranges from 1.5 to 2.0 mm; and the thickness A3 of the first encapsulation layer 121 and the second encapsulation layer 130 ranges from 0.05 to 0.1 mm. The specific thickness value of each layer can be determined based on a comprehensive consideration of design requirements, materials, manufacturing costs, etc.
[0088] In some embodiments, the phase change layer 110 includes a composite matrix. The composite matrix is formed with a network of pores for filling the phase change material.
[0089] Specifically, the composite matrix includes one or more of metal foam and graphene; among them, metal foam is a lightweight porous material with a solid metal matrix and containing a large number of closed or interconnected pores, with a high porosity, accounting for 75% to 95%. Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in sp... 2 Two-dimensional crystalline materials composed of hybrid orbitals possess a unique hexagonal honeycomb structure. Both of these materials can form a network of pores suitable for phase change material filling.
[0090] It is understood that the composite matrix can be one of metal foam and graphene; or a composite material of metal foam and graphene. It should be noted that the metal foam, graphene, or composite material of metal foam and graphene involved in the composite matrix in this application are all applications of existing materials, and their specific preparation processes or formulation schemes will not be described in detail.
[0091] By adopting this approach, the phase change material is filled into the mesh pores of the composite matrix through the setting of the composite matrix. This ensures that when the phase change material changes from a solid state to a liquid state, or from a liquid state to a solid state, even if the volume of the phase change material changes slightly, the overall structure and volume of the phase change layer 110 do not change significantly, thus avoiding additional forces exerted by the phase change layer 110 on the battery cell 200.
[0092] In some specific embodiments, the phase change layer 110 may be made of a paraffin-based composite phase change material.
[0093] In some embodiments, the insulation device 100 is constructed as a thin cuboid, for example, the thickness may be 2 mm, 3 mm, etc.
[0094] Secondly, referring to Figure 7 and Figure 8 This application also provides a battery pack 10, including at least two battery cells 200 and the heat insulation device 100 as described above; wherein the heat insulation device 100 is provided between two adjacent battery cells 200.
[0095] The battery pack 10 has all the beneficial effects of the heat insulation device 100 described above, which will not be repeated here.
[0096] The embodiments of this utility model have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this utility model. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this utility model. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.
Claims
1. A heat insulation device (100), characterized in that, include: A phase change layer (110) includes at least two first side portions (111) spaced apart in a first direction (X); The insulation layer (120) has an insulation cavity (120a) for filling with insulation gas; The heat insulation layer (120) is disposed between two adjacent first side portions (111).
2. The heat insulation device (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat insulation layer (120) includes: A first encapsulation layer (121) is formed, wherein the heat insulation cavity (120a) is at least encapsulated by the first encapsulation layer (121); In the first direction (X), at least a portion of the first encapsulation layer (121) is located between the heat insulation cavity (120a) and the first side portion (111).
3. The heat insulation device (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The phase change layer (110) further includes: The second side portion (112) at least partially surrounds the periphery of the heat insulation cavity (120a); In the first direction (X), the second side (112) is located between two adjacent first side (111); In the second direction (Y), at least a portion of the first encapsulation layer (121) is located between the second side (112) and the heat insulation cavity (120a), and the second direction (Y) intersects the first direction (X).
4. The heat insulation device (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ratio of the thickness of the second side portion (112) to the thickness of the first side portion (111) ranges from 0.8 to 1.
2.
5. The heat insulation device (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second side (112) is connected to the first side (111) on both sides in the first direction (X) so that the first side (111) and the second side (112) form a continuous whole around the heat insulation layer (120).
6. The heat insulation device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The heat insulation device (100) further includes: The second encapsulation layer (130) is at least partially disposed on the first side (111).
7. The heat insulation device (100) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The heat insulation layer (120) includes: A first encapsulation layer (121) is formed, wherein the heat insulation cavity (120a) is at least encapsulated by the first encapsulation layer (121); The second encapsulation layer (130) is disposed outside the first encapsulation layer (121), and the phase change layer (110) is encapsulated between the first encapsulation layer (121) and the second encapsulation layer (130).
8. The heat insulation device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, In the first direction (X), the ratio of the thickness of the insulation cavity (120a) to the thickness of the first side portion (111) ranges from 3 to 8.
9. The heat insulation device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The phase change layer (110) includes: The composite matrix has a network of pores for filling phase change materials.
10. A battery pack (10), characterized in that, It includes at least two battery cells (200) and a heat insulation device (100) as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; The heat insulation device (100) is provided between two adjacent battery cells (200).