Multi-stage separation type harvesting device for ridge culture root-tuber crops

Abstract

The utility model relates to a multi-stage separation type ridge culture rhizome crop harvesting device which comprises a vehicle body and is characterized in that a soil screening assembly used for bearing and screening crops is arranged in the vehicle body, the soil screening assembly comprises a screen, the peripheral side of the screen is connected to the vehicle body through an elastic plate, top plates are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the screen, and the top plates are arranged on the vehicle body. A sliding rod extending in the inclined direction is vertically arranged on each top plate in a penetrating and sliding mode, a sleeve is fixedly connected to the bottom of each sliding rod, an eccentric wheel for driving the corresponding sleeve to push and pull the corresponding sliding rod in a reciprocating mode is arranged in each sleeve, and the eccentric wheels penetrate through the same driving rod and are in linkage; a conveying belt is arranged below the screen, a stirring assembly used for circularly stirring the inner surface of the conveying belt is arranged between the upper layer and the lower layer of the conveying belt, and the multi-stage separation type ridge culture rhizome crop harvesting device is reasonable in structure, high in adaptability and capable of effectively protecting crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a multi-stage, separate ridge-growing root and stem crop harvesting device. Background Technology

[0002] Harvesting root and tuber crops is a crucial aspect of agricultural mechanized harvesting technology, primarily involving soil excavation, separation of crop roots and tubers from the soil, and collection and sorting of the roots and tubers. Current technologies typically employ vibratory shovels or roller cutters to directly break up the soil during the soil crushing process. This method can damage the outer skin of some root and tuber crops, reducing their value. Soil separation is generally performed using single-stage separation devices, which may not be timely enough in environments with highly sticky soils. Furthermore, these devices are mostly suitable only for separating tuberous crops, offering limited applicability to smaller root and tuber crops that are more difficult to separate. Some devices combine soil excavation and separation into two separate mechanical structures, lacking integration, such as a root and tuber crop harvesting device (CN116569729A). Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a multi-stage separation ridge-growing root and stem crop harvesting device, which not only has a reasonable structure, but also effectively protects the crops during the crushing process.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of this utility model is: a multi-stage separation ridge-growing root and tuber crop harvesting device, including a vehicle body, a soil screening component for receiving and screening crops is installed inside the vehicle body, the soil screening component includes a screen, the screen is connected to the vehicle body by an elastic plate on its periphery, top plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the screen, and a sliding rod extending obliquely is vertically inserted and slidably connected to each top plate, the bottom of each sliding rod is fixedly connected to a sleeve, and an eccentric wheel is installed in each sleeve to drive the sleeve to push and pull the sliding rod back and forth, the two eccentric wheels are passed through the same drive rod and linked together; a conveyor belt is arranged below the screen, and an actuating component for cyclically actuating the inner surface of the conveyor belt is arranged between the upper and lower layers of the conveyor belt.

[0005] Furthermore, the top of the slide rod is provided with a plurality of adjustment holes spaced apart along its length, a top block is fitted on the slide rod and fixed to the adjustment holes by bolts passing through the top block, and a spring is connected between the top block and the top plate.

[0006] Furthermore, each set of sliding rods is equipped with two sets of top blocks located on both sides of the top plate, and two sets of corresponding springs are provided, with the two ends of the springs fixedly connected to the top plate and the top blocks respectively.

[0007] Furthermore, the actuating assembly includes a long rod extending along the width of the conveyor belt, with several mounting seats evenly distributed on the long rod. Several levers are fixed on the mounting seats to swing and actuate the upper and lower conveyor belts as the long rod rotates. One end of the long rod rotates in the same direction as the conveyor belt via a synchronous chain.

[0008] Furthermore, the vehicle body on the front side of the soil screening assembly is equipped with a lifting assembly for lifting crops onto the screen. The lifting assembly includes an inclined conveyor chain. Both the upper and lower ends of the conveyor chain are equipped with lifting shafts that drive the conveyor chain to circulate. One end of the lifting shaft at the top is synchronously linked with the drive rod via a synchronous chain, and the other end is synchronously linked with the conveyor belt via a synchronous chain and a gear set so that the conveyor belt and the conveyor chain convey in opposite directions, that is, the soil screening assembly, the conveyor belt, and the lifting assembly are synchronously linked.

[0009] Furthermore, the conveyor chain is provided with several trays at intervals to support crops.

[0010] Furthermore, a soil-crushing component is installed on the front side of the vehicle body of the lifting assembly. The soil-crushing component includes a horizontal shaft, and several spring groups are evenly distributed along the outer circumference of the horizontal shaft. Each spring group consists of high-strength springs spaced apart along the length of the horizontal shaft and rubber blocks fixed to the outer ends of the high-strength springs. The high-strength springs all extend radially. One end of the horizontal shaft is linked to a drive gear via a synchronous chain. The drive gear meshes with a driven gear, and the driven gear is coaxially connected to the lifting shaft at the bottom of the lifting assembly.

[0011] Furthermore, a soil-breaking component is provided on the vehicle body at the front of the soil-breaking component. The soil-breaking component includes a rotating shaft, and several soil-breaking rods are staggered on the surface of the rotating shaft. The soil-breaking rods are irregularly arranged on the rotating shaft and extend in an arc. One end of the rotating shaft is linked to the horizontal shaft via a synchronous chain, and the other end is linked to the drive wheel synchronously via a synchronous chain.

[0012] Furthermore, the conveyor belt is equipped with a collection box at its end for receiving crops, which is slidably connected to the vehicle body in a drawer-like manner.

[0013] Furthermore, the vehicle body includes a frame and drive wheels disposed at the bottom of the frame.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. It is mainly suitable for separating crops with poor soil conditions and high separation difficulty. The lifting device plays a preliminary role in separating the soil after it has been broken up, reducing the pressure of subsequent separation.

[0016] 2. The function of the soil screening component is to crush and separate soil. It is suitable for soils with high viscosity and for crops with small roots and stems. The screen mesh size and vibration intensity can be adjusted to improve the separation effect of crops.

[0017] 3. The actuating component can reciprocate to strike the surface of the conveyor belt to perform the final separation of crops. It uses centrifugal force to strike the rubber conveyor belt, which can avoid hard collision between the actuating rod and the conveyor belt and extend its service life.

[0018] This multi-stage, separate ridge-growing root and stem crop harvesting device has a reasonable structure. It can both apply pressure to the soil to break it up and limit the pressure, thus protecting the crops during the breaking process.

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the cooperation between the soil screening component and the actuating component in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged diagram of A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a top view of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lifting component in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the soil-breaking component in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the soil-breaking component in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the toggle component in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] In the diagram: 1-Car body, 2-Soil screening assembly, 3-Screen, 4-Elastic plate, 5-Connecting rod, 6-Connecting plate, 7-Top plate, 8-Slide rod, 9-Sleeve, 10-Eccentric wheel, 11-Drive rod, 12-Conveyor belt, 13-Actuating assembly, 14-Adjusting hole, 15-Top block, 16-Spring, 17-Long rod, 18-Mounting base, 19-Actuating rod, 20-Lifting assembly, 21-Conveyor mesh chain, 22-Lifting shaft, 23-Panel, 24-Soil breaking assembly, 25-Horizontal shaft, 26-High-strength spring, 27-Rubber block, 28-Anti-jamming component, 29-Drive gear, 30-Driven gear, 31-Soil breaking assembly, 32-Rotating shaft, 33-Soil breaking rod, 34-Collection box, 35-Horizontal shaft, 36-Synchronous chain. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the above-mentioned features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings for detailed explanation.

[0030] like Figures 1-8 As shown, a multi-stage separating ridge-growing root and tuber crop harvesting device includes a vehicle body 1. A soil-screening assembly 2 is installed inside the vehicle body to receive and screen the crop and clay. The soil-screening assembly includes a screen 3. The screen is connected to the vehicle body via elastic plates 4. The elastic plates are arranged in pairs, forming four groups, which are respectively arranged around the screen and primarily provide support while also passively vibrating. The parallel elastic plates are connected by connecting rods 5, and each elastic plate is fixed to the screen. The lower ends of the elastic plates are fixed to the vehicle body via connecting plates 6. Top plates 7 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the screen, each top plate having a vertically inserted and sliding mechanism. A sliding rod 8 extends diagonally downwards from front to back, and the corresponding screen also extends diagonally downwards from front to back to transfer crops onto the conveyor belt. Each sliding rod has a sleeve 9 fixed to its bottom. Each sleeve has an eccentric wheel 10 installed inside to drive the sleeve to push and pull the sliding rod back and forth. The two eccentric wheels are driven by the same drive rod 11 passing through their shafts. The drive rod is rotatably connected to the vehicle body via a bearing. A conveyor belt 12 is installed below the screen. An actuating component 13 is installed between the upper and lower layers of the conveyor belt to circulate and actuate the inner surface of the conveyor belt. The conveyor belt is a conveyor belt with gaps, and the gaps are larger than the mesh size of the screen.

[0031] In this embodiment of the utility model, a plurality of adjustment holes 14 are spaced apart at the top of the slide rod along its length direction, a top block 15 is sleeved on the slide rod and fixed to the adjustment holes by bolts passing through the top block, and a spring 16 is abutted between the top block and the top plate.

[0032] In this embodiment of the utility model, each set of sliding rods is provided with two sets of top blocks and is respectively located on both sides of the top plate. Correspondingly, two sets of springs are provided, and the two ends of the springs are respectively fixed to the top plate and the top blocks.

[0033] In this embodiment of the utility model, the actuating component includes a long rod 17 extending along the width direction of the conveyor belt. The long rod is rotatably connected to the vehicle body via a bearing. A plurality of mounting seats 18 are evenly distributed on the long rod. A plurality of levers 19 are fixed on the mounting seats to swing and actuate the upper and lower conveyor belts as the long rod rotates. One end of the long rod rotates in the same direction as the conveyor belt via a synchronous chain.

[0034] In this embodiment of the utility model, a lifting assembly 20 for lifting crops onto the screen is provided on the vehicle body at the front of the soil screening assembly. The lifting assembly includes an inclined conveyor chain 21. Both the upper and lower ends of the conveyor chain are provided with lifting shafts 22 for driving the conveyor chain to circulate. One end of the lifting shaft at the top is synchronously linked with the drive rod via a synchronous chain, and the other end is synchronously linked with the conveyor belt via a synchronous chain and a gear set so that the conveyor belt and the conveyor chain convey in opposite directions. The gear set consists of two sets of gears, and a set of gears is provided on the lifting shaft and the conveyor belt shaft to achieve reverse rotation, that is, to complete the synchronous linkage between the soil screening assembly, the conveyor belt and the lifting assembly. The lifting shaft is rotatably connected to the vehicle body via bearings.

[0035] In this embodiment of the utility model, the conveyor chain is provided with a plurality of trays 23 for supporting crops at intervals.

[0036] In this embodiment of the utility model, a soil-crushing component 24 is provided on the vehicle body at the front of the lifting assembly. The soil-crushing component includes a horizontal shaft 25, and several spring groups are evenly distributed along the outer periphery of the horizontal shaft. Each spring group consists of high-strength springs 26 spaced apart along the length of the horizontal shaft and rubber blocks 27 fixed to the outer ends of the high-strength springs. Anti-jamming components 28 are provided between each spring group, and several anti-jamming components are also spaced apart along the length of the horizontal shaft. The high-strength springs all extend radially. One end of the horizontal shaft is linked to a driving gear 29 via a synchronous chain. The driving gear meshes with a driven gear 30. The driven gear is coaxially connected to the lifting shaft at the bottom of the lifting assembly. The horizontal shaft is rotatably connected to the vehicle body via bearings.

[0037] In this embodiment of the utility model, a soil breaking component 31 is provided on the vehicle body at the front of the soil breaking component. The soil breaking component includes a rotating shaft 32, and a plurality of soil breaking rods 33 are staggered on the surface of the rotating shaft. The soil breaking rods are irregularly arranged on the rotating shaft and extend in an arc. One end of the rotating shaft is linked to the horizontal shaft via a synchronous chain, and the other end is linked to the drive wheel synchronously via a synchronous chain 35.

[0038] In this embodiment of the invention, the end of the conveyor belt is provided with a collection box 34 for receiving crops, which is slidably connected to the vehicle body in a drawer-like manner.

[0039] In this embodiment of the utility model, the vehicle body includes a frame and drive wheels disposed at the bottom of the frame. The drive motor of the drive wheels and related steering and other drive components are all mature conventional technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0040] The working principle of this utility model embodiment is as follows: First, the vehicle starts. As the vehicle moves forward, the soil-breaking component drives the soil-breaking rod to rotate via the rotating shaft to break the soil and swing the soil-bearing crop onto the soil-crushing component. The soil-crushing component rotates and applies pressure to the soil to break it up, while also limiting the pressure to protect the crop during the crushing process. Through the soil crushing and agitation of the soil-crushing component, the crop is transferred to the lifting component, and then the lifting mesh chain and pallet transfer the crop to the soil-screening component. The drive rod drives the eccentric wheel to rotate inside the sleeve, which in turn drives the sleeve linkage slide rod to complete the extension and retraction action. That is, the spring increases the reciprocating frequency to complete the reciprocating shaking of the screen, vibrating and screening out large pieces of soil and soil adhering to the crop. As the crop vibrates, it falls from the rear end onto the conveyor belt, which is then transported forward. The lever of the agitator component agitates the conveyor belt to shake off excess soil, completing the separation of soil and crop, and transporting the crop to the collection box.

[0041] This utility model is not limited to the preferred embodiment described above. Anyone can derive other forms of multi-stage, separate ridge-growing root crop harvesting devices based on the teachings of this utility model. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this utility model shall fall within the scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-stage, separate-type ridge-growing root and tuber crop harvesting device, comprising a vehicle body, characterized in that: The vehicle body is equipped with a soil screening component for receiving and screening crops. The soil screening component includes a screen, which is connected to the vehicle body via an elastic plate. Top plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the screen, and a sliding rod extending obliquely is vertically inserted and slidably connected to each top plate. A sleeve is fixedly connected to the bottom of each sliding rod, and an eccentric wheel is provided inside each sleeve to drive the sleeve to push and pull the sliding rod back and forth. The eccentric wheel is driven by the same drive rod and is linked together. A conveyor belt is arranged below the screen, and an actuation component is arranged between the upper and lower layers of the conveyor belt to circulate and actuate the inner surface of the conveyor belt.

2. The multi-stage separation type ridge-growing root and tuber crop harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the slide rod is provided with a number of adjustment holes spaced apart along its length. A top block is fitted on the slide rod and is fixed to the adjustment holes by bolts passing through the top block. A spring is connected between the top block and the top plate.

3. The multi-stage separation type ridge-growing root and tuber crop harvesting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each set of sliding rods is equipped with two sets of top blocks, which are located on both sides of the top plate. Correspondingly, two sets of springs are provided, and the two ends of the springs are fixedly connected to the top plate and the top blocks, respectively.

4. The multi-stage separating ridge-growing root and tuber crop harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The actuating assembly includes a long rod extending along the width of the conveyor belt. Several mounting seats are evenly distributed on the long rod. Several levers are fixed on the mounting seats to swing and actuate the upper and lower conveyor belts as the long rod rotates. One end of the long rod rotates in the same direction as the conveyor belt via a synchronous chain.

5. A multi-stage separating ridge-growing root and tuber crop harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front side of the soil screening assembly is equipped with a lifting assembly that lifts crops onto the screen. The lifting assembly includes an inclined conveyor chain. Both the upper and lower ends of the conveyor chain are equipped with lifting shafts that drive the conveyor chain to circulate. One end of the lifting shaft at the top is synchronously linked with the drive rod via a synchronous chain, and the other end is synchronously linked with the conveyor belt via a synchronous chain and a gear set so that the conveyor belt and the conveyor chain convey in opposite directions.

6. A multi-stage separating ridge-growing root and tuber crop harvesting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The conveyor chain is provided with several trays at intervals to support crops.

7. A multi-stage separating ridge-growing root and tuber crop harvesting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A soil-breaking component is installed on the front side of the vehicle body of the lifting assembly. The soil-breaking component includes a horizontal shaft. Several spring groups are evenly distributed along the outer circumference of the horizontal shaft. Each spring group consists of high-strength springs spaced apart along the length of the horizontal shaft and rubber blocks fixed to the outer ends of the high-strength springs. The high-strength springs all extend radially. One end of the horizontal shaft is linked to a drive gear via a synchronous chain. The drive gear meshes with a driven gear, which is coaxially connected to the lifting shaft at the bottom of the lifting assembly.

8. A multi-stage separating ridge-growing root and tuber crop harvesting device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The soil breaking component is mounted on the vehicle body at the front of the soil breaking component. The soil breaking component includes a rotating shaft. Several soil breaking rods are offset on the surface of the rotating shaft. The soil breaking rods all extend in an arc direction. One end of the rotating shaft is linked to the horizontal shaft via a synchronous chain, and the other end is linked to the drive wheel synchronously via a synchronous chain.

9. A multi-stage separating ridge-growing root and tuber crop harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveyor belt is equipped with a collection box at its end to receive crops. The collection box is slidably connected to the vehicle body in a drawer-like manner.

10. A multi-stage separating ridge-growing root and tuber crop harvesting device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The vehicle body includes a frame and drive wheels mounted at the bottom of the frame.

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