Tunnel lining waterproof and drainage structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a tunnel lining waterproof and drainage structure which comprises a tunnel surrounding rock, a main drainage pipe located at the bottom of the tunnel surrounding rock and a ground drainage module used for ground drainage, and a primary support layer, a waterproof plate layer, a waterproof spraying layer and a secondary lining layer are sequentially arranged from outside to inside from the tunnel surrounding rock. An outer drainage layer used for draining water between the primary supporting layer and the waterproof plate layer is arranged between the primary supporting layer and the waterproof plate layer, and a drainage plate used for draining water between the waterproof spraying layer and the secondary lining layer is arranged between the waterproof spraying layer and the secondary lining layer. The drainage plate receives water drained by the outer drainage layer; through the arrangement of double-layer drainage, leakage holes are prevented from being punched in the primary supporting layer, the supporting effect of the primary supporting layer is guaranteed, and through the arrangement of multiple pipes, the overall drainage effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically to a tunnel lining drainage and waterproofing structure. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in order to reduce water pressure behind the lining, most tunnel projects are constructed according to the principle of "drainage as the main focus". Longitudinal and circumferential blind pipes, non-woven fabrics and waterproof boards are installed between the initial support and the secondary lining to achieve the purpose of draining groundwater behind the secondary lining.

[0003] Chinese utility model patent CN217327332U discloses a tunnel lining structure for mining methods. This patent achieves drainage between the initial support layer and the secondary lining layer by setting a drainage leveling layer and a circumferential drainage pipe between the initial support layer and the secondary lining layer. Although this structure allows the tunnel sprayed membrane lining structure to take into account both the drainage needs of the tunnel and the stress advantages of the sprayed membrane lining, the structure's drainage through perforations can easily affect the support strength of the initial support layer. Furthermore, in multi-module tunnel lining, there is no way to quickly drain seepage water when the bottom drainage pipe becomes blocked. Therefore, a tunnel lining drainage structure that can avoid perforation and still function as a drainage pipe when the drainage holes become blocked is needed. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to address the issue of how the drainage structure of existing tunnel linings affects the strength of the support structure by using perforated drainage.

[0005] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A tunnel lining drainage structure includes tunnel surrounding rock, a main drainage pipe located at the bottom of the tunnel surrounding rock, and a surface drainage module. From the outside to the inside of the tunnel surrounding rock, an initial support layer, a waterproof membrane layer, a waterproof spray layer, and a secondary lining layer are arranged sequentially. An external drainage layer is provided between the initial support layer and the waterproof membrane layer to drain water between them. A drainage plate is provided between the waterproof spray layer and the secondary lining layer to drain water between them. The drainage plate receives water discharged from the external drainage layer. A diversion drainage pipe is provided at the bottom of the initial support layer to receive water discharged from the drainage plate and guide it into the main drainage pipe. A connecting block for extending the diversion drainage pipe is installed on the diversion drainage pipe.

[0007] In some alternative technical solutions, a filling layer is provided between the waterproof spray coating layer and the secondary lining layer. The filling layer is filled with crushed stone, and a waterproof spray coating drainage plate is provided at the interface between the filling layer and the secondary lining layer to drain the water between the waterproof spray coating layer and the secondary lining layer.

[0008] In some optional technical solutions, the waterproof spray coating drainage plate is set on the drainage plate, and multiple drainage conduits I are fixedly arranged in an array on the waterproof spray coating drainage plate. A drainage groove II is fixedly installed on the first end of the multiple drainage conduits I. The drainage groove II is fixedly installed with the waterproof spray coating drainage plate and is close to the inner side of the waterproof spray coating. The drainage groove II is used to drain the water between the waterproof spray coating and the secondary lining layer into the drainage conduit I.

[0009] In some optional technical solutions, a drainage channel I is fixedly installed on the waterproof spray coating drainage plate. The drainage channel I is in close contact with the side of the filling layer near the initial support layer. Multiple drainage conduits IV are fixedly arranged in an array on the drainage channel I. The drainage channel I drains the water between the filling layer and the secondary lining layer into the drainage conduits IV. The drainage conduits IV are connected to the drainage conduits I and are used to receive the water in the drainage conduits I.

[0010] In some optional technical solutions, multiple drainage pipes Ⅲ are fixedly arranged on the drainage plate. The drainage pipes Ⅲ are connected to the drainage pipes Ⅳ. The drainage pipes Ⅲ are used to receive the water in the drainage pipes Ⅳ and guide the water into the drainage pipe.

[0011] In some optional technical solutions, an external drainage layer diversion plate is fixedly installed on the drainage plate, and multiple diversion conduits II are fixedly arranged in an array on the external drainage layer diversion plate. The diversion conduits II are used to receive the water discharged from the external drainage layer. The diversion conduits II are connected to the diversion conduits III, and the water received by the diversion conduits II is diverted to the drainage pipe through the diversion conduits III.

[0012] In some alternative technical solutions, the drainage pipe is provided with multiple drainage holes, which are connected to the main drainage pipe to drain the water in the drainage pipe into the main drainage pipe.

[0013] In some optional technical solutions, the external drainage layer is provided with multiple annular guide pipes for guiding and draining water between the initial support layer and the secondary lining layer at the invert. The external drainage layer is also provided with multiple longitudinal guide channels for collecting water between the initial support layer and the waterproof liner layer. The two sides of the longitudinal guide channels are respectively attached to the initial support layer and the waterproof liner layer. The annular guide pipes pass through the longitudinal guide channels on the upper layer of the external drainage layer and are connected to the longitudinal guide channels at the bottom of the external drainage layer, for collecting water in the longitudinal guide channels in the longitudinal guide channels at the bottom of the external drainage layer. Multiple drainage guide pipes for drainage are fixedly installed on the longitudinal guide channels at the bottom of the external drainage layer. The drainage guide pipes are connected to the drainage plate for discharging the collected water into the drainage plate.

[0014] The use of annular diversion pipes and longitudinal diversion channels helps to drain water seepage between the initial support layer and the waterproof membrane layer, reducing the impact of seepage on the secondary lining layer.

[0015] In some optional technical solutions, a lower fastening plate is fixedly installed on the connecting block, and an upper fastening plate is slidably installed on the connecting block. The upper and lower fastening plates cooperate to initially fasten the drainage pipe. A bolt rod is rotatably installed on the upper fastening plate, and a threaded fastening port II is provided on the connecting block. The bolt rod on the upper fastening plate is threadedly connected to the threaded fastening port II. A side fastening plate for secondary fastening of the drainage pipe is slidably installed on the connecting block. The connecting block is provided with a threaded fastening port I, and a bolt rod is rotatably installed on the side fastening plate. The bolt rod on the side fastening plate is threadedly connected to the threaded fastening port I.

[0016] After the drainage structure of a section of the tunnel is laid, the drainage structure of a new section of the tunnel needs to be laid. During the laying, the drainage pipes in the drainage structure of the previous section of the tunnel can be connected to the drainage pipes in the drainage structure of this section of the tunnel. The connection blocks can realize the connection of multiple sections of the drainage pipes, so as to avoid drainage failure caused by the drainage holes of the drainage pipes in a certain section of the drainage structure being blocked, and greatly ensure drainage efficiency.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. This utility model avoids drilling seepage holes in the initial support layer by using a double-layer drainage system, thus ensuring the support effect of the initial support layer. Furthermore, the multi-pipe system increases the overall drainage effect.

[0019] 2. The drainage of seepage between the initial support layer and the waterproof liner layer is completed by using a combination of annular diversion pipe and longitudinal diversion channel, thereby reducing the impact of seepage on the secondary lining layer.

[0020] 3. By connecting the modules, multiple sections of the drainage pipe can be connected, avoiding drainage failures caused by blockage of the drainage holes in a certain section of the drainage structure, thus greatly ensuring drainage efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This utility model Figure 1 Structural intent at point A;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a side view of the overall structure of the external drainage layer of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the drainage plate of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 5 This utility model Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure at point B;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the connecting block of this utility model.

[0028] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0029] 1-Tunnel surrounding rock; 2-Initial support layer; 3-Secondary lining layer; 4-Connecting block; 5-Main drainage pipe; 6-Drainage pipe; 7-Drainage plate; 8-External drainage layer; 9-Waterproof board layer; 10-Waterproof spray coating layer; 11-Filling layer; 12-Ground drainage module; 41-Upper fastening plate; 42-Side fastening plate; 43-Lower fastening plate; 44-Threaded fastening port I; 45-Threaded fastening port II; 71-External drainage layer drainage plate; 72-Waterproof spray coating drainage plate; 73-Drainage conduit I; 74-Drainage conduit II; 75-Drainage channel I; 76-Drainage conduit III; 77-Drainage conduit IV; 78-Drainage channel II; 81-Annular guide pipe; 82-Longitudinal guide channel; 83-Drainage guide pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this utility model are for explaining the utility model only and are not intended to limit the utility model. It should be noted that this utility model is already in the actual research and development stage.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, a tunnel lining drainage structure includes a tunnel surrounding rock 1, a main drainage pipe 5 located at the bottom of the tunnel surrounding rock 1 for drainage, and a surface drainage module 12 for surface drainage. From the outside to the inside of the tunnel surrounding rock 1, an initial support layer 2, a waterproof slab layer 9, a waterproof spray layer 10, and a secondary lining layer 3 are arranged sequentially. An external drainage layer 8 is provided between the initial support layer 2 and the waterproof slab layer 9 to drain the water between the initial support layer 2 and the waterproof slab layer 9. Two drainage plates 7 are provided between the waterproof spray layer 10 and the secondary lining layer 3 to drain the water between the waterproof spray layer 10 and the secondary lining layer 3. The drainage plates 7 receive the water discharged from the external drainage layer 8. At the bottom of the initial support layer 2, a diversion drainage pipe 6 is provided to receive the water discharged from the two drainage plates 7 and guide the water to the main drainage pipe 5 for discharge. A connecting block 4 for auxiliary extension connection of the diversion drainage pipe 6 is installed on the diversion drainage pipe 6.

[0033] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, two filling layers 11 are provided between the waterproof spray coating layer 10 and the secondary lining layer 3. Both filling layers 11 are filled with crushed stone. Waterproof spray coating drainage plates 72 are respectively provided at the interface between the two filling layers 11 and the secondary lining layer 3 to drain water between the waterproof spray coating layer 10 and the secondary lining layer 3. The two waterproof spray coating drainage plates 72 are respectively set on two drainage plates 7. Multiple drainage conduits I 73 (the number is set according to requirements) are fixedly arranged in an array on each waterproof spray coating drainage plate 72. Drainage channels II 78 are fixedly installed on the first end of the multiple drainage conduits I 73. Two drainage channels II 78 are respectively fixedly installed to the two waterproof spray coating drainage plates 72. The two drainage channels II 78 are respectively close to the inner sides of both sides of the waterproof spray coating layer 10. The two drainage channels II 78 are used to drain water between the waterproof spray coating layer 10 and the secondary lining layer 3. Water between the filling layer 11 and the secondary lining layer 3 is diverted to the drainage conduit I 73; two waterproof spray-coated drainage plates 72 are also fixedly installed with drainage channels I 75, which are respectively attached to the side of the two filling layers 11 near the initial support layer 2. Multiple drainage conduits IV 77 (the number is set according to the requirements) are fixedly arranged on the two drainage channels I 75. The two drainage channels I 75 divert water between the filling layer 11 and the secondary lining layer 3 to the drainage conduit IV 77. The drainage conduit IV 77 is connected to the drainage conduit I 73 and is used to receive water in the drainage conduit I 73; multiple drainage conduits III 76 (the number is set according to the requirements) are fixedly arranged on the drainage plate 7. The drainage conduit III 76 is connected to the drainage conduit IV 77 and is used to receive water in the drainage conduit IV 77 and guide the water to the drainage pipe 6.

[0034] An external drainage layer diversion plate 71 is also fixedly installed on the drainage plate 7. Multiple diversion conduits II 74 (the number is set according to the requirements) are fixedly arranged in an array on the external drainage layer diversion plate 71. The diversion conduits II 74 are used to receive the water discharged from the drainage diversion pipe 83. The diversion conduits II 74 are connected to the diversion conduits III 76. The water received by the diversion conduits II 74 is diverted to the diversion drainage pipe 6 through the diversion conduits III 76. The water between the initial support layer 2 and the waterproof board layer 9 and between the waterproof spray layer 10 and the secondary lining layer 3 is collected by the two drainage plates 7 and diverted to the diversion drainage pipe 6. The diversion drainage pipe 6 is provided with multiple drainage holes, which are connected to the main drainage pipe 5 to drain the water in the diversion drainage pipe 6 into the main drainage pipe 5. The double-layer drainage setting avoids drilling holes in the initial support layer 2, ensuring the support effect of the initial support layer 2. Furthermore, the multi-pipe setting increases the overall drainage effect.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the outer drainage layer 8 is provided with multiple annular guide pipes 81 (the number is set according to requirements) for guiding and draining water between the initial support layer 2 and the secondary lining layer 3 at the invert. The outer drainage layer 8 is also provided with multiple longitudinal guide channels 82 (the number is set according to requirements) for collecting water between the initial support layer 2 and the waterproof liner layer 9. The two sides of the longitudinal guide channels 82 are respectively attached to the initial support layer 2 and the waterproof liner layer 9. The annular guide pipes 81 pass through the two longitudinal guide channels 82 except for the lowest layer and are connected to the two lowest longitudinal guide channels 82, for collecting water in the longitudinal guide channels 82 in the two lowest longitudinal guide channels 82. Multiple drainage guide pipes 83 (the number is set according to the requirements) are fixedly installed on the guide channel 82. The drainage guide pipes 83 on the two longitudinal guide channels 82 are connected to the drainage pipes II 74 on the two outer drainage layer guide plates 71 to discharge the accumulated water into the drainage pipes II 74. The water that seeps into the arch of the initial support layer 2 and the secondary lining layer 3 is discharged through the annular guide pipe 81, and the water that seeps into the space between the initial support layer 2 and the waterproof liner layer 9 is drained through the longitudinal guide channel 82. The annular guide pipe 81 and the longitudinal guide channel 82 work together to drain the water that seeps between the initial support layer 2 and the waterproof liner layer 9, reducing the impact of water seepage on the secondary lining layer 3.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] like Figure 6As shown, in this embodiment, a lower fastening plate 43 is fixedly installed on the connecting block 4, and an upper fastening plate 41 is slidably installed on the connecting block 4. The upper fastening plate 41 and the lower fastening plate 43 cooperate to initially fasten the drainage pipe 6. A bolt rod is rotatably installed on the upper fastening plate 41. A threaded fastening port II 45 is provided on the connecting block 4, and the bolt rod on the upper fastening plate 41 is threadedly connected to the threaded fastening port II 45. Two side fastening plates 42 for secondary fastening of the drainage pipe 6 are slidably installed on the connecting block 4. Two threaded fastening ports I 44 are provided on the connecting block 4, and bolt rods are rotatably installed on the two side fastening plates 42 respectively. The bolt rods on the side fastening plates 42 are threadedly connected to the threaded fastening ports I 44. During operation, after the drainage structure of a section of the tunnel is laid, the drainage structure of a new section of the tunnel needs to be laid. The drainage pipe 6 in the previous section of the tunnel drainage structure can be connected to the drainage pipe 6 in this section of the tunnel drainage structure. This allows for multi-section connectivity and avoids drainage failures caused by blockage of the drainage holes in the drainage pipe 6 in a certain section of the drainage structure, greatly ensuring drainage efficiency. During installation, the drainage pipe 6 of the new drainage structure is pressed tightly against the drainage pipe 6 of the previous drainage structure. The bolt rod of the upper fastening plate 41 is rotated, so that the upper fastening plate 41 and the lower fastening plate 43 can initially and tightly fix the two drainage pipes 6. After the initial fixation is completed, the bolt rods on the two side fastening plates 42 are rotated respectively, so that the two drainage pipes 6 can be tightened again through the two side fastening plates 42, thus completing the connection of the two drainage pipes 6. After the connection is completed, the next section of the drainage structure is laid.

[0039] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A tunnel lining drainage structure, comprising tunnel surrounding rock (1), a main drainage pipe (5) located at the bottom of the tunnel surrounding rock (1), and a surface drainage module (12) for surface drainage, wherein an initial support layer (2), a waterproof board layer (9), a waterproof spray layer (10), and a secondary lining layer (3) are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside of the tunnel surrounding rock (1), characterized in that: An external drainage layer (8) is provided between the initial support layer (2) and the waterproof board layer (9) to drain the water between the initial support layer (2) and the waterproof board layer (9). A drainage plate (7) is provided between the waterproof spray layer (10) and the secondary lining layer (3) to drain the water between the waterproof spray layer (10) and the secondary lining layer (3). The drainage plate (7) receives the water discharged from the external drainage layer (8). A drainage pipe (6) is provided at the bottom of the initial support layer (2) to receive the water discharged from the drainage plate (7) and guide the water to the main drainage pipe (5) for discharge. A connecting block (4) for extending the drainage pipe (6) is installed on the drainage pipe (6).

2. The tunnel lining drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filling layer (11) is provided between the waterproof spray coating layer (10) and the secondary lining layer (3). The filling layer (11) is filled with crushed stone. A waterproof spray coating drainage plate (72) is provided at the interface between the filling layer (11) and the secondary lining layer (3) to drain the water between the waterproof spray coating layer (10) and the secondary lining layer (3).

3. The tunnel lining drainage structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The waterproof spray coating drainage plate (72) is set on the drainage plate (7). Multiple drainage pipes I (73) are fixedly arranged on the waterproof spray coating drainage plate (72). A drainage groove II (78) is fixedly installed on the first end of the multiple drainage pipes I (73). The drainage groove II (78) is fixedly installed with the waterproof spray coating drainage plate (72). The drainage groove II (78) is close to the inner side of the waterproof spray coating (10). The drainage groove II (78) is used to drain the water between the waterproof spray coating (10) and the secondary lining layer (3) into the drainage pipe I (73).

4. A tunnel lining drainage structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The waterproof spray coating drainage plate (72) is fixedly installed with a drainage channel I (75). The drainage channel I (75) is closely attached to the side of the filling layer (11) near the initial support layer (2). Multiple drainage conduits IV (77) are fixedly arranged in an array on the drainage channel I (75). The drainage channel I (75) drains the water between the filling layer (11) and the secondary lining layer (3) into the drainage conduit IV (77). The drainage conduit IV (77) is connected to the drainage conduit I (73). The drainage conduit IV (77) is used to receive the water in the drainage conduit I (73).

5. A tunnel lining drainage structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: Multiple drainage pipes Ⅲ (76) are fixedly arranged on the drainage plate (7). The drainage pipes Ⅲ (76) are connected to the drainage pipes Ⅳ (77). The drainage pipes Ⅲ (76) are used to receive the water in the drainage pipes Ⅳ (77) and guide the water to the drainage pipe (6).

6. A tunnel lining drainage and waterproofing structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: An external drainage layer diversion plate (71) is fixedly installed on the drainage plate (7). Multiple diversion pipes II (74) are fixedly arranged in an array on the external drainage layer diversion plate (71). The diversion pipes II (74) are used to receive the water discharged from the external drainage layer (8). The diversion pipes II (74) are connected to the diversion pipes III (76). The water received by the diversion pipes II (74) is diverted to the drainage pipe (6) through the diversion pipes III (76).

7. A tunnel lining drainage and waterproofing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage pipe (6) is provided with multiple drainage holes, which are connected to the main drainage pipe (5) to drain the water in the drainage pipe (6) into the main drainage pipe (5).

8. A tunnel lining drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external drainage layer (8) is provided with multiple annular guide pipes (81) for guiding and draining water between the initial support layer (2) and the secondary lining layer (3) at the invert. The external drainage layer (8) is also provided with multiple longitudinal guide channels (82) for collecting water between the initial support layer (2) and the waterproof board layer (9). The two sides of the longitudinal guide channels (82) are respectively attached to the initial support layer (2) and the waterproof board layer (9).

9. A tunnel lining drainage structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The annular guide pipe (81) passes through the longitudinal guide groove (82) on the upper layer of the outer drainage layer (8) and communicates with the longitudinal guide groove (82) at the bottom of the outer drainage layer (8), and is used to collect the water in the longitudinal guide groove (82) in the longitudinal guide groove (82) at the bottom of the outer drainage layer (8).

10. A tunnel lining drainage structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: Multiple drainage guide pipes (83) for drainage are fixedly installed on the longitudinal guide groove (82) at the bottom of the outer drainage layer (8). The drainage guide pipes (83) are connected to the drainage plate (7) to discharge the accumulated water into the drainage plate (7).

11. A tunnel lining drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lower fastening plate (43) is fixedly installed on the connecting block (4), and an upper fastening plate (41) is also slidably installed on the connecting block (4). The upper fastening plate (41) and the lower fastening plate (43) cooperate to initially fasten the drainage pipe (6). A bolt rod is rotatably installed on the upper fastening plate (41). A threaded fastening port II (45) is provided on the connecting block (4). The bolt rod on the upper fastening plate (41) is threadedly connected to the threaded fastening port II (45).

12. A tunnel lining drainage and waterproofing structure according to claim 11, characterized in that: The connecting block (4) is slidably mounted with a side fastening plate (42) for secondary fastening of the drainage pipe (6). The connecting block (4) is provided with a threaded fastening port I (44). A bolt rod is rotatably mounted on the side fastening plate (42). The bolt rod of the side fastening plate (42) is threadedly connected to the threaded fastening port I (44).

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