Diversion type electric brush wear-resistant structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to a diversion-type brush wear-resistant structure, which belongs to the field of contact elements cooperating with a commutator or a slip ring, and comprises a casing, a brush and a slip ring, one end of the brush abuts against the contact surface of the slip ring, the brush and the slip ring are arranged in the casing, and air guide discs extending along the radial direction are arranged on the two sides of the brush at the corresponding positions of the slip ring. The air guide disc and the contact surface jointly define a conductive sliding groove used for containing the electric brush, and the electric brush is inserted into the conductive sliding groove so as to be contained in the conductive sliding groove. A plurality of drainage openings used for guiding airflow into the conductive sliding grooves are annularly and evenly formed in the air guide disc, an air guide plate extending in an inclined mode is arranged on the inner side face of the air guide disc and located above the drainage openings, and the extending direction of the air guide plate is the same as the tangential direction of the rotating direction of the sliding ring. In the operation process, the electric brush can capture graphite particles in the air, so that the electric brush is endowed with self-lubricating property, and the wear resistance of the electric brush is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of contact components that work in conjunction with commutators or slip rings, and therefore provides a flow-guiding brush wear-resistant structure. Background Technology

[0002] As an important component of motors, brushes act as a "bridge" for conducting current between stationary and rotating parts, enabling the conversion between electrical and mechanical energy. Power is supplied or transmitted through brushes. Due to their usage scenarios, brushes are stationary and continuously in contact with rotating parts during operation, resulting in continuous wear. The wear rate of brushes directly affects the motor's operating condition. Especially for graphite brushes, which are the preferred choice for high-current loads, operating in environments with high speeds and high current loads, improving the wear resistance of brushes has become a challenge for current brush accessory products.

[0003] Chinese patent CN 221467003U discloses a wear-resistant brush for an electroplating line, comprising a brush and a brush cover. One side of the brush cover is connected to an inner frame and an outer frame, with a heat dissipation device housed within the outer frame. The heat dissipation device consists of a water chiller, a circulating liquid pump, and a serpentine water pipe. The water chiller is connected to the outer frame, and the circulating liquid pump is connected to the water chiller via the serpentine water pipe. The outer wall of the serpentine water pipe is fitted with a water pipe sleeve and fixed to the inner frame by a clamp. By adding a water chiller, the heat dissipation performance of the equipment is enhanced, and the overall equipment is water-cooled, improving the heat dissipation effect and thus enhancing wear resistance.

[0004] This solution of adding a water-cooling device to dissipate heat from the motor has the risk of coolant leakage after long-term use, posing a safety hazard, since there is a continuous current flow during the motor's operation. Furthermore, changing the operating temperature of the brushes to make them more wear-resistant does not significantly improve the wear resistance of the brushes and cannot effectively dissipate heat from the brush's working position.

[0005] Chinese patent CN 217009837 U discloses a wear-resistant sheet-shaped electric brush, which includes a housing, a fixing mechanism connected to the right side of the housing, a spring installed at the bottom of the housing, a wear-resistant mechanism connected to the top of the spring, a connecting wire passing through the bottom of the housing via the bottom of the wear-resistant mechanism, and a brush head connected to the top of the wear-resistant mechanism. The fixing mechanism includes a metal base, which connects the top of the spring and the bottom of the brush head. The brush head surface has an arc-shaped groove, and a fixing block is fixed in the left side of the arc-shaped groove. A sliding rod slides in the arc-shaped groove, and a groove is provided on the left side of the sliding rod. The fixing block is embedded in the groove, and the sliding rod is slidably connected to the inner side of the housing. The sliding rod replaces the brush head in rubbing against the inner wall of the housing, avoiding direct friction between the brush head and the inner side of the housing, which would cause wear on the brush head surface.

[0006] This enhanced wear resistance design utilizes a sliding rod to protect the part of the brush head located inside the housing. When the housing shifts, the sliding rod contacts the housing, avoiding direct contact between the brush head and the housing, thus enhancing the wear resistance of the sliding rod.

[0007] As can be seen from the above, existing technologies for improving the wear resistance of electric brushes cannot directly improve the wear resistance of the brush head. The improvement on the wear resistance of the brush is not significant. They can only affect the external environment of the brush and cannot directly improve the wear resistance of the brush head under high-speed rotation. Therefore, they cannot fundamentally solve the wear resistance problem and have limitations.

[0008] Furthermore, the existing market is highly competitive, and introducing additional water-cooling equipment will inevitably increase the unit price of components. Moreover, additional water-cooling equipment cannot effectively improve the wear resistance of the brush. It is evident that the existing solution is unable to meet the dual requirements of cost and durability, and cannot provide a reliable and wear-resistant brush. Utility Model Content

[0009] The present invention aims to address the problem mentioned in the background art that the existing technology cannot effectively improve the wear resistance of brush heads, and provides a flow-guided wear-resistant brush structure.

[0010] The provided technical solution is as follows:

[0011] A current-guiding brush wear-resistant structure includes a housing, a brush, a slip ring, and a motor shaft. One end of the brush abuts against the contact surface of the slip ring. The brush and slip ring are disposed inside the housing, and the slip ring is mounted on the motor shaft.

[0012] On both sides of the slip ring, at the corresponding positions on the motor shaft, there are air guide plates extending radially. The air guide plates and the contact surface together form a conductive groove for accommodating the brush. The brush is inserted to be accommodated in the conductive groove.

[0013] The guide plate has multiple air inlets evenly distributed in a ring to guide airflow into the conductive groove. Multiple guide plates are provided on the inner side of the guide plate, each guide plate being located on one side of the air inlet in the radial direction. The guide plates extend at an inclination from their corresponding sides towards the contact surface, and the extension direction of the guide plates is in the same direction as the velocity vector of the guide plate during rotation.

[0014] Furthermore, the bottom of the air guide plate is an arc-shaped portion that gradually approaches the brush and extends in an arc shape. Between the arc-shaped portion and the slip ring is an arc-shaped angle portion for accommodating more airflow. Above the arc-shaped portion is an inclined plate portion that extends at an angle and gradually approaches the brush.

[0015] Furthermore, corresponding to the air inlet, there are protruding parts on the outside of the air guide plate. Each protrusion is parallel to the extension direction of the corresponding air guide plate. An air inlet channel is opened on the side of the protrusion near the slip ring to connect to the air inlet.

[0016] Furthermore, the slip ring is fitted into an annular groove axially opened on the motor shaft, the bottom of the air guide plate is located on a stepped platform outside the annular groove, the lowest point of the air guide plate is higher than the annular groove, and the edge of the stepped platform has a chamfered structure.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a support body, which is located above the slip ring, and the brush is fixed at the extended end of the support body and abuts against the contact surface of the slip ring, pointing towards the center of the slip ring.

[0018] Furthermore, there are two support bodies, which are arranged radially symmetrically on the outside of the slip ring. Each support body includes a brush support, and the bottom of the brush support has an outwardly extending forked rod. The brush is fixed to the free end of the forked rod.

[0019] Furthermore, the support body also includes a compression spring, and the top of the brush support has a notch for accommodating the compression spring, which is horizontally compressed within the notch.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0021] Utilizing the characteristic that the brush and slip ring rotate continuously relative to each other, a constant difference in motion is generated between them. Therefore, the brush and the air guide plate added to the motor shaft also move relative to each other. By adjusting the orientation of the air guide plate, the graphite particles worn off by the brush in the air can be captured and guided during the continuous rotation of the air guide plate. The graphite particles are continuously guided to the slip ring. Utilizing the unique lubrication of graphite particles, a self-lubricating film is formed between the brush and the slip ring. This characteristic can greatly reduce the wear at the brush tip and improve the wear resistance of the brush.

[0022] The designed arc-shaped section and the constructed arc-shaped angled section, along with the narrow gap formed at the inner corner of the arc-shaped angled section, can cause a local increase in pressure within the arc-shaped angled section. During rotation, the pressure on both sides of the conductive groove is high while the pressure in the central area, i.e., where the slip ring is located, is low. This makes it easier to guide more airflow to the brush, further lubricate the brush, increase the probability of the brush capturing and utilizing graphite particles, enhance lubrication, and relatively improve the wear resistance of the brush.

[0023] The designed air guide plate structure has low manufacturing cost and solves the problem of local heat dissipation of the brush. During the continuous airflow of the air guide plate, the brush can be cooled simultaneously. Compared with the water-cooled heat exchange device mentioned in the background technology, this solution has a stronger cooling effect and lower cost, and takes into account the functions of wear resistance and local cooling.

[0024] A pressure spring is added to the top of the provided brush holder. The pressure spring can bring prestress to the brush holder to adjust the pressure between the brush and the slip ring, maintain the pre-tightness between the brush and the slip ring, fix the brush posture through the brush holder, keep the brush facing the slip ring. The overall structure is simple and efficient, can self-lubricate the brush during use, has low modification cost, and achieves good results. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the wear-resistant structure of the current-guiding brush.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a 3D diagram showing the relative positions and combination structure of the brushes, slip rings, and air guide plates.

[0027] Figure 3 It is an axial view of the relative positions of the brushes, slip rings, and air guide plates.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a front view of the air guide plate.

[0029] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Sectional view at point AA.

[0030] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position of the slip ring on the air guide plate.

[0032] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Enlarged view of point D in the middle.

[0033] Figure 9 It is a structural diagram of the combination of motor shaft, brushes, slip rings and air guide plate.

[0034] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A magnified view of point C in the middle.

[0035] Explanation of the labels in the image:

[0036] 1. Brush, 2. Compression spring, 3. Air guide plate, 31. Protrusion, 311. Air duct, 32. Arc-shaped part, 321. Arc-shaped angle part, 33. Inclined plate part, 34. Air guide plate, 4. Conductive groove, 5. Motor shaft, 6. Brush bracket, 7. Housing, 8. Slip ring. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The following is based on the appendix Figure 1-10 The technical solutions in the embodiments of this invention are clearly and completely described in this utility model; the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a flow-guiding brush wear-resistant structure is provided, which includes a housing 7, a brush 1, and a slip ring 8. The housing 7 is the housing of the motor. One end of the brush 1 abuts against the contact surface of the slip ring 8. The brush 1 and the slip ring 8 are disposed inside the housing 7. Air guide plates 3 are radially extending from the slip ring 8 at corresponding positions on both sides of the brush 1. The air guide plates 3 and the contact surfaces together form a conductive groove 4 for accommodating the brush 1. The brush 1 is inserted and accommodated within the conductive groove 4. Multiple air inlets for introducing airflow into the conductive groove 4 are evenly distributed in a ring on the air guide plates 3. Multiple air guide plates 34 are provided on the inner side of the air guide plates 3. Each air guide plate 34 is located on one side of the radially extending air inlet. Taking the highest air guide plate 34 as an example, the air guide plate 34 is located above the air inlet; taking the lowest air guide plate 34 as an example, the air guide plate 34 is located below the air inlet. The air guide plates 34 are inclined. The oblique extension is inevitable, in which one end of the air guide plate 34 is far away from the contact surface of the guide plate, and the other end is close to the contact surface of the guide plate. The air guide plate 34 gradually approaches the contact surface from the corresponding side of the air guide plate (34) and extends obliquely. The line connecting the end of the air guide plate 34 close to the contact surface and the center of the slip ring 8 is perpendicular, which means that the tangent direction of the air guide plate 34 and the rotation direction of the slip ring is parallel. The tangent direction of the center point of the air guide plate 34 and the corresponding point of the slip ring is the extension direction of the air guide plate 34. The tangent direction is divided into two halves according to the point. The velocity vector direction must coincide with the tangent direction. Therefore, the half of the tangent direction corresponding to the velocity vector direction during the rotation of the slip ring is the best windward surface that can guide all the airflow to the contact surface. Therefore, the air guide plate 34 preferentially selects the velocity vector direction of the corresponding point. In this way, the air guide plate can guide the airflow to the conductive groove when passing the brush position.

[0040] It should be specifically noted that the overall orientation of the brush 1 is radially aligned with the slip ring 8. The brush 1 is mounted on the slip ring 8 with an adjustable extension length. One end of the brush 1 abuts against the contact surface of the slip ring 8. It also has a housing 7, with multiple heat dissipation fins on its outer surface for efficient heat dissipation. Both the brush 1 and the slip ring 8 are housed within the housing 7. A key improvement of this design is the addition of radially extending air guide plates 3 on both sides of the brush 1 at corresponding positions on the slip ring 8. These air guide plates 3 and the contact surface together form a structure for accommodating the brush 1. The conductive groove 4 rotates synchronously with the air guide plate 3 and the slip ring 8. During the rotation of the air guide plate 3, the airflow can be introduced into the conductive groove 4 through the air inlet on the air guide plate 3. The airflow is directed by the air guide plate 34 within the conductive groove 4. The air guide plate 34 is designed so that when the slip ring 8 rotates in any clockwise direction, if the tangent at any point on the surface of the slip ring 8 points in the direction it points, the air guide plate 34 is in the same direction as the tangent. The extension direction of the air guide plate 34 is in the same direction as the tangent. Similarly, the same applies when the slip ring 8 rotates counterclockwise.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] A flow-guiding wear-resistant brush structure is provided. This embodiment includes the content shown in Embodiment 1 above, and further solves the problem of enhancing the flow guiding capacity to improve the brush lubrication capacity. This embodiment makes further improvements, specifically:

[0043] like Figure 5-6 As shown, the shape of the air guide plate 3 is improved. The bottom of the air guide plate 3 is an arc-shaped part 32 that gradually moves towards the brush 1 and extends in an arc shape. Between the arc-shaped part 32 and the slip ring 8 is an arc-shaped angled part 321 for accommodating more airflow. The radius of curvature of the arc-shaped angled part 321 gradually increases as it extends outward. The angle of the arc-shaped angled part 321 is less than 60°. Above the arc-shaped part 32 is an inclined plate part 33 that extends at an angle and gradually approaches the brush 1. The overall inclination slope of the inclined plate part 33 is less than 10°.

[0044] By improving the shape of the air guide plate 3, the internal pressure of the conductive groove 4 is adjusted. At the arc-shaped corner 321, the local pressure will increase because the space is narrow, while the pressure in the middle of the conductive groove 4 is smaller. Therefore, a pressure difference is formed here. During the rotation of the air guide plate 3, the air guide plate 3 will continuously have airflow flowing towards the middle of the conductive groove 4.

[0045] like Figure 7-8As shown, each air inlet has a protruding part 31 on the outer side of the air guide plate 3, corresponding to the air inlet. The protruding part 31 can be a cap with an open bottom, or it can be a bent body formed by stamping. The protruding part 31 serves to guide and capture air. Each protruding part 31 is parallel to the extending direction of the corresponding air guide plate 34. The side of the protruding part 31 near the slip ring 8 has an air inlet channel 311 that connects to the air inlet. During high-speed rotation, air is captured by the protruding part 31 and continuously sent to the air guide plate 34. The air guide plate 34 can guide the airflow to the slip ring, and the air is then drawn into the slip ring. Figure 10 As can be seen, the upper part of the air guide plate is narrower and the bottom is wider. Therefore, the air guide plate can evenly diffuse the airflow into a sheet and guide it to the slip ring. Since the slip ring and the brush are constantly in a state of tangential friction, the graphite particles in the air can enter the friction surface between the slip ring and the brush to lubricate the brush, thus ensuring the wear resistance of the brush.

[0046] like Figure 6 As shown, the slip ring 8 has an annular groove 41 that surrounds along the axial direction. The bottom of the air guide plate 3 is located on a stepped platform outside the annular groove 41. The lowest point of the air guide plate 34 is higher than the annular groove 41. The edge of the stepped platform has a chamfered structure.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] This embodiment includes the content disclosed in Embodiment 2, and further solves the problem of fixed installation and configuration of brushes and slip rings. This embodiment makes further improvements, specifically:

[0049] like Figure 8-10 As shown, a motor shaft 5 is mounted in the housing 7 via a bearing seat. A slip ring 8 is fixedly mounted on the motor shaft 5. The housing also includes two brackets for mounting the brush 1, arranged radially symmetrically on the outer side of the slip ring 8. Each bracket includes a brush bracket 6, which is fixed inside the housing. The bottom of the brush bracket 6 has an outwardly extending forked rod, consisting of two V-shaped branches. The brush 1 is fixed at the free end of the forked rod near the slip ring. The bracket is located above the slip ring 8, and the brush 1 is fixed at the extended end of the bracket, pointing towards the center of the slip ring 8, abutting against the contact surface of the slip ring 8. To ensure sufficient stress to hold the brush 1 on the slip ring, the brush is mounted using the brush bracket 6, ensuring brush stability. The brush bracket 6 stabilizes the position and orientation of the brush.

[0050] The support body also includes a compression spring 2. The top of the brush support 6 is provided with a U-shaped notch for accommodating the compression spring 2. A screw is horizontally inserted into the U-shaped notch, and a compression spring is installed on the screw and between the U-shaped notch. The compression spring 2 is horizontally compressed in the notch. By rotating the screw, the stress of the compression spring can be changed to finely adjust the brush posture.

[0051] The beneficial effects of this flow-guided brush wear-resistant structure are achieved through the following methods:

[0052] During operation, the motor shaft 5 continuously drives the air guide plate and slip ring to rotate. During this process, the brush 1 remains in the same position. The protrusion on the air guide plate 3, with its windward-facing airflow channel, directs the airflow to the inlet, where it is redirected by the air guide plate 34. Specifically, the air guide plate 34 is designed so that when the slip ring 8 rotates clockwise, the direction of the tangent at any point on its surface points to the direction of the tangent. In the same direction, the extension direction of the air guide plate 34 is in the same direction as the tangent along the line. Similarly, the slip ring 8 rotates counterclockwise. Therefore, the air guide plate can evenly diffuse the airflow into a sheet and guide it to the slip ring. Since the slip ring and the brush are constantly in a state of tangential friction, the graphite particles in the air can enter the friction surface of the slip ring and the brush to lubricate the brush, thus ensuring the wear resistance of the brush. The participation of graphite particles in the slip ring and the brush gives the brush self-lubrication to improve wear resistance. In this process, the brush can also dissipate heat to further improve wear resistance.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A flow-guiding type wear-resistant brush structure, comprising a brush (1) and a slip ring (8), wherein one end of the brush (1) abuts against the contact surface of the slip ring (8), characterized in that: On both sides of the brush (1), there are radially extending air guides (3) at the corresponding positions of the slip ring (8). The air guides (3) and the contact surface together form a conductive groove (4) for accommodating the brush (1). The brush (1) is inserted to be accommodated in the conductive groove (4). The air guide plate (3) is provided with a number of air inlets evenly distributed in a ring to introduce airflow into the conductive groove (4). The inner side of the air guide plate (3) is provided with a number of air guide plates (34). Each air guide plate (34) is located on one side of the air inlet along the radial direction. The air guide plate (34) extends at an inclination from the corresponding side of the air guide plate (34) towards the contact surface. The extension direction of the air guide plate (34) is in the same direction as the velocity vector of the air guide plate (3) during rotation.

2. The wear-resistant structure of a current-guiding brush according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the air guide plate (3) is an arc-shaped part (32) that gradually approaches the brush (1) and extends in an arc shape. Between the arc-shaped part (32) and the slip ring (8) is an arc-shaped angle part (321) for accommodating more airflow. Above the arc-shaped part (32) is an inclined plate part (33) that extends at an angle and gradually approaches the brush (1).

3. The wear-resistant structure of a current-guiding brush according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protruding part (31) is formed on the outside of the air guide plate (3) corresponding to the air inlet. Each protruding part (31) is parallel to the extension direction of the corresponding air guide plate (34). An air inlet channel (311) connecting to the air inlet is opened on the side of the protruding part (31) near the slip ring (8).

4. The wear-resistant structure of a current-guiding brush according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slip ring (8) has an annular groove (41) that surrounds along the axial direction. The bottom of the air guide plate (3) is located on a stepped platform outside the annular groove (41). The lowest point of the air guide plate (34) is higher than the annular groove (41). The edge of the stepped platform has a chamfered structure.

5. The wear-resistant structure of a flow-guiding brush according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a support body, which is located above the slip ring (8), and the brush (1) is fixed at the extended end of the support body and abuts against the contact surface of the slip ring (8) pointing towards the center of the slip ring (8).

6. The wear-resistant structure of a current-guiding brush according to claim 5, characterized in that: The number of brackets is two, and the two brackets are arranged radially symmetrically on the outside of the slip ring (8). The bracket includes a brush bracket (6), and the bottom of the brush bracket (6) has an outwardly extending forked rod. The brush (1) is fixed to the free end of the forked rod.

7. The wear-resistant structure of a current-guiding brush according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support body also includes a compression spring (2), and the top of the brush support (6) is provided with a notch for accommodating the compression spring (2), and the compression spring (2) is horizontally compressed in the notch.

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