Device suitable for crushing and grading water hyacinth
The collaborative design of a three-stage crushing wheel and a dynamic screening mechanism solves the problem of inaccurate particle size control in water hyacinth cellulose extraction, achieving high-precision particle size classification and production stability, and reducing the risk of clogging.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHENGDU UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
In existing water hyacinth cellulose extraction processes, inaccurate particle size control of crushing equipment leads to a high proportion of large particles, affecting chemical extraction efficiency and production continuity, and posing a risk of clogging.
It adopts a three-stage crushing wheel and a dynamic screening mechanism to achieve particle size classification through constant speed rotation and centrifugal throwing. Combined with a saddle-shaped guide rail and modular storage design, it avoids clogging and improves classification accuracy.
It achieves a particle size classification accuracy of ±0.01mm, reducing the risk of obstruction and clogging in cellulose extraction and improving production continuity and chemical extraction efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN224236954U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water hyacinth processing technology, and in particular to a device suitable for crushing and grading water hyacinth. Background Technology
[0002] Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a key active ingredient in synthetic dust suppressants, relies on natural cellulose raw materials for its preparation. Currently, industrial production of CMC primarily utilizes traditional cellulose sources such as wood and cotton linters; however, these raw materials suffer from issues like insufficient supply stability and significant cost fluctuations. Meanwhile, a large amount of high-cellulose biomass resources exist in nature that are not effectively utilized. For example, the invasive species water hyacinth has a cellulose content in its stems and leaves as high as 66.87%, far exceeding the approximately 35% found in common crops like rice straw.
[0003] In existing water hyacinth cellulose extraction processes, the uniformity of crushing during the pretreatment stage is a core factor determining the efficiency of chemical extraction. Traditional crushing equipment suffers from inaccurate particle size control, resulting in a high proportion of large particles in the crushed water hyacinth product. Specifically, large particles, due to their significantly insufficient specific surface area, hinder the penetration and diffusion of alkali solution within the fiber bundles, leading to reduced efficiency in the separation of lignin and cellulose at the interface. Incompletely dissociated fiber bundles not only increase lignin residue and decrease purity but also significantly reduce the cellulose dissolution rate and yield due to insufficient effective reaction interfaces. Furthermore, large particles are prone to non-uniform accumulation within the equipment channels, posing a risk of localized blockage and directly disrupting production continuity.
[0004] Therefore, we propose a device suitable for crushing and grading water hyacinth. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a device suitable for crushing and grading water hyacinth.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] A device for crushing and grading water hyacinth, comprising:
[0008] The shell has a through-feed hopper fixed at its top and two symmetrically arranged hatches hinged to its outer wall.
[0009] The base is fixedly installed at the bottom of the shell. A rotating shaft is rotatably installed on the surface of the base. The top of the rotating shaft extends into the feed hopper and is fixedly installed with three crushing wheels. The diameters of the three crushing wheels are 150mm, 120mm and 90mm respectively. A saddle-shaped guide rail is opened on the surface of the base.
[0010] The screening mechanism is fitted onto the outer wall of the rotating shaft;
[0011] Two receiving mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the housing;
[0012] The water hyacinth material is crushed by the crushing wheel and then enters the screening mechanism. The particle size is classified by centrifugal force. The qualified particles pass through the screening mechanism and collide with the inner wall of the shell. The kinetic energy is reduced and they slide into the receiving mechanism along the saddle-shaped guide rail.
[0013] In one possible design, the screening mechanism includes a fixed disk fixedly disposed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, a movable disk rotatably connected to the bottom of the feed hopper, and two mounting brackets symmetrically sleeved between the fixed disk and the movable disk.
[0014] A 60-mesh stainless steel screen is fixedly installed on the inner side of the mounting frame. One mounting frame has a fixed frame fixed at both ends, and the other mounting frame has a fixed block fixed at both ends. The fixed frame and the fixed block are connected by bolts.
[0015] In one possible design, two positioning blocks are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mounting bracket, and two positioning grooves are opened on the outer walls of the fixed plate and the movable plate, with the positioning blocks and positioning grooves forming an H7 / g6 tolerance fit.
[0016] In one possible design, the receiving mechanism includes a receiving box fixed to the side wall of the housing and a clearance groove formed in the side wall of the base.
[0017] A collection box is slidably connected to the bottom inner wall of the receiving box via a guide rail. When the collection box is pulled out, its end extends into the clearance groove.
[0018] In one possible design, the surface of the receiving box has a slot, and a plate is inserted into the slot to limit the displacement of the collection box.
[0019] In one possible design, a drive mechanism is also included, which includes a mounting slot at the bottom of the base, a motor fixedly mounted at the bottom of the mounting slot, and the motor output shaft coaxially connected to the rotating shaft via a coupling.
[0020] In one possible design, a protective cover is fixedly installed at the top of the base, the protective cover covering the rotating shaft and maintaining a radial gap of 10mm.
[0021] In this application, during processing, the starting motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotating shaft drives the mounting frame, screen and crushing wheel to rotate synchronously. Then, the water hyacinth raw material is fed from the feed hopper and enters the screen under the graded crushing of the crushing wheel. Under the action of centrifugal force, qualified particles pass through the screen. After the particles collide with the inner wall of the shell and lose kinetic energy, they fall into the guide track and fall into the collection box along the guide track to complete the collection.
[0022] When cleaning the screen, open the hatch, disassemble the mounting frame, collect and transfer the material stuck inside the screen, and clean the screen at the same time.
[0023] Beneficial effects:
[0024] 1. Vertical synergistic structure of three-stage crushing and dynamic screening
[0025] The device employs three-stage crushing wheels (stages one, two, and three) equidistantly distributed perpendicular to the material conveying axis. These wheels rotate synchronously at the same speed via a coaxial linkage mechanism, forming a progressive crushing channel within an inclined feeding passage. The crushed material directly enters a dynamic screening unit. This unit uses a 60-mesh stainless steel screen (0.25mm ± 0.01mm aperture) conforming to ISO 3310-1 standards. Kinetic energy attenuation is achieved through centrifugal projection and collision with the chamber wall. Combined with a triple control mechanism of fixed disc, screen, and moving disc, it simultaneously performs fiber anti-splashing, particle size classification error within ±0.01mm, and accumulation stabilization treatment, achieving integrated crushing and screening operations.
[0026] 2. Kinematic adaptation of saddle-shaped guide rail and modular storage
[0027] The guide rail features a centrally raised saddle-shaped cross-section, with its continuous curved surface forming a ring-shaped acceleration channel. After falling, qualified particles are directionally conveyed along the curved sliding layer, achieving unpowered entry into the hopper through geometric matching of the radius of curvature with the inlet of the receiving box. The receiving mechanism employs a double-sided sliding rail embedded drawer structure, with axial pull-out operation designed to avoid motion interference with the end of the guide rail.
[0028] 3. System-level overflow prevention and maintenance optimization architecture
[0029] The maintenance channel is bidirectionally accessible through the symmetrical door structure on both sides of the crushing chamber. Combined with the sliding rail limiting mechanism of the drawer storage, a three-level modular maintenance interface of "crushing chamber - screening - storage bin" is formed. Combined with the self-cleaning characteristics of the crushing wheel gap, the risk of clogging when processing high-fiber materials such as water hyacinth is significantly reduced.
[0030] 4. Removable screen design
[0031] It allows operators to easily disassemble and clean the screen, preventing blockages from long-term use. It also allows for the collection and transfer of unqualified materials trapped in the screen for convenient subsequent processing. Attached Figure Description
[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of a device for crushing and grading water hyacinth proposed in this utility model;
[0033] Figure 2This is a first-view cross-sectional structural diagram of a device for crushing and grading water hyacinths proposed in this utility model.
[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the screening mechanism structure of a device for crushing and grading water hyacinth, as proposed in this utility model.
[0035] Figure 4 This is a second-view cross-sectional structural diagram of a device for crushing and grading water hyacinths proposed in this utility model.
[0036] In the diagram: 1. Shell; 2. Feed hopper; 3. Door; 4. Receiving box; 5. Base; 6. Shaft; 7. Crushing wheel; 8. Fixed plate; 9. Movable plate; 10. Mounting frame; 11. Screen; 12. Fixed frame; 13. Fixed block; 14. Bolt; 15. Positioning block; 16. Positioning groove; 17. Guide rail; 18. Protective cover; 19. Clearance groove; 20. Collection box; 21. Slot; 22. Insert plate; 23. Mounting groove; 24. Motor. Detailed Implementation
[0037] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.
[0038] Example 1: Refer to Figures 1-4 A device for crushing and classifying materials.
[0039] Including the shell and the feeding structure
[0040] A feed hopper 2 is welded to the top of the shell 1, with the axis of the feed hopper 2 coinciding with the center line of the shell 1. Hatch doors 3 are symmetrically hinged to both sides of the shell 1, and sealing strips are provided along the edges of the hatch doors 3. A base 5 is bolted to the bottom of the shell 1, and a saddle-shaped guide rail 17 is provided on the surface of the base 5, with the ends of the rails extending to the side wall of the shell 1.
[0041] Crushing and screening components
[0042] The rotating shaft 6 rotates through the base 5 via bearings, extending its top end into the feed hopper 2. Three-stage crushing wheels 7 are welded to the outer wall of the rotating shaft 6. The diameters of the crushing wheels 7 are 150mm, 120mm, and 90mm respectively, from top to bottom, and are made of Mn13 wear-resistant steel. The fixed disc 8 is keyed to the middle of the rotating shaft 6, and the movable disc 9 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the feed hopper 2 via ball bearings. Two mounting brackets 10 are fitted between the fixed disc 8 and the movable disc 9. A 60-mesh stainless steel screen 11 with an aperture of 0.25mm ± 0.01mm is bolted to the inner side of the mounting brackets 10. Positioning blocks 15 are welded to the inner wall of the mounting brackets 10, and matching positioning grooves 16 are formed on the outer walls of the fixed disc 8 and the movable disc 9, with a tolerance fit of H7 / g6.
[0043] Material receiving and drive mechanism
[0044] The receiving box 4 is welded to both sides of the housing 1. The collection box 20 is slidably connected to the bottom inner wall of the receiving box 4 via a guide rail. A clearance groove 19 is opened on the side wall of the base 5, and the end of the collection box 20 extends into the clearance groove 19 when it is pulled out. The insert plate 22 is inserted into the slot 21 of the receiving box 4 to restrict the displacement of the collection box 20. The motor 24 is bolted to the mounting slot 23 of the base 5, and the output shaft of the motor 24 is coaxially connected to the rotating shaft 6 via a coupling.
[0045] This application can be used in the field of water hyacinth processing, or in other fields applicable to this application.
[0046] Example 2: An improved device for crushing and grading water hyacinths, based on Example 1, which is applied to the field of water hyacinth processing;
[0047] In another aspect of this embodiment, the protective cover 18 covers the rotating shaft 6 and maintains a radial gap of 10 mm, providing shielding protection for the connection between the rotating shaft 6 and the base 5 to prevent particle contact.
[0048] However, as is well known to those skilled in the art, the working principle and wiring method of motor 24 are commonplace and are all conventional methods or common knowledge, so they will not be described in detail here. Those skilled in the art can make any selections according to their needs or convenience.
[0049] The accompanying drawings in this application are for illustrative purposes only. The dimensions and shapes of the components shown are not actual limitations but are merely schematic representations. In actual implementation, the components can be reasonably configured and adjusted according to specific needs and actual conditions.
[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present utility model, based on the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present utility model, should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A device suitable for crushing and grading water hyacinth, characterized in that, include: The shell (1) has a through feed hopper (2) fixed at the top of the shell (1), and two symmetrically arranged hatches (3) are hinged to the outer wall of the shell (1). The base (5) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the shell (1). A rotating shaft (6) is rotatably passed through the surface of the base (5). The top of the rotating shaft (6) extends into the feed hopper (2) and is fixedly installed with three crushing wheels (7). The diameters of the three crushing wheels (7) are 150mm, 120mm and 90mm respectively. A saddle-shaped guide rail (17) is opened on the surface of the base (5). The screening mechanism is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (6); Two receiving mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the housing (1); The water hyacinth material is crushed by the crushing wheel (7) and then enters the screening mechanism. The particle size is classified by centrifugal force. The qualified particles pass through the screening mechanism and collide with the inner wall of the shell (1) to reduce their kinetic energy. They slide into the receiving mechanism along the saddle-shaped guide rail (17).
2. The device for crushing and grading water hyacinth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The screening mechanism includes a fixed disk (8) fixedly installed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (6), a movable disk (9) rotatably connected to the bottom of the feed hopper (2), and two mounting brackets (10) symmetrically sleeved between the fixed disk (8) and the movable disk (9). A 60-mesh stainless steel screen (11) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the mounting frame (10). One mounting frame (10) has a fixed frame (12) fixed at both ends, and the other mounting frame (10) has a fixed block (13) fixed at both ends. The fixed frame (12) and the fixed block (13) are connected by bolts (14).
3. The device for crushing and grading water hyacinth according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mounting bracket (10) has two fixed positioning blocks (15) on its inner wall, and two positioning grooves (16) are opened on the outer walls of the fixed plate (8) and the movable plate (9). The positioning blocks (15) and the positioning grooves (16) form an H7 / g6 tolerance fit.
4. The device for crushing and grading water hyacinth according to claim 3, characterized in that, The receiving mechanism includes a receiving box (4) fixed to the side wall of the housing (1) and a clearance groove (19) opened on the side wall of the base (5). The bottom inner wall of the receiving box (4) is slidably connected to the collection box (20) via the guide rail. When the collection box (20) is pulled out, its end extends into the relief groove (19).
5. The device for crushing and grading water hyacinth according to claim 4, characterized in that, The receiving box (4) has a slot (21) on its surface, and the insert plate (22) is inserted into the slot (21) to limit the displacement of the collection box (20).
6. The device for crushing and grading water hyacinth according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a drive mechanism, which includes a mounting groove (23) at the bottom of the base (5), a motor (24) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the mounting groove (23), and the output shaft of the motor (24) is coaxially connected to the rotating shaft (6) through a coupling.
7. The device for crushing and grading water hyacinth according to claim 6, characterized in that, The base (5) is fixedly provided with a protective cover (18) at the top, which covers the rotating shaft (6) and maintains a radial gap of 10mm.