Modularized combined tool apron structure of numerical control lathe

Abstract

The utility model provides a modularized combined tool apron structure of a numerically controlled lathe, which belongs to the technical field of numerically controlled lathe processing and comprises a base, an angle adjusting component, a quick-change module component and a diameter self-adaptive component. A cutter handle structure in interference fit with a taper hole of a numerical control lathe turret is arranged at the bottom of the base, and a positioning connecting structure is arranged at the top of the base. The angle adjusting assembly is installed on the top of the base and comprises a rotating disc and a locking piece. The quick-change module assembly is connected with the rotating disc through a high-precision positioning structure, a cutter clamping mechanism is arranged in the quick-change module assembly, and a double-layer mounting groove for mounting a cutter is formed in one side of the quick-change module assembly; the diameter self-adaption assembly is arranged in a tool mounting groove of the quick-change module assembly and comprises a tool bar and a transmission mechanism used for driving the tool bar to stretch out and draw back. The positioning connection structure comprises a plurality of groups of positioning holes and threaded holes; the problem that the machining efficiency is limited due to the fact that the number of cutter positions is not matched with the machining requirement can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of CNC lathe machining technology, specifically, it relates to a modular combination tool holder structure for a CNC lathe. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of CNC lathe machining, four-tool lathes are widely used in the machining of small and medium-sized parts due to their compact structure and low cost. Currently, these machine tools generally use a fixed four-position turret as the core component for tool mounting and switching. This turret structure achieves tool mounting through four preset fixed tool positions, and the tool mounting angle is fixed and cannot be adjusted. During machining, if different tools are needed, the tool is changed by rotating the turret. Furthermore, for machining requirements involving drilling, a tailstock-assisted machining method is often used, where drilling tools or other tools mounted on the tailstock are used for hole machining operations.

[0003] However, with the increasing complexity of parts machining, the aforementioned techniques have gradually revealed a series of problems. When machining complex parts such as the second surface of a fixed sphere, it is often necessary to use five tools simultaneously: an external finishing tool, a roughing tool, an internal boring tool, a drill bit, and a center drill. This exceeds the tool position capacity of a four-tool lathe, necessitating multi-process machining, resulting in reduced machining efficiency, low tool reuse rate, and a long tool change time. Furthermore, due to the fixed tool mounting angle, when facing situations requiring oblique machining, only complex oblique machining processes can be achieved, which not only significantly increases process complexity but also easily introduces machining errors. The tailstock-assisted drilling method, due to the tailstock travel limitation, restricts the maximum machining diameter to ≤120mm, failing to meet the machining requirements of large-diameter parts. Therefore, considering the above, the existing technology suffers from a mismatch between the number of tool positions and machining requirements, leading to limited machining efficiency and severely restricting the application and efficiency improvement of CNC lathes in machining complex parts. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a modular combined tool holder structure for CNC lathes, which can solve the problem of limited processing efficiency caused by the mismatch between the number of tool positions and processing requirements.

[0005] This utility model is implemented as follows:

[0006] This utility model provides a modular combined tool holder structure for a CNC lathe, comprising a base, an angle adjustment component, a quick-change module component, and a diameter adaptive component. The base has a tool holder structure at its bottom that forms an interference fit with the tapered hole of the CNC lathe turret, and a positioning connection structure at its top. The angle adjustment component is mounted on the top of the base and includes a rotating disk and a locking element. The quick-change module component is connected to the rotating disk via a high-precision positioning structure, has a tool clamping mechanism inside, and a double-layer mounting groove on one side for mounting tools. The diameter adaptive component is located within the tool mounting groove of the quick-change module component and includes a tool holder and a transmission mechanism for driving the tool holder's extension and retraction.

[0007] The technical advantages of the modular combined tool holder structure for CNC lathes provided by this utility model are as follows: Through the double-layer mounting slot structure, a single tool position can simultaneously install internal and external diameter tools, expanding a four-tool position machine tool to an equivalent five-tool position capability, thereby improving tool position utilization; the angle adjustment component achieves 360° rotation and 0.5° precision locking, breaking through the limitations of traditional fixed tool turret angles; the diameter adaptive component, through a 50-120mm telescopic stroke, expands the machining diameter range from ≤120mm to Φ100-240mm, breaking through the tailstock stroke limitation.

[0008] Based on the above technical solution, the modular combined tool holder structure of the CNC lathe of this utility model can be further improved as follows:

[0009] The positioning connection structure includes multiple sets of positioning holes and threaded holes, which are used for fixed connection with the angle adjustment component and the quick-change module component, respectively.

[0010] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are: providing a rigid connection through the threaded hole, ensuring stability during high-speed cutting, and reducing machining errors caused by vibration.

[0011] Furthermore, the edge of the rotating disk is equipped with a scale with a precision of 0.5°, which is used to precisely adjust the rotation angle of the rotating disk.

[0012] The advantages of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are: multi-angle cutting can be achieved without tilting machining, reducing the complexity of adjustment and improving machining efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, the high-precision positioning structure adopts the HSK63C interface to achieve a 5μm repeatability positioning accuracy; the tool clamping mechanism includes a spring and a wedge block, the wedge block is used to cooperate with the spring to achieve quick connection by embedding into the corresponding slot.

[0014] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improved scheme are as follows: 5μm repeatability positioning accuracy is achieved through the HSK63C interface, ensuring that no tool resetting is required after tool change; rapid switching is achieved, and the tool change time is shortened from the traditional 30 seconds to about 5 seconds through the spring and wedge block mechanism, improving tool change efficiency; and a rigid connection is maintained, with an axial tensile force of ≥10kN provided by the interference fit between the wedge block and the slot to ensure that the tool does not loosen during cutting.

[0015] Furthermore, the upper layer of the double-layer mounting slot is used to install external diameter machining tools, and the lower layer is used to install internal diameter machining tools, with a partition plate between the two layers.

[0016] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme is that by combining the upper outer diameter tool and the lower inner diameter tool, a single tool position can achieve the function of a dual tool.

[0017] Furthermore, the tool holder consists of an inner rod and an outer rod, and the transmission mechanism is a ball screw transmission system. The inner rod extends and retracts within the outer rod by driving the ball screw through a servo motor, with a stroke range of Φ50-120mm.

[0018] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are: the 50-120mm telescopic stroke expands the processing diameter range from the traditional ≤120mm to Φ100-240mm.

[0019] Furthermore, hydraulically driven clamping blocks are provided on both sides of the double-layer mounting slot. The extension and retraction of the clamping blocks are controlled by the hydraulic system to achieve rapid clamping and release of the tool.

[0020] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are as follows: the clamping block is hydraulically driven to achieve quick tool replacement, the clamping block provides uniform clamping force, the radial pressure deviation of the tool is ≤5%, and tool deformation is effectively avoided.

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, the modular combination tool holder structure for CNC lathes provided by this utility model has the following advantages: Through the double-layer mounting slot structure, a single tool position can simultaneously install inner and outer diameter tools, expanding a four-tool position machine tool to an equivalent five-tool position capability, thus improving tool position utilization; the angle adjustment component achieves 360° rotation and 0.5° precision locking, breaking through the limitations of traditional fixed turret angles; the diameter adaptive component, through a 50-120mm telescopic stroke, expands the machining diameter range from ≤120mm to Φ100-240mm, breaking through the tailstock stroke limitation; multi-angle cutting can be achieved without tilting machining, reducing the complexity of adjustments and improving machining efficiency; the combination of the upper outer diameter tool and the lower inner diameter tool enables a single tool position to achieve dual-tool functionality. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this utility model will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a side view of a modular combined tool holder structure for a CNC lathe;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal workings of the clamping mechanism;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of the double-layer mounting slot;

[0026] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0027] 10. Base; 101. Tool holder structure; 11. Angle adjustment assembly; 111. Rotary disk; 112. Locking element; 12. Quick change module assembly; 13. Diameter adaptive assembly; 131. Tool holder; 14. Positioning connection structure; 15. Tool clamping mechanism; 151. Spring; 152. Wedge block; 16. Double-layer mounting slot. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] like Figure 1 The diagram shows an embodiment of a modular combination tool holder structure for a CNC lathe provided by this utility model. In this embodiment, it includes a base 10, an angle adjustment component 11, a quick-change module component 12, and a diameter adaptive component 13. The bottom of the base is provided with a tool holder structure 101 that forms an interference fit with the tapered hole of the CNC lathe tool turret, and the top is provided with a positioning connection structure 14. The angle adjustment component 11 is installed on the top of the base 10 and includes a rotating disk 111 and a locking member 112. The quick-change module component 12 is connected to the rotating disk 111 through a high-precision positioning structure, and is provided with a tool clamping mechanism 15 inside, and a double-layer mounting groove 16 for mounting tools is provided on one side. The diameter adaptive component 13 is disposed in the tool mounting groove of the quick-change module component 12 and includes a tool holder 131 and a transmission mechanism for driving the extension and retraction of the tool holder 131.

[0030] like Figure 3As shown, the diameter adaptive component is installed in the upper tool mounting slot of the quick-change module component, and consists of a telescopic tool holder and a transmission mechanism. The tool holder adopts an inner and outer rod structure. The outer rod has a diameter of Φ40mm and a length of 200mm, and is made of 42CrMo with heat treatment. The inner rod has a diameter of Φ25mm and a length of 220mm, and is plated with hard chrome (thickness 0.05mm). The telescopic stroke range is 50-120mm, corresponding to a machining diameter range of Φ100-240mm.

[0031] The transmission mechanism employs a ball screw pair with a lead of 5mm and a diameter of 16mm, driven by a 200W, 1000rpm servo motor. It is equipped with a brake function to ensure stable, non-slip tool holder operation during machining. The servo motor is connected to the ball screw via a flexible coupling (35mm outer diameter), and both ends are fixed in bearing housings using 7004C bearings. This component also includes an encoder (10000 pulses / revolution resolution) and limit switches (±0.5mm travel). It communicates with the machine tool's CNC system via a driver (e.g., using the Profibus-DP protocol) to achieve precise control and safety protection of the tool holder's extension and retraction.

[0032] In the above technical solution, the positioning connection structure 14 includes multiple sets of positioning holes and threaded holes, which are used for fixed connection with the angle adjustment component and the quick-change module component, respectively.

[0033] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the edge of the rotating disk 111 is provided with a scale with a scale accuracy of 0.5°, which is used to precisely adjust the rotation angle of the rotating disk 111.

[0034] The angle adjustment assembly is mounted on top of the base, with its core component being a rotating disk that can rotate around a central axis. The rotating disk is made of 40Cr steel with a quenched and tempered finish, has a diameter of 118mm and a thickness of 25mm, and features a Φ25 through hole in its center. It is fixed to the base via M20 positioning bolts. The outer circumference of the rotating disk has a graduated dial with a precision of 0.5°, allowing operators to accurately adjust the tool angle according to machining requirements. To ensure the stability of the rotating disk during machining, a locking mechanism is included, comprising eight M6 locking bolts evenly distributed along the circumference and an M20 positioning bolt with an anti-slip handwheel. Once the rotating disk is adjusted to the target angle, tightening the locking bolts, combined with the radial positioning of the positioning key and the keyway in the base, effectively prevents angle deviation during machining.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, the high-precision positioning structure adopts the HSK63C interface to achieve a 5μm repeatability positioning accuracy; the tool clamping mechanism 15 includes a spring 151 and a wedge block 152. The wedge block 152 is used to cooperate with the spring 151 to achieve quick connection by embedding the tool into the corresponding slot.

[0036] In the aforementioned design, the base serves as the foundation of the entire tool holder structure. The tool holder at its bottom adopts the HSK63A standard tool holder, with a 1:10 hollow short taper that forms an interference fit with the corresponding taper hole of the CNC lathe turret, providing radial positioning. It is secured with four M12 bolts to ensure stability during high-speed rotation. The top of the base features a positioning connection structure, including eight circumferentially distributed Φ8H7 high-precision positioning holes and twelve M6 threaded blind holes. These positioning holes and threaded holes are used for the subsequent installation and fixing of the angle adjustment assembly and quick-change module assembly. They are machined using wire cutting technology to ensure a flatness error of no more than ±0.01mm.

[0037] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the upper layer of the double-layer mounting groove 16 is used to install the outer diameter machining tool, the lower layer is used to install the inner diameter machining tool, and an isolation plate is provided between the two layers.

[0038] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the tool holder 131 consists of an inner rod and an outer rod, and the transmission mechanism is a ball screw transmission system. The inner rod extends and retracts within the outer rod by driving the ball screw with a servo motor. The extension and retraction stroke range is Φ50-120mm.

[0039] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, hydraulically driven clamping blocks are provided on both sides of the double-layer mounting groove 16. The clamping blocks are extended and retracted by the hydraulic system to achieve rapid clamping and release of the tool.

[0040] Taking the machining of the second surface of a fixed sphere as an example, the operator first installs the base in the fourth tool position of the CNC lathe and secures it with a tool holder and bolts. Next, the angle adjustment assembly is installed, connected to the base using a locating key and M20 locating bolts. The rotary table is rotated 45° according to the machining requirements, and the locking bolts are tightened to secure it. Then, the quick-change module is connected to the rotary table via the HSK63C interface. An R2 circular arc cutter is installed on the upper layer for outer diameter machining, and a Φ8 center drill is installed on the lower layer for inner diameter machining. Finally, the diameter adaptive assembly is installed. Based on the part size requirements, the CNC system controls the servo motor to drive the ball screw, adjusting the tool holder extension to 75mm (corresponding to a machining diameter of Φ150mm).

[0041] During the machining process, the machine tool sequentially calls the cutting tools according to the program: first, a center drill is used for positioning (T5), then an internal boring tool is used for roughing and finishing (T4), and finally an external turning tool is used for roughing and finishing (T2, T1). Compared with the traditional four-tool machine tool solution, the solution in this embodiment can reduce the machining process from 7 steps to 5 steps, shorten the tool change time from about 25 seconds / time to about 10 seconds / time, double the machining diameter range, increase tool utilization by 40%, and improve the overall machining efficiency by 25%, effectively solving the problems existing in the prior art.

[0042] Specifically, the principle of this utility model is as follows: The double-layer tool mounting slot of the quick-change module integrates outer and inner diameter machining tools into a single tool position. Combined with a spring and wedge block quick-clamping mechanism and a hydraulic unlocking device, it expands the number of tool positions, enabling a five-tool function from four tool positions, while also saving tool change time and significantly improving machining efficiency. The rotary table of the angle adjustment component can rotate freely 360°. Combined with a 0.5° precision dial and locking mechanism, it can accurately adjust the tool angle, avoiding complex skew machining, simplifying the process, and ensuring machining accuracy. The telescopic tool holder of the diameter adaptive component, driven by a servo motor and ball screw, can extend and retract within a stroke of 50-120mm. Combined with encoder feedback and CNC system control, it achieves automatic tool holder compensation, expanding the machining diameter range from ≤120mm to Φ100-240mm, breaking through the tailstock limitation. In addition, the base uses wire cutting technology to ensure high-precision flatness, and its positioning holes and threaded holes match to achieve micron-level assembly accuracy between components; the design of angle adjustment component locking parts, wedge block slots and hydraulic clamping blocks provides reliable rigid connection, effectively resists processing vibration, and ensures tool stability and processing accuracy.

Claims

1. A modular combined tool holder structure for a CNC lathe, characterized in that, The system includes a base, an angle adjustment assembly, a quick-change module assembly, and a diameter adaptive assembly. The base has a tool holder structure at the bottom that forms an interference fit with the tapered hole of the CNC lathe turret, and a positioning connection structure at the top. The angle adjustment assembly is mounted on the top of the base and includes a rotary disk and a locking element. The quick-change module assembly is connected to the rotary disk through a high-precision positioning structure, has a tool clamping mechanism inside, and has a double-layer mounting groove on one side for mounting tools. The diameter adaptive assembly is located in the tool mounting groove of the quick-change module assembly and includes a tool holder and a transmission mechanism for driving the extension and retraction of the tool holder.

2. The modular combined tool holder structure for a CNC lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning connection structure includes multiple sets of positioning holes and threaded holes, which are used for fixed connection with the angle adjustment component and the quick-change module component, respectively.

3. The modular combined tool holder structure for a CNC lathe according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rotating disk has a scale with a precision of 0.5° on its edge, which is used to precisely adjust the rotation angle of the rotating disk.

4. The modular combined tool holder structure for a CNC lathe according to claim 3, characterized in that, The high-precision positioning structure adopts the HSK63C interface to achieve a 5μm repeatability positioning accuracy; the tool clamping mechanism includes a spring and a wedge block, which is used to cooperate with the spring to achieve quick connection by embedding into the corresponding slot.

5. The modular combined tool holder structure for a CNC lathe according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper layer of the double-layer mounting slot is used to install external diameter machining tools, and the lower layer is used to install internal diameter machining tools. A partition plate is set between the two layers.

6. The modular combined tool holder structure for a CNC lathe according to claim 5, characterized in that, The tool holder consists of an inner rod and an outer rod. The transmission mechanism is a ball screw transmission system. The inner rod extends and retracts within the outer rod by driving the ball screw with a servo motor. The extension and retraction stroke range is Φ50-120mm.

7. A modular combined tool holder structure for a CNC lathe according to claim 6, characterized in that, The double-layer mounting slot is equipped with hydraulically driven clamping blocks on both sides. The extension and retraction of the clamping blocks are controlled by the hydraulic system to achieve rapid clamping and release of the tool.

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