Turning and grinding composite equipment for machining outer circle and annular groove of steel piston

Abstract

The utility model relates to turning and grinding composite equipment for machining an outer circle and an annular groove of a steel piston, and belongs to the technical field of piston machining equipment. The equipment comprises a base, a stand column, a left planker, a right planker, a left workbench, a right workbench, a tool turret, a static pressure electric spindle and a rotating spindle, the stand column is arranged on one side of the base, and the left planker and the right planker are horizontally arranged on the two sides of the stand column respectively through servo lead screw systems; the left carriage and the right carriage are vertically provided with a left workbench and a right workbench through servo lead screw systems respectively, the left workbench is provided with a tool turret, the tool turret is provided with a machining tool, the right workbench is provided with a static pressure electric spindle, the lower end of the static pressure electric spindle is provided with a grinding wheel, and the other side of the base is provided with a rotating spindle. Piston outer circle machining is completed through turning, turning is replaced by grinding when a piston ring groove is machined, the machining precision of the piston ring groove is improved, the service life of the piston ring groove is prolonged, the structure is compact, operation is convenient, and machining efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a turning and grinding composite equipment for machining the outer circle and annular groove of a steel piston, belonging to the technical field of piston machining equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, engines have been developing towards higher power and higher load, with continuously increasing strength and explosion pressure exceeding 20MPa. At the same time, emission requirements are becoming increasingly stringent. In order to meet the higher standards of engine requirements, it is necessary to design and develop steel pistons that have both high reliability and meet the requirements of economy and emission. Steel pistons have good high temperature resistance and mechanical properties, simple structure, high mechanical strength, good wear resistance, and long fatigue life. Under alternating dynamic loads, the first and second ring grooves of the steel piston bear the thermal load and mechanical load of high temperature and high pressure. Therefore, the machining accuracy of the piston ring grooves is very high. When the accuracy is not up to standard, the piston ring grooves are prone to wear during use. Excessive wear will lead to an increase in the side clearance of the piston ring grooves, causing blow-by and oil leakage, and loss of engine power.

[0003] The outer diameter and ring groove of the steel piston are machined on two different machines. The machining of the outer diameter and ring groove of the steel piston is divided into roughing and finishing. Currently, both roughing and finishing are done by turning on a horizontal lathe. However, the machining on a horizontal lathe is affected by gravity, especially when machining large-diameter pistons. The large mass and gravity have a significant impact, making it difficult to guarantee machining accuracy.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN207138865U discloses an integrated machining equipment for piston ring groove outer diameter, including a clamping fixture for holding the piston, a rotatable turret, and a precision turning tool box. The piston body is fixed on the clamping fixture, which includes a rotating shaft. The rotation of the rotating shaft drives the clamping fixture and the piston to rotate. At least one tool box is provided on the rotatable turret, and a ring groove cutting tool is provided on the tool box. A precision turning tool is provided on the precision turning tool box. This equipment reduces the relative positional error of each process by reducing the number of clamping operations. However, this equipment is a horizontal lathe composite structure, which is only suitable for machining small aluminum alloy pistons. If it is used to machine large pistons or steel pistons, firstly, it is difficult to meet the machining rigidity requirements, and secondly, large pistons have a large mass and are greatly affected by gravity, making it difficult to guarantee machining accuracy.

[0005] In view of this, this utility model is proposed for the machining of large pistons, which can complete the precision machining of the piston outer circle, top and ring groove in one clamping, thereby improving the overall accuracy and service life of the piston. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a turning-grinding composite equipment for machining the outer diameter and ring groove of a steel piston. The piston outer diameter is machined by turning, and the piston ring groove is machined by grinding instead of turning, which improves the machining accuracy and service life of the piston ring groove. It also has a compact structure, is easy to operate, and has high processing efficiency.

[0007] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0008] A turning and grinding compound equipment for machining the outer diameter and annular groove of a steel piston includes a base, a column, a left slide, a right slide, a left worktable, a right worktable, a turret, a piezoelectric spindle, and a rotary spindle, wherein:

[0009] A column is installed on one side of the base. A left slide and a right slide are horizontally installed on both sides of the column via servo screw systems. A left worktable and a right worktable are vertically installed on the left slide and the right slide via servo screw systems, respectively. A tool turret is installed on the left worktable, and a machining tool is installed on the tool turret. A piezoelectric spindle is installed on the right worktable, and a grinding wheel is installed at the lower end of the piezoelectric spindle. A rotary spindle is installed on the other side of the base, and the rotary spindle is driven by a drive motor.

[0010] The servo screw system is a commonly used existing drive mechanism, consisting of a servo motor, a ball screw, and linear guides. One end of the ball screw is connected to the servo motor, and the middle of the ball screw is connected to the drive components (i.e., the left slide, right slide, etc. of this application) via a slider. Linear guides are set on both sides of the ball screw, and the drive components are driven to slide linearly in a stable manner using the linear guides. The turret is an existing device and can be a multi-station turret, equipped with external turning tools, top-aligning tools, etc. The base, column, left slide, and right slide are all made of resin sand casting, which provides good stability.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a trigger sensor head A is provided on one side of the turret. During processing, the trigger sensor head A is used to detect the size and position of the workpiece in real time, avoiding repeated positioning during processing, speeding up the processing progress, and improving the size and position accuracy of the workpiece.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a tool setter is provided on the base on one side of the turret. During use, when the tool touches the tool setter, a trigger signal is transmitted to the control system to calculate the tool position and then perform machining. After multiple machining operations, the tool touches the tool setter again, and the trigger signal is transmitted to the servo system again to further calculate the tool wear and perform machining in real time. Through automated measurement, the clamping and tool setting auxiliary time is reduced, the machining error caused by tool wear or improper installation is reduced, and the machining efficiency and accuracy are improved.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment of this utility model, an online detection and tool setting mechanism is provided on the lower side of the hydrostatic spindle. The online detection and tool setting mechanism includes a detection guide rail, a cylinder, and a trigger sensor head B. The detection guide rail is fixed to the hydrostatic spindle, and a cylinder is provided on the detection guide rail. The trigger sensor head B is provided on the output shaft of the cylinder. During machining, the cylinder drives the trigger sensor head B to extend to a set position. The online detection and tool setting mechanism moves closer to the piston with the hydrostatic spindle. When the trigger sensor head B contacts the piston, a trigger signal is generated. At this time, the grinding wheel enters the designated working position in the piston ring groove, and the spindle rotates to machine the piston ring groove.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a sharpening device is provided on the base on one side of the rotating spindle. When the grinding wheel is worn, it can be directly repaired on the sharpening device by contouring, which is convenient and quick. The sharpening device is an existing device, including a sharpening base and a repair roller. A repair roller is provided on one side of the sharpening base, and the repair roller is driven to rotate by a motor.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a grating ruler is provided on the column to enhance the detection function. During processing, the grating ruler detects the moving distance of the left and right worktables, and works in conjunction with the online detection tool setting mechanism and the hydrostatic electric spindle for feeding. After the initial processing is completed, the grating ruler detects the distance between the upper and lower end faces of the piston ring groove and compares it with the processing values ​​set in the drawing. Based on the comparison error, the online detection tool setting mechanism and the hydrostatic electric spindle are controlled to further process and adjust the piston ring groove, and then the detection continues until the design requirements are met, thereby improving the processing accuracy.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment of this utility model, a fixing mechanism is provided on the rotating spindle to fix the piston. The fixing mechanism includes a pin, a pull buckle, a positioning plate, a connecting rod, and a rotary tensioning cylinder. The rotary tensioning cylinder is fixedly installed inside the rotating spindle, and a connecting rod is installed on the rotary tensioning cylinder. The connecting rod extends out of the rotating spindle, and a positioning plate is fixedly installed on the upper side of the rotating spindle. The connecting rod passes through the middle of the positioning plate, and a pin is installed at the top of the connecting rod through an annular pull buckle. In use, the piston is placed on the upper side of the positioning plate, and the positioning plate clamps and positions the piston. Then, the pin passes through the pull buckle and is installed in the pin holes at both ends of the piston. The rotary tensioning cylinder pulls the connecting rod down, thereby driving the pin down, and the piston is fixed by the pin.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the positioning disc is a circular disc with the same diameter as the piston stop diameter, and the piston is positioned by the positioning disc.

[0018] The method of using the above-mentioned turning and grinding combined equipment for machining the outer diameter and annular groove of steel pistons is as follows:

[0019] (1) Install the rough-machined piston on the rotary spindle. The left slide slides, driving the turret on the left worktable to move left, right, up and down, close to the tool setter. The tool touches the tool setter to determine the tool position. The turret moves and approaches the cylindrical surface of the piston to finish the outer circle of the piston. After completion, the turret changes the tool and uses a flush tool to machine the top of the piston. After the initial machining is completed, the sensor head A is triggered to contact the top of the piston and the outer circle end face to check the data and the deviation from the actual size. Then, the machining is repeated until the drawing size is reached. After completion, the left worktable drives the turret away from the piston position.

[0020] (2) The right slide plate slides, driving the hydrostatic spindle on the right worktable to approach the piston ring groove. The grinding wheel corresponds to the machining position of the first ring groove. The grinding wheel rotates, and the grating ruler detects the moving distance of the right worktable. The online detection tool setting mechanism moves closer to the piston with the hydrostatic spindle. When the trigger sensor head B contacts the piston, a signal is triggered. At this time, the grinding wheel enters the designated working position in the first ring groove of the piston. The rotating spindle rotates to machine the first ring groove of the piston. After the initial machining is completed, the grating ruler detects the distance between the upper and lower end faces of the piston ring groove. The online detection tool setting mechanism and the hydrostatic spindle are controlled to further process and adjust the piston ring groove to ensure machining accuracy.

[0021] (3) After the first ring groove is processed, the right worktable drives the hydrostatic electric spindle to move backward so that the grinding wheel corresponds to the processing position of the second ring groove. Repeat step (2) to complete the processing of the second ring groove.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0023] 1. This utility model allows for the simultaneous clamping of the piston on both sides without interference, enabling multi-process machining, reducing the number of clamping operations, lowering labor intensity, improving machining efficiency, and ensuring machining accuracy.

[0024] 2. This utility model adds online monitoring during the machining of the piston's outer circle and top. Based on the comparison error, the piston is further machined, and then the monitoring continues until the design requirements are met, thereby improving machining accuracy.

[0025] 3. This utility model adds a tool setting device, which can also detect and compensate for tool wear errors, thereby improving processing efficiency and ensuring processing accuracy.

[0026] 4. This utility model uses grinding instead of turning when machining piston ring grooves, which improves the machining accuracy and service life of piston ring grooves. It also has a compact structure, is easy to operate, and has high machining efficiency.

[0027] 5. This utility model uses a grinding machine to perform contour repair on the upper, lower, and side surfaces of the grinding wheel, which is convenient and quick.

[0028] 6. This utility model accurately determines the processing position through online detection of the tool setting mechanism, thereby improving processing efficiency and ensuring piston accuracy requirements.

[0029] 7. This utility model adds a detection function by using a grating ruler. During processing, the grating ruler detects the moving distance of the worktable, which is combined with the online detection tool setting mechanism and the hydrostatic electric spindle for feeding. After the initial processing is completed, the grating ruler detects the distance between the upper and lower end faces of the piston ring groove and compares it with the processing values ​​set in the drawing. Based on the comparison error, the online detection tool setting mechanism and the hydrostatic electric spindle are controlled to further process and adjust the piston ring groove. Then the detection continues until the design requirements are met, thus improving the processing accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic front view of the structure of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a left-side view of the structure of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a top view of the structure of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tool setting device of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the online detection and tool setting mechanism of this utility model;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing mechanism structure of this utility model;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the sharpening device of this utility model;

[0038] The components are as follows: 1. Base; 2. Column; 3. Left slide; 4. Right slide; 5. Left worktable; 6. Right worktable; 7. Turret; 8. Trigger sensor head A; 9. Tool setter; 10. Piezoelectric spindle; 11. Online detection tool setting mechanism; 12. Rotary spindle; 13. Drive motor; 14. Linear guide; 15. Ball screw; 16. Servo motor; 17. Detection guide; 18. Cylinder; 19. Trigger sensor head B; 20. Grinding wheel; 21. Pin; 22. Pull buckle; 23. Positioning plate; 24. Connecting rod; 25. Rotary tensioning cylinder; 26. Piston; 27. Grinding holder; 28. Repair roller; 29. ​​Grating ruler; 30. Machining tool. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but is not limited thereto.

[0040] Example 1:

[0041] like Figure 1-8 As shown, this embodiment provides a turning and grinding composite equipment for machining the outer diameter and annular groove of a steel piston, including a base 1, a column 2, a left slide 3, a right slide 4, a left worktable 5, a right worktable 6, a turret 7, a piezoelectric spindle 10, and a rotary spindle 12, wherein:

[0042] A column 2 is provided on one side of the base 1. A left slide 3 and a right slide 4 are horizontally provided on both sides of the column 2 via a servo screw system. A left worktable 5 and a right worktable 6 are vertically provided on the left slide 3 and the right slide 4 via a servo screw system. A turret 7 is provided on the left worktable 5, and a machining tool 30 is provided on the turret 7. A piezoelectric spindle 10 is provided on the right worktable 6, and a grinding wheel 20 is provided at the lower end of the piezoelectric spindle 10. A rotary spindle 12 is provided on the other side of the base 1. The rotary spindle is driven by a drive motor.

[0043] The servo screw system is a commonly used existing drive mechanism, consisting of a servo motor 16, a ball screw 15, and linear guides 14. One end of the ball screw 15 is connected to the servo motor 16, and the middle of the ball screw 15 is connected to the drive components (i.e., the left slide plate, right slide plate, etc. of this application) via a slider. Linear guides 14 are respectively set on both sides of the ball screw 15, and the linear guides 14 drive the drive components to slide linearly in a stable manner. The turret 7 is an existing device and can be a multi-station turret, equipped with external turning tools, top-mounted tools, etc. The base 1, column 2, left slide plate 3, and right slide plate 4 are all made of resin sand casting, which has good stability.

[0044] A trigger sensor head A8 is installed on one side of the turret 7. During processing, the trigger sensor head A is used to detect the size and position of the workpiece in real time, avoiding repeated positioning during processing, speeding up the processing progress, and improving the size and position accuracy of the workpiece.

[0045] A tool setter 9 is installed on the base on one side of the turret 7. When in use, the tool touches the tool setter, triggering a signal to the control system to calculate the tool position and then perform machining. After multiple machining operations, the tool touches the tool setter again, triggering a signal to the servo system again to further calculate the tool wear and perform machining in real time. Through automated measurement, the clamping and tool setting assistance time is reduced, and machining errors caused by tool wear or improper installation are reduced, thereby improving machining efficiency and accuracy.

[0046] An online detection tool setting mechanism 11 is provided on the lower side of the electrostatic spindle 10. The online detection tool setting mechanism 11 includes a detection guide rail 17, a cylinder 18, and a trigger sensor head B19. The detection guide rail 17 is fixed to the electrostatic spindle 10. The cylinder 18 is provided on the detection guide rail 17. The trigger sensor head B19 is provided on the output shaft of the cylinder 18. During machining, the cylinder drives the trigger sensor head B to extend to the set position. The online detection tool setting mechanism moves closer to the piston with the electrostatic spindle. When the trigger sensor head B contacts the piston, a trigger signal is triggered. At this time, the grinding wheel enters the designated working position in the piston ring groove, and the spindle rotates to machine the piston ring groove.

[0047] A sharpening device is installed on the base on one side of the rotating spindle 12. When the grinding wheel is worn, it can be repaired directly on the sharpening device by contouring, which is convenient and quick. The sharpening device is an existing device, including a sharpening base 27 and a repair roller 28. A repair roller is installed on one side of the sharpening base, and the repair roller is driven to rotate by a motor.

[0048] A linear encoder 29 is installed on column 2 to enhance the detection function. During machining, the linear encoder 29 detects the movement distance of the left worktable 5 and the right worktable 6. It works in conjunction with the online detection tool setting mechanism 11 and the hydrostatic electric spindle 10 for feed machining. After the initial machining is completed, the linear encoder detects the distance between the upper and lower end faces of the piston ring groove and compares it with the machining values ​​set in the drawing. Based on the comparison error, the online detection tool setting mechanism and the hydrostatic electric spindle are controlled to further process and adjust the piston ring groove. Then, the detection continues until the design requirements are met, thereby improving the machining accuracy.

[0049] A fixing mechanism is provided on the rotating spindle 12 to fix the piston. The fixing mechanism includes a pin 21, a pull buckle 22, a positioning plate 23, a connecting rod 24, and a rotary tensioning cylinder 25. The rotary tensioning cylinder 25 is fixedly installed inside the rotating spindle 12. The connecting rod 24 is installed on the rotary tensioning cylinder 25 and extends out of the rotating spindle 12. The positioning plate 23 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the rotating spindle 12. The connecting rod 24 passes through the middle of the positioning plate 23. The top of the connecting rod 24 is provided with a pin 21 through the annular pull buckle 22. In use, the piston is placed on the upper side of the positioning plate and the positioning plate clamps and positions the piston. Then, the pin passes through the pull buckle and is set in the pin holes at both ends of the piston. The rotary tensioning cylinder pulls the connecting rod down, which in turn drives the pin down, thereby fixing the piston through the pin.

[0050] Positioning disc 23 is a disc with the same diameter as the piston stop diameter, and the piston is positioned by the positioning disc.

[0051] The method of using the above-mentioned turning and grinding combined equipment for machining the outer diameter and annular groove of steel pistons is as follows:

[0052] (1) Install the rough-machined piston 26 on the rotary spindle 12. The left slide plate 3 slides, driving the turret 7 on the left worktable 5 to move left, right, up and down, close to the tool setter 9. The machining tool touches the tool setter to determine the tool position. The turret moves and approaches the cylindrical surface of the piston to finish the outer circle of the piston. After completion, the turret changes the tool and uses the flush tool to machine the top of the piston. After the initial machining is completed, the sensor head A8 is triggered to contact the top of the piston and the outer circle end face to check the data and the deviation from the actual size. Then, the machining is further cycled until the drawing size is reached. After completion, the left worktable 5 drives the turret 7 away from the position of the piston 26.

[0053] (2) The right slide plate 4 slides, driving the static electric spindle 10 on the right worktable 6 to approach the piston ring groove. The grinding wheel 20 corresponds to the processing position of the first ring groove. The grinding wheel 20 rotates, and the grating ruler 29 detects the moving distance of the right worktable 6. The online detection tool setting mechanism 11 approaches the piston with the static electric spindle. When the trigger sensor head B19 contacts the piston, a trigger signal is triggered. At this time, the grinding wheel enters the designated working position in the first ring groove of the piston. The rotating spindle 12 rotates to process the first ring groove of the piston 26. After the initial processing is completed, the grating ruler 29 detects the distance between the upper end face and the lower end face of the piston ring groove, and controls the online detection tool setting mechanism and the static electric spindle to further process and adjust the piston ring groove to ensure processing accuracy.

[0054] (3) After the first ring groove is processed, the right worktable 6 drives the static electric spindle 10 to move backward, so that the grinding wheel 20 corresponds to the processing position of the second ring groove. Repeat step (2) to complete the processing of the second ring groove.

[0055] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A turning and grinding composite equipment for machining the outer diameter and annular groove of a steel piston, characterized in that, Includes a base, column, left slide, right slide, left worktable, right worktable, turret, piezoelectric spindle, and rotary spindle, wherein: A column is installed on one side of the base. A left slide and a right slide are horizontally installed on both sides of the column via a servo screw system. A left worktable and a right worktable are vertically installed on the left slide and the right slide via a servo screw system, respectively. A turret is installed on the left worktable, and a machining tool is installed on the turret. A piezoelectric spindle is installed on the right worktable, and a grinding wheel is installed at the lower end of the piezoelectric spindle. A rotary spindle is installed on the other side of the base.

2. The turning and grinding composite equipment for machining the outer diameter and annular groove of a steel piston as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A trigger sensor head A is installed on one side of the turret.

3. The turning and grinding composite equipment for machining the outer diameter and annular groove of a steel piston as described in claim 2, characterized in that, A tool setter is installed on the base on one side of the turret.

4. The turning and grinding composite equipment for machining the outer diameter and annular groove of a steel piston as described in claim 3, characterized in that, An online detection and tool setting mechanism is provided on the lower side of the hydrostatic spindle. The online detection and tool setting mechanism includes a detection guide rail, a cylinder, and a trigger sensor head B. The detection guide rail is fixed to the hydrostatic spindle, and a cylinder is provided on the detection guide rail. A trigger sensor head B is provided on the cylinder output shaft.

5. The turning and grinding composite equipment for machining the outer diameter and annular groove of a steel piston as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A sharpening device is installed on the base on one side of the rotating spindle.

6. The turning and grinding composite equipment for machining the outer diameter and annular groove of a steel piston as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A grating ruler is installed on the column.

7. The turning and grinding composite equipment for machining the outer diameter and annular groove of a steel piston as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A fixing mechanism is provided on the rotating spindle to fix the piston. The fixing mechanism includes a pin, a pull buckle, a positioning plate, a connecting rod, and a rotary tensioning cylinder. The rotary tensioning cylinder is fixedly installed inside the rotating spindle. A connecting rod is installed on the rotary tensioning cylinder and extends out of the rotating spindle. A positioning plate is fixedly installed on the upper side of the rotating spindle. The connecting rod passes through the middle of the positioning plate, and a pin is installed at the top of the connecting rod through a ring-shaped pull buckle.

8. The turning and grinding composite equipment for machining the outer diameter and annular groove of a steel piston as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The positioning disc is a round disc, and the diameter of the positioning disc is the same as the diameter of the piston stop.

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