Fire energy separator for primary flue gas of converter

Abstract

The utility model discloses a converter primary flue gas fire energy separator, which comprises a central air outlet cylinder body, an elliptical upper seal head, a straight cylinder section, a conical section, an ash bucket and a main support, the elliptical upper seal head is sleeved outside the central air outlet cylinder body, flue gas enters the straight cylinder section through an air inlet to generate high-speed rotating airflow, so that the flue gas is separated from particles with high fire energy, and the particles with high fire energy are separated from the main support. The separated flue gas enters subsequent equipment through the central air outlet barrel, and the separated fire energy particles enter the ash hopper through the conical section and then are discharged through the double-layer flap valve. After the flue gas passes through the fire energy separator, the ignition energy in the flue gas is smaller than the minimum ignition energy of the converter gas, high-energy kindling is effectively separated, the danger of flash explosion of the converter gas is avoided, and the safety of the system is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of waste heat recovery facilities for steelmaking converters in iron and steel enterprises, specifically to a converter primary flue gas heat-energy separator. Background Technology

[0002] During converter smelting, the primary flue gas temperature at the outlet of the vaporization flue in a conventional converter design is 900℃~1000℃. It then enters a wet or dry dust removal system, typically using water spray cooling to lower the temperature to around 200℃ before purification and recovery. Therefore, the waste heat of the flue gas between 900℃ and 200℃ is wasted. The main reason this waste heat is not recovered is the risk of explosion of converter gas in the medium- and low-temperature range. According to the thermodynamics of combustible gases, a gas explosion requires the simultaneous fulfillment of the following three conditions:

[0003] 1) The mixing ratio of carbon monoxide with oxygen or air is within the explosive limits;

[0004] 2) Carbon monoxide is premixed with oxygen or air below its auto-ignition point (605-650℃);

[0005] 3) The system ignition energy is greater than the minimum ignition energy of the converter gas.

[0006] Therefore, in order to safely recover and utilize this portion of heat, it is necessary to ensure that the above three conditions cannot be met simultaneously. One approach is to separate the high-energy heat particles in the system, ensuring that the system's ignition energy is lower than the minimum ignition energy of the converter gas, thus guaranteeing system safety.

[0007] Because the temperature of the primary flue gas in the converter changes cyclically from low temperature to high temperature and back to low temperature, the equipment for separating thermal energy must also be able to withstand thermal shock. Utility Model Content

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a converter primary flue gas heat energy separator that can separate high-energy heat energy particles, ensuring that the system ignition energy is less than the minimum ignition energy of converter gas, thus guaranteeing the safety and stability of the converter gas waste heat recovery system.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0010] A converter primary flue gas heat-energy separator includes a central air outlet cylinder, an elliptical upper end cap, a straight section, a conical section, an ash hopper, and a main support;

[0011] The elliptical top end cap includes an elliptical inner wall, an elliptical outer wall, and a bottom plate. A cavity is formed between the elliptical inner wall and the elliptical outer wall. The cavity is filled with cooling water and a guide plate is provided to facilitate the flow of cooling water within the cavity. The bottom plate connects the elliptical inner wall and the elliptical outer wall. An inlet and an outlet are provided on the elliptical outer wall.

[0012] An elliptical upper end cap is fitted over the outside of the central air outlet duct body. The elliptical inner wall, elliptical outer wall, and bottom plate are all connected to the central air outlet duct body. An elliptical cavity is formed between the elliptical inner wall, bottom plate, and central air outlet duct body to prevent the accumulation of smoke. An exhaust port is provided at the top of the elliptical cavity.

[0013] The upper end of the straight section is connected to the bottom plate of the elliptical upper end cap. The lower end of the central air outlet duct extends into the interior of the straight section. An air inlet is provided on the side of the top of the straight section. The position of the air inlet is higher than the lower end face of the central air outlet duct. The flue gas enters the straight section through the air inlet, generating a high-speed rotating airflow.

[0014] An explosion relief valve is installed on the straight section;

[0015] The lower end of the straight section is connected to the conical section. Both the straight section and the conical section include an inner wall and an outer wall. A cavity is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall. The cavity is filled with cooling water. Multiple T-shaped reinforcing ribs are set in the cavity. The T-shaped reinforcing ribs are arranged in a spiral shape along the outer side of the circular inner wall, forming a spiral flow channel that facilitates the flow of cooling water in the cavity. The outer wall is provided with an inlet and an outlet.

[0016] The inner wall of the straight section, the inner wall of the conical section, the bottom surface of the elliptical upper end plate, the inner side of the central air outlet duct, and the outer side of the central air outlet duct located in the straight section are all covered with wear-resistant plastic linings and equipped with T-type fasteners and Y-type anchors. The T-type fasteners and Y-type anchors are used to fix the wear-resistant plastic linings.

[0017] The ash hopper includes an ash hopper body, a half-pipe water-cooled jacket, an ash hopper support, a connecting plate, a fluidizing device, and a ash cleaning door. The half-pipe water-cooled jacket is installed on the outside of the ash hopper body. The fluidizing device is installed in the ash hopper body. The connecting plate is installed on the top of the ash hopper body to connect to the lower end of the conical section. The ash cleaning door is installed at the ash cleaning port position on the side of the ash hopper body. The ash hopper support is connected to the outside of the ash hopper body.

[0018] The main support includes an upper top ring, a lower top ring, and a partition plate. The upper and lower top rings are directly connected to the inner walls of the straight section and the conical section, respectively. The outer wall of the straight section is connected to the top surface of the upper top ring, and the outer wall of the conical section is connected to the bottom surface of the lower top ring. The partition plate is fitted over the outer wall of the straight section, forming a cavity between the partition plate and the inner wall of the straight section. The cavity is filled with cooling water, and the partition plate has an inlet and an outlet. The lower top ring has multiple bolt holes, and the upper and lower top rings are connected by multiple stiffeners.

[0019] The outlet of the ash hopper is equipped with a double-layer flap valve.

[0020] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] During converter smelting, the flue gas temperature, after passing through the vaporization cooling flue and the high-temperature radiant waste heat boiler for waste heat recovery, is 660℃~700℃. It then enters a converter primary flue gas ignition energy separator according to this invention for ignition energy separation. After passing through the ignition energy separator, the ignition energy in the flue gas is lower than the minimum ignition energy of the converter gas, preventing high-energy ignition energy from entering subsequent equipment and causing converter gas combustion and explosion. Effective separation of high-energy ignition sources avoids the danger of flash explosions in converter gas, significantly improving system safety. Simultaneously, the flue gas after ignition energy separation reduces scouring and ash accumulation in subsequent waste heat recovery equipment, improving system stability. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a front view structural schematic diagram of the converter primary flue gas thermal energy separator according to an embodiment of this utility model, and it is also along the Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross section of line AA;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a top view of the primary flue gas thermal energy separator of the converter;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an elliptical upper end cap;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a straight section;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an ash hopper;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main support. Detailed Implementation

[0028] A converter primary flue gas heat-energy separator includes a central air outlet cylinder, an elliptical upper end cap, a straight section, a conical section, an ash hopper, and a main support;

[0029] The elliptical upper end cap 2 includes an elliptical inner wall 21, an elliptical outer wall 22, and a bottom plate 24. A cavity is formed between the elliptical inner wall 21 and the elliptical outer wall 22. The cavity is filled with cooling water and a guide plate 23 is provided to facilitate the flow of cooling water in the cavity. The bottom plate 24 connects the elliptical inner wall 21 and the elliptical outer wall 22. An inlet 26 and an outlet 25 are provided on the elliptical outer wall 22.

[0030] The elliptical upper end cap 2 is fitted outside the central air outlet duct body 6. The elliptical inner wall 21, the elliptical outer wall and the bottom plate are all connected to the central air outlet duct body 6. An elliptical cavity is formed between the elliptical inner wall 21, the bottom plate 24 and the central air outlet duct body 6 to avoid the accumulation of smoke. An exhaust port 27 is provided at the top of the elliptical cavity.

[0031] The upper end of the straight section 3 is connected to the bottom plate 24 of the elliptical upper end cap 2. The lower end of the central air outlet duct 6 extends into the interior of the straight section 3. An air inlet is provided on the side of the top of the straight section 3. The position of the air inlet is higher than the lower end face of the central air outlet duct. The flue gas enters the straight section through the air inlet, generating a high-speed rotating airflow.

[0032] An explosion relief valve is installed on the straight section;

[0033] The lower end of the straight section 3 is connected to the conical section 4. Both the straight section and the conical section include an inner wall and an outer wall. A cavity is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall. The cavity is filled with cooling water. Multiple T-shaped reinforcing ribs 33 are provided in the cavity. The T-shaped reinforcing ribs 33 are arranged in a spiral shape along the outer side of the circular inner wall, forming a spiral flow channel that facilitates the flow of cooling water in the cavity. The outer wall is provided with an inlet and an outlet.

[0034] The inner wall of the straight section 3, the inner wall of the conical section 4, the bottom surface of the bottom plate 24 of the elliptical upper end cap 2, the inner side of the central air outlet duct 6, and the outer side of the part of the central air outlet duct 6 located in the straight section 3 are all covered with wear-resistant plastic lining 31 and equipped with T-type fasteners 34 and Y-type anchors 35. The T-type fasteners 34 and Y-type anchors 35 are used to fix the wear-resistant plastic lining 31 (that is, T-type fasteners 34 and Y-type anchors 35 are set at the parts of the straight section, conical section, elliptical upper end cap 2 and central air outlet duct that come into contact with the flue gas to fix the wear-resistant plastic lining).

[0035] The ash hopper 5 includes an ash hopper body 51, a half-pipe water-cooled jacket 52, an ash hopper support 53, a connecting plate 54, a fluidizing device 55, and a ash cleaning door 56. The half-pipe water-cooled jacket 52 is provided on the outside of the ash hopper body 51. The fluidizing device 55 is installed in the ash hopper body 51. The connecting plate 54 is installed on the top of the ash hopper body 51 to connect the lower end of the conical section. The ash cleaning door 56 is installed at the ash cleaning port provided on the side of the ash hopper body 51. The ash hopper support 53 is connected to the outside of the ash hopper body 51.

[0036] The main support 7 includes an upper top ring 71, a lower top ring 72, and a partition plate 75. The upper top ring 71 and the lower top ring 72 are directly connected to the inner wall 31 of the straight section. The outer wall of the straight section is connected to the top surface of the upper top ring 71. The inner and outer walls of the conical section are connected to the bottom surface of the lower top ring 72. The partition plate 75 is fitted over the outer wall 31 of the straight section, forming a cavity between the partition plate 75 and the inner wall 31 of the straight section. The cavity is filled with cooling water. The partition plate 75 is provided with an inlet 76 and an outlet 77. The lower top ring 72 is provided with multiple bolt holes 78. The upper top ring 71 and the lower top ring 72 are connected by multiple stiffeners 74.

[0037] The outlet of ash hopper 5 is equipped with a double-layer flap valve 8.

[0038] The design principle of the converter primary flue gas thermal energy separator in this embodiment will be explained in more detail below.

[0039] 1) During converter smelting, the flue gas temperature after passing through the vaporization cooling flue and the high-temperature section radiant waste heat boiler is 660℃~700℃. It enters the thermal energy separator for thermal energy separation. The flue gas enters the straight section 3 through the air inlet 1 on the side of the top of the straight section, generating a high-speed rotating airflow, which separates the flue gas from particles with high thermal energy. The separated flue gas enters the subsequent equipment through the central air outlet duct 6. The separated thermal energy particles enter the ash hopper 5 through the conical section 3, and then are discharged through the double-layer flap valve 8.

[0040] 2) such as Figure 3 An elliptical cavity is formed between the elliptical inner wall 21 and the elliptical outer wall 22 of the elliptical upper end cap 2. The cavity is filled with water for cooling, and a guide plate 23 is provided to facilitate the flow of water in the cavity.

[0041] 3) The bottom plate 24 of the elliptical upper head 2 can isolate the flue gas entering the straight section 3, preventing the flue gas from accumulating in the elliptical cavity at the top of the elliptical upper head 2 and forming an explosive gas environment. In order to prevent the gas in the elliptical cavity at the top of the elliptical upper head 2 from exploding due to heat expansion, an exhaust port 27 is provided.

[0042] 4) such as Figure 4 A cavity is formed between the inner wall 31 and the outer wall 32 of the straight section 3, and this cavity is filled with water for cooling. T-shaped reinforcing ribs 33 are installed within the cavity. These ribs not only ensure that the straight section does not deform under internal and external pressure, but also form a spiral flow channel along the outer side of the circular inner wall 21, facilitating the flow of cooling water within the cavity. Because of the cooling water, the strength of the T-shaped reinforcing ribs 33 will not deform due to temperature increases, thus ensuring the overall stability of the straight section 3.

[0043] 5) T-type fasteners 34 and Y-type anchors 35 are provided along the circumference of the inner wall 31 of the straight section 3. The T-type fasteners 34 and Y-type anchors 35 are used to fix the wear-resistant plastic liner 36. The T-type structure can lock the wear-resistant plastic liner 36 from the top and bottom to prevent it from deforming and falling off due to thermal expansion and contraction and the scouring of flue gas. At the same time, due to the effect of cooling water on the outer side of the inner wall 31, the temperature change of the wear-resistant plastic liner 36 is reduced, which improves the thermal shock resistance and wear resistance of the straight section 3.

[0044] 6) The conical section 4 has a similar structure to the straight section 3, and has the characteristics of thermal shock resistance and wear resistance.

[0045] 7) A semi-pipe water-cooled jacket 52 is provided on the outside of the ash hopper body 51 of the ash hopper 5, which can be used to cool the separated pyroelectric particles and prevent them from igniting the converter gas (converter primary flue gas) due to excessive temperature. Inert gas nitrogen is introduced through the fluidization device 55, which can not only fluidize the pyroelectric particles and facilitate their discharge from the ash hopper 5, but also prevent the pyroelectric particles from igniting the converter gas due to high ignition energy.

[0046] 8) A cavity is formed between the partition plate 75 of the main support 7 and the inner wall 31 of the straight section 3. The cavity is filled with cooling water to prevent the main support 7 from losing strength due to high temperature. The upper top ring 71 and the lower top ring 72 are directly connected to the inner wall 31 of the straight section 3, providing better support for the straight section 3. The main support 7 is connected to the external support platform through bolt holes 78, ensuring the overall stability of the thermal energy separator.

[0047] 9) The outlet of ash hopper 5 is equipped with a double-layer flap valve 8. When the upper valve plate is open, the lower valve plate is closed, and when the upper valve plate is closed, the lower valve plate is open. This can ensure that the converter gas inside the thermal energy separator does not leak, and at the same time improve the separation efficiency of the thermal energy separator.

[0048] 10) An explosion relief valve 9 is installed on the straight section 3, which improves the safety of the equipment.

[0049] During converter smelting, the flue gas temperature after passing through the vaporization cooling flue and the high-temperature section radiant waste heat boiler is 660℃~700℃. It then enters the pyro-energy separator for pyro-energy separation. After passing through the pyro-energy separator, the ignition energy in the flue gas is less than the minimum ignition energy of the converter gas, thus preventing high-energy pyro-energy from entering subsequent equipment and causing converter gas combustion and explosion.

[0050] The high-temperature flue gas after heat separation enters subsequent equipment for waste heat recovery, and the temperature of the recovered flue gas is ~200℃.

[0051] When processing waste heat exceeding 200℃ from the primary flue gas of a fully dry recovery converter, the thermal energy separator effectively separates high-energy sparks, preventing the risk of flash explosions in the converter gas within the 605-650℃ range and significantly improving system safety. Simultaneously, the separated flue gas reduces scouring and ash accumulation in subsequent waste heat recovery equipment, enhancing system stability.

[0052] It should be understood that the above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the disclosure of this utility model, those skilled in the art can make various modifications or alterations to the present invention. For example, adjusting the form of the T-shaped reinforcing rib 33 and adopting other forms of reinforcing ribs; adjusting the spiral flow channel formed by the T-shaped reinforcing rib 33 and adopting a straight-through flow channel; adjusting the temperature at the inlet of the thermal separator; the flue gas processed by the thermal separator is not the primary flue gas from the converter, but can also be other high-temperature, high-dust gases. These equivalent substitutions and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A converter primary flue gas heat exchanger, characterized in that, It includes a central air outlet duct, an elliptical upper end cap, a straight section, a conical section, an ash hopper, and a main support; The elliptical top end cap includes an elliptical inner wall, an elliptical outer wall, and a bottom plate. A cavity is formed between the elliptical inner wall and the elliptical outer wall. The cavity is filled with cooling water and a guide plate is provided to facilitate the flow of cooling water within the cavity. The bottom plate connects the elliptical inner wall and the elliptical outer wall. An inlet and an outlet are provided on the elliptical outer wall. An elliptical upper end cap is fitted over the outside of the central air outlet duct body. The elliptical inner wall, elliptical outer wall, and bottom plate are all connected to the central air outlet duct body. An elliptical cavity is formed between the elliptical inner wall, bottom plate, and central air outlet duct body to prevent the accumulation of smoke. An exhaust port is provided at the top of the elliptical cavity. The upper end of the straight section is connected to the bottom plate of the elliptical upper end cap. The lower end of the central air outlet duct extends into the interior of the straight section. An air inlet is provided on the side of the top of the straight section. The position of the air inlet is higher than the lower end face of the central air outlet duct. The flue gas enters the straight section through the air inlet, generating a high-speed rotating airflow. An explosion relief valve is installed on the straight section; The lower end of the straight section is connected to the conical section. Both the straight section and the conical section include an inner wall and an outer wall. A cavity is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall. The cavity is filled with cooling water. Multiple T-shaped reinforcing ribs are set in the cavity. The T-shaped reinforcing ribs are arranged in a spiral shape along the outer side of the circular inner wall, forming a spiral flow channel that facilitates the flow of cooling water in the cavity. The outer wall is provided with an inlet and an outlet. The inner wall of the straight section, the inner wall of the conical section, the bottom surface of the elliptical upper end plate, the inner side of the central air outlet duct, and the outer side of the central air outlet duct located in the straight section are all covered with wear-resistant plastic linings and equipped with T-type fasteners and Y-type anchors. The T-type fasteners and Y-type anchors are used to fix the wear-resistant plastic linings. The ash hopper includes an ash hopper body, a half-pipe water-cooled jacket, an ash hopper support, a connecting plate, a fluidizing device, and a ash cleaning door. The half-pipe water-cooled jacket is installed on the outside of the ash hopper body. The fluidizing device is installed in the ash hopper body. The connecting plate is installed on the top of the ash hopper body to connect to the lower end of the conical section. The ash cleaning door is installed at the ash cleaning port position on the side of the ash hopper body. The ash hopper support is connected to the outside of the ash hopper body. The main support includes an upper top ring, a lower top ring, and a partition plate. The upper and lower top rings are directly connected to the inner walls of the straight section and the conical section, respectively. The outer wall of the straight section is connected to the top surface of the upper top ring, and the outer wall of the conical section is connected to the bottom surface of the lower top ring. The partition plate is fitted around the outer wall of the straight section, forming a cavity between the partition plate and the inner wall of the straight section. The cavity is filled with cooling water, and the partition plate has an inlet and an outlet. The lower top ring has multiple bolt holes, and the upper and lower top rings are connected by multiple stiffeners. The outlet of the ash hopper is equipped with a double-layer flap valve.

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