Multi-stage combined tower drill for geological exploration

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multistage combined tower drill for geological exploration, which comprises a drill body, an integrally formed connecting tail arranged at the tail end of the drill body, a vertically penetrating main air hole arranged in the middle of the drill body, a first connecting cavity arranged in the middle of the upper end face of the drill body and in threaded connection with a first-stage drill, and a second connecting cavity arranged in the middle of the upper end face of the drill body. The middle of the front end face of the first-stage drill is provided with a second connecting cavity and is in threaded connection with a second-stage drill, the middle of the front end face of the second-stage drill is provided with a third connecting cavity and is in threaded connection with a third-stage drill, impact alloy heads are arranged on the top end edges of the first-stage drill, the second-stage drill and the third-stage drill respectively, and the center of the end face of the third-stage drill is a concave face and is further provided with a tunneling alloy head. And air holes communicated with the main air holes in the drill body are also formed in the middle parts of the first-stage drill and the second-stage drill. The utility model has the advantages of simple installation and use process, convenient and fast sampling, independent replacement and use, no dead angle in rock drilling, smooth powder discharge, discharge of cutting rock slag through high-pressure air of the air hole, discharge of cutting heat and friction heat out of the bottom of the hole through drilling cuttings, and reduction of heat power consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of geological drilling tools, specifically a multi-stage combined tower drill for geological exploration. Background Technology

[0002] Drilling or exploration utilizes deep drilling mechanical engineering techniques to obtain geological profiles and physical samples for experiments and to acquire relevant data. Conventional drilling uses drilling machinery and processes to obtain rock and mineral cores below the surface, providing reliable evaluations of geological and mineral resource parameters; drilling is an important technical means in geological exploration. A drilling rig drills downwards from the surface, creating cylindrical boreholes in the strata to identify and delineate them. Rock cores, mineral samples, and soil samples can be obtained from different depths in the borehole for analysis and research, used to determine the physical and mechanical properties and indicators of rocks and soil layers, providing information for design needs.

[0003] The drilling rigs used are mainly divided into two types: rotary and impact. For example, patent publication number CN 103628821 A discloses a core drill bit suitable for drilling soft and hard objects, including a drill bit body and a conical head set below the drill bit body. The drill bit body is a hollow cylindrical shape, and a drill rod connection part is provided at the upper end of the drill bit. The inner diameter of the opening of the conical head is smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow cylindrical body of the drill bit body. An external helix is ​​provided on the outer surface of the drill bit body. Grooves are cut on the inclined surface and bottom surface of the conical head. A cutting tool of a corresponding shape is installed in the groove. The cutting tool is hinged in the groove by rivets. A limiting member is provided between the rivet and the hole on the cutting tool to limit the initial position of the cutting tool. There is a high-temperature resistant elastic pad between the limiting member and the bottom of the groove and between the cutting tool and the groove.

[0004] While this patented technology can simultaneously break up both soft and hard rocks, in practice, the excessive hardness of the rock can cause premature damage to the shear column of the drill bit, rendering the entire drill bit unusable and resulting in its scrapping. This leads to a short service life, a cumbersome installation process, and low sampling efficiency, creating a series of problems for actual production and increasing costs. Furthermore, the multi-stage nested structure used in traditional multi-stage drill bits has a fatal flaw in the drill string assembly process: the rigid connection between each drill body via threads is highly susceptible to loosening under high-frequency vibration, leading to deviations in the drilling direction or even drill string disintegration. This structural instability not only increases operational risks but also forces operators to frequently stop for maintenance, with auxiliary operations accounting for up to 40% of a single drilling operation, severely restricting sampling efficiency.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a multi-stage combined tower drill for geological exploration, in which each stage is independently designed. When a certain stage's alloy column is damaged, only the damaged stage needs to be replaced. The alloy blades of the first, second, and third stages are intricately arranged to ensure that there are no dead angles in rock drilling, smooth dust removal, and that cutting debris is discharged through high-pressure air via vents. Cutting heat and frictional heat are discharged to the bottom of the hole through drill cuttings, reducing heat consumption. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a multi-stage combined tower drill for geological exploration, which solves the various problems existing in the existing technology.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A multi-stage combined tower drill for geological exploration includes a drill body, an integrally formed connecting tail at the tail end of the drill body, a vertically penetrating main air hole in the middle of the drill body, a connecting cavity I in the middle of the upper end face of the drill body, and a first-stage drill threadedly connected thereto, a connecting cavity II in the middle of the front end face of the first-stage drill and a connecting cavity II in the middle of the front end face of the second-stage drill and a connecting cavity III in the middle of the front end face of the second-stage drill and a connecting cavity III in the middle of the front end face of the second-stage drill and a connecting cavity III in the middle of the front end face of the third-stage drill, impact alloy heads are respectively provided at the top edges of the first-stage, second-stage, and third-stage drills, the center of the end face of the third-stage drill is concave and also provided with a tunneling alloy head, several branch air holes are evenly distributed on the side circumference of the third-stage drill and the branch air holes are connected to the air holes provided at the bottom, and the middle of the first-stage and second-stage drills are also provided with air holes connected to the main air hole on the drill body.

[0009] The thread profiles between the primary drill and connecting cavity one, the secondary drill and connecting cavity two, and the tertiary drill and connecting cavity three are all designed as a composite structure of trapezoidal bearing surface and wedge-shaped locking surface. The angle of the wedge-shaped locking surface of the threads of the primary drill, secondary drill, and tertiary drill is a 15° inclined plane. The corresponding thread roots of connecting cavity one, connecting cavity two, and connecting cavity three are provided with reverse inclined planes.

[0010] Therefore, by utilizing the high load-bearing capacity of the trapezoidal thread and the mechanical interlocking effect of the wedge-shaped locking surface, the connection reliability between the drill bit and the connecting cavity is significantly improved, making it particularly suitable for drilling operations in environments with high torque, high axial force, and vibration.

[0011] The primary, secondary, and tertiary drills are fitted with spaced permanent magnet rings in their thread gaps, and the thread surfaces of the connecting cavities one, two, and three are coated with a soft magnetic alloy layer.

[0012] Electromagnetic coils are installed in the thread gaps of the first-stage, second-stage, and third-stage drills. The coils are spaced apart from the installed permanent magnet rings. The bottom end faces of the first-stage, second-stage, and third-stage drills are respectively provided with slots for the ends of the electromagnetic coils to pass through. The air holes in the middle of the joint and the main air holes are respectively provided with through slots for the lower end faces of the electromagnetic coils to pass through.

[0013] The wedge-shaped drill wings on the first-level, second-level, and third-level drills are evenly distributed and spaced apart in the circumferential direction, and the wedge-shaped drill wings of adjacent first-level and second-level drills, as well as those of the second-level and third-level drills, are circumferentially misaligned.

[0014] The bevel angle of the impact alloy head (8) is 10°-20°.

[0015] The inner wall of the main air vent is equipped with spiral guide vanes to form a vortex airflow.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0017] This utility model, through its multi-stage drill body thread structure design, not only enhances the structural strength of the drill body but also optimizes the mechanical distribution during drilling, making rock drilling operations smoother and more efficient. The top of the three-stage drill body adopts a central concave surface design, which cleverly guides the flow of debris during drilling, reduces the phenomenon of stuck drill, and at the same time ensures the forming quality of the hole, making it more regular and standard.

[0018] The drill body is carefully designed with a connecting tail, which has a main air hole inside. This design not only facilitates quick connection with other equipment or accessories, but also achieves effective ventilation and cooling through the main air hole, extending the service life of the drill body and improving drilling efficiency.

[0019] The drill body structure is replaceable, so when the alloy on a part of the drill body is damaged, only that part needs to be replaced instead of the entire drill bit, which greatly saves maintenance costs.

[0020] In summary, this utility model has a reasonable overall structural design, is simple to install and use, allows for convenient and quick sampling by sampling personnel, has a long overall service life, and is low in cost, thus meeting the usage requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is the front view of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A sectional view;

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of the local structure at point A;

[0024] Figure 4This is a top view of the present invention.

[0025] Figure label:

[0026] 1. Drill body; 2. Connecting tail; 3. Main air hole; 4. First-stage drill; 5. Second-stage drill; 6. Third-stage drill; 8. Impact alloy head; 9. Tunneling alloy head; 10. Support air hole; 11. Trapezoidal bearing surface; 12. Wedge-shaped locking surface; 13. Permanent magnet ring; 14. Soft magnetic alloy layer; 15. Electromagnetic coil; 16. Slot; 17. Through slot; 18. Wedge-shaped drill wing; 19. Spiral guide vane. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0028] See appendix Figure 1-4 ;

[0029] A multi-stage combined tower drill for geological exploration includes a drill body 1, an integrally formed connecting tail 2 at the tail end of the drill body 1, a vertically penetrating main air hole 3 in the middle of the drill body 1, a connecting cavity 1 in the middle of the upper end face of the drill body, and a first-stage drill 4 threadedly connected thereto, a connecting cavity 2 in the middle of the front end face of the first-stage drill 4, and a second-stage drill 5 threadedly connected thereto, a connecting cavity 3 in the middle of the front end face of the second-stage drill 5, and a third-stage drill 6 threadedly connected thereto, impact alloy heads 8 are respectively provided at the top edges of the first-stage drill 4, the second-stage drill 5, and the third-stage drill 6, with an inclined angle of 10°-20°, the center of the end face of the third-stage drill is concave and is also provided with a tunneling alloy head 9, and several branch air holes 10 are evenly distributed on the side circumference of the third-stage drill 6, and the branch air holes 10 are connected to the air holes provided at the bottom, and the middle of the first-stage drill 4 and the second-stage drill 5 are also provided with air holes connected to the main air hole 3 on the drill body 1.

[0030] Furthermore, the thread profiles between the primary drill bit 4 and connecting cavity one, the secondary drill bit 5 and connecting cavity two, and the tertiary drill bit 6 and connecting cavity three are all designed as a composite structure of a trapezoidal bearing surface 11 and a wedge-shaped locking surface 12. The wedge-shaped locking surface 12 of the threads of the primary, secondary, and tertiary drill bits has a 15° angle, and the corresponding thread roots of connecting cavities one, two, and three have reverse angles. The trapezoidal thread profile design provides a large contact area, which can distribute the load between the drill bit and the connecting cavity, improve shear and extrusion resistance, and has a high load-bearing capacity. Moreover, it can generate sufficient friction under stress to prevent the drill bit from loosening or slipping under axial force, ensuring the reliability of the connection. The 15° angle design of the wedge-shaped locking surface generates additional radial force during tightening through the wedge effect, making the thread fit between the drill bit and the connecting cavity tighter. This design significantly improves the connection's resistance to loosening, especially under vibration or impact loads. The 15° bevel allows for a certain angular deviation, compensating for dimensional errors in the drill bit and connecting cavity during manufacturing, ensuring smooth assembly and sealing. Reverse bevels are provided at the corresponding tooth roots of connecting cavities one, two, and three, forming a mechanical interlocking structure with the drill bit's wedge-shaped locking surface. When the drill bit is screwed into the connecting cavity, the reverse bevels and wedge-shaped locking surfaces engage, further enhancing the connection's resistance to loosening. The reverse bevels also restrict the drill bit's movement under axial force, preventing thread stripping or loosening. Especially under high speed or heavy load conditions, this design significantly improves the connection's safety.

[0031] Furthermore, permanent magnet rings 13 are fitted into the thread gaps of the first-stage drill bit 4, the second-stage drill bit 5, and the third-stage drill bit 6. A soft magnetic alloy layer 14 is plated onto the thread surfaces of connecting cavities one, two, and three. The size of the permanent magnet rings perfectly matches the thread gaps, preventing installation difficulties due to excessive tightness and displacement during use due to excessive looseness. The thread surfaces of connecting cavities one, two, and three are uniformly plated with a soft magnetic alloy layer using advanced plating technology. This alloy layer has good magnetic permeability and low coercivity, enabling efficient magnetic attraction with the permanent magnet rings. This magnetic pre-tightening design is significant: as the drill bits are connected stage by stage, the permanent magnet rings and the soft magnetic alloy layer attract each other, forming a strong magnetic pre-tightening force, ensuring a tight fit between each drill bit and the connecting cavity from the initial stage, effectively reducing gaps and wobbling during assembly. During drilling operations, the magnetic preload can continuously exert its effect, resisting the influence of external forces such as vibration and impact on the connection parts, preventing the threads from loosening or disengaging, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the drilling tools and extending their service life.

[0032] Electromagnetic coils 15 are fitted into the thread gaps of the primary drill bit 4, secondary drill bit 5, and tertiary drill bit 6. The electromagnetic coils 15 are located in mounting slots inside the mounted permanent magnet ring 13. The bottom surfaces of the primary, secondary, and tertiary drill bits each have mounting slots 16 for the ends of the electromagnetic coils 15 to pass through. Furthermore, the air vents in the middle of the joint and the main air vent 3 each have through slots 17 for the lower end face of the electromagnetic coil to pass through. The electromagnetic coils are precisely fitted into the thread gaps of the primary, secondary, and tertiary drill bits. These coils are spaced apart from the nested permanent magnet rings, maintaining a specific gap between them to form a stable magnetic field environment. The bottom surfaces of the primary, secondary, and tertiary drill bits each have mounting slots specifically for the ends of the electromagnetic coils to pass through. These slots are designed with an arc shape that matches the outer diameter of the coil, ensuring stability during high-speed rotation. In addition, through slots are provided in the air vents in the middle of the dock and the main air vents for the lower end face of the electromagnetic coil to pass through. The through slots are connected to the air vents by a smooth transition curved surface to reduce airflow resistance.

[0033] During disassembly, an external reverse magnetic field generator (i.e., an external electromagnetic coil) produces a magnetic field opposite to that of the permanent magnet ring. This utilizes the principle of magnetic pole repulsion to weaken the magnetic attraction of the permanent magnet ring to the electromagnetic coil. When the strength of the reverse magnetic field reaches a preset threshold, the magnetic attraction between the electromagnetic coil and the permanent magnet ring is significantly reduced. At this point, only 30% of the conventional torque is needed to complete the unlocking operation, effectively reducing the mechanical stress on the equipment structure during disassembly and improving the safety of maintenance operations.

[0034] Furthermore, wedge-shaped drill wings 18 are evenly distributed and spaced along the circumference of the primary drill bit 4, secondary drill bit 5, and tertiary drill bit 6, with the wedge-shaped drill wings 18 of adjacent primary drill bit 4 and secondary drill bit 5, as well as those of secondary drill bit 5 and tertiary drill bit 6, being circumferentially staggered. These wedge-shaped drill wings are not simply aligned, but are carefully designed so that the wedge-shaped drill wings between adjacent primary and secondary drill bits, and between secondary and tertiary drill bits, are staggered in the circumferential direction. When the drill bit is working, the staggered wedge-shaped drill wings can more effectively disperse the resistance encountered during drilling, avoid local stress concentration, thereby improving the overall drilling efficiency of the drill bit, reducing the risk of drill bit damage due to excessive stress, and extending the service life of the drill bit.

[0035] Furthermore, the inner wall of the main air vent 3 is equipped with spiral guide vanes 19 to form a vortex airflow. When the airflow passes through the main air vent, the spiral guide vanes guide the airflow along a spiral path, thereby forming a vortex airflow. During the drilling process, the vortex airflow plays a crucial role. It can enhance the airflow's ability to carry drill cuttings, allowing the drill cuttings to be discharged from the borehole more efficiently, reducing the accumulation of drill cuttings in the hole, and lowering the risk of stuck drill. At the same time, the pressure fluctuations generated by the vortex airflow help to break harder rock formations, improve drilling efficiency, and make drilling operations smoother and more efficient.

[0036] Although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This way of describing the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0037] Therefore, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application; that is, all equivalent modifications made in accordance with the scope of the claims of this application shall be within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-stage combined tower drill for geological exploration, comprising a drill body (1), characterized in that: The drill body (1) has an integrally formed connecting tail (2) at its tail end. The drill body (1) has a vertically penetrating main air hole (3) in its middle. The upper end face of the drill body has a connecting cavity one in its middle, and a first-stage drill (4) is threadedly connected thereto. The front end face of the first-stage drill (4) has a connecting cavity two in its middle, and a second-stage drill (5) is threadedly connected thereto. The front end face of the second-stage drill (5) has a connecting cavity three in its middle, and a third-stage drill (6) is threadedly connected thereto. The top edges of the first-stage drill (4), the second-stage drill (5), and the third-stage drill (6) are respectively provided with impact alloy heads (8). The center of the end face of the third-stage drill is concave and is also provided with a tunneling alloy head (9). Several branch air holes (10) are evenly distributed on the side circumference of the third-stage drill (6), and the branch air holes (10) are connected to the air holes provided at the bottom. The middle of the first-stage drill (4) and the second-stage drill (5) are also provided with air holes that are connected to the main air hole (3) on the drill body (1).

2. The multi-stage combined tower drill for geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thread profiles of the connecting cavity one, connecting cavity two and connecting cavity three are all designed as a composite structure of trapezoidal bearing surface (11) and wedge-shaped locking surface (12). The angle of the wedge-shaped locking surface (12) is a 15° inclined surface. The corresponding thread roots of the connecting cavity one, connecting cavity two and connecting cavity three are provided with reverse inclined surfaces.

3. The multi-stage combined tower drill for geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: Permanent magnet rings (13) are installed in the thread gaps of the first-level drill (4), second-level drill (5), and third-level drill (6), and soft magnetic alloy layers (14) are plated on the thread surfaces of the first connecting cavity, the second connecting cavity, and the third connecting cavity.

4. The multi-stage combined tower drill for geological exploration according to claim 3, characterized in that: Electromagnetic coils (15) are installed in the thread gaps of the first-stage drill (4), second-stage drill (5), and third-stage drill (6), and the electromagnetic coils (15) are located in the mounting groove inside the mounting permanent magnet ring (13). The bottom end faces of the first-stage drill, second-stage drill, and third-stage drill are respectively provided with mounting grooves (16) for the end of the electromagnetic coil (15) to pass through, and the air hole in the middle of the docking and the main air hole (3) are respectively provided with through grooves (17) for the lower end face of the electromagnetic coil to pass through.

5. The multi-stage combined tower drill for geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wedge-shaped drill wings (18) are evenly distributed and spaced along the circumference of the first-level drill (4), second-level drill (5), and third-level drill (6), and the wedge-shaped drill wings (18) of adjacent first-level drill (4) and second-level drill (5) and second-level drill (5) and third-level drill (6) are circumferentially misaligned.

6. The multi-stage combined tower drill for geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bevel angle of the impact alloy head (8) is 10°-20°.

7. The multi-stage combined tower drill for geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the main air hole (3) is provided with a spiral guide vane (19) to form a vortex airflow.

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