Heading machine slideway linkage hydraulic support device suitable for rectangular roadway

Abstract

The utility model discloses a heading machine slideway linkage hydraulic support device suitable for a rectangular roadway. A pair of upper hanging slideways and a pair of lower hanging slideways are oppositely arranged on the two sides of a heading machine; the pair of upper hooking guide rails is assembled in the pair of upper hooking slide ways in a sliding manner and is driven by an upper driving hydraulic cylinder; the pair of lower hanging guide rails is assembled in the pair of lower hanging slideways in a sliding manner and is driven by a lower driving hydraulic cylinder; the two groups of hanging bracket units are distributed on the two sides of the heading machine; each group of hitching type bracket unit comprises a plurality of hitching supporting single bodies; each hanging supporting single body comprises a fixed connecting sleeve, an upper hanging supporting mechanism and a lower hanging supporting mechanism; the upper hanging supporting mechanism comprises an upper hydraulic supporting column, an upper pressure bearing disc and an upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixedly inserted into an upper mounting hole in the upper hanging guide rail; the lower hanging supporting mechanism comprises a lower hydraulic supporting column, a lower pressure bearing disc and a lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixedly inserted into a lower mounting hole in the lower hanging guide rail. The system has an ideal supporting effect on the rectangular roadway and can adapt to the rectangular roadway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of construction technology of mine roadway and tunnel engineering, specifically a hydraulic support device for tunneling machine slide rails suitable for rectangular roadways. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of mining roadway and tunnel engineering, rectangular roadways are widely used in underground mining scenarios such as coal mines and metal mines due to their advantages such as high space utilization and ease of equipment installation. However, the temporary support technology during rapid tunneling has long faced multiple technical bottlenecks: traditional temporary support equipment mostly adopts a split structure independent of the tunneling machine, requiring manual handling, installation, and debugging, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and requires a large investment of labor costs. Furthermore, when the cross-sectional width of the rectangular roadway reaches 3.5-5.0m, the on-site assembly time of the support equipment increases significantly. According to engineering statistics, it takes an average of 2-3 hours to form an effective support system after tunneling operations are completed. During this period, local collapses are prone to occur at the right-angle corners of the rectangular roadway roof and sides due to stress concentration effects. Actual measurement data shows that the deformation of the surrounding rock can reach 40-60mm, seriously threatening operational safety. From a structural compatibility perspective, the right-angle contour characteristics of the rectangular roadway are significantly incompatible with the curved or trapezoidal design of traditional support devices. Therefore, traditional support devices are difficult to coordinate with the tunneling machine to form a support mechanism, and cannot adjust the position of the support synchronously with the advancement of the tunneling machine. At the same time, due to the lack of targeted support in the right-angled areas of the sidewalls of rectangular roadways, the rate of sidewall collapse is 20%-30% higher than that of trapezoidal roadways, and the support efficiency and safety are difficult to meet the needs of modern rapid tunneling.

[0003] The aforementioned problems highlight the shortcomings of existing technologies in terms of support timeliness and structural adaptability. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a hydraulic support device that can adapt to the contour features of rectangular roadways and work in coordination with tunneling machines. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a sliding track linkage hydraulic support device for tunneling machines suitable for rectangular roadways. This system has a simple structure, high safety factor, and strong versatility. It provides ideal support for rectangular roadways and can effectively adapt to the support needs of rectangular roadways. It can effectively reduce the accident rate of sidewall spalling in right-angle areas. At the same time, it has high support efficiency, can significantly shorten support time, can reduce reliance on manual labor, and can effectively save support materials. It can meet the safety and efficiency requirements of rapid tunneling in rectangular roadways and realize real-time support of surrounding rock and "tunneling-support" coordinated operation during the tunneling process of rectangular roadways.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a tunneling machine slide rail linkage hydraulic support device suitable for rectangular tunnels, including a tunneling machine, an upper hanging guide rail, a lower hanging guide rail, an upper driving hydraulic cylinder, a lower driving hydraulic cylinder, and a hanging support unit.

[0006] The tunneling machine has a pair of upper mounting rails and a pair of lower mounting rails respectively located at the upper and lower parts of the waistline on both sides in the width direction; the pair of upper mounting rails are slidably assembled in the pair of upper mounting rails, and multiple upper mounting holes are evenly opened in the length direction of the upper mounting rails; the pair of lower mounting rails are slidably assembled in the pair of lower mounting rails, and multiple lower mounting holes are evenly opened in the length direction of the lower mounting rails; the multiple upper mounting holes and multiple lower mounting holes on the same side correspond one-to-one to form multiple sets of mounting holes;

[0007] A pair of upper drive hydraulic cylinders are correspondingly set above a pair of upper hanging slides. The upper drive hydraulic cylinders are arranged horizontally, and the bottom of their cylinders is fixedly connected to the tunneling machine through the upper fixed seat. The piston rod end is fixedly connected to the front section of the upper hanging guide rail through the upper connecting beam.

[0008] A pair of lower drive hydraulic cylinders are correspondingly set below a pair of lower hanging slides. The lower drive hydraulic cylinders are arranged horizontally, and the bottom of their cylinders is fixedly connected to the tunneling machine through the lower fixed seat. The piston rod end is fixedly connected to the front section of the lower hanging guide rail through the lower connecting beam.

[0009] Two sets of mounting support units are distributed opposite each other on both sides of the tunneling machine in the width direction; each set of mounting support units includes multiple mounting support units; the multiple mounting support units correspond to multiple sets of mounting holes respectively;

[0010] The mounting support unit includes a fixed connecting sleeve, an upper mounting support mechanism, and a lower mounting support mechanism; the fixed connecting sleeve is vertically arranged.

[0011] The upper hanging support mechanism is located above the fixed connecting sleeve and includes an upper hydraulic support column, an upper pressure plate, an upper fixed connecting member, and an upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder. The upper hydraulic support column is placed vertically, and the bottom of the cylinder barrel in the upper hydraulic support column is fixedly inserted into the upper cavity of the fixed connecting sleeve. The upper pressure plate is hinged to the upper end of the upper piston column in the upper hydraulic support column. The upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder is arranged horizontally. The upper fixed connecting member is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the cylinder barrel in the upper hydraulic support column. The upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder is arranged horizontally, and the end of its piston rod is fixedly connected to the upper fixed connecting member, and the bottom of its cylinder barrel is fixedly inserted into the upper mounting hole. At the same time, multiple upper hanging support mechanisms in multiple hanging support units are evenly distributed along the length direction of the upper hanging guide rail.

[0012] The lower hanging support mechanism is located below the fixed connecting sleeve and includes a lower hydraulic support column, a lower pressure plate, a lower fixed connector, and a lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder. The lower hydraulic support column is placed in an inverted vertical position, and the bottom of the cylinder in the lower hydraulic support column is fixedly inserted into the lower cavity of the fixed connecting sleeve. The lower pressure plate is hinged to the lower end of the lower piston column in the lower hydraulic support column. The lower fixed connector is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the cylinder in the lower hydraulic support column. The lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder is arranged horizontally, and the end of its piston rod is fixedly connected to the lower fixed connector, while the bottom of its cylinder is fixedly inserted into the lower mounting hole. At the same time, multiple lower hanging support mechanisms in multiple hanging support units are evenly distributed along the length direction of the lower hanging guide rail.

[0013] In one preferred embodiment, the system further includes a hydraulic pump station, which is connected to the upper drive hydraulic cylinder, the lower drive hydraulic cylinder, the upper hydraulic support, the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder, the lower hydraulic support, and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic pump station facilitates the supply of high-pressure oil to the hydraulic support, drive hydraulic cylinder, and telescopic hydraulic cylinder, thereby enabling easy changes to the vertical support state, the lateral forward and backward extension state, and the lateral telescopic state.

[0014] Furthermore, in order to effectively adapt to the uneven surface of the top and bottom plates, and to ensure the support effect, the upper bearing plate and the upper movable column are connected by a ball joint, the rotation angle range of the ball joint is ≥±15°, and an angle locking device is provided. The lower bearing plate and the lower movable column are connected by a ball joint, the rotation angle range of the ball joint is ≥±15°, and an angle locking device is provided.

[0015] Furthermore, in order to ensure a large range of extension and retraction to improve the versatility of the system, both the upper and lower extension hydraulic cylinders are double-acting multi-stage hydraulic cylinders.

[0016] Furthermore, in order to dynamically adapt to the deformation of the roof slab and effectively resist impact forces to ensure the support effect, an upper gradient stiffness rubber pad is fitted to the upper end face of the upper bearing plate, and four upper ribs arranged in a cross shape are fixedly connected around its lower end face; a lower gradient stiffness rubber pad is fitted to the lower end face of the lower bearing plate, and four lower ribs arranged in a cross shape are fixedly connected around its upper end face; both the upper and lower gradient stiffness rubber pads are made of variable modulus polyurethane material, with a hardness range of Shore A60-90 and an elastic modulus of 2-10 MPa.

[0017] In this invention, upper and lower mounting rails are slidably mounted in upper and lower mounting channels at the waistline positions on both sides of the tunneling machine, enabling them to slide relative to the length of the tunneling machine. Upper and lower drive hydraulic cylinders, mounted on the sides of the tunneling machine, are connected to the upper and lower mounting rails respectively. The extension and retraction of the upper and lower mounting rails are synchronously driven by the synchronized action of the upper and lower drive hydraulic cylinders. During extension, the upper and lower mounting rails extend towards the tunneling head; during retraction, they retract into the upper and lower mounting channels. Furthermore, multiple mounting support units are fixedly connected to the upper and lower mounting rails on the same side, and the upper and lower drive hydraulic cylinders drive the upper and lower mounting rails, enabling coordinated pushing and pulling of the support group. This facilitates the formation of a support structure in front of or behind the tunneling machine, ensuring reliable tunneling operations. The vertical installation of upper hydraulic struts on the upper mounting support mechanism facilitates the provision of vertical support force to the roof when extended. Connecting an upper bearing plate to the upper piston of the upper hydraulic strut increases the contact area between the upper piston and the roof, and also helps to evenly and widely transfer the support force to the roof, thus improving the support effect. A telescopic hydraulic cylinder, connected to the upper hydraulic strut, is installed laterally on the upper mounting support mechanism. The cylinder barrel of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper mounting guide rail via an upper mounting connecting seat. This allows the upper mounting support mechanism to move along the length of the tunneling machine during the extension and retraction of the upper mounting guide rail relative to the upper mounting slide, facilitating easy changes in the support position. Furthermore, in the non-support state, the upper hydraulic struts and upper telescopic hydraulic cylinders can be fully retracted, minimizing the occupied volume during tunneling machine movement and allowing for better follow-up with the tunneling machine. The vertical installation of a lower hydraulic prop in the lower mounting support mechanism facilitates the provision of vertical support force to the base plate when extended. A lower bearing plate is connected to the upper end of the lower piston of the lower hydraulic prop, increasing the contact area between the lower piston and the base plate. This also helps to evenly and widely transfer the support force of the lower piston to the base plate, improving the support effect. A lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder, connected to the lower hydraulic prop, is installed laterally in the lower mounting support mechanism. The cylinder barrel of the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower mounting guide rail. This allows the lower mounting support mechanism to move along the length of the tunneling machine during the extension and retraction of the lower mounting guide rail relative to the lower mounting slide, facilitating easy changes in the support position. Furthermore, in the non-supporting state, the lower hydraulic prop and lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder can be fully retracted, minimizing the occupied volume during tunneling machine movement and allowing for better follow-up with the tunneling machine.The upper and lower parts of the fixed connecting sleeve are respectively fixedly fitted onto the bottom of the upper hydraulic prop cylinder and the bottom of the lower hydraulic prop cylinder, enabling the upper and lower hydraulic props to form a vertical support unit. This allows the pressure from the roof to be transferred to the floor when the upper hydraulic prop is supporting the roof and the lower hydraulic prop is supporting the floor, ensuring reliable roof support. Simultaneously, it prevents vertical pressure from being transferred to the tunneling machine, ensuring normal tunneling and movement operations. The upper and lower hydraulic props are fixedly connected by the fixed connecting sleeve to form a vertical, large-distance support structure. The upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder is vertically connected to the upper hydraulic prop via the upper fixed connector, and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder is vertically connected to the lower hydraulic prop via the lower fixed connector. The resulting support device is a tilted T-shaped structure, effectively suitable for supporting the sides of rectangular roadways and easily connected to the tunneling machine, ensuring effective coordinated tunneling and support operations.

[0018] This system features a simple structure, timely support response, high safety factor, and strong versatility. It provides ideal support for rectangular roadways, effectively adapting to their support requirements and reducing the accident rate of sidewall spalling in right-angle areas. Furthermore, its high support efficiency significantly shortens support time, reduces reliance on manual labor, and effectively saves support materials. Moreover, the system uses a hook-on structure attached to the tunneling machine, ensuring good linkage with the machine and forming a coordinated support mechanism. The position and posture of the support can be adjusted synchronously with the tunneling machine's advance, facilitating parallel operations of tunneling and support, improving tunneling efficiency, and meeting the dual requirements of safety and efficiency for rapid tunneling in rectangular roadways. It is also adaptable to rectangular roadways of different specifications. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the hanging support unit in this utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a top view of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Tunneling machine; 2. Hanging support unit; 3. Upper hanging support mechanism; 4. Lower hanging support mechanism; 5. Upper hydraulic prop; 6. Upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder; 7. Upper hanging slide; 8. Lower hanging slide; 9. Upper bearing plate; 10. Upper connecting beam; 11. Lower connecting beam; 12. Upper piston; 13. Upper fixed connector; 14. Upper drive hydraulic cylinder; 15. Fixed connecting sleeve; 16. Lower hydraulic prop; 17. Lower bearing plate; 18. Lower fixed connector; 19. Lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder; 20. Lower drive hydraulic cylinder; 21. Lower piston; 22. Tunneling head; 23. Upper hanging guide rail; 24. Lower hanging guide rail; 25. Upper fixed seat; 26. Lower fixed seat; 27. Upper mounting hole; 28. Lower mounting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this utility model provides a sliding track linkage hydraulic support device for tunneling machines suitable for rectangular tunnels, including a tunneling machine 1, an upper hanging guide rail 23, a lower hanging guide rail 24, an upper driving hydraulic cylinder 14, a lower driving hydraulic cylinder 20, and a hanging support unit.

[0025] The tunneling machine 1 has a pair of upper mounting rails 7 and a pair of lower mounting rails 8 respectively arranged on the upper and lower parts of the waistline on both sides in the width direction; a pair of upper mounting guide rails 23 are slidably assembled in the pair of upper mounting rails 7, and multiple upper mounting holes 27 are evenly opened in the length direction of the upper mounting guide rails 23; a pair of lower mounting guide rails 24 are slidably assembled in the pair of lower mounting rails 8, and multiple lower mounting holes 28 are evenly opened in the length direction of the lower mounting guide rails 24; multiple upper mounting holes 27 and multiple lower mounting holes 28 on the same side correspond one-to-one to form multiple sets of mounting holes;

[0026] A pair of upper drive hydraulic cylinders 14 are respectively set above a pair of upper hanging slides 7. The upper drive hydraulic cylinders 14 are arranged horizontally, and the bottom of their cylinders are fixedly connected to the tunneling machine 1 through the upper fixed seat 25. The piston rod end is fixedly connected to the front section of the upper hanging guide rail 23 through the upper connecting beam 10.

[0027] A pair of lower drive hydraulic cylinders 20 are respectively set below a pair of lower hanging slides 8. The lower drive hydraulic cylinders 20 are arranged horizontally, and the bottom of their cylinders are fixedly connected to the tunneling machine 1 through the lower fixed seat 26. The piston rod end is fixedly connected to the front section of the lower hanging guide rail 24 through the lower connecting beam 11.

[0028] Two sets of mounting support units are distributed opposite each other on both sides of the width direction of the tunneling machine 1; each set of mounting support units 2 includes multiple mounting support units 2, and the multiple mounting support units 2 correspond to multiple sets of mounting holes respectively;

[0029] The mounting support unit 2 includes a fixed connecting sleeve 15, an upper mounting support mechanism 3, and a lower mounting support mechanism 4; the fixed connecting sleeve 15 is arranged vertically;

[0030] The upper hanging support mechanism 3 is located above the fixed connecting sleeve 15, and includes an upper hydraulic support 5, an upper pressure plate 9, an upper fixed connecting member 13, and an upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder 6. The upper hydraulic support 5 is placed vertically, and the bottom of the cylinder in the upper hydraulic support 5 is fixedly inserted into the upper cavity of the fixed connecting sleeve 15. The upper pressure plate 9 is hinged to the upper end of the upper piston 12 in the upper hydraulic support 5. The upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder 6 is arranged horizontally. The upper fixed connecting member 13 is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the cylinder in the upper hydraulic support 5. The upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder 6 is arranged horizontally, and the end of its piston rod is fixedly connected to the upper fixed connecting member 13, and the bottom of its cylinder is fixedly inserted into the upper mounting hole 27. At the same time, multiple upper hanging support mechanisms 3 in multiple hanging support units 2 are evenly distributed along the length direction of the upper hanging guide rail 23.

[0031] The lower hanging support mechanism 4 is located below the fixed connecting sleeve 15, and includes a lower hydraulic support 16, a lower pressure plate 17, a lower fixed connecting member 18, and a lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder 19. The lower hydraulic support 16 is placed in an inverted vertical position, and the bottom of the cylinder in the lower hydraulic support 16 is fixedly inserted into the lower cavity of the fixed connecting sleeve 15. The lower pressure plate 17 is hinged to the lower end of the lower piston 21 in the lower hydraulic support 16. The lower fixed connecting member 18 is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the cylinder in the lower hydraulic support 16. The lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder 19 is arranged horizontally, and the end of its piston rod is fixedly connected to the lower fixed connecting member 18. The bottom of its cylinder is fixedly inserted into the lower mounting hole 28. At the same time, multiple lower hanging support mechanisms 4 in multiple hanging support units 2 are evenly distributed along the length direction of the lower hanging guide rail 24.

[0032] As a preferred option, both the upper hydraulic prop 5 and the lower hydraulic prop 16 are double telescopic single hydraulic props. This ensures versatility at different heights in rectangular roadways, while also ensuring the flexibility of the support and saving mounting space under normal conditions.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment, a hydraulic pump station is also included, which is connected to the upper drive hydraulic cylinder 14, the lower drive hydraulic cylinder 20, the upper hydraulic support 5, the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder 6, the lower hydraulic support 16, and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder 19, respectively. The hydraulic pump station facilitates the supply of high-pressure oil to the hydraulic supports, drive hydraulic cylinders, and telescopic hydraulic cylinders, thereby enabling easy changes in the vertical support state, the lateral forward and backward extension state, and the lateral telescopic state. Preferably, a pressure compensation component is installed on the oil lines connecting the hydraulic pump station to the upper hydraulic support 5 and the lower hydraulic support 16, which can adaptively adjust the working pressure according to the pressure load, with a maximum support force of up to 800kN, effectively ensuring the uniformity of the roof support force.

[0034] To ensure effective support, the upper bearing plate 9 and the upper movable column 12 are connected by a ball joint, with a rotation angle range of ≥±15° and equipped with an angle locking device. The lower bearing plate 17 and the lower movable column 21 are connected by a ball joint, with a rotation angle range of ≥±15° and equipped with an angle locking device. This allows for adaptive adjustment to uneven surfaces of the top and bottom plates via a ±15° rotation angle.

[0035] To ensure a large range of extension and retraction and improve the versatility of the system, both the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder 6 and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder 19 are double-acting multi-stage hydraulic cylinders. This allows for a larger extension and retraction range, thus enhancing versatility. Preferably, the upper and lower telescopic hydraulic cylinders are equipped with electro-hydraulic proportional valves and pressure compensation valves. Preferably, the response time of the electro-hydraulic proportional valve is ≤20ms, and the pressure control accuracy is ±0.5MPa. The pressure compensation valve can automatically adjust the working pressure according to changes in roadway height, with a maximum support force ≥800kN. This automatic adjustment of the working pressure according to roadway height meets the support strength requirements for large-section excavation in rectangular roadways.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, the upper end face of the upper pressure plate 9 is fitted with an upper gradient stiffness rubber pad, and four upper ribs arranged in a cross shape are fixedly connected around its lower end face; the lower end face of the lower pressure plate 17 is fitted with a lower gradient stiffness rubber pad, and four lower ribs arranged in a cross shape are fixedly connected around its upper end face. The arrangement of the upper and lower ribs effectively optimizes the stress distribution of the upper and lower pressure plates. Simultaneously, the gradient stiffness rubber pad dynamically adapts to top plate deformation and prevents impact. Both the upper and lower gradient stiffness rubber pads are made of variable modulus polyurethane material, with a hardness range of Shore A 60-90 and an elastic modulus of 2-10 MPa. This design allows for a high surface hardness of the gradient stiffness rubber pad layer, effectively resisting impact forces, while maintaining a low inner hardness to effectively buffer deformation. This effectively solves the problem of structural damage caused by traditional rigid connections. Combined with cross-shaped ribs, it optimizes stress distribution, increasing the stress uniformity of the bearing plate surface by approximately 70%. Furthermore, the ball joint of the bearing plate and the gradient stiffness rubber pad layer work together to dynamically conform to the top and bottom plates, further improving the support effect. This structure also effectively addresses the issue of rigid connections failing to buffer tunneling machine vibrations, preventing tunneling machine vibrations from affecting the support effect.

[0037] How to use:

[0038] 1: Before starting the tunneling operation, control the piston rods of a pair of upper drive hydraulic cylinders 14 and a pair of lower drive hydraulic cylinders 20 to retract inward synchronously, and synchronously drive a pair of upper hanging guide rails 23 and a pair of lower hanging guide rails 24 to slide to the rear of the tunneling head 22.

[0039] 2: Simultaneously control the piston rods of the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder 6 and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder 19 on the same side to extend outward until the outer end of the hook support unit 2 reaches a position close to the roadway wall and stops. Then control the upper piston 12 of the upper hydraulic support 5 to extend upward until the upper pressure plate 9 abuts against the roof. Next, control the lower piston 21 of the lower hydraulic support 16 to extend downward until the lower pressure plate 17 abuts against the bottom plate. Then, continue to supply high-pressure oil into the upper hydraulic support 5 and the lower hydraulic support 16 until the upper hydraulic support 5 and the lower hydraulic support 16 reach a stable support state. This achieves uniform and stable support of the roof behind the tunneling machine 1 and completes the initial stabilization support operation. Finally, workers carry out formal anchor bolt and cable support operation of the roadway roof in the initial stable support area.

[0040] 3: Control the tunneling head 22 to start the tunneling operation, and simultaneously complete the bottom cleaning work to create conditions for subsequent support; after the single well rod is completed and the bottom is cleaned, stop the tunneling operation; during the tunneling operation, workers simultaneously carry out reinforcement support work on the roof behind the tunneling machine 1.

[0041] 4: First, control the upper hydraulic support 5 and the lower hydraulic support 6 to retract, then control the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder 6 and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder 19 on the same side to retract synchronously. Next, control the piston rods of a pair of upper drive hydraulic cylinders 14 and a pair of lower drive hydraulic cylinders 20 to extend outward synchronously, and synchronously drive a pair of upper hanging guide rails 23 and a pair of lower hanging guide rails 24 to slide forward of the tunneling head 22 until the head reaches the facing position.

[0042] 5: Achieve rapid excavation of rectangular tunnels through cyclic operation.

[0043] In this invention, upper and lower mounting rails are slidably mounted in upper and lower mounting channels at the waistline positions on both sides of the tunneling machine, enabling them to slide relative to the length of the tunneling machine. Upper and lower drive hydraulic cylinders, mounted on the sides of the tunneling machine, are connected to the upper and lower mounting rails respectively. The extension and retraction of the upper and lower mounting rails are synchronously driven by the synchronized action of the upper and lower drive hydraulic cylinders. During extension, the upper and lower mounting rails extend towards the tunneling head; during retraction, they retract into the upper and lower mounting channels. Furthermore, multiple mounting support units are fixedly connected to the upper and lower mounting rails on the same side, and the upper and lower drive hydraulic cylinders drive the upper and lower mounting rails, enabling coordinated pushing and pulling of the support group. This facilitates the formation of a support structure in front of or behind the tunneling machine, ensuring reliable tunneling operations. The vertical installation of upper hydraulic struts on the upper mounting support mechanism facilitates the provision of vertical support force to the roof when extended. Connecting an upper bearing plate to the upper piston of the upper hydraulic strut increases the contact area between the upper piston and the roof, and also helps to evenly and widely transfer the support force to the roof, thus improving the support effect. A telescopic hydraulic cylinder, connected to the upper hydraulic strut, is installed laterally on the upper mounting support mechanism. The cylinder barrel of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper mounting guide rail via an upper mounting connecting seat. This allows the upper mounting support mechanism to move along the length of the tunneling machine during the extension and retraction of the upper mounting guide rail relative to the upper mounting slide, facilitating easy changes in the support position. Furthermore, in the non-support state, the upper hydraulic struts and upper telescopic hydraulic cylinders can be fully retracted, minimizing the occupied volume during tunneling machine movement and allowing for better follow-up with the tunneling machine. The vertical installation of a lower hydraulic prop in the lower mounting support mechanism facilitates the provision of vertical support force to the base plate when extended. A lower bearing plate is connected to the upper end of the lower piston of the lower hydraulic prop, increasing the contact area between the lower piston and the base plate. This also helps to evenly and widely transfer the support force of the lower piston to the base plate, improving the support effect. A lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder, connected to the lower hydraulic prop, is installed laterally in the lower mounting support mechanism. The cylinder barrel of the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower mounting guide rail. This allows the lower mounting support mechanism to move along the length of the tunneling machine during the extension and retraction of the lower mounting guide rail relative to the lower mounting slide, facilitating easy changes in the support position. Furthermore, in the non-supporting state, the lower hydraulic prop and lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder can be fully retracted, minimizing the occupied volume during tunneling machine movement and allowing for better follow-up with the tunneling machine.The upper and lower parts of the fixed connecting sleeve are respectively fixedly fitted onto the bottom of the upper hydraulic prop cylinder and the bottom of the lower hydraulic prop cylinder, enabling the upper and lower hydraulic props to form a vertical support unit. This allows the pressure from the roof to be transferred to the floor when the upper hydraulic prop is supporting the roof and the lower hydraulic prop is supporting the floor, ensuring reliable roof support. Simultaneously, it prevents vertical pressure from being transferred to the tunneling machine, ensuring normal tunneling and movement operations. The upper and lower hydraulic props are fixedly connected by the fixed connecting sleeve to form a vertical, large-distance support structure. The upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder is vertically connected to the upper hydraulic prop via the upper fixed connector, and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder is vertically connected to the lower hydraulic prop via the lower fixed connector. The resulting support device is a tilted T-shaped structure, effectively suitable for supporting the sides of rectangular roadways and easily connected to the tunneling machine, ensuring effective coordinated tunneling and support operations.

[0044] This system features a simple structure, timely support response, high safety factor, and strong versatility. It provides ideal support for rectangular roadways, effectively adapting to their support requirements and reducing the accident rate of sidewall spalling in right-angle areas. Furthermore, its high support efficiency significantly shortens support time, reduces reliance on manual labor, and effectively saves support materials. Moreover, the system uses a hook-on structure attached to the tunneling machine, ensuring good linkage with the machine and forming a coordinated support mechanism. The position and posture of the support can be adjusted synchronously with the tunneling machine's advance, facilitating parallel operations of tunneling and support, improving tunneling efficiency, and meeting the dual requirements of safety and efficiency for rapid tunneling in rectangular roadways. It is also adaptable to rectangular roadways of different specifications.

Claims

1. A hydraulic support device for a tunneling machine with sliding track linkage suitable for rectangular roadways, comprising a tunneling machine (1), characterized in that, It also includes an upper mounting guide rail (23), a lower mounting guide rail (24), an upper driving hydraulic cylinder (14), a lower driving hydraulic cylinder (20), and a mounting support unit; The tunneling machine (1) has a pair of upper mounting slides (7) and a pair of lower mounting slides (8) respectively on the upper and lower parts of the waistline on both sides in the width direction; a pair of upper mounting guide rails (23) are slidably assembled in a pair of upper mounting slides (7), and multiple upper mounting holes (27) are evenly opened in the length direction of the upper mounting guide rails (23); a pair of lower mounting guide rails (24) are slidably assembled in a pair of lower mounting slides (8), and multiple lower mounting holes (28) are evenly opened in the length direction of the lower mounting guide rails (24); multiple upper mounting holes (27) and multiple lower mounting holes (28) on the same side correspond one-to-one to form multiple sets of mounting holes; A pair of upper drive hydraulic cylinders (14) are respectively set above a pair of upper hanging slides (7). The upper drive hydraulic cylinders (14) are arranged horizontally, and the bottom of their cylinders are fixedly connected to the tunneling machine (1) through the upper fixed seat (25). The piston rod end is fixedly connected to the front section of the upper hanging guide rail (23) through the upper connecting beam (10). A pair of lower drive hydraulic cylinders (20) are respectively set below a pair of lower hanging slides (8). The lower drive hydraulic cylinders (20) are arranged horizontally, and the bottom of their cylinders are fixedly connected to the tunneling machine (1) through the lower fixed seat (26). The piston rod end is fixedly connected to the front section of the lower hanging guide rail (24) through the lower connecting beam (11). Two sets of mounting support units are distributed opposite each other on both sides of the width direction of the tunneling machine (1); each set of mounting support units (2) includes multiple mounting support units (2), and the multiple mounting support units (2) correspond to multiple sets of mounting holes respectively; The mounting support unit (2) includes a fixed connecting sleeve (15), an upper mounting support mechanism (3), and a lower mounting support mechanism (4); the fixed connecting sleeve (15) is arranged vertically; The upper hanging support mechanism (3) is located above the fixed connecting sleeve (15), and includes an upper hydraulic support (5), an upper pressure plate (9), an upper fixed connecting piece (13), and an upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder (6); the upper hydraulic support (5) is placed upright, and the bottom of the cylinder in the upper hydraulic support (5) is fixedly inserted into the upper cavity of the fixed connecting sleeve (15); the upper pressure plate (9) is hinged to the upper end of the upper piston (12) in the upper hydraulic support (5); the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder (6) is arranged horizontally; the upper fixed connecting piece (13) is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the cylinder in the upper hydraulic support (5); the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder (6) is arranged horizontally, and the end of its piston rod is fixedly connected to the upper fixed connecting piece (13), and the bottom of its cylinder is fixedly inserted into the upper mounting hole (27); at the same time, multiple upper hanging support mechanisms (3) in multiple hanging support units (2) are evenly distributed along the length direction of the upper hanging guide rail (23); The lower hanging support mechanism (4) is located below the fixed connecting sleeve (15), and includes a lower hydraulic support (16), a lower pressure plate (17), a lower fixed connecting piece (18), and a lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder (19). The lower hydraulic support (16) is placed in an inverted vertical position, and the bottom of the cylinder in the lower hydraulic support (16) is fixedly inserted into the lower cavity of the fixed connecting sleeve (15). The lower pressure plate (17) is hinged to the lower end of the lower piston (21) in the lower hydraulic support (16). The lower fixed connecting piece (18) is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the cylinder in the lower hydraulic support (16). The lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder (19) is arranged horizontally, and the end of its piston rod is fixedly connected to the lower fixed connecting piece (18), and the bottom of its cylinder is fixedly inserted into the lower mounting hole (28). At the same time, multiple lower hanging support mechanisms (4) in multiple hanging support units (2) are evenly distributed along the length direction of the lower hanging guide rail (24).

2. The hydraulic support device for a tunnel boring machine with sliding track linkage suitable for rectangular tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a hydraulic pump station, which is connected to the upper drive hydraulic cylinder (14), the lower drive hydraulic cylinder (20), the upper hydraulic support (5), the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder (6), the lower hydraulic support (16), and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder (19), respectively.

3. The hydraulic support device for a tunnel boring machine with sliding track linkage suitable for rectangular roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper pressure plate (9) and the upper piston (12) are connected by a ball joint, the rotation angle of the ball joint is ≥±15°, and an angle locking device is provided. The lower pressure plate (17) and the lower piston (21) are connected by a ball joint, the rotation angle of the ball joint is ≥±15°, and an angle locking device is provided.

4. A hydraulic support device for a tunnel boring machine with sliding track linkage, suitable for rectangular tunnels, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... Both the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder (6) and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder (19) are double-acting multi-stage hydraulic cylinders.

5. A hydraulic support device for a tunnel boring machine with sliding track linkage, applicable to rectangular tunnels, as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end face of the upper bearing plate (9) is fitted with an upper gradient stiffness rubber pad, and four upper ribs arranged in a cross shape are fixedly connected around its lower end face; the lower end face of the lower bearing plate (17) is fitted with a lower gradient stiffness rubber pad, and four lower ribs arranged in a cross shape are fixedly connected around its upper end face; both the upper gradient stiffness rubber pad and the lower gradient stiffness rubber pad are made of variable modulus polyurethane material, with a hardness range of Shore A60-90 and an elastic modulus of 2-10MPa.

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