Brake, hub motor assembly and vehicle
By designing a brake driven by a non-closed rotating surface and electromagnetic components, the problem of insufficient braking force of the brushless hub motor assembly when going uphill or downhill was solved, achieving a more stable and reliable braking effect and reducing the risk of slippage.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHIAPHUA COMPONENTS SHENZHEN
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-19
AI Technical Summary
The brushless hub motor assembly has insufficient braking force when going uphill or downhill, which leads to the risk of the vehicle rolling away, especially when the electronic control fails, which poses a serious safety hazard.
Design a brake including a second brake disc and a first brake disc, which are engaged or disengaged by a non-closed rotating surface and an electromagnetic component. The first brake disc is driven to move along the rotor axis by the electromagnetic component, and the rotating surface is engaged or disengaged to achieve braking.
It improves braking stability and reliability, reduces the possibility of slippage, enhances anti-slip capability, and extends the service life of brake discs.
Smart Images
Figure CN224264784U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of hub motor technology, and more specifically, to a brake, a hub motor assembly, and a vehicle. Background Technology
[0002] Automated vehicles, such as electric wheelchairs, electric pallet trucks, and intelligent robotic transport vehicles, are typically powered by hub motor assemblies. These assemblies use a hub motor connected to a gearbox to achieve high driving torque. An electromagnetic clutch is mounted on the hub motor's main shaft, using electromagnetic force to drive the armature and friction plates to achieve braking and parking functions. With advancements in motor technology, brushless hub motors have emerged, eliminating the need for a gearbox. These motors offer a compact design that reduces overall size and provides better comfort due to the absence of gearbox noise. However, hub motor assemblies without gearboxes have lower active braking torque, which can lead to insufficient braking force and vehicle rollover in the event of a sudden power loss while going uphill or downhill.
[0003] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this application, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a brake, a hub motor assembly, and a vehicle, in order to solve the technical problem in the related art where insufficient braking force in the hub motor assembly causes the vehicle to slip.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:
[0006] The first aspect of this application provides a brake for a hub motor, which includes a braking component and an electromagnetic component;
[0007] The braking assembly includes a second brake disc and a first brake disc. The second brake disc is fixedly connected to the rotor of the hub motor, and the first brake disc is mounted on the stator of the hub motor. The second brake disc has a second rotational surface, and the first brake disc has a first rotational surface. The second rotational surface mates with the first rotational surface. The generatrix of the second rotational surface is a non-closed line, and the generatrix of the first rotational surface is a non-closed line. The rotation axis of the second rotational surface, the rotation axis of the first rotational surface, and the rotation axis of the rotor of the hub motor are coaxially arranged.
[0008] The electromagnetic component is used to be mounted on the stator of the hub motor, and the electromagnetic component is used to drive the first brake disc to move axially along the rotation axis of the rotor of the hub motor, so that the second rotating surface and the first rotating surface are engaged or separated.
[0009] In one possible design, the first revolution surface forms a first boss and a first groove arranged radially along the first brake disc;
[0010] The second rotating surface forms a second boss and a second groove arranged radially along the second brake disc;
[0011] The first boss extends into the second groove, and the second boss extends into the first groove.
[0012] In one possible design, the generatrix of the first surface of revolution includes a first straight line forming a first angle with the axis of rotation of the first surface of revolution, and a second straight line forming a second angle with the axis of rotation of the first surface of revolution, wherein the first angle is an acute angle or an obtuse angle, and the second angle is an acute angle or an obtuse angle.
[0013] The generatrix of the second surface of revolution includes a third straight line forming a third angle with the axis of rotation of the second surface of revolution, and a fourth straight line forming a fourth angle with the axis of rotation of the second surface of revolution, wherein the third angle is an acute angle or an obtuse angle, and the fourth angle is an acute angle or an obtuse angle.
[0014] In one possible design, the generatrix of the first revolution surface includes a first circular arc, and the generatrix of the second revolution surface includes a second circular arc.
[0015] In one possible design, the electromagnetic assembly includes a fixed base, a coil, a first elastic element, and an armature. The fixed base is fixedly connected to the stator of the hub motor, and the armature is fixedly connected to the first brake disc. The armature is configured to move along a first direction, which is parallel to the rotation axis of the rotor of the hub motor.
[0016] The first elastic element is used to enable the armature to move in the direction of the first brake disc.
[0017] In one possible design, the electromagnetic assembly further includes a guide rod, one end of which is fixedly connected to the armature;
[0018] The mounting base includes a mounting plate with a guide hole, and the guide rod is inserted into the guide hole so that the armature can move along the first direction;
[0019] The mounting plate has opposing inner and outer surfaces, and the armature is located on the side containing the inner surface;
[0020] The other end of the guide rod has a stop portion located on the side where the outer side is located, and the stop portion is used to limit the armature to the mounting plate.
[0021] In one possible design, the brake also includes a handbrake unlocking assembly, which includes a handbrake unlocking lever having a first through hole in an arc shape, and the guide rod is also inserted into the first through hole;
[0022] The side of the handbrake unlock lever that faces away from the outer side is the first side, and the side of the handbrake unlock lever that faces the outer side is the second side.
[0023] The first side has a first arc-shaped clearance groove, and a portion of the first through hole is located at the bottom of the first clearance groove;
[0024] The first side also has a first separation surface.
[0025] When the handbrake unlock lever rotates around the rotation axis of the hub motor rotor, the stop portion can move from the first clearance groove to the first separation surface, so that the second rotational surface separates from the first rotational surface.
[0026] In one possible design, the mounting base further includes a bushing, which is fixedly connected to the mounting plate. The handbrake unlock handle is sleeved on the bushing and is axially fixed relative to the bushing.
[0027] The second side has a second clearance groove in the shape of an arc;
[0028] The second side also has a second separation surface;
[0029] The handbrake unlocking assembly further includes a second elastic element and an abutment post. The abutment post has a first end and a second end opposite to each other. The first end can abut against the handbrake unlocking handle, and the second end can abut against the armature.
[0030] When the stop portion is located in the first clearance groove and the first end is located in the second clearance groove, the electromagnetic component can enable the second rotating surface to combine or separate from the first rotating surface.
[0031] When the stop portion is located at the first separation surface and the first end is located at the second clearance groove, the second rotating surface and the first rotating surface are separated.
[0032] When the stop portion is located in the first clearance groove and the first end is located in the second separation surface, the second end abuts against the armature so that the second rotating surface and the first rotating surface are engaged.
[0033] A second aspect of this application provides a hub motor assembly, comprising: a hub motor and a brake as described in any of the above implementations, wherein a second brake disc is fixedly connected to the rotor of the hub motor, a first brake disc is mounted on the stator of the hub motor, and the electromagnetic component is mounted on the stator of the hub motor.
[0034] A third aspect of this application provides a vehicle comprising: a vehicle body and the aforementioned hub motor assembly, the hub motor assembly being mounted on the vehicle body.
[0035] The main advantages of the brake, hub motor assembly, and vehicle provided in this application are:
[0036] This application utilizes electromagnetic components to easily achieve the engagement or separation between the second and first rotating surfaces, thereby achieving the engagement or separation between the second and first brake discs to brake the hub motor, i.e., to achieve deceleration braking. Furthermore, by setting the second rotating surface on the second brake disc and the first rotating surface on the first brake disc, the two surfaces can mesh together, effectively resisting the shear force in the rotational direction during braking, improving anti-slip capability, and thus ensuring braking stability and reliability, reducing the possibility of vehicle slippage. Attached Figure Description
[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hub motor assembly provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0039] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The main view;
[0040] Figure 3 It is along Figure 2 Sectional view of line AA in the middle;
[0041] Figure 4 It is along Figure 2 Sectional view of the middle BB line;
[0042] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the hub motor assembly provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the brake provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second brake disc provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first brake disc provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0046] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of a partial structure of the first and second brake discs in an embodiment of this application;
[0047] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of another form of the second brake disc provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0048] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another form of the first brake disc provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0049] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of a partial structure of a first brake disc and a second brake disc in another embodiment of this application;
[0050] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing base in the embodiment of this application;
[0051] Figure 14 This is a structural schematic diagram of the fixing seat from another perspective in the embodiments of this application;
[0052] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the handbrake unlocking lever in an embodiment of this application;
[0053] Figure 16 This is a structural schematic diagram of the handbrake unlocking lever from another perspective in the embodiments of this application;
[0054] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the handbrake unlocking handle, fixing seat, coil and armature in the embodiment of this application when they are in cooperation;
[0055] Figure 18 This is a perspective view of the handbrake unlocking handle, fixing seat, coil and armature in the embodiment of this application when they are in contact;
[0056] Figure 19 This is another structural schematic diagram of the handbrake unlocking handle, fixing seat, coil and armature in the embodiment of this application;
[0057] Figure 20This is another perspective view of the handbrake unlocking handle, fixing seat, coil and armature in the embodiment of this application when they are in cooperation;
[0058] Figure 21 This is another structural schematic diagram of the handbrake unlocking handle, fixing seat, coil and armature in the embodiment of this application;
[0059] Figure 22 This is another perspective view of the handbrake unlocking handle, fixing seat, coil and armature in the embodiment of this application.
[0060] Explanation of key figure labels:
[0061] 100. Brake; 101. First brake disc; 102. Second brake disc; 103. First surface of revolution; 104. Second surface of revolution; 105. First boss; 106. First groove; 107. Second boss; 108. Second groove; 109. First straight line; 110. Second straight line; 111. Third straight line; 112. Fourth straight line; 113. First vertical line; 114. Second vertical line; 117. Third vertical line; 118. Fourth vertical line; 119. First arc; 120. Second arc; 121. Mounting base; 122. Coil; 123. First elastic element; 124. Armature; 125. Guide rod; 126. Mounting plate; 127. Guide hole; 128. Inner surface; 29. Outer side; 130. Stop; 131. Receiving cavity; 132. First positioning hole; 133. Handbrake unlocking handle; 134. Bushing; 135. Flange; 136. Stepped through hole; 137. First side; 138. Second side; 139. First through hole; 140. First clearance groove; 141. First separation surface; 142. Guide slope; 143. Second clearance groove; 144. Second elastic element; 145. Abutment post; 146. First end; 147. Second end; 148. Spring plunger; 149. First insertion hole; 150. Second insertion hole; 151. Third insertion hole; 152. First connecting straight line; 153. Second connecting straight line; 154. Second through hole; 155. Second separation surface.
[0062] 200. Hub motor; 201. Stator; 202. Rotor. Detailed Implementation
[0063] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.
[0064] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.
[0065] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.
[0066] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0067] To illustrate the technical solutions described in this application, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0068] In one or more embodiments, this application provides a vehicle, which may be an electric wheelchair, an electric transport vehicle, or an intelligent robotic delivery vehicle. The vehicle includes a body and a hub motor assembly mounted on the body to enable the vehicle to move. For example, the vehicle is an electric wheelchair.
[0069] In related technologies, hub motor assemblies employ a structure where the hub motor and a transmission gearbox are connected to achieve high driving torque. An electromagnetic clutch is installed on the hub motor's main shaft, using electromagnetic force to drive the armature and friction plates to rub against each other, thus achieving braking and parking functions. With the continuous advancement of motor technology, brushless hub motors have emerged, which eliminate the need for a transmission gearbox. These brushless hub motors can effectively reduce overall size through a compact design and offer better comfort due to the absence of gearbox mechanical noise. In hub motor assemblies using brushless hub motors, the braking structure is mostly a dual composite brake design, including a main brake and a manual brake as an auxiliary brake. The main brake uses the brushless hub motor driver program to short-circuit the phase lines of the stator winding coils to control active braking. In the main brake of the brushless hub motor assembly, the stator windings are short-circuited through the motor driver program, causing the motor to enter a generating state during operation, producing feedback current (dynamic braking). The kinetic energy of the motor is rapidly converted into heat energy through the low resistance of the stator windings, generating braking torque. Since braking torque is directly proportional to motor speed, high speeds result in a large short-circuit current and strong braking force, while low speeds result in weak braking force. Furthermore, for hub motor assemblies without a transmission gearbox, the active braking torque is limited, especially during uphill or downhill driving, where the braking force may be insufficient to counteract the component of gravity. In the event of a sudden power outage, the main braking system may completely lose braking force due to electronic control failure, causing the vehicle to slide backward uphill or accelerate forward downhill, posing a risk of rolling away. Moreover, for special vehicles such as wheelchairs for the disabled, the auxiliary manual brake requires considerable force and dexterity, which is inconvenient for users with limited mobility, further exacerbating safety hazards in emergency situations.
[0070] Therefore, this application provides a brake 100 and a hub motor assembly to solve the problems in the related art. The brake 100 and hub motor assembly in this application embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0071] Combination Figures 1 to 8As shown, in some embodiments, the hub motor assembly includes a hub motor 200 and a brake 100. The brake 100 is used to brake the hub motor 200, thereby realizing the braking or parking function of the vehicle. The brake 100 can also be referred to as a brake unit. The brake 100 includes a braking component and an electromagnetic component. The braking component includes a second brake disc 102 and a first brake disc 101. The second brake disc 102 is fixedly connected to the rotor 202 of the hub motor 200, and the first brake disc 101 is mounted on the stator 201 of the hub motor 200. The electromagnetic component is mounted on the stator 201 of the hub motor 200. For example, when the second brake disc 102 is engaged with the first brake disc 101, braking of the hub motor 200 can be achieved; when the second brake disc 102 is separated from the first brake disc 101, the hub motor 200 can be in a free-rotating state, allowing the vehicle to drive or coast normally.
[0072] In this embodiment, the braking assembly includes a second brake disc 102 and a first brake disc 101. The second brake disc 102 has a second rotational surface 104, and the first brake disc 101 has a first rotational surface 103. The second rotational surface 104 cooperates with the first rotational surface 103. The generatrix of the second rotational surface 104 is a non-closed line, and the generatrix of the first rotational surface 103 is a non-closed line. The rotation axis of the second rotational surface 104, the rotation axis of the first rotational surface 103, and the rotation axis of the rotor 202 of the hub motor 200 are coaxially arranged. The electromagnetic assembly is used to drive the first brake disc 101 to move axially along the rotation axis of the rotor 202 of the hub motor 200, so that the second rotational surface 104 and the first rotational surface 103 can be engaged or disengaged. In this way, the electromagnetic components can be used to easily achieve the engagement or separation between the second rotating surface 104 and the first rotating surface 103, thereby achieving the engagement or separation between the second brake disc 102 and the first brake disc 101, so as to achieve braking of the hub motor 200, that is, to achieve deceleration braking. With the second rotating surface 104 set on the second brake disc 102 and the first rotating surface 103 set on the first brake disc 101, the two can form an interlocking shape when the second rotating surface 104 and the first rotating surface 103 are connected. This can effectively resist the shear force in the rotation direction during braking, improve the anti-slip ability, and thus ensure the stability and reliability of braking, and reduce the possibility of slippage.
[0073] In some embodiments, the rotation axis of the rotor 202 of the hub motor 200 and the axis of the stator 201 of the hub motor 200 are coaxially arranged, while the second brake disc 102 and the first brake disc 101 are axially distributed along the rotation axis of the rotor 202. The second revolution surface 104 is non-planar, and the first revolution surface 103 is non-planar, so that the side of the second brake disc 102 facing the first brake disc 101 is non-planar, and the two sides of the first brake disc 101 facing the first brake disc 101 are non-planar. It can be understood that a revolution surface is a special type of surface, which is a surface generated by rotating a planar curve around a fixed straight line on its plane. The fixed straight line is called the axis of rotation, and the planar curve is called the generatrix.
[0074] Combination Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the first rotating surface 103 forms a first boss 105 and a first groove 106 arranged radially along the second brake disc 102; the second rotating surface 104 forms a second boss 107 and a second groove 108 arranged radially along the first brake disc 101; the first boss 105 extends into the second groove 108, and the second boss 107 extends into the first groove 106. This design of the boss and groove fitting together increases the surface area, which helps dissipate heat and reduces the risk of overheating. For example, when the second rotating surface 104 and the first rotating surface 103 are combined, there is a gap between the top of the first boss 105 and the bottom of the second groove 108, and a gap between the top of the second boss 107 and the bottom of the first groove 106.
[0075] Combination Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, in some embodiments, the first boss 105 is annular, the first groove 106 is annular, and the second boss 107 is annular, with the center of the annulus located on the rotation axis of the rotor 202. The number of first bosses 105 can be one or more, for example, one, two, or three; the number of first grooves 106 can be one or more, for example, one, two, or three; the number of second bosses 107 can be one or more, for example, one, two, or three; the number of second grooves 108 can be one or more, for example, one, two, or three; the number of first bosses 105 is equal to the number of second grooves 108, and the number of second bosses 107 is equal to the number of first grooves 106. For example, there are two first bosses 105 and one first groove 106. In the radial direction of the first brake disc 101, the first groove 106 is located between the two first bosses 105. There is one second boss 107 and two second grooves 108. In the radial direction of the second brake disc 102, the second boss 107 is located between the two second grooves 108.
[0076] In an axial section, the first boss 105 is trapezoidal, the first groove 106 is trapezoidal, the second boss 107 is trapezoidal, and the second groove 108 is trapezoidal. The trapezoid can be an isosceles trapezoid or a trapezoid with two unequal leg lengths. The rotation axis of the rotor 202 of the hub motor 200 is located in the axial section. In the radial direction of the first brake disc 101, the width of the bottom of the first groove 106 is smaller than the width of the opening of the first groove 106; in the radial direction of the second brake disc 102, the width of the bottom of the second groove 108 is smaller than the width of the opening of the second groove 108. Thus, the trapezoidal first boss 105 is embedded in the trapezoidal second groove 108, and because there is a gap between the top of the first boss 105 and the bottom of the second groove 108, it can be ensured that the groove wall of the second groove 108 and the surfaces on opposite sides of the first boss 105 are pressed together and in close contact, thereby effectively resisting the shear force generated during braking and improving the stability and reliability of braking. In addition, the gap provides redundancy. After a period of use, when the first brake disc 101 and the second brake disc 102 are worn to a certain extent, the top of the first boss 105 can contact the bottom of the second groove 108, thereby continuing to provide strong friction and extending the service life of the brake disc. Similarly, the trapezoidal second protrusion 107 is embedded in the trapezoidal first groove 106. Since there is a gap between the top of the second protrusion 107 and the bottom of the first groove 106, it can ensure that the groove wall of the first groove 106 and the surfaces on opposite sides of the second protrusion 107 are in close contact. This can effectively resist the shearing force generated during braking and improve the stability and reliability of braking. In addition, the gap provides redundancy. After a period of use, when the first brake disc 101 and the second brake disc 102 are worn to a certain extent, the top of the second protrusion 107 can contact the bottom of the first groove 106, thereby continuing to provide strong friction and extending the service life of the brake disc.
[0077] See Figure 9 As shown in Figure (f), in some embodiments, the generatrix of the first surface of revolution 103 includes a first straight line 109 forming a first angle c with respect to the axis of rotation of the first surface of revolution 103, and a second straight line 110 forming a second angle d with respect to the axis of rotation of the first surface of revolution 103. The first angle is acute or obtuse, and the second angle is acute or obtuse. See also Figure 9As shown in Figure (e), the generatrix of the second surface of revolution 104 includes a third straight line 111 forming a third included angle α with the axis of rotation of the second surface of revolution 104, and a fourth straight line 112 forming a fourth included angle b with the axis of rotation of the second surface of revolution 104. The third included angle is acute or obtuse, and the fourth included angle is acute or obtuse. This facilitates the meshing design between the second surface of revolution 104 and the first surface of revolution 103, effectively resisting the shear force generated during braking and improving the stability and reliability of braking. For example, the acute angle can be 45° or 60°; the obtuse angle can be 135° or 120°. The first included angle is equal to the third included angle, and the second included angle is equal to the fourth included angle. When the first included angle is acute, the second included angle is obtuse; when the first included angle is obtuse, the second included angle is acute. It can be understood that... Figure 9 The cross-sectional view of the first brake disc 101 and the second brake disc 102 shown in the figure also shows the generatrix of the first surface of revolution 103 and the generatrix of the second surface of revolution 104. Figure 9 The first brake disc 101 shown corresponds to Figure 8 The first brake disc 101 in the middle, Figure 9 The second brake disc 102 shown corresponds to Figure 7 The second brake disc 102 in the middle.
[0078] See Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the generatrix of the first surface of revolution 103 further includes a first vertical line 113 and a second vertical line 114. The first vertical line 113 and the second vertical line 114 are perpendicular to the rotation axis of the first surface of revolution 103. There are multiple first straight lines 109, multiple second straight lines 110, multiple first vertical lines 113, and one or more second vertical lines 114. The first vertical lines 113 and the second vertical lines 114 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the rotation axis of the first surface of revolution 103. The two ends of the first vertical line 113 are connected to the first straight line 109 and the second straight line 110, respectively, and the two ends of the second vertical line 114 are connected to the first straight line 109 and the second straight line 110, respectively. For example, there are two first straight lines 109, two second straight lines 110, two first vertical lines 113, and one second vertical line 114; a first straight line 109, a second vertical line 114, and a second straight line 110 generate a first groove 106 with a trapezoidal cross-section around the axis of rotation; a first straight line 109, a first vertical line 113, and a second straight line 110 generate a first boss 105 with a trapezoidal cross-section around the axis of rotation.
[0079] See Figure 9As shown, in some embodiments, the generatrix of the second surface of revolution 104 further includes a third vertical line 117 and a fourth vertical line 118. The third vertical line 117 and the fourth vertical line 118 are perpendicular to the rotation axis of the second surface of revolution 104. There are multiple third straight lines 111, multiple fourth straight lines 112, multiple third vertical lines 117, and one or more fourth vertical lines 118. The third vertical lines 117 and the fourth vertical lines 118 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the rotation axis of the second surface of revolution 104. The two ends of the third vertical line 117 are connected to the third straight line 111 and the fourth straight line 112, respectively, and the two ends of the fourth vertical line 118 are connected to the third straight line 111 and the fourth straight line 112, respectively. For example, there are two third straight lines 111, two fourth straight lines 112, two third vertical lines 117, and one fourth vertical line 118; one third straight line 111, one fourth vertical line 118, and one fourth straight line 112 generate a second boss 107 with a trapezoidal cross-section around the rotation axis; one third straight line 111, one third vertical line 117, and one fourth straight line 112 generate a second groove 108 with a trapezoidal cross-section around the rotation axis.
[0080] Combination Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, in some embodiments, the second groove 108 and the first boss 105 are arc-shaped in an axial cross-section. There are two second grooves 108, spaced apart in the radial direction of the second brake disc 102, such that the portion between the two spaced second grooves 108 forms a second boss 107. There are also two first bosses 105, spaced apart in the radial direction of the first brake disc 101, such that the portion between the two spaced first bosses 105 forms a first groove 106. This facilitates the meshing design between the second rotating surface 104 and the first rotating surface 103, effectively resisting the shear force generated during braking and improving braking stability and reliability.
[0081] In other implementations, see Figure 12 As shown in Figure (h), the generatrix of the first surface of revolution 103 includes the first circular arc 119. See also... Figure 12As shown in Figure (g), the generatrix of the second surface of revolution 104 includes a second circular arc 120. This facilitates the meshing design between the second surface of revolution 104 and the first surface of revolution 103, effectively resisting the shear force generated during braking and improving the stability and reliability of braking. For example, the generatrix of the first surface of revolution 103 also includes a first connecting line 152, and the generatrix of the second surface of revolution 104 also includes a second connecting line 153. There are two first circular arcs 119, one first connecting line 152, two second circular arcs 120, and one second connecting line 153. The two ends of the first connecting line 152 are connected to two first circular arcs, and the two ends of the second connecting line 153 are connected to two second circular arcs. The first arc 119 generates a first boss 105 with an arc-shaped cross-section around the axis of rotation; the second arc 120 generates a second groove 108 with an arc-shaped cross-section around the axis of rotation; the radius of the circle corresponding to the first arc 119 is equal to the radius of the circle corresponding to the second arc 120, which facilitates the correspondence between the first boss 105 and the second groove 108. It is understandable that... Figure 12 The cross-sectional view of the first brake disc 101 and the second brake disc 102 shown in the figure also shows the generatrix of the first surface of revolution 103 and the generatrix of the second surface of revolution 104. Figure 12 The first brake disc 101 shown corresponds to Figure 11 The first brake disc 101 in the middle, Figure 12 The second brake disc 102 shown corresponds to Figure 10 The second brake disc 102 in the middle.
[0082] Combination Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, for ease of description, the first direction in this embodiment is the XX direction. In some embodiments, the electromagnetic component includes a fixed base 121, a coil 122, a first elastic element 123, and an armature 124. The fixed base 121 is fixedly connected to the stator 201 of the hub motor 200, and the armature 124 is fixedly connected to the first brake disc 101. The armature 124 is configured to move along a first direction, which is parallel to the rotation axis of the rotor 202 of the hub motor 200. The first elastic element 123 is disposed between the fixed base 121 and the armature 124, and the first elastic element 123 is used to enable the armature 124 to move in the direction of the first brake disc 101. When the coil 122 is energized, the coil 122 is attracted to the armature 124, and the armature 124 drives the first brake disc 101 to move together in the direction of the coil 122, thereby separating the second brake disc 102 from the first brake disc 101. When the coil 122 is de-energized, the coil 122 separates from the connecting phase, and the first brake disc 101 moves in the direction of the second brake disc 102 under the action of the first elastic element 123, thereby making the second rotating surface 104 contact the first rotating surface 103, thus achieving braking.
[0083] For example, the stator 201 of the hub motor 200 is a shaft structure, and the fixing seat 121 is sleeved on the shaft structure and connected by a key to achieve fixation between the two. The armature 124 is disc-shaped, and the armature 124 and the first brake disc 101 can be fixedly connected by screws; the armature 124 and the first brake disc 101 are loosely sleeved on the shaft structure; the first elastic element 123 can be a spring, one end of the first elastic element 123 abuts against the armature 124, and the other end of the first elastic element 123 abuts against the fixing seat 121.
[0084] Combination Figure 5 , Figure 13 and Figure 14As shown, in some embodiments, the electromagnetic assembly further includes a guide rod 125, one end of which is fixedly connected to the armature 124; the mounting base 121 includes a mounting plate 126, which has a guide hole 127, and the guide rod 125 is inserted into the guide hole 127 so that the armature 124 can move along a first direction; the mounting plate 126 has opposing inner surfaces 128 and outer surfaces 129, and the armature 124 is located on the side of the inner surface 128; the other end of the guide rod 125 has a stop portion 130, which is located on the side of the outer surface 129, and the stop portion 130 is used to limit the armature 124 to the mounting plate 126; the guide rod 125 can limit the armature 124 to the mounting plate 126 so that the armature 124 can only move along the first direction and cannot rotate around the axis of the stator 201, that is, the guide rod 125 realizes the circumferential fixation of the armature 124. For example, the inner surface 128 of the mounting plate 126 has a receiving cavity 131, in which the coil 122 is installed; the inner surface also has a plurality of first positioning holes 132, which are spaced apart on a circle. Part of the structure of the first elastic member 123 is inserted into the first positioning hole 132, thus the first elastic member 123 can be installed using the first positioning hole 132. The number of first positioning holes 132 can be 4 to 10, such as 4, 8 or 10, and the number of first elastic members 123 is equal to the number of first positioning holes 132. One end of the guide rod 125 is threadedly connected to the mounting plate 126; there are multiple guide rods 125 and multiple guide holes 127, the number of guide holes 127 is equal to the number of guide rods 125, and the number of guide rods 125 can be 3 to 8, such as 3, 4, 6 or 8. The diameter of the stop portion 130 is larger than the diameter of the guide hole 127. Thus, when the guide rod 125 is threadedly connected to the armature 124, the armature 124 cannot be dislodged from the mounting plate 126 under the restriction of the stop portion 130.
[0085] In some embodiments, the brake 100 further includes a handbrake unlocking component, which has three operating states: an electromagnetic control state, an unlocked state, and a handbrake state.
[0086] When in electromagnetic control mode, the electromagnetic components work normally; when coil 122 is energized, unlocking control is achieved, and the first brake disc 101 and the second brake disc 102 are separated; when coil 122 is de-energized, braking control is achieved, and the first brake disc 101 and the second brake disc 102 are engaged.
[0087] When in the unlocked state, the first brake disc 101 and the second brake disc 102 are separated, and the hub motor 200 can rotate freely, allowing the vehicle to drive or coast normally; when in the unlocked state, the de-energization of the coil 122 cannot cause the first brake disc 101 and the second brake disc 102 to engage.
[0088] When the handbrake is engaged: When the coil 122 is de-energized or energized, the first brake disc 101 and the second brake disc 102 engage to achieve braking. The hub motor 200 is in a braking state, and the vehicle cannot move. That is, in this state, the coil 122 is in a malfunctioning state whether it is de-energized or energized. The electromagnetic components alone cannot achieve the engagement or disengagement between the first brake disc 101 and the second brake disc 102.
[0089] Combination Figure 5 , Figures 13 to 16 As shown, in some embodiments, the handbrake unlocking assembly includes a handbrake unlocking handle 133, and the fixing base 121 further includes a bushing 134. The bushing 134 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 126, and the handbrake unlocking handle 133 is sleeved on the bushing 134, and the handbrake unlocking handle 133 is axially fixed relative to the bushing 134. Exemplarily, the mounting plate 126 and the bushing 134 can be processed into an integral structure using a one-piece molding process, or they can be separate structural components, fixedly connected by threads or keys. The handbrake unlocking handle 133 has a stepped through hole 136. The brake 100 also includes a flange 135, which is sleeved on the bushing 134 and installed in the stepped through hole 136. The flange 135 and the mounting plate 126 are fixedly connected by screws. This allows the handbrake unlocking handle 133 to rotate around the axis of the stator 201. However, under the limiting action of the mounting plate 126 and the flange 135, the handbrake unlocking handle 133 is axially fixed, that is, the handbrake unlocking handle 133 cannot move in the first direction.
[0090] Combination Figure 5 , Figures 13 to 16As shown, in some embodiments, the side of the handbrake unlocking handle 133 facing away from the outer side 129 is the first side 137, and the side of the handbrake unlocking handle 133 facing the outer side 129 is the second side 138. The second side 138 of the handbrake unlocking handle 133 is disposed opposite to the outer side 129 of the mounting plate 126. The handbrake unlocking handle 133 has an arc-shaped first through hole 139, and the guide rod 125 is also inserted into the first through hole 139. The first side 137 has an arc-shaped first clearance groove 140, and a portion of the first through hole 139 is located at the bottom of the first clearance groove 140. The side 138 has a first separation surface 141. In the first direction, there is a height difference between the first separation surface 141 and the bottom of the first clearance groove 140. When the handbrake unlocking handle 133 rotates around the rotation axis of the rotor 202 of the hub motor 200, the stop part 130 can move from the first clearance groove 140 to the first separation surface 141, so that the second rotating surface 104 and the first rotating surface 103 are separated, thereby realizing the manual release of the brake by using the handbrake unlocking handle 133. In this way, the hub motor 200 can be in a free rotation state, allowing the vehicle to drive or coast normally.
[0091] For example, the number of first through holes 139 is equal to the number of guide rods 125, and the number of first through holes 139 is equal to the number of first clearance grooves 140. The rotation axis of the rotor 202 is coaxially arranged with the axis of the stator 201; the arc-shaped first through holes 139 and the arc-shaped first clearance grooves 140 are on the same circle, so that when the handbrake unlocking handle 133 rotates around the axis of the stator 201, the stop part 130 moves relative to the first through hole 139 and can move out of the first clearance groove 140, thereby moving to the first separation surface 141. In order to enable the stop part 130 to move from the first clearance groove 140 to the first separation surface 141, a portion of the groove wall of the first clearance groove 140 can be inclined to form a guide slope 142, which allows the stop part 130 to move out of the first clearance groove 140. The first separation surface 141 is a part of the first side surface 137.
[0092] Combination Figure 5 , Figures 13 to 16 As shown, in some embodiments, the second side 138 of the handbrake unlocking handle 133 has an arc-shaped second clearance groove 143; the handbrake unlocking assembly also includes a second elastic member 144 and an abutment post 145, the abutment post 145 having a first end 146 and a second end 147 opposite to each other, the first end 146 being able to abut against the handbrake unlocking handle 133, and the second end 147 being able to abut against the armature 124.
[0093] Combination Figure 17 and Figure 18As shown, when the stop portion 130 is located in the first clearance groove 140 and the first end 146 is located in the second clearance groove 143, the handbrake unlocking component is in an electromagnetic control state, and the electromagnetic component can enable the second rotating surface 104 and the first rotating surface 103 to be combined or separated.
[0094] Combination Figure 19 and Figure 20 As shown, when the stop portion 130 is located at the first separation surface 141 and the first end 146 is located at the second clearance groove 143, the handbrake release assembly is in the unlocked state, and the second rotating surface 104 is separated from the first rotating surface 103.
[0095] Combination Figure 21 and Figure 22 As shown, when the stop portion 130 is located in the first relief groove 140 and the first end 146 is located in the second separation surface 155, the handbrake release assembly is in the handbrake state, and the second end 147 of the abutment post 145 abuts against the armature 124, so that the second rotating surface 104 and the first rotating surface 103 are forcibly engaged.
[0096] For example, a portion of the wall of the second clearance groove 143 may be inclined to form a guide slope 142, which facilitates the removal of the abutment post 145 from the second clearance groove 143. The second side surface 138 has a second separation surface 155, which has a height difference with the bottom of the second clearance groove 143 in a first direction. When the abutment post 145 is removed from the second clearance groove 143, it moves to the second separation surface 155; the second separation surface 155 is a part of the second side surface 138. The orthographic projection of the first clearance groove 140 in the first projection plane and the orthographic projection of the second clearance groove 143 in the first projection plane are separated, i.e., there is no overlap, which facilitates the handbrake unlocking assembly to have three usage states; the first projection plane is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotor 202. The number of second clearance grooves 143 can be 3, 4, or 5, and the number of second clearance grooves 143 is the same as the number of abutment posts 145.
[0097] It should be noted that by utilizing the cooperation between the abutment post 145 and the second elastic element 144, it can also be ensured that the handbrake unlocking handle 133 can remain relatively fixed relative to the fixed seat 121. That is, when the hand does not rotate the handbrake unlocking handle 133, the handbrake unlocking handle 133 itself is not likely to rotate relative to the fixed seat 121 around the axis of the stator 201.
[0098] Combination Figure 5 , Figures 13 to 16As shown, in some embodiments, the fixing base 121 has a second through hole 154, which is a stepped hole. The larger diameter portion of the stepped hole is close to the handbrake unlock handle 133, and the smaller diameter portion is away from the handbrake unlock handle 133. The abutment post 145 includes a first sub-post and a second sub-post fixedly connected to the first sub-post. The diameter of the first sub-post is larger than the diameter of the second sub-post. The first sub-post is located in the larger diameter portion of the stepped hole, and a portion of the structure of the second sub-post is located in the smaller diameter portion of the stepped hole. The shoulder formed between the first and second sub-posts abuts against one end of the second elastic member 144, and the bottom of the larger diameter portion of the stepped hole abuts against the other end of the second elastic member 144. Thus, the abutment post 145 can move axially along the second through hole 154, and the axial direction of the second through hole 154 is parallel to the first direction. The second elastic member 144 can be a spring, which is sleeved on the second sub-post. The number of second through holes 154 is the same as the number of abutment posts 145. The first end 146 is located on the first sub-post, and the second end 147 is located on the second sub-post. The second through hole 154 can be formed on the mounting plate 126. When the first end 146 extends into the second clearance groove 143, the second end 147 can separate from the armature 124, at which time the electromagnetic component can work normally; when the first end 146 abuts against the second separation surface 155, the second end 147 abuts against the armature 124, thereby forcibly engaging the second rotating surface 104 with the first rotating surface 103.
[0099] Combination Figure 5 , Figures 13 to 16 As shown, in some embodiments, a spring plunger 148 may also be installed on the fixed base 121, and the handbrake unlocking handle 133 is provided with multiple insertion holes. The plunger head of the spring plunger 148 can extend into the insertion hole to ensure that the handbrake unlocking handle 133 can remain relatively fixed relative to the fixed base 121. That is, when the hand does not rotate the handbrake unlocking handle 133, the handbrake unlocking handle 133 itself is not likely to rotate relative to the fixed base 121 around the axis of the stator 201. It can also realize the identification of three usage states of the handbrake unlocking component, and the three usage states of the handbrake unlocking component can be determined by the angle of rotation of the handbrake unlocking handle 133 relative to the fixed base 121. For example, the insertion hole is located on the second side 138 of the handbrake unlock lever 133. The insertion hole can be a blind hole or a through hole. The spring plunger 148 is mounted on the outer side 129 of the mounting plate 126. There are three insertion holes, which are located on the same circle and spaced apart. By rotating the handbrake unlock lever 133, the handbrake unlocking assembly can be in different usage states. In different usage states, the plunger head of the spring plunger 148 extends into different insertion holes. For example, the three insertion holes are, in sequence, the first insertion hole 149, the second insertion hole 150, and the third insertion hole 151, with the second insertion hole 150 located between the first insertion hole 149 and the third insertion hole 151.
[0100] Combination Figure 17 and Figure 18 As shown, when the handbrake unlocking lever 133 is rotated so that the plunger head of the spring plunger 148 extends into the second insertion hole 150, the handbrake unlocking assembly is in electromagnetic control mode.
[0101] Combination Figure 19 and Figure 20 As shown, when the handbrake unlocking lever 133 is rotated so that the plunger head of the spring plunger 148 extends into the third insertion hole 151, the handbrake unlocking assembly is in the unlocked state.
[0102] Combination Figure 21 and Figure 22 As shown, when the handbrake unlocking lever 133 is rotated so that the plunger head of the spring plunger 148 extends into the first insertion hole 149, the handbrake unlocking assembly is in the handbrake state.
[0103] In some embodiments, both the second brake disc 102 and the first brake disc 101 can be brake pads. The second brake disc 102 can be a non-metallic material, and the first brake disc 101 can be a non-metallic material, such as rubber, polyurethane, or nylon.
[0104] The working principle of the hub motor assembly in this application is as follows:
[0105] When the hub motor 200 is energized and rotates, the coil 122 of the electromagnetic component is also energized. Conversely, when the hub motor 200 is de-energized and stops working, the coil 122 of the electromagnetic component also stops working. When the coil 122 of the electromagnetic component is de-energized, the elastic force of the first elastic element 123 pushes against the armature 124, causing the first brake disc 101 and the second brake disc 102 to make close contact and friction, thus achieving active braking. When the coil 122 of the electromagnetic component is de-energized, and manual brake release is required, the handbrake unlocking handle 133 can be turned to use the stop part 130 to pull the armature 124 away from the second brake disc 102, thereby achieving manual separation between the first brake disc 101 and the second brake disc 102, and thus releasing the brake. When the coil 122 of the electromagnetic component is energized, its coil 122 generates magnetic force to attract the armature 124, causing the first elastic element 123 to be compressed, thereby separating the first brake disc 101 and the second brake disc 102, and thus releasing the brake.
[0106] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A brake for a hub motor, characterized in that, include: A braking assembly includes a first brake disc and a second brake disc. The second brake disc is fixedly connected to the rotor of the hub motor, and the first brake disc is mounted on the stator of the hub motor. The second brake disc has a second rotational surface, and the first brake disc has a first rotational surface. The second rotational surface mates with the first rotational surface. The generatrix of the second rotational surface is a non-closed line, and the generatrix of the first rotational surface is a non-closed line. The rotation axis of the second rotational surface, the rotation axis of the first rotational surface, and the rotation axis of the rotor of the hub motor are coaxially arranged. An electromagnetic component is used to be mounted on the stator of the hub motor. The electromagnetic component is used to drive the first brake disc to move axially along the rotation axis of the rotor of the hub motor, so that the second rotational surface and the first rotational surface are engaged or separated.
2. The brake as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The first rotating surface forms a first boss and a first groove arranged radially along the first brake disc; The second rotating surface forms a second boss and a second groove arranged radially along the second brake disc; The first boss extends into the second groove, and the second boss extends into the first groove.
3. The brake as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The generatrix of the first surface of revolution includes a first straight line forming a first angle with the axis of rotation of the first surface of revolution, and a second straight line forming a second angle with the axis of rotation of the first surface of revolution. The first angle is an acute angle or an obtuse angle, and the second angle is an acute angle or an obtuse angle. The generatrix of the second surface of revolution includes a third straight line forming a third angle with the axis of rotation of the second surface of revolution, and a fourth straight line forming a fourth angle with the axis of rotation of the second surface of revolution, wherein the third angle is an acute angle or an obtuse angle, and the fourth angle is an acute angle or an obtuse angle.
4. The brake as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The generatrix of the first surface of revolution includes a first circular arc, and the generatrix of the second surface of revolution includes a second circular arc.
5. The brake as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The electromagnetic component includes a fixed base, a coil, a first elastic element, and an armature. The fixed base is fixedly connected to the stator of the hub motor, and the armature is fixedly connected to the first brake disc. The armature is configured to move along a first direction, which is parallel to the rotation axis of the rotor of the hub motor. The first elastic element is used to enable the armature to move in the direction of the first brake disc.
6. The brake as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, The electromagnetic component also includes a guide rod, one end of which is fixedly connected to the armature. The mounting base includes a mounting plate with a guide hole, and the guide rod is inserted into the guide hole so that the armature can move along the first direction; The mounting plate has opposing inner and outer surfaces, and the armature is located on the side containing the inner surface; The other end of the guide rod has a stop portion located on the side where the outer side is located, and the stop portion is used to limit the armature to the mounting plate.
7. The brake as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a handbrake unlocking assembly, which includes a handbrake unlocking handle having a first through hole in the shape of an arc, and the guide rod is also inserted into the first through hole; The side of the handbrake unlock lever that faces away from the outer side is the first side, and the side of the handbrake unlock lever that faces the outer side is the second side. The first side has a first arc-shaped clearance groove, and a portion of the first through hole is located at the bottom of the first clearance groove; The first side also has a first separation surface. When the handbrake unlock lever rotates around the rotation axis of the hub motor rotor, the stop portion can move from the first clearance groove to the first separation surface, so that the second rotational surface separates from the first rotational surface.
8. The brake as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, The fixed base also includes a bushing, which is fixedly connected to the mounting plate. The handbrake unlock handle is sleeved on the bushing and is axially fixed relative to the bushing. The second side has a second clearance groove in the shape of an arc; The second side also has a second separation surface; The handbrake unlocking assembly further includes a second elastic element and an abutment post. The abutment post has a first end and a second end opposite to each other. The first end can abut against the handbrake unlocking handle, and the second end can abut against the armature. When the stop portion is located in the first clearance groove and the first end is located in the second clearance groove, the electromagnetic component can enable the second rotating surface to combine or separate from the first rotating surface. When the stop portion is located at the first separation surface and the first end is located at the second clearance groove, the second rotating surface and the first rotating surface are separated. When the stop portion is located in the first clearance groove and the first end is located in the second separation surface, the second end abuts against the armature so that the second rotating surface and the first rotating surface are engaged.
9. A hub motor assembly, characterized in that, include: The hub motor and the brake as described in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the second brake disc is fixedly connected to the rotor of the hub motor, the first brake disc is mounted on the stator of the hub motor, and the electromagnetic component is mounted on the stator of the hub motor.
10. A vehicle, characterized in that, include: The vehicle body is the hub motor assembly as described in claim 9, and the hub motor assembly is mounted on the vehicle body.