A slow filtration water purification device based on biofilm attached to activated carbon

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of water purification technology, and more particularly to a slow filtration water purification device based on a biofilm attached to activated carbon. It includes a first shell and a second shell, connected by a connecting pipe. The first shell contains an activated carbon-coated felt anode layer and an activated carbon-coated felt cathode layer. Both the first and second shells contain a quartz sand-modified activated carbon layer. A ring-shaped water distributor is positioned above the quartz sand-modified activated carbon layer, and a lower pad layer is positioned below it. An ultraviolet lamp is also installed inside the second shell. This utility model, by attaching a biofilm to the surface of activated carbon, utilizes the metabolic and biodegradation capabilities of microorganisms. Simultaneously, it combines the treated water flow with the activated carbon, and through the synergistic effect of the biofilm and adsorption, improves the removal rate of harmful substances in the water, enhances the removal capacity for various pollutants, and improves water purification efficiency and quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water purification technology, specifically a slow filtration water purification device based on a biofilm attached to activated carbon. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of industrialization and urbanization, water pollution has become increasingly serious, with pollution sources becoming more diverse and complex. Especially in large cities and industrial parks, water bodies contain a wide variety of pollutants, including heavy metals, organic pollutants, bacteria, and viruses. These pollutants not only affect water quality but also pose serious threats to the ecological environment and human health. To effectively address this challenge, various water purification technologies have emerged. However, while existing purification devices have solved water pollution problems to some extent, they still have many shortcomings.

[0003] Traditional water treatment technologies, such as sedimentation, filtration, and chemical treatment, are often effective against specific types of pollutants but less effective for complex water conditions. For example, while sedimentation can remove suspended particulate matter, its effectiveness against dissolved pollutants such as heavy metals or organic matter is limited. Chemical treatment, while removing some harmful substances, is costly due to the large amounts of chemicals required and can potentially cause secondary pollution. Furthermore, these traditional technologies are poorly adaptable to fluctuations in water quality and cannot effectively respond to sudden pollution events.

[0004] In recent years, biological treatment has been widely used in the field of water treatment. Biological treatment degrades pollutants through microorganisms, has good environmental protection characteristics, and also has advantages such as stable operation and low operating costs.

[0005] Activated carbon, as a classic adsorbent material, is widely used in water treatment. It exhibits excellent decontamination effects by adsorbing pollutants such as organic matter, odors, and heavy metals from water. However, the use of activated carbon also has some drawbacks, mainly including its limited adsorption capacity, short lifespan, and susceptibility to adsorption saturation during treatment, requiring frequent replacement and increasing operating costs. Furthermore, the adsorption effect of activated carbon is quite sensitive to changes in water quality, and its treatment effectiveness is easily affected by the type and concentration of pollutants in the water. Currently, no solutions have been proposed to address these technical issues. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the problems in related technologies, this invention proposes a slow filtration water purification device based on a biofilm attached to activated carbon. This overcomes the aforementioned technical issues in existing technologies. The purpose of this invention is to further improve water treatment efficiency by attaching a biofilm to the surface of activated carbon, leveraging the metabolic and biodegradation capabilities of microorganisms. Combining microorganisms with activated carbon allows them to grow on the activated carbon surface and degrade organic pollutants and remove harmful substances from the water. This not only improves the overall water treatment effect but also reduces dependence on chemical agents and minimizes secondary pollution. Furthermore, by combining the treated water flow with activated carbon, the synergistic effect of the biofilm and adsorption enhances the removal rate of harmful substances in the water. This device not only boasts high purification efficiency but also effectively addresses water quality fluctuations and complex pollutants. It achieves an effective combination of biofilm-attached activated carbon and three-dimensional particle electrode-enhanced slow filtration technology, strengthening the removal capacity for various pollutants and improving water purification efficiency and quality.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a slow filtration water purification device based on biofilm attached to activated carbon, comprising a shell 1 and a shell 2. One end of the shell 1 is connected to an inlet pipe, and the bottom of the shell 2 is connected to an outlet pipe. The shell 1 and the shell 2 are connected by a connecting pipe. The interior of the shell 1 is provided with an activated carbon-coated felt anode layer and an activated carbon-coated felt cathode layer. The interiors of both the shell 1 and the shell 2 are provided with a quartz sand-modified activated carbon layer. An annular water distributor is provided above the quartz sand-modified activated carbon layer, and a lower pad layer is provided below the quartz sand-modified activated carbon layer. The interiors of both the shell 1 and the shell 2 are provided with a dissolved oxygen sensor, a COD sensor, and a pH sensor. The interior of the shell 2 is also equipped with an ultraviolet lamp.

[0008] Preferably, both the bottom center of the first shell and the second shell are connected to a vent pipe, and a valve is provided on the vent pipe.

[0009] Preferably, both the activated carbon bag carbon felt anode layer and the activated carbon bag carbon felt cathode layer are connected to wires, one end of which penetrates through the housing and extends to the outside of the housing, and the other end is connected to a power source.

[0010] Preferably, a controller is installed on the outer wall of the second housing, and the dissolved oxygen sensor, COD sensor and pH sensor are respectively connected to the controller.

[0011] Preferably, the underlying layer is filled with gravel.

[0012] Preferably, both the activated carbon-coated carbon felt anode layer and the activated carbon-coated carbon felt cathode layer are composed of activated carbon and carbon felt, and the other end of the wire is connected to the carbon felt.

[0013] Preferably, both the first and second housings are made of corrosion-resistant PVC or stainless steel, the height-to-diameter ratio of the first and second housings is 2:1-3:1, and the bottom end of the first and second housings is tapered.

[0014] Preferably, the outlet diameter of the annular water distributor is 2-5 mm, the hole spacing of the annular water distributor is 3-5 times the hole diameter, and the ratio of the diameter of the annular water distributor to the inner diameter of the housing is 1:1.2-1.5.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0016] (1) This utility model is a slow filtration water purification device based on biofilm attached to activated carbon, which realizes the synergistic effect of adsorption and biodegradation. Activated carbon adsorbs organic pollutants first, reducing the impact load of raw water entering the biofilm zone, while the biofilm can efficiently degrade the adsorbed and enriched substrate, thereby significantly improving the overall treatment efficiency, shortening the start-up cycle, reducing the land area and investment costs, and the modular design makes the size small, the process flow simplified, and the land area and civil construction cost significantly reduced.

[0017] (2) This utility model is a slow filtration water purification device based on biofilm attached to activated carbon. The adsorption and biofilm functions buffer each other, making it highly adaptable to water quality load fluctuations. The online regeneration technology of activated carbon reduces operating costs and the risk of secondary pollution. It can be used for urban domestic sewage, industrial organic wastewater, aquaculture wastewater and emergency water purification. The device scale and bacterial composition can be flexibly adjusted according to the water volume and pollutant type.

[0018] (3) This utility model is a slow filtration water purification device based on biofilm attached to activated carbon. By combining biofilm attached activated carbon with three-dimensional particle electrodes, the synergistic effect of physical adsorption, biodegradation and electrochemical oxidation is realized. It has a high efficiency removal capacity for various pollutants such as organic matter, ammonia nitrogen and heavy metals, and significantly improves the water purification effect. By setting activated carbon-coated carbon felt anode layer and activated carbon-coated carbon felt cathode layer, the generated electric field promotes the activity of microorganisms, accelerates the metabolism of biofilm, improves biodegradation efficiency and shortens the water purification cycle. By setting controller, dissolved oxygen sensor, COD sensor and pH sensor, real-time monitoring and intelligent control of the reaction process are realized. The operating parameters can be automatically adjusted according to different water qualities to ensure stable and efficient operation of the device and reduce manual operation costs. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a side view sectional diagram of the present invention. Attached image description:

[0022] 1. Shell 1; 2. Shell 2; 3. Inlet pipe; 4. Outlet pipe; 5. Connecting pipe; 6. Activated carbon bag carbon felt anode layer; 7. Activated carbon bag carbon felt cathode layer; 8. Quartz sand mixed modified activated carbon layer; 9. Annular water distributor; 10. Subbase layer; 11. Dissolved oxygen sensor; 12. COD sensor; 13. pH sensor; 14. Vent pipe; 15. Wire; 16. Power supply; 17. Controller; 18. Ultraviolet lamp. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] Example

[0025] Please see Figure 1-2This invention proposes a technical solution for a slow-filtration water purification device based on a biofilm attached to activated carbon: The device includes a shell 1 and a shell 2, both cylindrical in shape. One end of shell 1 is connected to an inlet pipe 3, through which the water to be filtered enters. The bottom of shell 2 is connected to an outlet pipe 4, through which the filtered water is discharged. Shell 1 and shell 2 are connected by a connecting pipe 5, through which water from shell 1 enters shell 2. Inside shell 1, there is an activated carbon-coated anode layer 6 and an activated carbon-coated cathode layer 7. When energized, these layers form an electric field, which promotes microbial metabolism and accelerates the separation of pollutants. Simultaneously, under the action of the electric field, the migration speed of ions in the water is accelerated, which helps to separate and remove pollutants. Insulating particles ensure the stability and safety of the electrode structure, while catalytic particles further enhance the catalytic degradation effect on recalcitrant pollutants. Both shell 1 and shell 2 are equipped with a quartz sand-modified activated carbon layer 8. Specifically, the surface of the activated carbon in the quartz sand-modified activated carbon layer 8 has a biological filter membrane (which is existing technology). The quartz sand-modified activated carbon layer 8 can be installed on shell 1 through a frame. The quartz sand-modified activated carbon layer 8 is composed of a mixture of quartz sand and activated carbon and is used for water treatment. By mixing quartz sand and modified activated carbon, it exerts its physical adsorption and chemical reaction functions. The quartz sand-modified activated carbon layer 8 includes quartz sand, activated carbon, and modifier. Quartz sand is obtained by screening and processing natural silicate minerals and has a large specific surface area and stable chemical properties.In the mixed material, it mainly plays a role in physical filtration and enhancing the stability of the layer structure; activated carbon: obtained by high-temperature treatment of carbon-rich organic materials (such as wood, coal, coconut shells, etc.), it has a very high specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity. Activated carbon can adsorb harmful substances, gases or other pollutants in water; modifiers: to enhance the adsorption performance of activated carbon or to give it specific functions (such as adsorbing heavy metal ions, removing specific pollutants, etc.), modifiers may be used to treat activated carbon. Common modification methods include physical modification and chemical modification. A carbon-sand volume ratio of 1:1 and uniformly mixed filter media was selected as the three-dimensional electrical filter. The filter layer uses activated carbon as the three-dimensional electrode in the three-dimensional electrode filter layer. A ring water distributor 9 is installed above the quartz sand-modified activated carbon layer 8, which distributes water evenly onto the activated carbon-coated felt anode layer 6. A lower pad layer 10 is installed below the quartz sand-modified activated carbon layer 8. Dissolved oxygen sensor 11, COD sensor 12, and pH sensor 13 are installed inside both shell 1 and shell 2. Specifically, the dissolved oxygen sensor 11 is installed below the filter layer surface in the quartz sand-modified activated carbon layer 8. An ultraviolet lamp 18 is also installed inside shell 2, which can disinfect the water.

[0026] Please see Figure 1-2 As shown, furthermore, both the bottom center of housing 1 and housing 2 are connected to a vent pipe 14, and a valve is installed on the vent pipe 14.

[0027] In this embodiment,

[0028] Please see Figure 2 As shown, furthermore, both the activated carbon felt anode layer 6 and the activated carbon felt cathode layer 7 are connected to wires 15. One end of the wire 15 passes through the housing 1 and extends to the outside of the housing 1, and the other end is connected to a power source 16.

[0029] In this embodiment, the wire 15 on the activated carbon felt anode layer 6 is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply 16, and the wire 15 on the activated carbon felt cathode layer 7 is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply 16. The power supply 16 is a solar cell (including but not limited to a solar cell).

[0030] Please see Figure 1-2 As shown, a controller 17 is further installed on the outer wall of the housing 2, and the dissolved oxygen sensor 11, COD sensor 12 and pH sensor 13 are respectively connected to the controller 17.

[0031] In this embodiment, the controller 17 has a built-in fuzzy PID control algorithm, which can dynamically adjust the electrode voltage (0.5-3V) according to sensor data.

[0032] Furthermore, the underlying layer 10 is filled with gravel.

[0033] Furthermore, both the activated carbon-coated carbon felt anode layer 6 and the activated carbon-coated carbon felt cathode layer 7 are composed of activated carbon and carbon felt, and the other end of the wire 15 is connected to the carbon felt.

[0034] Furthermore, both shell 1 and shell 2 are made of corrosion-resistant PVC or stainless steel. The height-to-diameter ratio of shell 1 and shell 2 is 2:1-3:1, and the bottom end of shell 1 and shell 2 is tapered.

[0035] In this embodiment, the service life of shell 1 and shell 2 is extended, and the bottom has a conical structure to facilitate mud discharge.

[0036] Furthermore, the outlet diameter of the annular water distributor 9 is 2-5mm, the hole spacing of the annular water distributor 9 is 3-5 times the hole diameter, and the ratio of the diameter of the annular water distributor 9 to the inner diameter of the shell 1 is 1:1.2-1.5.

[0037] The working principle of this utility model:

[0038] Securely install housing 1 and housing 2 in the appropriate positions. Connect the inlet pipe 3 to the pipeline for transporting the water to be treated. Connect the outlet pipe 4 to the pipeline for subsequent water purification processes. Connect the positive and negative terminals of the power supply 16 to the activated carbon bag carbon felt anode layer 6 and the activated carbon bag carbon felt cathode layer 7 respectively through wires 15, ensuring that the wiring is secure and well insulated.

[0039] Water requiring filtration enters the interior of shell 1 through inlet pipe 3. The annular water distributor 9 inside shell 1 evenly distributes the water onto the activated carbon felt anode layer 6. The water then passes sequentially through the activated carbon felt anode layer 6, the quartz sand modified activated carbon layer 8, the activated carbon felt cathode layer 7, and the lower cushion layer 10 within shell 1. Under the influence of the electric field, some pollutants begin to decompose and separate. The activated carbon adsorbs pollutants, and microorganisms on the biofilm further degrade organic matter. The water then enters the interior of shell 2 through connecting pipe 5. The annular water distributor 9 inside shell 2 evenly distributes the water onto the quartz sand modified activated carbon layer 8. The water then passes sequentially through the quartz sand modified activated carbon layer 8 and the lower cushion layer 10 within shell 2. Finally, after disinfection by ultraviolet lamp 11, the water is discharged through outlet pipe 4. Dissolved oxygen sensor 11, COD sensor 12, and pH sensor 13 inside shell 1 and shell 2 monitor the parameters of the water in shell 1 and shell 2 in real time.

[0040] This invention achieves synergistic effects of adsorption and biodegradation. Activated carbon first adsorbs organic pollutants, reducing the impact load on the raw water entering the biofilm zone. The biofilm then efficiently degrades the adsorbed and enriched substrates, significantly improving overall treatment efficiency. This shortens the start-up period, reduces land area and investment costs, and the modular design results in a smaller size and simplified process flow, significantly reducing land area and construction costs. The dual functions of adsorption and biofilm act as buffers, providing strong adaptability to fluctuations in water quality load. Furthermore, the online regeneration technology of activated carbon reduces operating costs and the risk of secondary pollution. It can be used for urban domestic sewage, industrial organic wastewater, aquaculture wastewater, and emergency water purification. The scale of the device and the composition of the microbial community can be flexibly adjusted according to the water volume and pollutant types. By combining activated carbon attached to a biofilm with a three-dimensional granular electrode, a synergistic effect of physical adsorption, biodegradation, and electrochemical oxidation is achieved, demonstrating highly efficient removal capabilities for various pollutants such as organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, and heavy metals, significantly improving water purification performance. The electric field generated by setting up activated carbon-coated anode and cathode layers promotes microbial activity, accelerates biofilm metabolism, improves biodegradation efficiency, and shortens the water purification cycle. The inclusion of a controller, dissolved oxygen sensor, COD sensor, and pH sensor enables real-time monitoring and intelligent control of the reaction process, automatically adjusting operating parameters according to different water qualities to ensure stable and efficient operation of the device and reduce manual operation costs.

[0041] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "coaxial", "bottom", "one end", "top", "middle", "other end", "upper", "side", "top", "inner", "front", "center", "both ends", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0042] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "setting", "connection", "fixing", "screw connection", etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components. Unless otherwise explicitly limited, those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A slow filtration water purification device based on biofilm attached to activated carbon, characterized in that, The device includes a first shell (1) and a second shell (2). One end of the first shell (1) is connected to a water inlet pipe (3), and the bottom of the second shell (2) is connected to a water outlet pipe (4). The first shell (1) and the second shell (2) are connected by a connecting pipe (5). The first shell (1) is provided with an activated carbon felt anode layer (6) and an activated carbon felt cathode layer (7). The first shell (1) and the second shell (2) are both provided with a quartz sand modified activated carbon layer (8). A ring water distributor (9) is provided above the quartz sand modified activated carbon layer (8). A bottom pad layer (10) is provided below the quartz sand modified activated carbon layer (8). The first shell (1) and the second shell (2) are both provided with a dissolved oxygen sensor (11), a COD sensor (12) and a pH sensor (13). The second shell (2) is also equipped with an ultraviolet lamp (18).

2. The slow filtration water purification device based on biofilm attached to activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the bottom center of the first shell (1) and the second shell (2) are connected to a vent pipe (14), and a valve is provided on the vent pipe (14).

3. The slow filtration water purification device based on biofilm attached to activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the activated carbon bag carbon felt anode layer (6) and the activated carbon bag carbon felt cathode layer (7) are connected to wires (15). One end of the wire (15) passes through the housing (1) and extends to the outside of the housing (1), and the end is connected to a power source (16).

4. The slow filtration water purification device based on biofilm attached to activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that: A controller (17) is installed on the outer wall of the housing 2 (2), and the dissolved oxygen sensor (11), COD sensor (12) and pH sensor (13) are respectively connected to the controller (17).

5. The slow filtration water purification device based on biofilm attached to activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underlying layer (10) is filled with gravel.

6. The slow filtration water purification device based on biofilm attached to activated carbon according to claim 3, characterized in that: The activated carbon-coated carbon felt anode layer (6) and activated carbon-coated carbon felt cathode layer (7) are both composed of activated carbon and carbon felt, and the other end of the wire (15) is connected to the carbon felt.

7. The slow filtration water purification device based on biofilm attached to activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The materials of the first shell (1) and the second shell (2) are both corrosion-resistant PVC and stainless steel. The height-to-diameter ratio of the first shell (1) and the second shell (2) is 2:1-3:

1. The bottom end of the first shell (1) and the second shell (2) is set in a conical structure.

8. The slow filtration water purification device based on biofilm attached to activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet hole diameter of the annular water distributor (9) is 2-5mm, the hole spacing of the annular water distributor (9) is 3-5 times the hole diameter, and the ratio of the diameter of the annular water distributor (9) to the inner diameter of the shell (1) is 1:1.2-1.5.

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