A modular precast concrete wall-type guardrail

Abstract

This utility model discloses a modular precast concrete wall-type guardrail, comprising a guardrail body with a combined buffer structure. The guardrail body, from the outside to the inside, is sequentially composed of a high-strength concrete protective layer, a porous concrete buffer layer with varying porosity, a closed-cell foam metal energy-absorbing core layer, and their symmetrical structure. The bottom of the guardrail body has a wedge-shaped chamfered base with a self-draining system and pre-embedded bolt mounting holes. The top two sides of the guardrail body have mortise and tenon joint structures, including mating tenons and mortises. A symmetrically arranged embedded lifting structure is located at the center of the top of the guardrail body, comprising a reinforced steel frame precast integrally with the guardrail body and detachable lifting rings. This utility model combines high-strength impact resistance with buffer energy absorption characteristics, enabling rapid construction through standardized precast components. It also possesses good drainage and structural stability, making it suitable for engineering fields requiring high-level protection, such as highways and bridges.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of guardrail technology, and more specifically to a modular precast concrete wall-type guardrail. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of urbanization and transportation infrastructure, concrete wall railings are playing an increasingly important role in the safety protection of roads, bridges, and buildings, and the demands for their impact resistance, durability, and construction efficiency are constantly increasing. However, traditional concrete railings have significant shortcomings in design and performance.

[0003] In terms of impact resistance, traditional guardrails often use a single material or layered structure, relying solely on the high strength of concrete to withstand impacts. Lacking an energy absorption mechanism, they are highly susceptible to brittle fracture due to localized stress concentration when facing dynamic impacts such as vehicle collisions, potentially resulting in flying fragments and secondary injuries. Regarding environmental adaptability, ordinary guardrails have inadequate drainage designs at the bottom. Long-term water accumulation can cause foundation frost heave and concrete corrosion, leading to structural instability. Simultaneously, temperature changes cause material expansion and contraction, making connection points prone to cracking. In terms of modularity and construction efficiency, existing prefabricated guardrail modules have simple connection methods. Bolted or welded connections not only result in poor installation accuracy and weak seismic performance, but also expose the hoisting structure, making it prone to rust, affecting reusability and aesthetics.

[0004] In summary, the performance deficiencies of traditional concrete guardrails in dynamic impact, complex environments, and construction applications make them unable to meet the needs of modern engineering. There is an urgent need to develop new types of concrete guardrails with high impact resistance, strong environmental adaptability, and convenient modular construction. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a modular precast concrete wall-type guardrail in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A modular precast concrete wall-type guardrail includes a guardrail body with a combined buffer structure. The guardrail body adopts a layered composite symmetrical structure, consisting of a high-strength concrete protective layer, a porous concrete buffer layer with varying porosity, a closed-cell foam metal energy-absorbing core layer, another porous concrete buffer layer with varying porosity, and a high-strength concrete protective layer from the outside to the inside. The bottom of the guardrail body is provided with a wedge-shaped chamfered base with a self-draining system. The bottom of the wedge-shaped chamfered base is provided with a horizontal drainage hole, and the four corners of the wedge-shaped chamfered base are provided with bolt mounting holes with pre-embedded sleeves. The top two sides of the guardrail body are provided with mortise and tenon connection structures, including tenons and mortises that cooperate with each other. The top center of the guardrail body is symmetrically arranged with an embedded hoisting structure, which includes a reinforced steel frame prefabricated integrally with the guardrail body and a detachable hoisting ring.

[0007] The layered composite symmetrical structure achieves step-by-step energy absorption, significantly improving impact resistance; the wedge-shaped chamfered base, combined with horizontal drainage holes and a self-drainage system, enhances foundation stability and prevents water erosion; the mortise and tenon connection structure simplifies modular splicing and improves construction efficiency; the embedded hoisting structure ensures transportation and installation safety, and the integrated prefabricated reinforced steel frame improves the overall structural strength.

[0008] Preferably, the porous concrete buffer layer with varying porosity is made of lightweight aggregate and cement, and the porosity gradually increases from the outside to the inside along the thickness direction, with the layers transitioning through a corrugated interface.

[0009] Preferably, the wedge-shaped chamfered base has intersecting drainage channels inside, forming a three-dimensional drainage network with the drain holes. The cross-section of the channels is a trapezoidal structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The drainage channels and the drain holes are connected by a guide slope.

[0010] Preferably, the contact surface of the mortise and tenon connection structure is provided with a conductive monitoring coating, an identification chip is pre-embedded at the end of the tenon, and an elastic conductive contact piece that contacts the identification chip is provided at the bottom of the tenon groove, forming an electrical connection monitoring circuit.

[0011] Preferably, the reinforcing steel frame of the hoisting structure is arranged in a cross-mesh pattern, with a hoisting base with a threaded interface at the intersection point, and an anti-rotation positioning boss matching the base at the lower part of the hoisting ring. The axis of the hoisting ring is arranged orthogonally to the center line of the tenon and mortise structure.

[0012] Preferably, the tenon is a hemispherical positioning tenon, and the corresponding mortise is a hemispherical groove. The tenon of the guardrail body is inserted into the mortise of another guardrail body from above for splicing.

[0013] Preferably, the guardrail body has extended flanges on both sides of the top, and a warning sign area is formed on the outer side of the flanges. The surface is provided with a reflective layer, which is constructed by spraying reflective paint or pasting reflective film.

[0014] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0015] 1. A gradient energy absorption system is formed through a composite structure consisting of a high-strength concrete protective layer, a gradually varying porosity buffer layer, and a closed-cell foam metal core layer: the outer high-strength concrete provides rigid protection, the gradually varying porosity porous concrete achieves progressive absorption of impact energy through changes in porosity gradient, and the closed-cell foam metal core layer utilizes its high specific strength energy absorption characteristics. The synergistic effect of these three elements improves the overall energy absorption efficiency of the guardrail, effectively reducing the transmission of collision impact force.

[0016] 2. The mortise and tenon joint structure, combined with ±1mm machining precision control, enables rapid and accurate assembly, improving construction efficiency compared to traditional welding methods. The hemispherical tenon and groove design give the structure self-resetting capability, adapting to uneven foundation settlement within 5°. Bolt mounting holes with pre-embedded sleeves support three-dimensional angle adjustment, enhancing terrain adaptability.

[0017] 3. Intelligent monitoring and long-term maintenance: The monitoring system, composed of a conductive monitoring coating and chip contacts, can detect the contact resistance value of the connection nodes in real time. By inverting the structural connection status through the resistance change rate, it can achieve millimeter-level displacement monitoring and early warning. The self-drainage system adopts a three-dimensional drainage network design, with trapezoidal dark channels and guide slopes to improve drainage efficiency and effectively avoid frost heave damage.

[0018] This utility model comprehensively utilizes technologies such as material gradient composite, intelligent monitoring, and modular prefabrication, forming significant technical advantages in terms of protective performance, construction efficiency, and maintenance costs. It is particularly suitable for scenarios with high requirements for safety and economy, such as highways and urban expressways. Attached Figure Description

[0019] This utility model will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side structure of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of this utility model (AA).

[0024] The markings in the diagram are as follows: 1-main body of the guardrail, 11-high-strength concrete protective layer, 12-gradient porosity porous concrete buffer layer, 13-closed-cell foam metal energy-absorbing core layer, 2-mortise and tenon, 3-lifting structure, 4-warning sign area, 5-tenon, 6-wedge-shaped chamfered base, 7-drain hole, 8-bolt mounting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can typically be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0026] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 1-4 As shown, this embodiment provides a modular precast concrete wall-type guardrail, including a guardrail body 1 with a combined buffer structure. The guardrail body 1 adopts a layered composite symmetrical structure, consisting of a high-strength concrete protective layer 11, a porous concrete buffer layer with varying porosity 12, a closed-cell foam metal energy-absorbing core layer 13, a porous concrete buffer layer with varying porosity 12, and a high-strength concrete protective layer 11, from the outside to the inside.

[0028] The implementation method of the layered composite symmetrical structure is as follows: a layered casting process using standardized steel formwork is adopted, and a 5-layer structure is prefabricated in sequence: the outer layer is cast with C50 high-strength concrete, which forms a 20mm protective layer after vibration; the middle layer is made of porous concrete with 5-8mm ceramsite aggregate, and the porosity is controlled by vibration frequency, with the vibration frequency of 35Hz (porosity 15%) in the outer 30mm area and 20Hz (porosity 30%) in the inner 30mm area, forming a gradient buffer layer; the closed-cell foam aluminum core layer is made of LY12 aluminum alloy prefabricated plate with a thickness of 40mm and a pore size of 0.5-2mm, which is embedded after being coated with epoxy resin interface agent; 3mm deep corrugated grooves are set between the layers, and the adjacent layers are filled with self-leveling mortar to form a mechanical interlocking interface during casting.

[0029] The bottom of the guardrail body 1 is provided with a wedge-shaped chamfered base 6 with a self-drainage system. The bottom of the wedge-shaped chamfered base 6 is provided with a horizontal drainage hole 7. The four corners of the wedge-shaped chamfered base 6 are provided with bolt mounting holes 8 with pre-embedded sleeves.

[0030] The wedge-shaped chamfered base 6 is implemented as follows: the base mold adopts an adjustable angle steel mold, which forms a 15° outward tilt angle during prefabrication. Φ50 PVC drain pipes are set at the bottom, evenly arranged at 800mm intervals. The internal cross-drainage troughs are pre-embedded with trapezoidal cross-section plastic molded parts, with an upper opening width of 40mm, a lower opening width of 20mm, a depth of 30mm, and a cross spacing of 300mm. The guide slope is set at a 1:6 slope, and the inner wall of the trough is treated with polyurethane waterproof coating. The pre-embedded M24 bolt sleeve is made of hot-dip galvanized steel sleeve, and a rubber water-stop ring is set at the bottom.

[0031] The top two sides of the guardrail body 1 are provided with a mortise and tenon connection structure, including a tenon 5 and a mortise 2 that cooperate with each other;

[0032] The mortise and tenon connection structure is implemented as follows: the hemispherical tenon 5 is made of 80mm diameter stainless steel hemisphere pre-embedded, with galvanized surface treatment, and the installation error is controlled within ±1.5mm; the tenon 2 adopts a hemispherical rubber pad nesting structure with a 5mm thick neoprene rubber buffer layer inside; the conductive monitoring coating is a graphene modified epoxy coating with a coating thickness of 0.2mm and a sheet resistance ≤10Ω / sq; the RFID identification chip is encapsulated inside the tenon 5 and forms a monitoring circuit with the elastic copper alloy contact.

[0033] The guardrail body 1 has an embedded hoisting structure 3 symmetrically arranged at the top center, which includes a reinforced steel frame prefabricated integrally with the guardrail body 1 and a detachable hoisting ring.

[0034] The third implementation of the embedded hoisting structure is as follows: the cross steel frame is made of Φ12 threaded steel bars welded into a 150×150mm grid, and M30 stainless steel hoisting bases are welded at the nodes; the anti-rotation positioning boss is designed as a hexagonal prism structure, which fits with the hexagonal hole in the base, and the tolerance is controlled within H7 / g6; the lifting ring is forged from 40Cr alloy steel, with nitriding treatment on the surface, and is tightened to 150N·m with a torque wrench during installation; the axis of the lifting point is perpendicular to the length direction of the guardrail, and the deviation is controlled within ±0.5°.

[0035] In another embodiment of this utility model, the porous concrete buffer layer 12 with varying porosity is made of lightweight aggregate and cement, and the porosity gradually increases from the outside to the inside along the thickness direction, with the layers transitioning through a corrugated interface.

[0036] The implementation method of the gradient porosity buffer layer is as follows: the lightweight aggregate is expanded shale ceramsite, which is graded and screened into two grades: 5-8mm and 3-5mm; the outer dense layer uses cement:ceramsite = 1:1.5 (volume ratio) and water-cement ratio of 0.28; the inner sparse layer uses cement:ceramsite = 1:2.2 (volume ratio) and water-cement ratio of 0.32; the interlayer transition zone adopts the vibration table frequency conversion process, with 35Hz for the first 2 minutes and gradually reduced to 20Hz for the next 3 minutes.

[0037] In another embodiment of this utility model, the wedge-shaped chamfered base 6 has a cross-arranged drainage trough inside, which forms a three-dimensional drainage network with the drain hole 7. The cross section of the trough is a trapezoidal structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The drainage trough and the drain hole 7 are connected by a guide slope.

[0038] The three-dimensional drainage system is implemented as follows: the drainage trough is prefabricated using HDPE molds, and the mold surface is coated with a release agent; the guide slope is set at a 30° angle and treated with polymer cement mortar; the outlet of the drainage hole 7 is equipped with a stainless steel filter screen (2mm aperture); a 50mm thick graded crushed stone drainage layer with a particle size of 5-10mm is laid at the bottom of the base.

[0039] In another embodiment of this utility model, the contact surface of the mortise and tenon connection structure is provided with a conductive monitoring coating, an identification chip is pre-embedded at the end of the tenon 5, and an elastic conductive contact piece that contacts the identification chip is provided at the bottom of the tenon groove 2, forming an electrical connection monitoring circuit.

[0040] The intelligent monitoring system is implemented as follows: the conductive coating is applied by spraying in three coats, with a 2-hour interval between each coat; the monitoring circuit is connected to a 4-20mA current signal and a threshold alarm is set (alarm is triggered when <5mA is applied); the chip storage module ID, installation time, and other data are identified and transmitted using the NFC protocol; the elastic contact is made of beryllium copper alloy and the contact pressure is designed to be 2±0.5N.

[0041] In another embodiment of this utility model, the reinforcing steel frame of the hoisting structure 3 is arranged in a cross-mesh pattern, and a hoisting base with a threaded interface is provided at the intersection point. The lower part of the hoisting ring is provided with an anti-rotation positioning boss that matches the base. The axis of the hoisting ring is arranged orthogonally to the center line of the tenon and mortise structure.

[0042] In another embodiment of this utility model, the tenon 5 is a hemispherical positioning tenon 5, and the corresponding mortise 2 is a hemispherical groove. The tenon 5 of the guardrail body 1 is inserted into the mortise 2 of another guardrail body 1 from above for splicing.

[0043] In another embodiment of this utility model, the top two sides of the guardrail body 1 are provided with extended flanges, and a warning sign area 4 is formed on the outer side of the flanges. The surface is provided with a reflective layer, which is constructed by spraying reflective paint or pasting reflective film.

[0044] The implementation method of the warning sign system is as follows: the flange is shaped using a polycarbonate template with an overhang length of 50mm; the reflective layer is sandblasted before construction (roughness Ra≥6.3μm); the reflective paint is an acrylic paint with a glass microsphere content ≥30% and a coating thickness ≥0.3mm; the reflective film is a Class III diamond grade product with a backing adhesive weather resistance temperature of -40℃~80℃.

[0045] The working principle of this utility model is based on three core mechanisms: energy gradient dissipation, modular rapid assembly, and intelligent monitoring. The specific workflow is as follows:

[0046] 1. Multi-level energy gradient dissipation mechanism, impact force graded attenuation: When a vehicle collision occurs, the outer high-strength concrete protective layer 11 first disperses the initial impact kinetic energy through rigid resistance; subsequently, the porous concrete buffer layer 12 with gradually varying porosity (porosity varies from 30% to 60% from the outside to the inside) achieves secondary energy absorption through pore compression deformation, and its corrugated interface design causes stress waves to be reflected and attenuated multiple times; the core closed-cell foam metal energy-absorbing core layer (porosity ≥75%) completes plastic energy dissipation through honeycomb structure crushing deformation, forming a three-level energy dissipation system of "rigid resistance - flexible buffer - plastic energy absorption". Symmetrical structure synergistic response: The symmetrical arrangement of the double-gradient buffer layers allows the impact energy to be transmitted bidirectionally along the thickness direction, avoiding stress concentration on one side. Combined with the strain rate sensitive characteristics of closed-cell foam metal, the energy absorption efficiency is improved during high-speed impacts (>80km / h).

[0047] 2. Modular assembly and intelligent monitoring system, mortise and tenon positioning coupling: The hemispherical tenon 5 (radius of curvature R = 150 mm) and the mortise 2 adopt an interference fit (tolerance H7 / g6), achieving ±5° deflection compensation capability between modules through geometric self-locking. The conductive monitoring coating (resistance value 50-100 Ω·cm) and the elastic conductive contact form a closed loop, triggering an early warning signal when the connection displacement exceeds 3 mm. Three-dimensional drainage network: Cross-shaped drainage channels (top width 80 mm / bottom width 50 mm) and horizontal drain holes 7 (φ = 30 mm) form a drainage gradient, which, together with the guide slope (slope ≥ 5%), achieves a drainage capacity of 200 L / (min·m).

[0048] 3. Functional structural synergy and optimized lifting mechanics: The cross-shaped steel mesh frame (16mm diameter rebar @ 100mm) forms a spatial truss structure with the lifting base, increasing the shear strength at the lifting points to 35MPa. Anti-rotation positioning bosses (10mm high) and an orthogonal arrangement strategy control the eccentric loading rate during lifting. All-weather visibility assurance: Prism-type reflective film (retroreflection coefficient ≥500cd / lx / m) is installed on the extended flange (150mm overhang). 2 It forms an effective observation angle of 15°-30°, and with the broken contour design of the warning area, it can achieve visibility of 300m beyond the warning area under a visibility of 100m.

[0049] 4. Environmental adaptation mechanism: The wedge-shaped chamfered base 6 (tilt angle 55°) enhances the foundation's anti-overturning moment through the soil arching effect; the pre-embedded sleeve (inner diameter 40mm) in the bolt mounting hole 8 allows for ±20mm installation error adjustment. The pH-responsive gel pre-embedded in the pores of the buffer layer can automatically expand and seal microcracks in acid rain environments (pH<5.6).

[0050] This innovative guardrail adopts an integrated design concept that combines materials, structure, and function, featuring a high degree of modularity and significantly improving on-site assembly efficiency. During installation, only the main body of the guardrail needs to be hoisted; the tenons and mortises of adjacent main bodies are then quickly interlocked to achieve a temporary, stable connection. For further securing, the guardrail is tightened to the ground using bolt holes, significantly enhancing its stability. This design not only drastically reduces the overall lifecycle maintenance cost but also constructs a modern road safety protection system integrating intelligent sensing, efficient protection, and rapid deployment, providing a brand-new solution for road safety management.

Claims

1. A modular precast concrete wall-type guardrail, comprising a guardrail body (1) with a combined buffer structure, characterized in that: The main body of the guardrail (1) adopts a layered composite symmetrical structure, which consists of a high-strength concrete protective layer (11), a porous concrete buffer layer with varying porosity (12), a closed-cell foam metal energy-absorbing core layer (13), a porous concrete buffer layer with varying porosity (12), and a high-strength concrete protective layer (11) from the outside to the inside. The bottom of the guardrail body (1) is provided with a wedge-shaped chamfered base (6) with a self-drainage system. The bottom of the wedge-shaped chamfered base (6) is provided with a horizontal drainage hole (7). The four corners of the wedge-shaped chamfered base (6) are provided with bolt mounting holes (8) with pre-embedded sleeves. The top two sides of the guardrail body (1) are provided with mortise and tenon connection structures, including tenons (5) and mortises (2) that cooperate with each other; The guardrail body (1) has an embedded hoisting structure (3) symmetrically arranged at the top center, which includes a reinforced steel frame and a detachable hoisting ring prefabricated as an integral part of the guardrail body (1).

2. The modular precast concrete wall-type guardrail according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gradually increasing porosity porous concrete buffer layer (12) is made of lightweight aggregate and cement, and the porosity gradually increases from the outside to the inside along the thickness direction, with the layers transitioning through a corrugated interface.

3. The modular precast concrete wall-type guardrail according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wedge-shaped chamfered base (6) has a cross-arranged drainage trough inside, which forms a three-dimensional drainage network with the drain hole (7). The cross section of the trough is a trapezoidal structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The drainage trough and the drain hole (7) are connected by a guide slope.

4. The modular precast concrete wall-type guardrail according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact surface of the mortise and tenon connection structure is provided with a conductive monitoring coating, the end of the tenon (5) is pre-embedded with an identification chip, and the bottom of the tenon (2) is provided with an elastic conductive contact piece that contacts the identification chip, forming an electrical connection monitoring circuit.

5. The modular precast concrete wall-type guardrail according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcing steel frame of the hoisting structure (3) is arranged in a cross-mesh pattern. A hoisting base with a threaded interface is provided at the intersection point. The lower part of the hoisting ring is provided with an anti-rotation positioning boss that matches the base. The axis of the hoisting ring is arranged orthogonally to the center line of the tenon and mortise structure.

6. The modular precast concrete wall-type guardrail according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tenon (5) is a hemispherical positioning tenon, and the corresponding mortise (2) is a hemispherical groove. The tenon (5) of the guardrail body (1) is inserted from above into the mortise (2) of another guardrail body (1) for splicing.

7. The modular precast concrete wall-type guardrail according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guardrail body (1) has extended flanges on both sides of the top, and a warning sign area (4) is formed on the outer side of the flanges. The surface is provided with a reflective layer, which is constructed by spraying reflective paint or pasting reflective film.

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