A multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor plate

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of geotechnical engineering support technology, specifically to a multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor tray, comprising an anchor, a matrix layer, a perforated layer, a honeycomb layer, and a memory layer. The matrix layer, perforated layer, honeycomb layer, and memory layer are sequentially fitted onto the anchor from top to bottom along the anchor's extension direction and are mutually fixed. The matrix layer, perforated layer, and honeycomb layer sequentially absorb impact energy and then transfer it to the memory layer, which can recover its original shape after impact. The multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor tray provided by this utility model can achieve dynamic energy absorption through the synergistic effect of the four layers. Simultaneously, the memory layer can recover its original shape after impact to achieve structural self-recovery, improving overall durability and reliability. The synergistic energy absorption efficiency of the four layers is effectively improved, and it can also provide a continuous and variable support resistance, preventing ductile fracture of the anchor under high-cycle fatigue effects, while reducing the risk of anchor tray breakage during use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of geotechnical engineering support technology, specifically to a multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor plate. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's high-speed railway network, deep-buried tunnels, and large-scale slope engineering, rock support systems under complex geological conditions are facing increasingly severe dynamic load challenges. Especially in the entrance and exit sections of high-speed railway tunnels and seasonal freeze-thaw cycle slopes, the rock support system is subjected to long-term coupling effects of multi-source time-varying dynamic loads such as train vibration waves and frost heave stress waves. Anchor bolt trays are a key component of anchor bolt support systems, primarily used to disperse the prestress of the anchor bolts and enhance the support effect on the surrounding rock or soil.

[0003] In the areas at the entrance and exit sections of high-speed railway tunnels, which are in a transition zone from shallow to deep burial, the integrity of the surrounding rock is significantly affected by surface weathering and tectonic stress release. When trains pass at high speed, the wheel-rail contact excitation wave is transmitted through the track bed, lining, and surrounding rock path to the anchoring end of the anchor bolt tray, forming a periodic vibration load. This load induces fretting wear on the contact surface between the tray and the pad, accelerates the relaxation of the preload, and causes the anchor bolt body to undergo ductile fracture under high-cycle fatigue. At the location of the freeze-thaw cycle slope, seasonal temperature fluctuations cause phase change in the rock fracture water, generating frost heave pressure. The dynamic migration of the freeze-thaw interface causes the support system to bear impact loads with gradually varying amplitudes.

[0004] Traditional anchor bolt tray structures, lacking a phase change energy buffer layer, are prone to brittle spalling under freeze-thaw alternating stress. Furthermore, the use of steel trays in traditional anchor bolt tray structures results in low energy absorption efficiency, making them unable to cope with the combined effects of high-frequency vibration and instantaneous impact; moreover, steel trays corrode rapidly under freeze-thaw cycles, and low-temperature brittleness leads to fracture risks. The mechanical response mechanisms and energy dissipation capabilities are insufficient to meet the requirements of these special working conditions, leading to frequent progressive failure events in the anchoring system, seriously threatening engineering safety and service life. Utility Model Content

[0005] (i) This utility model provides a multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor tray to alleviate the technical problem of low energy absorption efficiency of traditional anchor tray structures leading to the risk of tray breakage in the prior art.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, embodiments of this utility model provide a multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor tray, including an anchor, a base layer, a perforated layer, a honeycomb layer, and a memory layer;

[0008] The matrix layer, the perforated layer, the honeycomb layer, and the memory layer are sequentially sleeved on the anchor rod from top to bottom along the extension direction of the anchor rod and are fixed to each other;

[0009] The matrix layer, the perforated layer, and the honeycomb layer absorb impact energy in sequence and then transfer it to the memory layer, which can recover its original shape after being impacted.

[0010] Furthermore, the perforated layer has two layers, which are stacked vertically along the extension direction of the anchor rod, and each layer of the perforated layer has perforations in three directions: X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis.

[0011] Furthermore, the perforation diameter of the upper perforated layer is smaller than that of the perforated layer below it.

[0012] Furthermore, the honeycomb layer includes a plurality of hexagonal through holes and a plurality of triangular through holes, the hexagonal through holes and the triangular through holes being arranged in a mixed manner, and each side of the hexagonal through hole being connected to one side of the triangular through hole.

[0013] Furthermore, the memory layer is corrugated.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper surface of the substrate layer is provided with an anti-corrosion layer.

[0015] Furthermore, the anchor rod includes a threaded section and a smooth section, with the smooth section respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides of the threaded section. The base layer, the perforated layer, the honeycomb layer, and the memory layer are sequentially sleeved on the threaded section. The threaded section is also equipped with a positioning nut, which is disposed above the base layer.

[0016] Furthermore, the substrate layer, the perforated layer, the honeycomb layer, and the memory layer are all provided with threaded holes for the anchor rod to pass through.

[0017] Furthermore, the diameter of the threaded section is smaller than the diameter of the smooth section.

[0018] Furthermore, the anchor bolt, the base layer, the perforated layer, the honeycomb layer, and the memory layer are arranged coaxially.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0020] This utility model provides a multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor tray, comprising an anchor, a base layer, a perforated layer, a honeycomb layer, and a memory layer. The base layer, perforated layer, honeycomb layer, and memory layer are sequentially fitted onto the anchor from top to bottom along the extension direction of the anchor and are fixed to each other, thus forming a four-layer synergistic structure. The impact energy is transmitted sequentially along the path of the base layer, perforated layer, honeycomb layer, and memory layer. After the base layer, perforated layer, and honeycomb layer absorb the impact energy in sequence, it is transmitted to the memory layer. Dynamic energy absorption is achieved through the synergistic effect of the four layers. At the same time, the memory layer can recover its original shape after impact to achieve structural self-recovery, which improves the overall durability and reliability. The energy absorption efficiency of the four layers is effectively improved, and it can also provide a continuous and changing support resistance, preventing the anchor from ductile fracture under high-cycle fatigue effect, while reducing the risk of anchor tray breakage during use. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the usage state of the multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor tray provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor tray provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the perforated layer structure of the multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor tray provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the honeycomb layer structure of the multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor tray provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the memory layer structure of the multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor tray provided in this embodiment of the utility model.

[0027] icon:

[0028] 100 - Anchor bolt; 101 - Locating nut;

[0029] 200 - Matrix layer;

[0030] 300 - Perforated layer; 301 - X-axis perforation; 302 - Y-axis perforation; 303 - Z-axis perforation;

[0031] 400 - Honeycomb layer; 401 - Hexagonal through hole; 402 - Triangular through hole;

[0032] 500 - Memory layer. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0034] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper" and "lower," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0035] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, in the description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this utility model provides a multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor tray, including an anchor 100, a base layer 200, a perforated layer 300, a honeycomb layer 400, and a memory layer 500.

[0037] The matrix layer 200, the perforated layer 300, the honeycomb layer 400 and the memory layer 500 are sequentially sleeved on the anchor rod 100 from top to bottom along the extension direction of the anchor rod 100 and are fixed to each other;

[0038] The matrix layer 200, the perforated layer 300, and the honeycomb layer 400 absorb the impact energy in sequence and then transfer it to the memory layer 500. The memory layer 500 can recover its original shape after the impact.

[0039] In this embodiment, the multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor tray includes an anchor 100, a substrate layer 200, a perforated layer 300, a honeycomb layer 400, and a memory layer 500. The substrate layer 200, perforated layer 300, honeycomb layer 400, and memory layer 500 are sequentially fitted onto the anchor 100 from top to bottom along the extension direction of the anchor 100 and are fixed to each other, thereby forming a four-layer synergistic structure. The impact energy received is sequentially transmitted along the path of the substrate layer 200, perforated layer 300, honeycomb layer 400, and memory layer 500. Layer 200, perforated layer 300, and honeycomb layer 400 absorb impact energy sequentially and then transfer it to memory layer 500. Dynamic energy absorption is achieved through the synergistic effect of the four layers. At the same time, memory layer 500 can recover its original shape after impact to achieve structural self-recovery, which improves the overall durability and reliability. The synergistic energy absorption efficiency of the four layers is effectively improved, and it can also provide a continuous and changing support resistance to prevent anchor bolt 100 from ductile fracture under high cycle fatigue effect, while reducing the risk of anchor bolt 100 tray fracture during use.

[0040] Preferably, the substrate layer 200 is made of weathering steel as the main structural material. Because weathering steel has the characteristics of high strength and high toughness, it can evenly distribute the impact load to the lower perforated layer 300, honeycomb layer 400 and memory layer 500, thus avoiding local stress concentration.

[0041] Of course, the multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor tray provided in this embodiment has a simple structure and the method of use is the same as the traditional anchor 100 tray installation and positioning method. It is convenient to operate and easy to master. It can also effectively absorb and protect the anchor 100 from stress changes.

[0042] According to one embodiment provided by this utility model, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the perforated layer 300 has two layers, which are stacked up and down along the extension direction of the anchor rod 100. Each perforated layer 300 has perforations in the three directions of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis.

[0043] In this embodiment, preferably, the perforated layer 300 is made of aluminum and consists of two layers, stacked vertically along the extension direction of the anchor rod 100. Meanwhile, as... Figure 3 As shown, each layer has X-axis perforations 301 along the X-axis, Y-axis perforations 302 along the Y-axis, and Z-axis perforations 303 along the Z-axis. Of course, the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis mentioned correspond to the spatial coordinate system, so they will not be described in detail here.

[0044] According to one embodiment provided by this utility model, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the perforation diameter of the upper perforated layer 300 is smaller than that of the perforated layer 300 below it.

[0045] In this embodiment, two perforated layers 300 are stacked vertically along the extension direction of the anchor rod 100. The diameters of the X-axis perforations 301, Y-axis perforations 302, and Z-axis perforations 303 of the upper perforated layer 300 are all smaller than the diameters of the lower layer, thus forming a change in the diameter gradient. That is, the perforation density of the upper layer is smaller and the perforation density of the lower layer is larger. The high-frequency vibration wave is first rapidly attenuated in the low-density region, and then the low-frequency impact energy is dissipated through the plastic deformation of the high-density region. Energy is absorbed step by step through the gradient density. At the same time, the energy absorption rate is positively correlated with the relative density, forming a dynamic resistance matching interface.

[0046] According to one embodiment provided by this utility model, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the honeycomb layer 400 includes a plurality of hexagonal through holes 401 and a plurality of triangular through holes 402, the hexagonal through holes 401 and the triangular through holes 402 are arranged in a mixed manner, and each side of the hexagonal through hole 401 is connected to one side of the triangular through hole 402.

[0047] In this embodiment, the honeycomb layer 400 is made of aluminum alloy and has multiple hexagonal through holes 401 and multiple triangular through holes 402. The hexagonal through holes 401 and triangular through holes 402 are mixed and arranged to form a thin-walled honeycomb structure. That is, each hexagon has six sides connected to one side of a triangular through hole 402, forming an asymmetric honeycomb array. During energy transfer, asymmetric collapse occurs. During impact, the hexagonal through holes 401 buckle preferentially along the impact direction, while the triangular through holes 402 fracture with delay and fail with delay, forming a two-stage energy absorption dual-mode. The honeycomb layer 400 dissipates impact energy in a multi-directional and hierarchical manner, thereby preventing structural instability.

[0048] According to one embodiment provided by this utility model, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, memory layer 500 has a wavy shape.

[0049] In this embodiment, the shape memory layer 500 is made of shape memory metal, preferably a NiTi alloy and a CuAlMn alloy, with the outer NiTi alloy and the inner CuAlMn alloy having a corrugated metallic appearance. The NiTi alloy, as an elastic structural material, utilizes its superelastic effect and thermoelastic phase transition properties. The copper-based shape memory alloy (Cu-Al-Mn) broadens the temperature range, serving as a passive temperature-controlled structure capable of deformation within the range of -20℃ to 60℃. This allows it to recover its shape after impact, maintaining the integrity of the overall structure of the anchor bolt 100 tray and improving the durability and reliability of the support structure.

[0050] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the upper surface of the substrate layer 200 is provided with an anti-corrosion layer.

[0051] In this embodiment, in order to better reduce the corrosion rate of the substrate layer 200 under extreme environments and extreme temperature differences, an anti-corrosion layer is sprayed onto its upper surface. Preferably, the anti-corrosion layer is a SiO2 / PTFE coating with a thickness of 20μm, so that the substrate layer 200 can remain uncorroded for a long time under salt spray testing, thereby increasing its service durability.

[0052] According to one embodiment provided by this utility model, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the anchor bolt 100 includes a threaded section and a smooth section. The smooth section is respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the threaded section. The base layer 200, the perforated layer 300, the honeycomb layer 400 and the memory layer 500 are sequentially sleeved on the threaded section. The threaded section is also equipped with a positioning nut 101, which is located above the base layer 200.

[0053] In this embodiment, the anchor rod 100 includes a threaded section and a smooth section. The smooth section is respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the threaded section. That is, when the base layer 200, the perforated layer 300, the honeycomb layer 400 and the memory layer 500 are sequentially fitted onto the threaded section, they can be fixed relative to the anchor rod 100. At the same time, a positioning nut 101 is also installed on the threaded section. The base layer 200, the perforated layer 300, the honeycomb layer 400 and the memory layer 500 are fixed by the threaded engagement of the positioning nut 101 with the threaded section.

[0054] According to one embodiment provided by this utility model, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the substrate layer 200, the perforated layer 300, the honeycomb layer 400 and the memory layer 500 are all provided with threaded holes for the anchor rod 100 to pass through.

[0055] In this embodiment, the substrate layer 200, perforated layer 300, honeycomb layer 400 and memory layer 500 each have threaded holes in their central areas for the anchor rod 100 to pass through, thereby facilitating the fixing of the substrate layer 200, perforated layer 300, honeycomb layer 400 and memory layer 500 to the anchor rod 100. The substrate layer 200, perforated layer 300, honeycomb layer 400 and memory layer 500 can be threadedly connected to the anchor rod 100 by threading the threaded holes and threaded sections.

[0056] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the threaded section is smaller than the diameter of the smooth section.

[0057] In this embodiment, the diameter of the threaded section is smaller than that of the smooth section to ensure that the base layer 200, the perforated layer 300, the honeycomb layer 400 and the memory layer 500 can be fixed in the threaded section after being threadedly connected to the anchor rod 100, and will not slip off along the connection between the threaded section and the smooth section.

[0058] According to one embodiment provided by this utility model, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the anchor bolt 100, the base layer 200, the perforated layer 300, the honeycomb layer 400, and the memory layer 500 are coaxially arranged.

[0059] In this embodiment, by coaxially arranging the anchor rod 100, the substrate layer 200, the perforated layer 300, the honeycomb layer 400, and the memory layer 500, it is ensured that the load is transmitted along the axis of the anchor rod 100, avoiding local stress concentration caused by eccentric force, extending the service life of the anchor rod 100 tray provided in this embodiment, and at the same time, the compression deformation of each layer can be consistent with the force direction of the anchor rod 100, fully dissipating the impact energy. Moreover, the coaxial arrangement can also reduce the lateral shear force and prevent the connection from loosening.

[0060] Preferably, the substrate layer 200, the perforated layer 300, the honeycomb layer 400, and the memory layer 500 are fixed together by laser welding around the entire circle.

[0061] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-stage energy absorbing anchor rod tray, characterized by, It includes an anchor bolt (100), a base layer (200), a perforated layer (300), a honeycomb layer (400), and a memory layer (500); The substrate layer (200), the perforated layer (300), the honeycomb layer (400) and the memory layer (500) are sequentially sleeved on the anchor rod (100) from top to bottom along the extension direction of the anchor rod (100) and are fixed to each other; The substrate layer (200), the perforated layer (300) and the honeycomb layer (400) absorb impact energy in sequence and then transfer it to the memory layer (500), which can recover its original shape after impact.

2. A multi-stage energy absorbing anchor rod tray according to claim 1, characterised in that, The perforated layer (300) has two layers, which are stacked vertically along the extension direction of the anchor rod (100). Each perforated layer (300) has perforations in the three directions of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis.

3. The multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor plate according to claim 2, characterized in that, The perforation diameter of the upper perforated layer (300) is smaller than that of the perforated layer (300) below it.

4. The multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The honeycomb layer (400) includes a plurality of hexagonal through holes (401) and a plurality of triangular through holes (402), the hexagonal through holes (401) and the triangular through holes (402) are arranged in a mixed manner, and each side of the hexagonal through hole (401) is connected to one side of the triangular through hole (402).

5. The multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The memory layer (500) is corrugated.

6. The multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the substrate layer (200) is provided with an anti-corrosion layer.

7. The multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchor rod (100) includes a threaded section and a smooth section. The smooth section is respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the threaded section. The base layer (200), the perforated layer (300), the honeycomb layer (400), and the memory layer (500) are sequentially sleeved on the threaded section. The threaded section is also equipped with a positioning nut (101), which is located above the base layer (200).

8. The multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor plate according to claim 7, characterized in that, The substrate layer (200), the perforated layer (300), the honeycomb layer (400), and the memory layer (500) are all provided with threaded holes for the anchor rod (100) to pass through.

9. The multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor plate according to claim 8, characterized in that, The diameter of the threaded section is smaller than the diameter of the smooth section.

10. The multi-stage energy-absorbing anchor plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchor rod (100), the base layer (200), the perforated layer (300), the honeycomb layer (400), and the memory layer (500) are arranged coaxially.

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