Rolling bearing pre-tightening test mechanism

Abstract

This utility model discloses a preload loading test mechanism for rolling bearings. A rotating shaft is mounted in a support base via the rolling bearing under test. A motor drives the shaft to rotate. A piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment component adjusts the preload of the rolling bearing under test. An axial loading component applies an axial load to the shaft, and a radial loading component applies a radial load to the shaft, simulating the actual load-bearing conditions of the rolling bearing under test. This allows for testing the fatigue performance of the rolling bearing under preload conditions. A temperature sensor monitors the real-time temperature change of the rolling bearing under test during shaft rotation, and an eddy current displacement sensor monitors the real-time axial and radial positions and rotational speed of the shaft. This enables a loading test where both the preload and test conditions are adjustable. The mechanism tests the influence of preload on the rolling bearing's temperature rise, wear, shaft vibration, and rotational speed, providing reliable and effective test data support for the design of preload in reducers for different application scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a rolling bearing preload test mechanism, belonging to the technical field of rolling bearing preload test technology. Background Technology

[0002] High-speed rolling bearings are crucial components of speed reducers, directly impacting their operating efficiency, stability, and overall vehicle reliability. In the speed reducers of new energy electric vehicles, high-speed rolling bearings operate under complex and demanding conditions. The high-speed operation of the motor subjects the bearings to high rotational speeds, while frequent starting, acceleration, and deceleration processes introduce alternating loads. Simultaneously, vibrations and temperature variations during vehicle operation further complicate the bearing's operating environment. Proper preload of the rolling bearing is critical to its performance in the speed reducer. Appropriate preload enhances bearing rigidity, reduces vibration, improves rotational accuracy, and consequently increases the speed reducer's transmission efficiency and reduces energy loss. However, excessive preload increases bearing friction, causing a rapid temperature rise, accelerating bearing wear, and increasing energy consumption; insufficient preload fails to effectively utilize bearing performance, leading to decreased rotational accuracy and affecting the normal operation of the speed reducer. A significant portion of speed reducer failures in new energy electric vehicles caused by bearing malfunctions are due to improper preload. This not only increases vehicle maintenance costs and downtime but may also affect driving safety. Currently, testing the preload of rolling bearings faces numerous challenges. Existing testing methods are mostly based on simple simulations, which cannot realistically reproduce the complex actual operating conditions of reducers and cannot accurately obtain preload data under the combined effects of high speed, alternating load, vibration, and temperature changes. Different vehicle models have significantly different motor characteristics and driving conditions, resulting in varying requirements for bearing preload, which increases the difficulty of determining the appropriate preload. In view of these problems, it is urgent to develop a testing mechanism specifically for testing the preload and fatigue life of high-speed rolling bearings in reducers of new energy electric vehicles. Utility Model Content

[0003] The rolling bearing preload loading test mechanism provided by this utility model tests the fatigue performance of the tested rolling bearing under various preload states under alternating load conditions. It realizes the loading test with adjustable preload and test conditions to test the influence of preload on rolling bearing temperature rise, wear, shaft vibration and speed. It provides reliable and effective test data support for the design of preload of rolling bearings in reducers for different application scenarios.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0005] The rolling bearing preload test mechanism, mounted on a test platform, includes a support base, a rotating shaft assembled in the support base via the rolling bearing under test, an axial loading assembly for axial loading of the rotating shaft, a radial loading assembly for radial loading of the rotating shaft, a motor driving the rotating shaft, and a piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly for adjusting the preload of the rolling bearing under test through the inverse piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly is mounted in the support base and abuts against the outer ring end face of the rolling bearing under test. The rear end of the rotating shaft extends out of the support base and connects to the motor, while the front end extends out of the support base and connects to the axial loading assembly. The radial loading assembly extends radially into the axial loading assembly along the rotating shaft. The support base is equipped with a temperature sensor in contact with the rolling bearing under test and an eddy current displacement sensor in contact with the rotating shaft. The axial loading assembly, radial loading assembly, motor, piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly, temperature sensor, and eddy current displacement sensor are all electrically connected to a controller.

[0006] Preferably, the support includes a lower base fixed to the test platform, an upper cover fixed to the lower base, a front cover, and a rear cover. A cylindrical mounting cavity is formed between the lower base and the upper cover. The front cover and the rear cover respectively close the front and rear ends of the cylindrical mounting cavity. The rolling bearing to be tested is press-fitted into the cylindrical mounting cavity. The rotating shaft is press-fitted onto the rolling bearing to be tested. A temperature sensor is mounted on the upper cover. An eddy current displacement sensor is mounted on the front cover. The front cover is equipped with an oil nozzle that can be connected to an oil pipe to lubricate the rolling bearing to be tested.

[0007] Preferably, the rotating shaft has a positioning convex ring in the middle, and there are two rolling bearings to be tested. The two rolling bearings to be tested abut against the positioning convex ring respectively, and two positioning nuts are installed on the rotating shaft to position the two rolling bearings to be tested between the positioning convex ring and the positioning nuts respectively. There are two temperature sensors, and each temperature sensor contacts the outer ring of one of the rolling bearings to be tested. The piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly is installed on the rear end cover and contacts the rear end face of the outer ring of one of the rolling bearings to be tested.

[0008] Preferably, the piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly consists of three sets, evenly distributed circumferentially on the rear end cover. Each piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly includes a piezoelectric ceramic, a force sensor, and a preload mandrel that are sequentially contacted from back to front. The piezoelectric ceramic rests against the rear end cover, and its electrical connection pins protrude from the rear end cover and are electrically connected to the controller. A mounting plate is fixed on the rear end cover, and mounting holes corresponding to the force sensor and the preload mandrel are opened on the mounting plate. The force sensor and the preload mandrel are installed in the mounting holes, and the preload mandrel extends out of the mounting holes and contacts the rear end face of the outer ring of a rolling bearing under test.

[0009] Preferably, the axial loading assembly includes an axial loading seat fixed on the test platform, an axial loading cylinder mounted on the axial loading seat, a thrust support block fixed on the test platform, and a pressurizing intermediate component placed on the thrust support block. The pressurizing intermediate component has a support hole for the front end of the rotating shaft to extend into. A support bearing is press-fitted into the support hole, and the front end of the rotating shaft is pressed into the support bearing. The rear end face of the inner ring of the support bearing abuts against the shoulder on the rotating shaft. An axial pressure cover is fixed to the front end of the pressurizing intermediate component. The axial pressure cover extends into the support hole and abuts against the front end face of the outer ring of the support bearing. The telescopic end of the axial loading cylinder abuts against the axial pressure cover.

[0010] Preferably, the thrust support block has a limiting plate that restricts the radial movement of the pressurization intermediate component along the rotating shaft. The radial loading assembly includes a radial loading seat fixed on the test platform and a radial loading cylinder mounted on the radial loading seat. The telescopic end of the radial loading cylinder extends radially into the support hole and contacts the outer ring of the support bearing.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0012] This invention relates to a preload loading test mechanism for rolling bearings. A rotating shaft is mounted in a support base via the rolling bearing under test. A motor drives the shaft to rotate. A piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment component adjusts the preload of the rolling bearing under test. An axial loading component applies an axial load to the shaft, and a radial loading component applies a radial load to the shaft, simulating the actual load-bearing conditions of the rolling bearing under test to test its fatigue performance under preload. A temperature sensor monitors the real-time temperature change of the rolling bearing under test during shaft rotation, and an eddy current displacement sensor monitors the real-time axial and radial positions and rotational speed of the shaft. A controller is used to... The piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment component is used to adjust the preload of the tested rolling bearing to test its fatigue performance and service life under different preload conditions. The controller adjusts the applied load of the radial loading component and the axial loading component to test the fatigue performance of the tested rolling bearing under various preload conditions under alternating load conditions. This enables loading tests where both the preload and the test conditions are adjustable, and tests the effects of preload on rolling bearing temperature rise, wear, shaft vibration, and rotational speed. This provides reliable and effective test data support for the design of preload of rolling bearings in reducers for different application scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the rolling bearing preload test mechanism of this utility model.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the rolling bearing preload test mechanism.

[0015] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of the image.

[0016] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Another enlarged view of a specific area.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of three sets of piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment components mounted on the rear end cover.

[0018] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A sectional view.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the installation disk.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the thrust support block. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following is combined Figures 1-8 The embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below.

[0022] A rolling bearing preload loading test mechanism, mounted on a test platform, includes a support base 1, a rotating shaft 2 mounted in the support base 1 via the rolling bearing 100 under test, an axial loading assembly 3 for axial loading of the rotating shaft 2, a radial loading assembly 4 for radial loading of the rotating shaft 2, a motor 5 for rotating the rotating shaft 2, and a piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly 6 for adjusting the preload of the rolling bearing under test through the inverse piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly 6 is mounted in the support base 1 and abuts against the outer ring end face of the rolling bearing 100 under test. The rear end of the rotating shaft 2 extends out of the support base 1 and is connected to the motor 5, and the front end extends out of the support base 1 and is connected to the axial loading assembly 3. The radial loading assembly 4 extends radially into the axial loading assembly 3 along the rotating shaft. The support base 1 is equipped with a temperature sensor 7 in contact with the rolling bearing 100 under test and an eddy current displacement sensor 8 in contact with the rotating shaft 2. The axial loading assembly 3, the radial loading assembly 4, the motor 5, the piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly 6, the temperature sensor 7, and the eddy current displacement sensor 8 are electrically connected to a controller.

[0023] The above-described preload loading test mechanism for rolling bearings involves a rotating shaft 2 mounted on a support base 1 via the tested rolling bearing 100. A motor 5 drives the rotating shaft 2 to rotate. A piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment component 6 adjusts the preload of the tested rolling bearing 100. An axial loading component 3 applies an axial load to the rotating shaft 2, and a radial loading component 4 applies a radial load to the rotating shaft 2, simulating the actual load-bearing conditions of the tested rolling bearing to test the fatigue performance of the tested rolling bearing 100 under preload conditions. A temperature sensor 7 monitors the real-time temperature change of the tested rolling bearing 100 during the rotation of the rotating shaft 2, and an eddy current displacement sensor 8 monitors the real-time axial and radial displacement of the rotating shaft 2. The controller adjusts the preload of the tested rolling bearing 100 by controlling the extension and retraction of the piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment component 6 to test the fatigue performance and service life of the tested rolling bearing under different preload conditions. The controller also adjusts the applied load of the radial loading component 4 and the axial loading component 3 to test the fatigue performance of the tested rolling bearing under various preload conditions under alternating load conditions. This enables a loading test where both the preload and the test conditions are adjustable, and tests the effect of preload on the rolling bearing's temperature rise, wear, shaft vibration, and speed. This provides reliable and effective test data support for the design of preload of rolling bearings in reducers for different application scenarios.

[0024] The support base 1 includes a lower base 11 fixed to the test platform, an upper cover 12 fixed on the lower base 11, a front cover 13 and a rear cover 14. A cylindrical mounting cavity A is formed between the lower base 11 and the upper cover 12. The front cover 13 and the rear cover 14 respectively close the front and rear ends of the cylindrical mounting cavity A. The rolling bearing 100 is press-fitted into the cylindrical mounting cavity A. The rotating shaft 2 is press-fitted onto the rolling bearing 100 under test. The temperature sensor 7 is mounted on the upper cover 12. The eddy current displacement sensor 8 is mounted on the front cover 13. The front cover 13 is equipped with an oil nozzle 15 that can be connected to an oil pipe to lubricate the rolling bearing 100 under test. The lower base 11, upper cover 12, front cover 13, and rear cover 14 together form a sealed cylindrical mounting cavity A. The rolling bearing 100 under test and the rotating shaft 2 are assembled in the cylindrical mounting cavity A. The temperature sensor 13 on the upper cover 12 senses the real-time temperature of the rolling bearing 100 under test and transmits the sensed information to the controller to realize the monitoring of the temperature of the rolling bearing under test. The eddy current displacement sensor 8 on the front cover 13 senses the real-time axial and radial displacement and rotational speed of the rotating shaft 2 and transmits the sensed information to the controller to realize the monitoring of the axial, radial, and rotational speed of the rotating shaft. The oil injector 15 provides lubricating oil to the rolling bearing under test, so that the installation state and lubrication state of the rolling bearing under test are consistent with the actual operation process, thereby improving the reliability of the test.

[0025] The rotating shaft 2 has a positioning protrusion ring 21 in the middle. Two rolling bearings 100 are tested, each abutting against the positioning protrusion ring 21. Two positioning nuts 22 are mounted on the rotating shaft 2, positioning the two rolling bearings 100 between the positioning protrusion ring 21 and the positioning nuts 22. Two temperature sensors 7 are used, each contacting the outer ring of one of the rolling bearings 100. A piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly 6 is mounted on the rear end cover 14 and contacts the rear end face of the outer ring of one of the rolling bearings 100. (See attached...) Figure 3 As can be seen, the positioning convex ring 21 is clamped between the two tested rolling bearings 100, and the positioning nut 22 is tightened on the rotating shaft 2 and abuts against the tested rolling bearings 100. The two tested rolling bearings 100 are respectively clamped between the positioning nut 22 and the positioning convex ring 21, forming an axial positioning of the tested rolling bearings 100 and ensuring the stability of the tested rolling bearings 100.

[0026] The piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly 6 consists of three sets, which are evenly distributed circumferentially on the rear end cover 14. The piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly 6 includes a piezoelectric ceramic 61, a force sensor 62, and a preload spindle 63 that are in contact from back to front. The piezoelectric ceramic 61 rests against the rear end cover 14 and the electrical connection pin of the piezoelectric ceramic extends out of the rear end cover 14 and is electrically connected to the controller. A mounting plate 64 is fixed on the rear end cover 14. The mounting plate 64 has mounting holes 65 corresponding to the force sensor 62 and the preload spindle 63. The force sensor 62 and the preload spindle 63 are installed in the mounting holes 65. The preload spindle 63 extends out of the mounting hole 65 and contacts the rear end face of the outer ring of a rolling bearing 100 under test. The piezoelectric ceramic 61 rests against the rear end cover 14. The electrical connection pins of the piezoelectric ceramic 61 extend through the rear end cover 14 and are electrically connected to the controller. The controller energizes the piezoelectric ceramic 61, causing it to deform and elongate due to the inverse piezoelectric effect. This elongates the piezoelectric ceramic 61, pushing the force sensor 62 and the preload mandrel 63 against the outer ring of the rolling bearing under test, thus preloading the bearing. The controller adjusts the energizing time and voltage value of the piezoelectric ceramic 61 to regulate its deformation and elongation displacement, thereby adjusting the preload of the rolling bearing 100 under test. The force sensor 62 transmits the thrust generated by the deformation and elongation of the piezoelectric ceramic 61 to the preload mandrel 63 and simultaneously transmits a sensing signal to the controller, thus monitoring the preload of the rolling bearing 100 under test. The mounting plate 64 guides the force sensor 62 and the preload mandrel 63, ensuring that they only move with the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic 61, improving the accuracy and reliability of the preload adjustment of the rolling bearing 100 under test, thereby enhancing the reliability of the test. Three piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment components 6 are evenly distributed along the circumference, so that the tested rolling bearing 100 is uniformly preloaded along the circumference, ensuring the reliability of the preload of the tested rolling bearing 100.

[0027] The axial loading assembly 3 includes an axial loading seat 31 fixed on the test platform, an axial loading cylinder 32 mounted on the axial loading seat 31, a thrust support block 33 fixed on the test platform, and a pressurizing intermediate component 34 placed on the thrust support block 33. The pressurizing intermediate component 34 has a support hole 35 for the front end of the rotating shaft 2 to extend into. A support bearing 36 is press-fitted into the support hole 35, and the front end of the rotating shaft 2 is pressed into the support bearing 36. The rear end face of the inner ring of the support bearing 36 abuts against the shoulder on the rotating shaft 2. An axial pressure cover 37 is fixed to the front end of the pressurizing intermediate component 34. The axial pressure cover 37 extends into the support hole 35 and abuts against the front end face of the outer ring of the support bearing 36. The telescopic end of the axial loading cylinder 32 abuts against the axial pressure cover 37. Figure 3 As shown, the support bearing 36 is press-fitted into the support hole 35 of the pressure intermediate shaft 34. The front end of the rotating shaft 2 is pressed into the support bearing 36. The support bearing 36 abuts against the shoulder on the rotating shaft 2. The axial pressure cover 37 is fixed to the pressure intermediate component 34. When the axial loading cylinder 32 extends to apply axial pressure to the axial pressure cover 37, the axial pressure cover 37 transmits the axial pressure to the support bearing 36 through the pressure intermediate component 34. The support bearing 36 transmits the axial pressure to the rotating shaft 2, forming an axial load on the rotating shaft 2. By supporting the front end of the rotating shaft 2 with the support bearing 36, the application of axial load will not interfere with the high-speed rotation of the rotating shaft 2, thus improving the reliability of axial loading.

[0028] The thrust support block 33 has a limiting plate 38 that restricts the radial movement of the pressurizing intermediate component 34 along the rotating shaft 2. The radial loading assembly 4 includes a radial loading seat 41 fixed on the test platform and a radial loading cylinder 42 mounted on the radial loading seat 41. The telescopic end of the radial loading cylinder 42 extends radially into the support hole 35 and contacts the outer ring of the support bearing 36. When the radial loading cylinder 42 extends, it transmits the radial load to the rotating shaft 2 through the support bearing 36, forming a radial load on the rotating shaft 2. The limiting plate 38 restricts the radial movement of the pressurizing intermediate component 34 along the rotating shaft 2, preventing the radial loading cylinder 42 from pushing the pressurizing intermediate shaft 34 to move radially when loading, thus ensuring the reliability of the radial loading.

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model have been fully described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A rolling bearing preload test mechanism, mounted on a test platform, includes a support base, a rotating shaft assembled in the support base via the rolling bearing under test, an axial loading assembly for axial loading of the rotating shaft, a radial loading assembly for radial loading of the rotating shaft, a motor driving the rotating shaft to rotate, and a piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly for adjusting the preload of the rolling bearing under test through the inverse piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly is mounted in the support base and abuts against the outer ring end face of the rolling bearing under test. The rear end of the rotating shaft extends out of the support base and connects to the motor, and the front end extends out of the support base and connects to the axial loading assembly. The radial loading assembly extends radially into the axial loading assembly along the rotating shaft. The support base is equipped with a temperature sensor in contact with the rolling bearing under test and an eddy current displacement sensor in contact with the rotating shaft. The axial loading assembly, radial loading assembly, motor, piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly, temperature sensor, and eddy current displacement sensor are electrically connected to a controller.

2. The rolling bearing pre-load test mechanism of claim 1, wherein: The support base includes a lower base fixed to the test platform, an upper cover fixed to the lower base, a front cover, and a rear cover. A cylindrical mounting cavity is formed between the lower base and the upper cover. The front cover and the rear cover respectively close the front and rear ends of the cylindrical mounting cavity. The rolling bearing to be tested is press-fitted into the cylindrical mounting cavity. The rotating shaft is press-fitted onto the rolling bearing to be tested. The temperature sensor is mounted on the upper cover. The eddy current displacement sensor is mounted on the front cover. The front cover is equipped with an oil nozzle that can be connected to an oil pipe to lubricate the rolling bearing to be tested.

3. The rolling bearing pre-load test mechanism of claim 2, wherein: The rotating shaft has a positioning convex ring in the middle. There are two rolling bearings to be tested. The two rolling bearings to be tested abut against the positioning convex ring respectively. Two positioning nuts are installed on the rotating shaft to position the two rolling bearings to be tested between the positioning convex ring and the positioning nuts respectively. There are two temperature sensors. Each temperature sensor contacts the outer ring of one of the rolling bearings to be tested. The piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly is installed on the rear end cover and contacts the rear end face of the outer ring of one of the rolling bearings to be tested.

4. The rolling bearing pre-load test mechanism of claim 3, wherein: The piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly consists of three sets, evenly distributed circumferentially on the rear end cover. Each piezoelectric ceramic preload adjustment assembly includes a piezoelectric ceramic, a force sensor, and a preload mandrel that are sequentially contacted from back to front. The piezoelectric ceramic rests against the rear end cover, and its electrical connection pins protrude through the rear end cover and are electrically connected to the controller. A mounting plate is fixed on the rear end cover, and mounting holes corresponding to the force sensor and the preload mandrel are opened on the mounting plate. The force sensor and the preload mandrel are installed in the mounting holes, and the preload mandrel extends out of the mounting holes and contacts the rear end face of the outer ring of a rolling bearing under test.

5. The rolling bearing pre-load test mechanism of claim 1, wherein: The axial loading assembly includes an axial loading seat fixed on the test platform, an axial loading cylinder mounted on the axial loading seat, a thrust support block fixed on the test platform, and a pressurizing intermediate component placed on the thrust support block. The pressurizing intermediate component has a support hole for the front end of the rotating shaft to extend into. A support bearing is press-fitted into the support hole, and the front end of the rotating shaft is pressed into the support bearing. The rear end face of the inner ring of the support bearing abuts against the shoulder on the rotating shaft. An axial pressure cover is fixed to the front end of the pressurizing intermediate component. The axial pressure cover extends into the support hole and abuts against the front end face of the outer ring of the support bearing. The telescopic end of the axial loading cylinder abuts against the axial pressure cover.

6. The rolling bearing pre-load test mechanism of claim 5, wherein: The thrust support block has a limiting plate that restricts the pressure intermediate component from moving radially along the shaft. The radial loading assembly includes a radial loading seat fixed on the test platform and a radial loading cylinder mounted on the radial loading seat. The telescopic end of the radial loading cylinder extends radially into the support hole and contacts the outer ring of the support bearing.

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