Simple harmonic motion experimental instrument
By integrating the simple harmonic motion experiment with a spring oscillator and a simple pendulum, the problem of large equipment space occupation and cumbersome teaching in the existing technology has been solved, thereby improving teaching efficiency, the accuracy and visualization of experimental results, and expanding the application scope of the experimental instrument.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 范张弛
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-26
AI Technical Summary
In current physics experiment teaching, the spring oscillator experiment and the simple pendulum experiment require the use of different devices, which results in large equipment space occupation, high management costs, cumbersome teaching process, and difficulty for students to compare and analyze the two simple harmonic motion phenomena on the same platform, thus affecting the cultivation of comprehensive analytical ability.
A simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus was designed, which integrates the spring oscillator and pendulum experiments into one device. Through detachable connection and non-contact motion recording technology, combined with electromagnets, liquid spraying devices and timing devices, synchronous operation and automatic timing are achieved, improving the accuracy and visualization effect of the experiment.
The experimental teaching resources have been optimized, teaching efficiency has been improved, students can compare two simple harmonic motion phenomena on the same platform, the accuracy and visualization of the experiment have been enhanced, the application range of the experimental instrument has been expanded, and the maintenance cost of the equipment has been reduced.
Smart Images
Figure CN224287677U_ABST
Abstract
Description
[Technical Field]
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of physics experimental teaching aids, and in particular to a simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus. [Background Technology]
[0002] In the field of mechanics in physics, simple harmonic motion, as a fundamental and important form of motion, has crucial theoretical and practical significance. Currently, in physics experimental teaching, the study of simple harmonic motion is mainly carried out through two common experiments: the spring oscillator experiment and the simple pendulum experiment. The traditional spring oscillator experiment mainly consists of a spring, oscillator, support, and measuring instruments. Based on Hooke's law, it can demonstrate the simple harmonic motion characteristics of the oscillator, making it convenient for students to measure parameters such as the period and amplitude of the oscillation. The simple pendulum experiment includes components such as the pendulum string, pendulum bob, and support frame. Under small pendulum angles, the oscillation of the simple pendulum can be approximated as simple harmonic motion, and its period is related to the pendulum length and gravitational acceleration. Students can observe the oscillation by changing factors such as the pendulum length. However, current physics experiment teaching has shortcomings: these two experiments require different devices, resulting in large equipment space requirements and increased laboratory procurement and management costs; the teaching process is cumbersome, requiring teachers to provide separate guidance on setup and operation, which is time-consuming; furthermore, for students, because the two experimental devices are independent, it is difficult to compare and analyze two different forms of simple harmonic motion phenomena on the same experimental platform, thus limiting students' in-depth understanding of the essence and commonalities of simple harmonic motion and affecting the development of their comprehensive analytical abilities; therefore, there is an urgent need for a simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus that can integrate the spring oscillator and pendulum experiments to optimize experimental teaching resources, improve teaching efficiency, and meet the needs of modern physics experiment teaching. [Utility Model Content]
[0003] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus, including a base, a liquid spraying device, a bracket mounted on the base, and a paper feeding device mounted on the base. The bracket includes a horizontal bar and a first vertical bar and a second vertical bar mounted on opposite sides of the horizontal bar. A cycloid is mounted on the horizontal bar, and a pendulum ball is connected to the horizontal bar through the cycloid. The lowest point of the pendulum ball in its natural hanging state has a gap with the base. A spring is fixed to the first vertical bar. The spring is placed horizontally in its natural state, and one end of the spring is detachably connected to the pendulum ball. The liquid spraying device includes a water pump and a spray pipe. The opposite ends of the spray pipe are a liquid suction end and a liquid discharge end. The liquid suction end is connected to the water pump, and the liquid discharge end is fixedly connected to the pendulum ball.
[0004] Preferably, an electromagnet is provided on the second vertical rod, and the attraction end of the electromagnet is on the same circumference as the pendulum ball.
[0005] Preferably, a suspension rod is provided on the crossbar, and two cycloids are fixed on the suspension rod along the paper feeding direction of the paper feeding device. The cycloids are connected to the pendulum ball, and the two cycloids form an angle at the pendulum ball. The plane formed by the two cycloids is parallel to the paper feeding direction.
[0006] Preferably, the pendulum ball is provided with a perforation, and the nozzle passes through the perforation and is fixedly connected to the pendulum ball.
[0007] Preferably, the paper feeding device includes a rolling motor, the water pump and the rolling motor are controlled by a linkage switch, and the electromagnet and the linkage switch are controlled simultaneously by a dual-control switch.
[0008] Preferably, the simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus further includes a timing device, the pendulum is a metal pendulum, the timing device is equipped with a first electromagnetic switch, and the linkage switch is connected in series with a second electromagnetic switch to sense the magnetic field change of the pendulum.
[0009] Preferably, the first electromagnetic switch is connected in parallel with a limit switch, and the limit switch is linked with the linkage switch for control.
[0010] Preferably, the angle between the line connecting the adsorption end of the electromagnet and the suspension point of the pendulum ball and the vertical line is in the range of 5°-10°.
[0011] Preferably, the paper feeding device further includes two paper pressing rollers arranged along the paper feeding direction.
[0012] Preferably, a developing chamber is defined between the two paper pressing rollers, and the spraying range of the nozzle is within the developing chamber.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus of this invention has the following advantages:
[0014] 1. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model includes a base, a spraying device, a support mounted on the base, and a paper feeding device mounted on the base. The support includes a horizontal bar and a first vertical bar and a second vertical bar mounted on opposite sides of the horizontal bar. A cycloid is mounted on the horizontal bar, and a pendulum is connected to the horizontal bar via the cycloid. The lowest point of the pendulum in its natural hanging state has a gap with the base. A spring is fixed to the first vertical bar. The spring is placed horizontally in its natural state, and one end of the spring is detachably connected to the pendulum. The spraying device includes a water pump and a spray pipe. The opposite ends of the spray pipe are a suction end and a discharge end. The suction end is connected to the water pump, and the discharge end is fixedly connected to the pendulum. The spring oscillator is then placed on the base. The simple pendulum experiment is integrated into one device, which optimizes experimental teaching resources, improves teaching efficiency, and allows students to compare two simple harmonic motion phenomena on the same platform. This facilitates a deeper understanding of the essence and commonalities of simple harmonic motion and optimizes teaching effectiveness. Simultaneously, the detachable connection design allows for quick switching between spring oscillator and simple pendulum experiments, meeting different experimental needs, expanding the application range of the experimental instrument, and improving equipment utilization. Furthermore, the pendulum bob has a gap with the base, and during the spring oscillator experiment, the pendulum string still suspends the bob, keeping it suspended. The use of non-contact motion recording technology eliminates friction interference from traditional mechanical recording methods, resulting in more accurate experimental results.
[0015] 2. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model is equipped with an electromagnet on the second vertical rod, and the attraction end of the electromagnet is on the same circumference as the pendulum bob. The electromagnet is set up to provide the initial kinetic energy for the pendulum and spring vibration. The fact that the attraction end of the electromagnet is on the same circumference as the pendulum bob ensures that the pendulum string is always taut, ensuring that the pendulum bob performs a complete swing motion. This facilitates precise control of the initial position and release angle of the pendulum bob, improves the accuracy and repeatability of the experiment, and provides a reliable guarantee for the acquisition of experimental data.
[0016] 3. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model has a suspension rod on the crossbar. Two pendulums are fixed on the suspension rod along the paper feeding direction of the paper feeding device. The pendulums are connected to the pendulum bob. The two pendulums form an angle at the pendulum bob. The plane formed by the two pendulums is parallel to the paper feeding direction. This arrangement is to ensure that the pendulum bob swings strictly horizontally and makes stable reciprocating vibrations, so that it cannot perform circular motion, thereby improving the accuracy of the experiment.
[0017] 4. The pendulum bob of the simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model is provided with a perforation, and the nozzle passes through the perforation and is fixedly connected to the pendulum bob; the motion trajectory is developed by spraying liquid, which is more stable than the traditional hourglass development. The spraying device is connected to the pendulum bob, which can record the motion trajectory of the pendulum bob on the paper in real time, intuitively display the displacement-time relationship of simple harmonic motion, facilitate students to observe, analyze and study the motion law, and improve the visualization effect of the experiment.
[0018] 5. The spraying device and paper feeding device of the simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model include a water pump and a rolling motor, respectively. The water pump and the rolling motor are controlled by a linkage switch, and the electromagnet and the linkage switch are controlled by a double-control switch. This realizes that the motor operates when the electromagnet is de-energized, realizes the synchronous operation of spraying liquid and feeding paper, simplifies the experimental operation process, reduces human influence, and improves the coordination and accuracy of the experiment.
[0019] 6. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model also includes a timing device. The pendulum is a metal pendulum. The timing device is equipped with a first electromagnetic switch and a linkage switch connected in series with a second electromagnetic switch to sense the change in the magnetic field of the pendulum. The timing device works with the metal pendulum to realize automatic timing and stop timing by sensing the change in the magnetic field of the pendulum through the electromagnetic switch and the limit switch, accurately measuring the vibration period, reducing human timing errors, and improving the accuracy of experimental data.
[0020] 7. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model has a limit switch connected in parallel with the first electromagnetic switch, and the limit switch is linked with the linkage switch for control; when the water pump and the rolling motor are powered on, the timing device is automatically triggered to start timing, and the simple harmonic motion, development and timing are run synchronously, accurately measuring the vibration period, reducing human timing errors, improving the accuracy of experimental data, and the experiment can be paused at any time to retain instantaneous experimental results for easy quantitative analysis; at the same time, the various components such as the spraying device, the paper feeding device and the timing device work independently and collaboratively to form a modular design, which facilitates the assembly, debugging and maintenance of the experimental apparatus, reduces the maintenance cost and difficulty of the equipment, and improves the stability and service life of the equipment.
[0021] 8. The angle between the line connecting the electromagnet's adsorption end and the pendulum's suspension point to the vertical line in the simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model is 5°-10°; this ensures that the angle when the pendulum is released is appropriate, so that the motion of the spring oscillator is not excessively affected by the pendulum's oscillation during the spring oscillator experiment, avoiding experimental errors and safety hazards caused by excessive angles, and ensuring the safety and reliability of the experimental process.
[0022] 9. The paper feeding device of the simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model also includes two paper pressing rollers arranged along the paper feeding direction; the paper pressing rollers can press the paper flatly on the worktable, ensuring the stability of the paper during the paper feeding process, providing a good foundation for liquid spraying and recording, and improving the clarity and accuracy of the recording.
[0023] 10. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model defines a developing chamber between the two paper-pressing rollers, and the spraying range of the nozzle is within the developing chamber; so that the liquid is sprayed out only within the developing chamber and recorded on the paper, avoiding liquid splashing, and at the same time facilitating centralized observation and analysis of experimental phenomena. [Attached Image Description]
[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0025] Figure 1 This is a side view of the simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided in this embodiment of the utility model.
[0026] Figure 2 This is a front view of the simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided in this embodiment of the utility model.
[0027] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram and a pendulum diagram of the simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided in this embodiment of the utility model.
[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram:
[0029] 1. Simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus;
[0030] 10. Base; 11. Spraying device; 12. Support; 13. Paper feeding device; 14. Timing device; 15. Electromagnet; 16. Spring; 17. Pendulum ball; 18. Cycloidal line;
[0031] 110. Water pump; 111. Nozzle; 120. Horizontal bar; 121. First vertical bar; 122. Second vertical bar; 123. Hanging rod; 130. Rolling motor; 131. Paper pressing roller; 132. Developing chamber; 170. Perforation; 171. Hanging ear; 200. Linkage switch; 201. Double control switch; 202. First electromagnetic switch; 203. Second electromagnetic switch; 204. Limit switch;
[0032] 1100, suction end; 1101, discharge end.
Detailed Implementation Methods
[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model.
[0034] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly attached to the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is said to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.
[0035] In this invention, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "middle," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "longitudinal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this invention and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.
[0036] Furthermore, in addition to indicating direction or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in some cases to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.
[0037] Furthermore, the terms "installation," "setup," "equipped with," "connection," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two devices, components, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.
[0038] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus 1 provided in this embodiment of the present invention includes a base 10, a spraying device 11, a support 12 disposed on the base 10, and a paper feeding device 13 disposed on the base 10. The support 12 includes a horizontal bar 120 and a first vertical bar 121 and a second vertical bar 122 disposed on opposite sides of the horizontal bar 120. A cycloid 18 is disposed on the horizontal bar 120, and a pendulum ball 17 is connected to the horizontal bar 120 through the cycloid 18. The lowest point of the pendulum ball 17 in its natural hanging state has a gap with the base 10. A spring 16 is fixed to the first vertical bar 121. The spring 16 is placed horizontally in its natural state, and one end of the spring 16 is detachably connected to the pendulum ball 17. The spraying device 11 includes a water pump 110 and a spray pipe 111. The opposite ends of the spray pipe 111 are... The apparatus consists of a suction end 1100 and a discharge end 1101. The suction end 1100 is connected to the water pump 110, and the discharge end 1101 is fixedly connected to the pendulum bob 17. Integrating the spring oscillator experiment and the simple pendulum experiment into one device optimizes experimental teaching resources, improves teaching efficiency, and facilitates students' comparison of two simple harmonic motion phenomena on the same platform. This helps to deepen their understanding of the essence and commonalities of simple harmonic motion and optimizes teaching effectiveness. Furthermore, the detachable connection design allows for quick switching between the spring oscillator experiment and the simple pendulum experiment, meeting different experimental needs, expanding the application range of the experimental instrument, and improving equipment utilization. The pendulum bob 17 has a gap with the base 10, employing non-contact motion recording technology to eliminate frictional interference from traditional mechanical recording methods, resulting in more accurate experimental results.
[0039] Furthermore, an electromagnet 15 is installed on the second vertical rod 122, with the attraction end of the electromagnet 15 on the same circumference as the pendulum bob 17. The electromagnet 15 is installed to provide the initial kinetic energy for the pendulum and spring oscillation. The fact that the attraction end of the electromagnet 15 is on the same circumference as the pendulum bob 17 ensures that the pendulum string 18 is always taut, guaranteeing that the pendulum bob 17 performs a complete swing motion. This facilitates precise control of the initial position and release angle of the pendulum bob 17, improves the accuracy and repeatability of the experiment, and provides a reliable guarantee for the acquisition of experimental data.
[0040] Specifically, the pendulum 17 is provided with a lug 171. When conducting the spring oscillator experiment, the spring 16 is connected to the lug 171, the electromagnet 15 is turned on, the pendulum 17 is pulled to magnetically connect with the electromagnet 15, and then the electromagnet 15 is released to conduct the spring oscillator experiment. Understandably, in order to reduce the influence of the weight of the pendulum 17 itself on the experimental results in the spring oscillator experiment, the pendulum 17 adopts a hollow structure to reduce the weight of the pendulum 17.
[0041] Furthermore, a suspension rod 123 is provided on the crossbar 120. At least two cycloids 18 are fixed on the suspension rod 123 along the paper feeding direction of the paper feeding device 13. The cycloids 18 are connected to the pendulum ball 17. The plane formed by the two cycloids 18 is parallel to the paper feeding direction. This arrangement is to ensure that the pendulum ball 17 swings strictly horizontally and performs stable reciprocating vibration, so that it cannot perform circular motion, thereby improving the accuracy of the experiment.
[0042] Furthermore, the pendulum 17 is provided with a perforation 170, and the nozzle 111 passes through the perforation 170 and is fixedly connected to the pendulum 17. The motion trajectory is developed by spraying liquid, which is more stable than the traditional hourglass development. The spraying device 11 is connected to the pendulum 17 and can record the motion trajectory of the pendulum 17 on the paper in real time, intuitively displaying the displacement-time relationship of simple harmonic motion, which is convenient for students to observe, analyze and study the motion law and improve the visualization effect of the experiment.
[0043] Specifically, in order to obtain better development results, thermal paper was used as the developing paper in the experiment, and the liquid in the spray device was diluted alcohol. After the diluted alcohol dissolves the adhesive layer on the thermal paper, the motion trajectory can be developed quickly. After this operation, compared with other ink development, even if the liquid fades after a long time, the experimental results can still be retained on the experimental paper, which is convenient for long-term preservation.
[0044] Optionally, by installing other components on the vertical rod, it can be further extended to advanced experiments such as forced vibration and damped vibration.
[0045] Furthermore, please combine Figure 3 The spraying device 11 and the paper feeding device 13 respectively include a water pump 110 and a rolling motor 130. The water pump 110 and the rolling motor 130 are controlled by a linkage switch 200, and the electromagnet 15 and the linkage switch 200 are controlled by a double-control switch 201. This enables the motor to operate when the electromagnet 15 is de-energized, achieving synchronous operation of spraying and paper feeding, simplifying the experimental operation process, reducing human influence, and improving the coordination and accuracy of the experiment.
[0046] Furthermore, the simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus 1 provided in this embodiment of the present invention also includes a timing device 14. The pendulum 17 is a metal pendulum. The timing device 14 is equipped with a first electromagnetic switch 202 and a linkage switch 200 connected in series with a second electromagnetic switch 203 to sense the magnetic field change of the pendulum 17. The timing device 14, in conjunction with the metal pendulum, senses the magnetic field change of the pendulum 17 through the electromagnetic switch and the limit switch to realize automatic timing and stop timing, accurately measure the vibration period, reduce human timing errors, and improve the accuracy of experimental data.
[0047] Furthermore, a limit switch 204 is connected in parallel with the first electromagnetic switch 202, and the limit switch 204 is linked with the linkage switch 200 for control. When the water pump 110 and the rolling motor 130 are powered on, the timing device 14 is automatically triggered to start timing. The simple harmonic motion, development and timing are operated synchronously, accurately measuring the vibration period, reducing human timing errors, improving the accuracy of experimental data, and the experiment can be paused at any time to retain instantaneous experimental results for easy quantitative analysis. At the same time, the various components such as the spray device 11, the paper feeding device 13 and the timing device 14 work independently and collaboratively, forming a modular design, which facilitates the assembly, debugging and maintenance of the experimental instrument, reduces the maintenance cost and difficulty of the equipment, and improves the stability and service life of the equipment.
[0048] Specifically, before the experiment, the double-control switch 201 is connected to the circuit containing the electromagnet 15, and the electromagnet 15 attracts the pendulum ball. When the experiment begins, the double-control switch 201 is turned on by the linkage switch 200, and the water pump 110 and the rolling motor 130 start working simultaneously, that is, the spraying device 11 and the paper feeding device 13 start working. Since the linkage switch 200 and the limit switch 204 are linked, when the linkage switch 200 is turned on, the limit switch 204 is also turned on, and at this time the timing device 14 also starts working, and the experiment officially begins. The pendulum 17 is a metal pendulum, which generates a magnetic field change during vibration. The first electromagnetic switch 202 and the second electromagnetic switch 203 are in the on state when they sense the vibration of the pendulum 17. When the range of magnetic field change decreases to a certain range, that is, when the vibration state of the pendulum 17 is about to end, the first electromagnetic switch 202 and the second electromagnetic switch 203 are automatically disconnected, and the water pump 110, the rolling motor 130 and the timing device 14 stop working at the same time. The experimental data is recorded, and the experimental results are verified according to the mathematical expression of simple harmonic motion. The experiment ends.
[0049] Further, please refer to Figure 2 The angle α between the line connecting the adsorption end of the electromagnet 15 and the suspension point of the pendulum 17 and the vertical line is in the range of 5°-10°, preferably 5°. The limitation of the angle is to ensure that the angle when the pendulum 17 is released is appropriate, so that the motion of the spring oscillator is not affected too much by the pendulum swing when conducting the spring oscillator experiment, avoiding experimental errors and safety hazards caused by excessive angle, and ensuring the safety and reliability of the experimental process.
[0050] For details, please refer to Figure 2 In order to further reduce the influence of the pendulum string 18 on the pendulum bob 17 in the spring oscillator experiment, the central axis L of the spring 16 is parallel to the position of the upper tangent of the pendulum bob 17 when it is at rest.
[0051] Furthermore, the paper feeding device 13 also includes two paper pressing rollers 131 arranged along the paper feeding direction; the paper pressing rollers 131 can press the paper flatly on the worktable, ensuring the stability of the paper during the paper feeding process, providing a good foundation for liquid spraying recording, and improving the clarity and accuracy of the recording.
[0052] Furthermore, a developing chamber 132 is defined between the two paper pressing rollers 131, and the spraying range of the nozzle 111 is within the developing chamber 132; this ensures that the liquid is sprayed out only within the developing chamber 132 and recorded on the paper, avoiding liquid splashing, and at the same time facilitating centralized observation and analysis of experimental phenomena.
[0053] Compared with the prior art, the simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus of this invention has the following advantages:
[0054] The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model includes a base, a liquid spraying device, a support mounted on the base, and a paper feeding device mounted on the base. The support includes a horizontal bar and a first vertical bar and a second vertical bar mounted on opposite sides of the horizontal bar. A cycloid is mounted on the horizontal bar, and a pendulum is connected to the horizontal bar via the cycloid. The lowest point of the pendulum in its natural hanging state has a gap with the base. A spring is fixed to the first vertical bar, and the spring is horizontally positioned in its natural state. One end of the spring is detachably connected to the pendulum. The liquid spraying device includes a water pump and a spray pipe. The opposite ends of the spray pipe are a suction end and a discharge end. The suction end is connected to the water pump, and the discharge end is fixedly connected to the pendulum. The apparatus is used for spring oscillator experiments. Integrating the simple pendulum experiment into a single device optimizes experimental teaching resources, improves teaching efficiency, and facilitates students' comparison of two simple harmonic motion phenomena on the same platform. This helps to deepen their understanding of the essence and commonalities of simple harmonic motion and optimizes teaching effectiveness. Simultaneously, the detachable connection design allows for quick switching between spring oscillator and simple pendulum experiments, meeting different experimental needs, expanding the application range of the experimental instrument, and improving equipment utilization. Furthermore, the gap between the pendulum bob and the base, coupled with the fact that the pendulum string still suspends the bob during the spring oscillator experiment, allows for non-contact motion recording technology, eliminating frictional interference from traditional mechanical recording methods and resulting in more accurate experimental results.
[0055] 2. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model is equipped with an electromagnet on the second vertical rod, and the attraction end of the electromagnet is on the same circumference as the pendulum bob. The electromagnet is set up to provide the initial kinetic energy for the pendulum and spring vibration. The fact that the attraction end of the electromagnet is on the same circumference as the pendulum bob ensures that the pendulum string is always taut, ensuring that the pendulum bob performs a complete swing motion. This facilitates precise control of the initial position and release angle of the pendulum bob, improves the accuracy and repeatability of the experiment, and provides a reliable guarantee for the acquisition of experimental data.
[0056] 3. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model has a suspension rod on the crossbar. Two pendulums are fixed on the suspension rod along the paper feeding direction of the paper feeding device. The pendulums are connected to the pendulum bob. The two pendulums form an angle at the pendulum bob. The plane formed by the two pendulums is parallel to the paper feeding direction. This arrangement is to ensure that the pendulum bob swings strictly horizontally and makes stable reciprocating vibrations, so that it cannot perform circular motion, thereby improving the accuracy of the experiment.
[0057] 4. The pendulum bob of the simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model is provided with a perforation, and the nozzle passes through the perforation and is fixedly connected to the pendulum bob; the motion trajectory is developed by spraying liquid, which is more stable than the traditional hourglass development. The spraying device is connected to the pendulum bob, which can record the motion trajectory of the pendulum bob on the paper in real time, intuitively display the displacement-time relationship of simple harmonic motion, facilitate students to observe, analyze and study the motion law, and improve the visualization effect of the experiment.
[0058] 5. The spraying device and paper feeding device of the simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model include a water pump and a rolling motor, respectively. The water pump and the rolling motor are controlled by a linkage switch, and the electromagnet and the linkage switch are controlled by a double-control switch. This realizes that the motor operates when the electromagnet is de-energized, realizes the synchronous operation of spraying liquid and feeding paper, simplifies the experimental operation process, reduces human influence, and improves the coordination and accuracy of the experiment.
[0059] 6. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model also includes a timing device. The pendulum is a metal pendulum. The timing device is equipped with a first electromagnetic switch and a linkage switch connected in series with a second electromagnetic switch to sense the change in the magnetic field of the pendulum. The timing device works with the metal pendulum to realize automatic timing and stop timing by sensing the change in the magnetic field of the pendulum through the electromagnetic switch and the limit switch, accurately measuring the vibration period, reducing human timing errors, and improving the accuracy of experimental data.
[0060] 7. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model has a limit switch connected in parallel with the first electromagnetic switch, and the limit switch is linked with the linkage switch for control; when the water pump and the rolling motor are powered on, the timing device is automatically triggered to start timing, and the simple harmonic motion, development and timing are run synchronously, accurately measuring the vibration period, reducing human timing errors, improving the accuracy of experimental data, and the experiment can be paused at any time to retain instantaneous experimental results for easy quantitative analysis; at the same time, the various components such as the spraying device, the paper feeding device and the timing device work independently and collaboratively to form a modular design, which facilitates the assembly, debugging and maintenance of the experimental apparatus, reduces the maintenance cost and difficulty of the equipment, and improves the stability and service life of the equipment.
[0061] 8. The angle between the line connecting the electromagnet's adsorption end and the pendulum's suspension point to the vertical line in the simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model is 5°-10°; this ensures that the angle when the pendulum is released is appropriate, so that the motion of the spring oscillator is not excessively affected by the pendulum's oscillation during the spring oscillator experiment, avoiding experimental errors and safety hazards caused by excessive angles, and ensuring the safety and reliability of the experimental process.
[0062] 9. The paper feeding device of the simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model also includes two paper pressing rollers arranged along the paper feeding direction; the paper pressing rollers can press the paper flatly on the worktable, ensuring the stability of the paper during the paper feeding process, providing a good foundation for liquid spraying and recording, and improving the clarity and accuracy of the recording.
[0063] 10. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus provided by this utility model defines a developing chamber between the two paper-pressing rollers, and the spraying range of the nozzle is within the developing chamber; so that the liquid is sprayed out only within the developing chamber and recorded on the paper, avoiding liquid splashing, and at the same time facilitating centralized observation and analysis of experimental phenomena.
[0064] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus, characterized in that: The device includes a base, a spraying device, a bracket mounted on the base, and a paper feeding device mounted on the base. The bracket includes a crossbar and a first vertical bar and a second vertical bar mounted on opposite sides of the crossbar. A cycloid is mounted on the crossbar, and a pendulum ball is connected to the crossbar via the cycloid. The lowest point of the pendulum ball in its natural hanging state has a gap with the base. A spring is fixed to the first vertical bar, and the spring is kept horizontal in its natural state. One end of the spring is detachably connected to the pendulum ball. The spraying device includes a water pump and a spray pipe. The opposite ends of the spray pipe are a suction end and a discharge end. The suction end is connected to the water pump, and the discharge end is fixedly connected to the pendulum ball.
2. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: An electromagnet is provided on the second vertical rod, and the attraction end of the electromagnet is on the same circumference as the pendulum ball.
3. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: A suspension rod is provided on the crossbar, and two cycloids are fixed on the suspension rod along the paper feeding direction of the paper feeding device. The cycloids are connected to the pendulum ball, and the two cycloids form an angle at the pendulum ball. The plane formed by the two cycloids is parallel to the paper feeding direction.
4. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pendulum ball is provided with a perforation, and the nozzle passes through the perforation and is fixedly connected to the pendulum ball.
5. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The paper feeding device includes a rolling motor. The water pump and the rolling motor are controlled by a linkage switch, and the electromagnet and the linkage switch are controlled simultaneously by a double-control switch.
6. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus also includes a timing device. The pendulum is a metal pendulum. The timing device is equipped with a first electromagnetic switch, and the linkage switch is connected in series with a second electromagnetic switch to sense changes in the magnetic field of the pendulum.
7. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first electromagnetic switch is connected in parallel with a limit switch, and the limit switch is linked with the linkage switch for control.
8. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle between the line connecting the adsorption end of the electromagnet and the suspension point of the pendulum ball and the vertical line is in the range of 5°-10°.
9. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: The paper feeding device also includes two paper pressing rollers arranged along the paper feeding direction.
10. The simple harmonic motion experimental apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that: A developing chamber is defined between the two paper pressing rollers, and the spraying range of the nozzle is within the developing chamber.