A high gain antenna applicable to a UAV terminal

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of wireless communication technology and discloses a high-gain antenna applicable to UAV terminals. It includes a substrate one, a feed line at the top of the substrate one, a metal ground plane at the bottom of the substrate one, a metal via hole one inside the metal ground plane, a metal layer one at the bottom of the metal ground plane, a substrate two at the bottom of the metal layer one, a plurality of metal via holes two inside the substrate two, and a metal layer two at the bottom of the substrate two. In this utility model, through the cooperation of substrate one, feed line, metal ground plane, metal via hole one, substrate two, metal layer one, metal layer two, square slot, and metal via hole two, a high gain of 13.93dBi can be achieved at a center frequency of 5.2GHz, resulting in an attenuation rate of <20% over 1km. This improves the communication quality and operational reliability of UAVs, effectively solves the problem of long-distance communication, and significantly enhances the communication quality and operational reliability of UAVs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a high-gain antenna that can be applied to unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) terminals. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of drone technology, its applications in surveying, inspection, rescue, and agricultural plant protection are becoming increasingly widespread. Stable and reliable communication connections are crucial for drones to achieve precise control, real-time data transmission, and safe flight. As a key component for signal transmission and reception between drones and ground control systems and other equipment, the antenna's performance parameters directly determine the drone's communication distance, data transmission rate, anti-interference capability, and operational stability. A high-gain antenna applicable to drone terminals can effectively improve signal radiation intensity and receiving sensitivity, providing solid communication support for efficient drone operations in long-distance and complex environments, and is of great significance for expanding the application scenarios of drones.

[0003] In existing technologies, the antennas commonly used in UAV terminals mainly include omnidirectional antennas, parabolic antennas, and patch antennas. Ordinary omnidirectional antennas usually adopt a symmetrical dipole structure. Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, they radiate electromagnetic waves in all directions of space through the electromagnetic field generated by the alternating current in the conductor, achieving 360-degree omnidirectional signal coverage. Traditional high-gain parabolic antennas consist of a parabolic reflector and a feed source. Their technical principle is based on the reflection and focusing of electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source are reflected by the parabolic reflector to form a parallel beam, thereby enhancing the signal strength in a specific direction. Patch antennas are mostly made of metal patches fabricated on the surface of a dielectric substrate. They are fed by microstrip lines and generate radiation through electromagnetic coupling between the metal patch and the ground plane. With their thin and light structural characteristics, they are suitable for small devices.

[0004] In existing technologies, ordinary omnidirectional antennas have low gain (usually below 3dBi), resulting in signal attenuation of more than 50% at a distance of 1km, and the data transmission rate drops significantly to below 10Mbps, which is difficult to meet the high data transmission quality requirements of UAVs for long-distance communication. Therefore, a high-gain antenna that can be applied to UAV terminals is proposed to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] To overcome the above shortcomings, this utility model provides a high-gain antenna that can be applied to UAV terminals, aiming to improve the problem of low gain and low data transmission rate caused by signal attenuation of more than 50% at a distance of 1km in the existing technology of ordinary omnidirectional antennas.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A high-gain antenna applicable to unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) terminals includes a substrate one, a feed line disposed on the top of the substrate one, a metal ground plane disposed on the bottom of the substrate one, a metal via one disposed inside the metal ground plane, a metal layer one disposed at the bottom of the metal ground plane, a substrate two disposed at the bottom of the metal layer one, a plurality of metal via two disposed inside the substrate two, a metal layer two disposed at the bottom of the substrate two, and a plurality of square slots disposed inside both the metal layer one and the metal layer two.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0009] The feed line is a microstrip line with a width of 4.4 mm.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0011] The metal floor is made of copper foil with a thickness of 35μm. It has a window in the center with a size of 19mm×6.5mm. The metal via penetrates the substrate and has a radius of 0.585mm, which is used to connect the feeder to the metal floor.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0013] Both the first metal layer and the second metal layer are made of copper foil with a thickness of 35μm. There are a total of 8 square grooves, of which 4 have a side length of 22mm and the other 4 have a side length of 38mm, and they are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the center of the first metal layer and the second metal layer.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0015] The second metal via penetrates the second substrate, has a radius of 0.585 mm, a spacing of 5 mm, and is arranged in an array to connect the first metal layer and the second metal layer.

[0016] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0017] The first substrate has dimensions of 160mm in length, 200mm in width, and 1.524mm in thickness, while the second substrate has dimensions of 144mm in length, 150mm in width, and 1.6mm in thickness.

[0018] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] In this invention, by combining substrate one, feed line, metal ground plane, metal via one with substrate two, metal layer one, metal layer two, square slot, and metal via two, a high gain of 13.93dBi can be achieved at a center frequency of 5.2GHz, resulting in an attenuation rate of <20% over 1km. This improves the communication quality and operational reliability of UAVs, effectively solves the problem of long-distance communication, and significantly enhances the communication quality and operational reliability of UAVs. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a high-gain antenna applicable to UAV terminals proposed in this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 An exploded view of a high-gain antenna applicable to UAV terminals proposed in this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a metal ground plane for a high-gain antenna that can be applied to a drone terminal, as proposed in this utility model.

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second substrate of a high-gain antenna that can be applied to a drone terminal according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second metal layer of a high-gain antenna that can be applied to a drone terminal, as proposed in this utility model.

[0027] Legend:

[0028] 1. Substrate 1; 2. Feed line; 3. Metal ground plane; 4. Metal via 1; 5. Metal layer 1; 6. Substrate 2; 7. Square slot; 8. Metal layer 2; 9. Metal via 2. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 7 This utility model provides an embodiment of a high-gain antenna applicable to UAV terminals, comprising a substrate 1, a feed line 2 on the top of substrate 1 for stable transmission of radio frequency signals, serving as a key interface for connection between the antenna and external circuits, a metal ground plane 3 at the bottom of substrate 1, and metal vias 4 formed inside the metal ground plane 3 to form a complete current path, ensuring efficient signal transmission from the feed line 2 to the metal ground plane 3, a metal layer 5 at the bottom of the metal ground plane 3, a substrate 6 at the bottom of the metal layer 5, multiple metal vias 9 inside the substrate 6, and a metal layer 8 at the bottom of the substrate 6. Multiple square slots 7 are formed inside both the metal layer 5 and the metal layer 8. The feed line 2 is a microstrip line with a width of 4.4 mm. The metal ground plane 3 is made of copper foil with a thickness of 35 μm and has a window at its center measuring 19 mm × 6.5 mm. 4. A through-substrate 1 with a radius of 0.585mm is used to connect feed line 2 and metal ground plane 3. Metal layer 5 and metal layer 8 are both made of copper foil with a thickness of 35μm. There are 8 square slots 7, 4 of which have a side length of 22mm and the other 4 have a side length of 38mm. They are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the center of metal layer 5 and metal layer 8, which can effectively excite electromagnetic waves and optimize radiation characteristics. Metal via 9 penetrates through substrate 6 with a radius of 0.585mm and a spacing of 5mm in an array. It is used to connect metal layer 5 and metal layer 8. The overall array is regularly distributed. Its two ends are connected to metal layer 5 and metal layer 8 respectively, forming a stable electromagnetic coupling structure, which further improves signal radiation efficiency. The dimensions of substrate 1 are 160mm long, 200mm wide and 1.524mm thick. The dimensions of substrate 6 are 144mm long, 150mm wide and 1.6mm thick.

[0031] Working principle: When using this high-gain antenna applicable to UAV terminals, the radio frequency signal is first input through feeder 2 and then transmitted to metal ground plane 3 through metal via 4 to form an initial electromagnetic signal. At the same time, metal layer 5 and metal layer 8 form a current path through metal via 9 to improve radiation efficiency. Square slot 7 excites electromagnetic waves and couples with the signal of metal ground plane 3. Substrate 1 and substrate 2 6 optimize the electromagnetic field distribution through the combination of dual dielectric substrates to achieve directional radiation. Finally, at a center frequency of 5.2 GHz, a highly efficient and concentrated electromagnetic wave radiation is formed, achieving a high gain of 13.93 dBi, which meets the requirements of UAV long-distance communication for signal strength and stability.

[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A high-gain antenna applicable to unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) terminals, comprising a substrate (1), characterized in that: The substrate 1 (1) has a feed line (2) on its top and a metal floor (3) on its bottom. The metal floor (3) has a metal via (4) inside it. The metal floor (3) has a metal layer (5) at its bottom and a substrate 2 (6) at its bottom. The substrate 2 (6) has multiple metal vias (9) inside it and a metal layer (8) at its bottom. Both the metal layer 1 (5) and the metal layer 2 (8) have multiple square slots (7) inside them.

2. A high-gain antenna applicable to UAV terminals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed line (2) is a microstrip line with a width of 4.4 mm.

3. A high-gain antenna applicable to UAV terminals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal floor (3) is made of copper foil with a thickness of 35μm. It has a window in the center with a size of 19mm×6.5mm. The metal via (4) penetrates the substrate (1) with a radius of 0.585mm and is used to connect the feed line (2) and the metal floor (3).

4. A high-gain antenna applicable to UAV terminals according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first metal layer (5) and the second metal layer (8) are made of copper foil with a thickness of 35 μm. There are a total of 8 square grooves (7), of which 4 have a side length of 22 mm and the other 4 have a side length of 38 mm, and they are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the center of the first metal layer (5) and the second metal layer (8).

5. A high-gain antenna applicable to UAV terminals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second metal via (9) penetrates the second substrate (6), has a radius of 0.585 mm, a spacing of 5 mm, and is distributed in an array, and is used to connect the first metal layer (5) and the second metal layer (8).

6. A high-gain antenna applicable to UAV terminals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dimensions of the first substrate (1) are 160mm in length, 200mm in width, and 1.524mm in thickness, and the dimensions of the second substrate (6) are 144mm in length, 150mm in width, and 1.6mm in thickness.

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