A soot blowing device for improving the efficiency of a heat exchanger of a fluidized bed incinerator for special waste

Abstract

This utility model relates to a soot blowing device for improving the efficiency of heat exchangers in fluidized bed incinerators for special waste. It includes a fluidized bed incinerator body with a dense phase combustion chamber and a dilute phase combustion chamber. The flue gas output channel of the fluidized bed incinerator body is equipped with an upper drum, a lower drum, and a convection tube bundle connecting the upper and lower drums. A gas pulse soot blower is positioned on the flue gas output channel directly opposite the convection tube bundle. The gas pulse soot blower is connected to a gas mixer via a pipeline. The input end of the gas mixer is connected to the output end of an acetylene cylinder and the output end of a compressed air tank, respectively. The combustible gas ejected by the gas pulse soot blower intermittently ignites and deflagrates to dislodge fly ash adhering to the convection tube bundle. This soot blowing device is rationally designed and facilitates the cleaning of accumulated ash and coke on the convection tube bundle connecting the upper and lower drums, ensuring the heat exchange efficiency of the incinerator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a soot blowing device for improving the efficiency of heat exchangers in fluidized bed incinerators for special waste. Background Technology

[0002] Fluidized bed incinerators have been extended to the field of waste incineration due to their characteristics of complete combustion and low nitrogen oxide emissions, thus leading to the development of special waste fluidized bed incinerators.

[0003] In the design of fluidized bed incinerators for special waste, the high-temperature flue gas generated during combustion heats the superheater tubes and the convection tubes of the upper and lower boiler drums after passing through an inclined plane, producing superheated steam. To increase the heating area and improve heat exchange efficiency, the spacing between the superheater tubes or the convection tubes of the upper and lower boiler drums is generally designed to be small. However, in actual operation, because the flue gas generated during waste incineration contains a large amount of ash, too small a spacing between the superheater tubes and convection tubes can easily lead to ash accumulation and coking, preventing the flue gas from passing smoothly through the tube bundle, affecting the heat exchange efficiency of the incinerator and causing the boiler to malfunction.

[0004] The currently retrieved Chinese patent "Waste Incinerator and Incineration Method" (publication number CN116146994A) includes a furnace chamber. The four walls of the furnace chamber are constructed of refractory bricks to form a double combustion chamber structure. The top of the combustion chamber is an arched dome made of high-alumina cement. The two combustion chambers are connected by a flue gas throat. A heat exchange device is fixed inside the second combustion chamber. The convection tube bundle of the heat exchange device is divided into a multi-pass flue gas flow channel by a partition wall. This patent cannot clean the ash and coking on the convection tube bundle, and cannot ensure the heat exchange efficiency of the incinerator. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to propose a soot blowing device for improving the efficiency of heat exchangers in fluidized bed incinerators for special waste. The soot blowing device for improving the efficiency of heat exchangers in fluidized bed incinerators for special waste is reasonably designed and is conducive to cleaning the accumulated ash and coke on the convection tube bundle connecting the upper and lower drums, thus ensuring the heat exchange efficiency of the incinerator.

[0006] This utility model is implemented using the following solution.

[0007] This utility model relates to a soot blowing device for improving the efficiency of heat exchangers in fluidized bed incinerators for special waste. The device is characterized by comprising a fluidized bed incinerator body having a dense phase combustion chamber and a dilute phase combustion chamber. An upper drum, a lower drum, and a convection tube bundle connecting the upper and lower drums are provided on the flue gas output channel of the fluidized bed incinerator body. A gas pulse soot blower is positioned on the flue gas output channel directly opposite the convection tube bundle. The gas pulse soot blower is connected to a gas mixer via a pipeline. The input end of the gas mixer is connected to the output end of an acetylene cylinder and the output end of a compressed air tank, respectively. The combustible gas ejected by the gas pulse soot blower intermittently ignites and detonates, thereby shaking off the fly ash adhering to the convection tube bundle.

[0008] Preferably, the fluidized bed incinerator body comprises, from top to bottom, an upper cylindrical section, a lower conical section, and a reduced-diameter cylindrical section connected in sequence. An air distribution plate and an air cap on the air distribution plate are provided at the junction of the lower conical section and the reduced-diameter cylindrical section. A primary air input pipe is provided on the side of the reduced-diameter cylindrical section to form a primary air chamber in the reduced-diameter cylindrical section, a dense phase combustion chamber in the conical section, and a dilute phase combustion chamber in the upper cylindrical section.

[0009] Preferably, the output end of the gas mixer is connected to a branch pipe extending into the dilute phase zone of the combustion chamber.

[0010] Preferably, the flue gas output channel includes a horizontal front section, a vertical section, and a horizontal rear section. The front end of the horizontal front section is connected to the flue gas outlet of the fluidized bed incinerator body, the rear end of the horizontal front section is connected to the upper left part of the vertical section, and the upper right part of the vertical section is connected to the front end of the horizontal rear section.

[0011] Preferably, the upper boiler drum is located at the top of the vertical section, the lower boiler drum is located at the bottom of the vertical section, and the convection tube bundle is vertically located between the upper boiler drum and the lower boiler drum.

[0012] Preferably, the convection tube bundle comprises multiple parallel, spaced-apart tubes.

[0013] Preferably, a superheater tube bundle is provided on the aforementioned horizontal front section.

[0014] The working principle of this utility model for improving the efficiency of heat exchangers in fluidized bed incinerators for special waste is as follows: Waste enters the dense phase zone of the combustion chamber of the incinerator and is burned under the action of primary air. The generated flue gas enters the dilute phase zone of the subsequent combustion chamber, is heated, and then enters the flue gas output channel. When ash or coke accumulates on the convection tube bundle, a gas pulse soot blower is installed in the flue gas output channel directly opposite the convection tube bundle. The combustible gas (acetylene from the acetylene cylinder and compressed air from the compressed air tank) sprayed by the gas pulse soot blower enters the flue gas output channel and is intermittently ignited and deflagrated. The deflagration shock wave shakes off the fly ash attached to the convection tube bundle connecting the upper and lower drums, thereby facilitating the cleaning of ash and coke accumulated on the convection tube bundle connecting the upper and lower drums and ensuring the heat exchange efficiency of the incinerator. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings;

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of one embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] This utility model relates to a soot blowing device for improving the efficiency of heat exchangers in a fluidized bed incinerator for special waste. The device includes a fluidized bed incinerator body 3 with a dense phase zone 1 and a dilute phase zone 2 within the combustion chamber. An upper drum 5, a lower drum 6, and a convection tube bundle 7 (comprising multiple parallel, spaced tubes) connecting the upper and lower drums are provided on the flue gas output channel 4. A gas pulse soot blower K is positioned on the flue gas output channel 4 directly opposite the convection tube bundle. The gas pulse soot blower K is connected to a gas mixer 8 via a pipeline. The input end of the gas mixer 8 is connected to the output end of the acetylene cylinder 9 and the output end of the compressed air tank 10, respectively. The acetylene in the acetylene cylinder 9 and the air in the compressed air tank 10 are mixed by the gas mixer 8 and delivered to the gas pulse soot blower K (the gas pulse soot blower K is a commercially available component that can be intermittently ignited to ignite the acetylene). After the combustible gas sprayed into the flue gas output channel 4 through the gas pulse soot blower is intermittently ignited and deflagrated, the shock wave generated by the deflagration can shake off the fly ash attached to the convection tube bundle 7.

[0020] The fluidized bed incinerator body comprises, from top to bottom, an upper cylindrical section 11, a lower conical section 12, and a reduced-diameter cylindrical section 13 connected in sequence. At the junction of the lower conical section and the reduced-diameter cylindrical section, an air distribution plate 14 and an air cap 15 are provided on the air distribution plate 14. A primary air input pipe 16 is provided on the side of the reduced-diameter cylindrical section to form a primary air chamber in the reduced-diameter cylindrical section, a dense phase zone 1 of the combustion chamber in the conical section, and a dilute phase zone 2 of the combustion chamber in the upper cylindrical section.

[0021] A branch pipe 17 extending into the dilute phase zone of the combustion chamber is connected to the output end of the gas mixer 8. The branch pipe 17 also injects combustible gas into the dilute phase zone of the combustion chamber to further burn the flue gas, etc.

[0022] The flue gas output channel 4 includes a horizontal front section 401, a vertical section 402, and a horizontal rear section 403. The front end of the horizontal front section 401 is connected to the flue gas outlet of the fluidized bed incinerator body 3, the rear end of the horizontal front section is connected to the upper left part of the vertical section 402, and the upper right part of the vertical section is connected to the front end of the horizontal rear section 403. The upper drum 5 is located at the top of the vertical section, and the lower drum 6 is located at the bottom of the vertical section. The convection tube bundle 7 is vertically arranged between the upper drum and the lower drum. When fly ash adheres to the tubes on the convection tube bundle 7, the tubes can be shaken off by the shock wave generated by the deflagration.

[0023] The aforementioned horizontal front section is equipped with a superheater tube bundle 18. When fly ash adheres to the tubes of the superheater tube bundle 18, they can also be shaken off by the shock wave generated by the deflagration.

[0024] The working principle of this utility model for improving the efficiency of heat exchangers in fluidized bed incinerators for special waste is as follows: Waste enters the dense phase zone of the combustion chamber of the incinerator and is burned under the action of primary air. The generated flue gas enters the dilute phase zone of the subsequent combustion chamber, is heated, and then enters the flue gas output channel. When ash or coke accumulates on the convection tube bundle, a gas pulse soot blower is installed in the flue gas output channel directly opposite the convection tube bundle. The combustible gas (acetylene from the acetylene cylinder and compressed air from the compressed air tank) sprayed by the gas pulse soot blower enters the flue gas output channel and is intermittently ignited and deflagrated. The deflagration shock wave shakes off the fly ash attached to the convection tube bundle connecting the upper and lower drums, thereby facilitating the cleaning of ash and coke accumulated on the convection tube bundle connecting the upper and lower drums and ensuring the heat exchange efficiency of the incinerator.

[0025] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and not to limit it; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of this utility model or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solution of this utility model, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solution claimed by this utility model.

Claims

1. A soot blowing device for improving the efficiency of heat exchangers in fluidized bed incinerators for special waste, characterized in that: The fluidized bed incinerator body includes a dense phase combustion chamber and a dilute phase combustion chamber. The flue gas output channel of the fluidized bed incinerator body is provided with an upper drum, a lower drum, and a convection tube bundle connecting the upper drum and the lower drum. A gas pulse soot blower is provided on the flue gas output channel directly opposite the convection tube bundle. The gas pulse soot blower is connected to a gas mixer through a pipeline. The input end of the gas mixer is connected to the output end of an acetylene cylinder and the output end of a compressed air tank, respectively. The combustible gas sprayed by the gas pulse soot blower intermittently ignites and deflagrates to shake off the fly ash adhering to the convection tube bundle.

2. The soot blowing device for improving the efficiency of heat exchangers in fluidized bed incinerators for special waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluidized bed incinerator body comprises, from top to bottom, an upper cylindrical section, a lower conical section, and a reduced-diameter cylindrical section connected in sequence. An air distribution plate and an air cap on the air distribution plate are provided at the junction of the lower conical section and the reduced-diameter cylindrical section. A primary air input pipe is provided on the side of the reduced-diameter cylindrical section to form a primary air chamber in the reduced-diameter cylindrical section, a dense phase combustion chamber in the conical section, and a dilute phase combustion chamber in the upper cylindrical section.

3. The soot blowing device for improving the efficiency of heat exchangers in fluidized bed incinerators for special waste according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The output end of the gas mixer is connected to a branch pipe that extends into the dilute phase zone of the combustion chamber.

4. The soot blowing device for improving the efficiency of heat exchangers in fluidized bed incinerators for special waste according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The flue gas output channel includes a horizontal front section, a vertical section, and a horizontal rear section. The front end of the horizontal front section is connected to the flue gas outlet of the fluidized bed incinerator body, the rear end of the horizontal front section is connected to the upper left part of the vertical section, and the upper right part of the vertical section is connected to the front end of the horizontal rear section.

5. The soot blowing device for improving the efficiency of heat exchangers in fluidized bed incinerators for special waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper boiler drum is located at the top of the vertical section, the lower boiler drum is located at the bottom of the vertical section, and the convection tube bundle is vertically located between the upper and lower boiler drums.

6. The soot blowing device for improving the efficiency of heat exchangers in fluidized bed incinerators for special waste according to claim 5, characterized in that: The convection tube bundle comprises multiple parallel, spaced-apart tubes.

7. The soot blowing device for improving the efficiency of heat exchangers in fluidized bed incinerators for special waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The horizontal front section is equipped with a superheater tube bundle.

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