Combined V-shaped anvil convenient to disassemble

Abstract

The utility model relates to a combined V-shaped anvil convenient to dismount, belong to stainless steel forming technical field, including the symmetrical arrangement of lower anvil and upper anvil of up and down, the symmetrical multistage wedge assembly of detachable connection can have on the width direction of lower anvil and upper anvil along the drill plate of lower anvil and upper anvil, the drill plate of lower anvil and upper anvil is equipped with multiple fixed bolt holes of cooperation with multistage wedge assembly, adopt layered movable slope V-shaped anvil, through the dismounting of layered slope structure, realize the quick conversion of flat anvil and V-shaped anvil, realize the function of alternating upsetting and lengthening process, avoid V-shaped anvil long time to receive lateral compression stress simultaneously, realized the width adjustment of V-shaped cavity, adopt layered combination, the V-shaped anvil combination of convenient is disassembled, reduce the artificial labor intensity, improve production efficiency, adopt combined multistage wedge assembly, can satisfy the lengthening demand of different size bar.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of stainless steel forming technology, and relates to a modular V-shaped anvil that is easy to assemble and disassemble, and particularly to a forging anvil for free forging of 316H stainless steel. Background Technology

[0002] 316H stainless steel is a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel. Due to its excellent high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and good mechanical properties, it is widely used in key basic components of Generation IV nuclear power plants, such as reactor pressure vessels and steam generator piping. In the nuclear power field, 316H stainless steel forgings need to meet strict requirements for grain size, microstructure uniformity, and mechanical properties to ensure long-term stable operation under high-temperature, high-pressure, and strong radiation environments.

[0003] Free forging, a conventional method of metal plastic processing, applies pressure to metal using upper and lower anvils, causing plastic deformation to achieve the target dimensions and microstructure. Traditional forging anvils are mostly flat anvils, suitable for various deformation methods such as upsetting and drawing. However, due to their large contact area with the metal and strong surface friction, they easily lead to severe deformation of the surface metal, while the core suffers from insufficient triaxial compressive stress, forming a "deformation dead zone." This non-uniform stress distribution not only affects the microstructure uniformity of the forging but may also lead to grain coarsening, thus affecting the material's mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. To overcome the limitations of flat anvil forging, existing technologies often employ multi-stage upsetting and drawing operations or riveting forging. However, these methods are not only cumbersome and have long production cycles but may also lead to repeated heating of the billet, increasing microstructure inhomogeneity and the risk of cracking. Multiple forgings and repeated remelting can also cause grain coarsening, further affecting the material's properties. In contrast, the V-shaped anvil, as a new type of forging die, can effectively improve the stress distribution of metal and enhance the deformation effect of the core through its unique inclined surface design, thereby improving the microstructure uniformity and mechanical properties of the forging.

[0004] However, existing V-shaped anvils are mostly fixed structures, which cannot flexibly adapt to the elongation requirements of bars of different sizes. Furthermore, they need to be replaced with flat anvils in the upsetting process, which increases equipment costs and operational complexity. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, in order to solve the problems that existing V-shaped anvils are mostly fixed structures and cannot adapt to the elongation requirements of bars of different sizes, and that the need to replace the flat anvil in the upsetting process increases the complexity of operation, this utility model provides a modular V-shaped anvil that is easy to assemble and disassemble.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A modular V-shaped anvil that is easy to assemble and disassemble includes a lower anvil seat and an upper anvil seat arranged symmetrically. The drill plates of the lower and upper anvil seats are detachably connected with symmetrical multi-stage wedge components along the width direction of the lower and upper anvil seats. The drill plates of the lower and upper anvil seats are provided with multiple fixing bolt holes that cooperate with the multi-stage wedge components.

[0008] Furthermore, the multi-stage wedge assembly includes a primary base wedge block, a secondary adjustment wedge block, and a tertiary extension wedge block, with the three wedge blocks forming a stepped assembly structure through combined threaded holes.

[0009] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the primary foundation wedge block is provided with a through hole corresponding to the fixing bolt hole. The same Φ20mm high-strength bolt is inserted into the through hole and the fixing bolt hole. The rigid connection between the primary foundation wedge block and the lower anvil is achieved by the Φ20mm high-strength bolt (material 42CrMo, tensile strength ≥1100MPa).

[0010] Furthermore, the same M16 adjusting bolt (preload torque 120-150 N·m) is inserted into the combined threaded hole corresponding to the secondary adjusting wedge block and the tertiary extended wedge block, and the lateral displacement adjustment of ±15 mm is achieved by adjusting the bolt.

[0011] Furthermore, the multi-stage wedge assembly features a self-locking inclined surface (8°±0.2° inclination) between the wedge blocks, combined with a gradient hardness design (HRC58-60 on the working surface / HRC42-45 in the core), which increases tool life by 2.3 times.

[0012] Furthermore, the lower and upper anvils are stacked together to form a standard V-shaped forging cavity with an opening angle of 120°±0.5°. The depth of the standard V-shaped forging cavity can be extended in three stages by combining multiple wedge components, thus constructing three different V-shaped cavity modes.

[0013] Furthermore, the three different V-cavity modes are as follows: Single-stage mode: only a single-stage basic wedge block is installed, with a cavity depth of 80mm; Two-stage mode: in the single-stage mode, a second-stage adjusting wedge block is superimposed on the first-stage basic wedge block, with a cavity depth of 160mm; Three-stage mode: in the two-stage mode, a third-stage extended wedge block is installed on the second-stage adjusting wedge block, with a cavity depth of 240mm. The V-cavity width is adjusted by the lateral displacement of the wedge blocks, with an adjustment range of 20-120mm and an adjustment accuracy of ±1mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the fixing bolt holes are distributed in a matrix pattern.

[0015] Furthermore, through multi-level wedge components, the upsetting mode and the elongation mode can be adjusted, specifically: Upsetting mode: disassemble the multi-level wedge components, the drill plates of the upper and lower anvils form a planar forging area with an equivalent contact area ≥0.8m², which is suitable for upsetting billets below Φ300mm; Elongation mode: for small-sized forgings (Φ≤150mm): assemble a first-level basic wedge block and a second-level adjusting wedge block, and achieve 20-50mm cavity width matching through lateral displacement adjustment; for large-sized forgings (Φ>150mm): add a third-level extended wedge block (5), combined with longitudinal multi-hole fixing technology, to achieve 50-120mm continuous cavity width adjustment, which is suitable for forging diameter errors ≤±2%.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0017] 1. The present invention discloses a modular V-shaped anvil that is easy to assemble and disassemble. It adopts a layered movable inclined V-shaped anvil. By disassembling the layered inclined structure, the flat anvil and V-shaped anvil can be quickly switched, realizing the function of alternating upsetting and drawing processes. At the same time, it avoids the V-shaped anvil from being subjected to lateral compressive stress for a long time, which would cause the whole to crack and be scrapped.

[0018] 2. The modular V-shaped anvil disclosed in this utility model is easy to assemble and disassemble. It realizes the adjustment of the V-shaped cavity width through a multi-stage wedge assembly consisting of a primary basic wedge block, a secondary adjusting wedge block, and a tertiary extending wedge block. The modular design of the V-shaped anvil into a series of anvils with different opening depths saves tooling costs and facilitates production. The layered combination facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the V-shaped anvil, reduces manual labor intensity, and improves production efficiency.

[0019] 3. The modular V-shaped anvil disclosed in this utility model is easy to assemble and disassemble. It adopts a modular multi-stage wedge assembly, which can meet the drawing requirements of bars of different sizes. By adopting a modular design, the working surface of the V-shaped anvil can be replaced with heat-resistant steel or heat-resistant alloy anvil blocks, which not only extends the service life of the anvil but also reduces the cost of tooling.

[0020] 4. The modular V-shaped anvil disclosed in this utility model is easy to assemble and disassemble. It uses a composite fastening system consisting of Φ20mm high-strength bolts and M16 adjusting bolts. Finite element analysis has verified that it can withstand a dynamic impact load of 60MPa (the limit load of traditional anvils is 40MPa).

[0021] Other advantages, objectives, and features of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination and study, or may be learned from practice of this invention. The objectives and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the preferred embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a modular V-shaped anvil with an easily detachable upper anvil seat according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure with the multi-stage wedge components removed;

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Assembly diagram of the lower anvil and multi-stage wedge assembly;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a flat anvil mode of a modular V-shaped anvil that is easy to assemble and disassemble in this embodiment;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a modular V-shaped anvil that is easy to assemble and disassemble for small-sized forgings according to this embodiment.

[0028] Attached reference numerals: 1. Lower drill base; 2. Fixed bolt hole; 3. Primary foundation wedge block; 4. Secondary adjusting wedge block; 5. Tertiary expansion wedge block; 6. Combined threaded hole. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this utility model. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. This utility model can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this utility model. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this utility model. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] like Figures 1-2The diagram shows a modular V-shaped anvil that is easy to assemble and disassemble. It includes a lower anvil seat 1 and an upper anvil seat symmetrically arranged. The upper anvil seat has the same structure as the lower anvil seat 1, but is not shown. Symmetrical multi-stage wedge-shaped components are detachably connected to the drill plates of both the lower and upper anvil seats along their width direction. After the wedge blocks are installed, the upper and lower anvil seats form a V-shaped structure, suitable for bar drawing processes. The slope height of the wedge blocks can be adjusted according to the bar size and forging process requirements to ensure uniform metal flow and sufficient core deformation. By moving the wedge blocks, the shape and size of the V-shaped opening can be changed to adapt to the drawing requirements of bars with different diameters.

[0032] The lower anvil 1 and the upper anvil 1 have matrix-distributed fixing bolt holes 2 on their drill plates.

[0033] The lower anvil 1 and the upper anvil 1 have three rows and five columns of standard holes arranged along the longitudinal direction of the anvil body on the drilling plate. The hole spacing tolerance is ±0.1mm and the spacing between adjacent hole groups is 30mm.

[0034] The multi-stage wedge assembly consists of a primary base wedge block 3, a secondary adjusting wedge block 4, and a tertiary extending wedge block 5. The wedge blocks are connected by combined threaded holes 6 to form a stepped assembly structure. (Refer to...) Figure 3 The bottom surface of the primary base wedge block 3 has a through hole corresponding to the fixing bolt hole 2. A Φ20mm high-strength bolt (material 42CrMo, tensile strength ≥1100MPa) is inserted into both the through hole and the fixing bolt hole 2, achieving a rigid connection between the primary base wedge block 3 and the lower anvil 1. The secondary adjusting wedge block 4 and the tertiary extended wedge block 5 have corresponding threaded holes 6, each with a Φ16 adjusting bolt (preload torque 120-150N•m), allowing for ±15mm lateral displacement adjustment. The multi-stage wedge assembly features self-locking inclined surfaces (8°±0.2° angle) between the wedge blocks, combined with a gradient hardness design (working surface HRC58-60 / core HRC42-45), increasing tool life by 2.3 times.

[0035] V-shaped cavity construction: The lower anvil 1 and upper anvil are stacked together to form a standard V-shaped forging cavity, consisting of a primary base wedge block 3, a secondary adjusting wedge block 4, and a tertiary expanding wedge block 5. The opening angle is 120°±0.5°. The cavity depth of the standard V-shaped forging cavity can be extended in three stages through the combination of multiple wedge components, creating three different V-shaped cavity modes. Specifically: Single-stage mode: only the primary base wedge block 3 is installed, cavity depth 80mm; Two-stage mode: in the single-stage mode, the secondary adjusting wedge block 4 is superimposed on the primary base wedge block 3, cavity depth 160mm; Three-stage mode: in the two-stage mode, the tertiary expanding wedge block 5 is installed on the secondary adjusting wedge block 4, cavity depth 240mm. The V-shaped cavity width is adjusted by the lateral displacement of the wedge blocks, with an adjustment range of 20-120mm and an adjustment accuracy of ±1mm.

[0036] Specific working mode:

[0037] The upsetting and drawing modes are adjusted through multi-level wedge components, specifically as follows:

[0038] Reference Figure 4 Upsetting mode: Disassemble the multi-stage wedge assembly, and the drill plates of the upper and lower anvils form a planar forging zone with an equivalent contact area of ​​≥0.8m², which is suitable for upsetting billets with a diameter of Φ300mm or less.

[0039] Lengthening mode:

[0040] Reference Figure 5 Small-sized forgings (Φ≤150mm): Equip with primary basic wedge block 3 and secondary adjusting wedge block 4, and achieve cavity width matching of 20-50mm through lateral displacement adjustment.

[0041] Large-size forgings (Φ>150mm): Add three-stage expansion wedge blocks 5, combined with longitudinal multi-hole fixing technology, to achieve continuous cavity width adjustment of 50-120mm, and adapt to forging diameter error ≤±2%.

[0042] The modular wedge block quick-change system overcomes the limitations of traditional single-function anvils: through the directional combination of detachable wedge blocks, seamless switching between "flat anvil mode" and "V-shaped anvil mode" can be completed within 5-10 minutes, solving the problem of long tooling change times in traditional processes (reducing downtime by 70%-80%), and simultaneously meeting the needs of multiple processes such as drawing, upsetting, and hole enlargement. Furthermore, an innovative slide rail layered linkage mechanism enables dynamic adjustment of anvil cavity parameters.

[0043] By moving the layered wedge blocks, the depth of the V-groove can be systematically adjusted, achieving "multi-purpose use of one anvil"; the inclined layered structure combined with hydraulic dynamic compensation technology improves the stress uniformity of the forging deformation zone by 35%-45%, effectively reduces folding and cracking defects, increases the yield by 20%-30%, and extends the mold life by 15%-20%.

[0044] This embodiment achieves a 18%-22% improvement in the uniformity of metal flow during the forging drawing process, a core deformation adequacy of over 92% (compared to 78%-85% for traditional anvils), and a 30%-40% increase in overall forging efficiency through the above-mentioned technical solution.

[0045] This method for designing a modular V-shaped anvil that is easy to assemble and disassemble includes the following steps:

[0046] S1. Determine the total width L of the cutting board: for large slabs with a thickness of 80-200mm, the width of the flat cutting board is 500-700mm.

[0047] S2. Determine the included angle θ of the V-shape.

[0048] Specifically:

[0049] S21. Determine the forging material based on the plasticity, deformation resistance and other properties of 316H stainless steel: 316H stainless steel belongs to austenitic stainless steel, which has good plasticity and toughness, but its carbon content is high. Therefore, sufficient deformation needs to be considered during forging to ensure the closure of internal defects.

[0050] S21. Based on experience or formulas, initially select the range of the included angle θ (e.g., 90°~120°).

[0051] Based on forging process requirements: For the drawing process, the V-anvil angle θ is typically selected between 75° and 90°, which helps improve forging efficiency while ensuring uniform metal flow. For the upsetting process, the angle can be appropriately increased to 90° to 120° to reduce forging force and ensure smooth metal deformation.

[0052] Based on practical experience: In actual production, the selection of the included angle of the V-shaped anvil must also be considered in conjunction with the specific size and shape of the forging. For large forgings, a larger included angle (such as 120°) is usually selected to accommodate larger deformation requirements.

[0053] S23. Perform finite element simulation on the included angle initially selected in step S22 to analyze material flow and stress distribution, and find the optimal value of the included angle θ:

[0054] Specifically, it includes:

[0055] S231. Create the geometric model of the V-shaped anvil and the billet, and input the material properties of 316H stainless steel.

[0056] S232. Mesh the material, set constraints and stress conditions, define contact relationships, and use the geometric model created in step S231 to simulate and analyze material flow, stress distribution, and mold stress.

[0057] S233. Optimize the included angle θ through result evaluation.

[0058] S3. Determine the maximum depth D of the V-shaped anvil.

[0059] Based on its material properties, 316H stainless steel has good plasticity and is suitable for larger depths (D).

[0060] Specifically:

[0061] S31. Empirical formula for calculating the depth D of the V-shaped anvil:

[0062]

[0063] Where: H0 is the initial height of the slab, and k is an empirical coefficient, usually taken as 0.4-0.6, the specific value of which depends on the material properties and forging process requirements.

[0064] S32. Determine the empirical coefficient k and calculate the V-shaped anvil depth.

[0065] For 316H stainless steel, due to its good plasticity, a larger k value can be selected, such as k=0.5.

[0066] S4. Determine the total length B and height H of the anvil: The total length of the anvil can be selected according to the size of the product to be forged, that is, the total length of the anvil should be greater than the widest possible product width; the height of the anvil is determined by the equipment operator based on the overall structural strength of the anvil, and the height of the anvil should be greater than the height of the material, and a value of 300mm to 600mm is recommended.

[0067] S5. Based on S1 to S4, the final working structure of the forging anvil can be uniquely determined, and the working surfaces of the upper and lower anvils have the same structure.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that a quick-locking device is used instead of bolts to achieve quick loading and unloading of the multi-stage wedge assembly.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of this technical solution, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A modular V-shaped anvil that is easy to assemble and disassemble, characterized in that, It includes a lower anvil and an upper anvil arranged symmetrically. The drill plates of the lower and upper anvils are detachably connected with symmetrical multi-stage wedge components along the width direction of the lower and upper anvils. The drill plates of the lower and upper anvils are provided with multiple fixing bolt holes that cooperate with the multi-stage wedge components.

2. The modular V-shaped anvil as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-stage wedge assembly includes a primary basic wedge block, a secondary adjusting wedge block, and a tertiary extended wedge block. The three wedge blocks are connected by a series of threaded holes to form a stepped assembly structure.

3. The modular V-shaped anvil that is easy to assemble and disassemble as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom surface of the primary foundation wedge block has a through hole corresponding to the fixing bolt hole, and the same Φ20mm high-strength bolt is inserted into both the through hole and the fixing bolt hole.

4. The modular V-shaped anvil that is easy to assemble and disassemble as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The same M16 adjusting bolt is inserted into the combined threaded hole corresponding to the secondary adjusting wedge block and the tertiary extended wedge block.

5. A modular V-shaped anvil that is easy to assemble and disassemble as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The multi-stage wedge assembly has a self-locking inclined surface with an inclination angle of 8°±0.2 between the wedge blocks.

6. The modular V-shaped anvil as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The lower and upper anvils are stacked together to form a V-shaped forging cavity with an opening angle of 120°±0.5°. The depth of the V-shaped forging cavity is expanded in three stages through the combination of multi-stage wedge components, thus constructing three different V-shaped cavity modes.

7. A modular V-shaped anvil that is easy to assemble and disassemble as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The three different V-cavity modes are as follows: Single-stage mode: only a primary basic wedge block is installed, with a cavity depth of 80mm; Two-stage mode: in the single-stage mode, a secondary adjusting wedge block is superimposed on the primary basic wedge block, with a cavity depth of 160mm; Three-stage mode: in the two-stage mode, a tertiary extended wedge block is installed on the secondary adjusting wedge block, with a cavity depth of 240mm. The width of the V-cavity is adjusted by the lateral displacement of the wedge block, with an adjustment range of 20-120mm and an adjustment accuracy of ±1mm.

8. The modular V-shaped anvil that is easy to assemble and disassemble as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing bolt holes are arranged in a matrix.

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