Support mechanism and anchoring device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of coal mine roadway construction equipment, especially relates to a supporting mechanism and anchor device, the supporting mechanism provided by the utility model embodiment, including support body, support body has the first surface and the second surface of opposite setting, the middle part of support body is provided with the through hole, the through hole connects the first surface and the second surface for the anchor rod to pass through, wherein, the first surface is used for abutting with the limiting assembly on the anchor rod, the second surface is used for abutting with the country rock, the supporting mechanism provided by the utility model embodiment can adapt to different broken depth, is convenient for the field installation and has good supporting effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of coal mine roadway construction equipment, and in particular to a support mechanism and anchoring device. Background Technology

[0002] Rock bolt support is one of the main methods of support in coal mine roadways. Existing rock bolt support technology typically uses a set of components such as rock bolts, support plates, and nuts for installation and fixation. In practical applications, due to the complex surrounding rock conditions in coal mine roadways, localized fracturing often occurs, preventing the support plate from making close contact with the intact surrounding rock surface. This results in excessively long exposed lengths of the rock bolts, affecting the support effect.

[0003] Currently, the main solutions to the above problems are as follows: one is to fill the space between the pallet and the surrounding rock with cement mortar, and the other is to use extended pallets instead of ordinary pallets. However, these solutions have obvious drawbacks: filling with cement mortar is not only cumbersome to construct, but also requires waiting for the mortar to solidify, which prolongs the construction time; while using extended pallets, because the pallet is a whole metal structure, cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the depth of the surrounding rock fracture, has poor adaptability, and is heavy, making it inconvenient for construction personnel to operate.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a support mechanism that can adapt to different rock fracture depths, is easy to install on site, and has a good support effect, in order to solve the problem of exposed anchor bolts caused by rock fracture during roadway anchor bolt support. Utility Model Content

[0005] This utility model provides a support mechanism and anchoring device. The support mechanism can adapt to different fracture depths, is easy to install on site, and has a good support effect.

[0006] In a first aspect, this utility model provides a support mechanism, including: a support body having a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, a through hole being provided in the middle of the support body, the through hole connecting the first surface and the second surface for an anchor rod to pass through; wherein, the first surface is used to abut against a limiting component on the anchor rod, and the second surface is used to abut against the surrounding rock.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the support body is a detachable structure, including at least two sub-units that are detachably connected along the extension direction of the through hole; a positioning connection structure is provided between adjacent sub-units.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the positioning connection structure includes: an annular protrusion disposed on the bottom surface of the upper sub-unit; an annular groove disposed on the top surface of the lower sub-unit and cooperating with the annular protrusion; the mating surfaces of the annular protrusion and the annular groove are inclined.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the inner wall of the through hole is provided with axially extending reinforcing ribs; the reinforcing ribs are evenly distributed along the circumference of the through hole; the cross-section of the reinforcing ribs is triangular, and its base is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the through hole.

[0010] In one possible implementation, both the first and second surfaces are provided with anti-slip textures; the anti-slip textures include multiple radially distributed raised ridges, with groove structures formed between adjacent raised ridges.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the support body is made of high-strength engineering plastic; the compressive strength of the high-strength engineering plastic is not less than 80 MPa.

[0012] Secondly, this utility model embodiment provides an anchoring device, including: an anchor rod having an anchoring section and a threaded section; a limiting component including a tray, a self-aligning ball washer and a nut, which are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the anchor rod; and the aforementioned support mechanism, wherein the anchor rod passes through a through hole and the tray abuts against a first surface.

[0013] In one possible implementation, an anti-rotation structure is provided between the tray and the first surface; the anti-rotation structure includes a plurality of circumferentially distributed bosses provided on the first surface and a groove provided on the bottom surface of the tray that mates with the bosses.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the diameter of the through hole is adapted to the outer diameter of the anchor rod; the two ends of the through hole are provided with chamfered structures with an inclination angle of 30°-45°.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the center of the tray has a through hole coaxial with the through hole; the edge of the through hole has a reinforcing flange extending toward the nut.

[0016] The support mechanism and anchoring device provided by this utility model form a stable support structure during anchor tension by sleeved support body onto anchor rod, with the first surface abutting against the limiting component on the anchor rod and the second surface abutting against the surrounding rock. When local fracturing occurs in the surrounding rock, the support body is placed at the fractured area, with its second surface contacting the intact surrounding rock surface, while the first surface provides support for the support plate. During anchor rod tensioning, the support body bears and transmits the pressure applied by the anchor rod, distributing the pressure evenly across the intact surrounding rock surface. This structural design effectively fills the gaps in the fractured area, provides a stable support surface for the support plate, adapts to different fracture depths, facilitates on-site installation, and provides excellent support. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an anchoring device provided by this utility model in the support state.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of three different specifications of support bodies provided by this utility model.

[0020] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the connection between the support body and the tray provided by this utility model.

[0021] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A structural diagram from another angle.

[0022] Figure label:

[0023] a. Surrounding rock;

[0024] 1. Support body; 11. First surface; 111. Boss; 12. Second surface; 13. Through hole; 131. Reinforcing rib; 14. Sub-unit; 15. Positioning connection structure; 151. Annular protrusion; 152. Annular groove;

[0025] 2. Anchor bolts;

[0026] 3. Limiting component; 31. Tray; 311. Groove; 312. Reinforcing flange; 32. Self-aligning ball pad; 33. Nut. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0028] The following is combined Figure 1-4The present invention provides a support mechanism, comprising: a support body 1 having a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 disposed opposite to each other; a through hole 13 is provided in the middle of the support body 1, the through hole 13 connecting the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 for an anchor rod 2 to pass through; wherein, the first surface 11 is used to abut against the limiting component 3 on the anchor rod 2, and the second surface 12 is used to abut against the surrounding rock.

[0029] In this embodiment of the invention, by fitting the support body 1 onto the anchor rod 2, and arranging the first surface 11 in contact with the limiting component 3 on the anchor rod 2 and the second surface 12 in contact with the surrounding rock, a stable support structure is formed when the anchor rod 2 is tensioned. When the surrounding rock is locally fractured, the support body 1 is placed at the fractured area, with its second surface 12 in contact with the intact surrounding rock surface, while the first surface 11 provides support for the tray 31. During the tensioning process of the anchor rod 2, the support body 1 bears and transmits the pressure applied by the anchor rod 2, ensuring that the pressure is evenly distributed on the intact surrounding rock surface. This structural design effectively fills the gaps in the fractured area, provides a stable support surface for the tray 31, can adapt to different fracture depths, is easy to install on-site, and has a good support effect.

[0030] Specifically, this support mechanism, through a through hole 13 on the support body 1, and with the first surface 11 abutting against the limiting component 3 on the anchor rod 2 and the second surface 12 abutting against the surrounding rock, effectively solves the problem of excessive exposed length of the anchor rod 2 due to surrounding rock fracturing during the installation of the anchor rod 2 in the roadway. In practical applications, when the surrounding rock in the roadway is locally fractured, this support mechanism can fill the gaps in the fractured area, providing a stable support surface for the tray 31. Because the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 are arranged opposite each other, under the tension of the anchor rod 2, the support body 1 can simultaneously apply support force to the limiting component 3 and the surrounding rock, forming a stable anchoring structure. Furthermore, the through hole 13 connecting the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 ensures the continuity of force on the anchor rod 2 and avoids stress concentration. In the process of coal mine roadway support, this structural design can adapt to different degrees of surrounding rock fracturing, effectively ensuring the anchoring quality of the anchor rod 2.

[0031] In some embodiments, the support body 1 is a detachable structure, including at least two sub-units 14 that are detachably connected along the extension direction of the through hole 13; a positioning connection structure 15 is provided between adjacent sub-units 14.

[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, the support body 1 adopts a detachable connection structure along the extension direction of the through hole 13, giving the device good adaptability and practicality. In practical applications, the total height of the support body 1 can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of sub-units 14 according to the different depths of surrounding rock fracturing. For example, when the surrounding rock fracturing depth is 50mm, one sub-unit 14 can be used; when the fracturing depth reaches 100mm, two sub-units 14 can be connected, and so on. This detachable structure not only facilitates transportation and storage but also allows for flexible assembly according to on-site requirements, improving the versatility of the device. In addition, the positioning connection structure 15 ensures the reliability of the connection between the sub-units 14, preventing relative displacement or rotation during use.

[0033] Optional, such as Figure 2 As shown, the support body 1 is a cuboid with a central borehole. The width of this cuboid is 100×100mm, 120×120mm, and 150×150mm, and the heights are 30mm, 60mm, 90mm, and 120mm respectively. The diameter of the through hole 13 is 32mm. Depending on the depth of rock fracturing at the anchor bolt 2 borehole, support bodies 1 of different heights are used. The support body 1 is placed under the tray 31, replacing the surrounding rock and reducing the exposed length of the anchor bolt 2. Furthermore, different sizes of support bodies 1 can be used to match the dimensions of the tray 31.

[0034] In some embodiments, the positioning connection structure 15 includes: an annular protrusion 151 disposed on the bottom surface of the upper subunit 14; an annular groove 152 disposed on the top surface of the lower subunit 14 and cooperating with the annular protrusion 151; the mating surfaces of the annular protrusion 151 and the annular groove 152 are inclined.

[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, a mating structure consisting of an annular protrusion 151 and an annular groove 152 is provided between adjacent sub-units 14, and the mating surfaces are inclined, achieving precise positioning and stable connection between the sub-units 14. The annular design provides a larger contact area, enabling uniform transmission of the pressure applied by the anchor bolt 2. The inclined mating surfaces have a self-locking function, resulting in a tighter fit under the tension of the anchor bolt 2. For example, when the tension of the anchor bolt 2 reaches 60kN, the radial component of the force generated by the inclined mating surfaces will cause the annular protrusion 151 and the groove 311 to mesh tightly, preventing relative rotation or separation between the sub-units 14. This structure maintains stability under tunnel vibration or dynamic pressure conditions, improving the reliability of the support system.

[0036] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the through hole 13 is provided with a reinforcing rib 131 extending axially; the reinforcing rib 131 is evenly distributed circumferentially along the through hole 13; the cross-section of the reinforcing rib 131 is triangular, and its base is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the through hole 13.

[0037] In this embodiment of the invention, reinforcing ribs 131 extending axially are provided on the inner wall of the through hole 13, which can significantly improve the compressive strength and structural stability of the support body 1. The design of the reinforcing ribs 131 being evenly distributed circumferentially makes the stress distribution more uniform and avoids local stress concentration. The triangular cross-section of the reinforcing ribs 131 has good mechanical properties, and its base is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the through hole 13, which can effectively transfer and disperse stress. In practical applications, when the support body 1 is subjected to vertical pressure, the reinforcing ribs 131 can evenly transfer the force to the entire support body 1. For example, when using an anchor rod 2 with a diameter of 22mm and a tension force of 80kN, the reinforcing ribs 131 can disperse the stress into the overall structure of the support body 1, significantly improving the load-bearing capacity of the support body 1.

[0038] In some embodiments, both the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 are provided with anti-slip textures; the anti-slip textures include multiple radially distributed raised ridges, and a groove structure is formed between adjacent raised ridges.

[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, the design of anti-slip textures on the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 effectively improves the friction between the support body 1 and the limiting component 3 and the surrounding rock. The groove structure formed by the radially distributed raised ridges increases the contact area and can adapt to different contact surface conditions. In practical applications, when the support body 1 contacts uneven surrounding rock, the anti-slip textures can increase the contact points and improve stability. Especially when the tunnel floor or roof is inclined, the anti-slip textures can prevent the support body 1 from slipping. For example, when the tunnel inclination angle reaches 15°, the anti-slip textures can still ensure the positional stability of the support body 1.

[0040] In some embodiments, the support body 1 is made of high-strength engineering plastic; the compressive strength of the high-strength engineering plastic is not less than 80 MPa.

[0041] In this embodiment of the invention, the support body 1 is made of high-strength engineering plastic, which ensures sufficient strength while being lightweight and easy to process. The requirement of a compressive strength of not less than 80 MPa ensures that the support body 1 can withstand the pressure during the tensioning process of the anchor bolt 2. Engineering plastic has a certain degree of elastic deformation capacity, which can adapt to minor deformations of the surrounding rock and avoid stress concentration. In humid tunnel environments, engineering plastic has good corrosion resistance, extending its service life. Compared with traditional metal support structures, the plastic support body 1 is lighter, facilitating transportation and installation.

[0042] Specifically, the support body 1 is made of polystyrene, which has high hardness and cannot be compressed or deformed, thus ensuring the support strength.

[0043] This utility model embodiment provides an anchoring device, including: an anchor rod 2 having an anchoring section and a threaded section; a limiting component 3 including a tray 31, a self-aligning ball pad 32, a friction-reducing washer, and a nut 33, which are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the anchor rod 2; and the aforementioned support mechanism, wherein the anchor rod 2 passes through a through hole 13, and the tray 31 abuts against the first surface 11.

[0044] In this embodiment of the invention, the anchoring device forms a complete support system by rationally arranging the positional relationships of the anchor rod 2, the limiting component 3, and the support mechanism. The structural design of the various components in the limiting component 3 arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the anchor rod 2 ensures the continuity and reliability of force transmission within the support system. The contact design between the tray 31 and the first surface 11 of the support mechanism allows the supporting force to be evenly transmitted to the surrounding rock through the support body 1. In practical applications, when the anchor rod 2 is pre-tightened, the self-aligning ball washer 32 can compensate for installation angle deviations, and the anti-friction washer ensures the accuracy of the tightening torque of the nut 33. This structural design enables the support system to adapt to complex engineering environments and improves the support effect.

[0045] In some embodiments, an anti-rotation structure is provided between the tray 31 and the first surface 11; the anti-rotation structure includes a plurality of circumferentially distributed bosses 111 provided on the first surface 11 and a groove 311 provided on the bottom surface of the tray 31 that cooperates with the bosses 111.

[0046] In this embodiment of the invention, the anti-rotation structure provided between the tray 31 and the first surface 11 effectively prevents the support body 1 from rotating during use through the cooperation of multiple circumferentially distributed bosses 111 and corresponding grooves 311. This design is particularly important during the tightening of the anchor rod 2, because a large torsional force is often generated when tightening torque is applied. The circumferentially distributed design ensures the uniformity of the anti-rotation effect, and the multiple bosses 111 improve the reliability of the structure. For example, when a tightening torque of 200 N·m is applied using a pneumatic wrench, this anti-rotation structure can effectively prevent the support body 1 from rotating with the tray 31, ensuring the preload of the anchor rod 2.

[0047] In some embodiments, the diameter of the through hole 13 is adapted to the outer diameter of the anchor rod 2; the two ends of the through hole 13 are provided with chamfered structures, and the inclination angle of the chamfered structures is 30°-45°.

[0048] In this embodiment of the invention, the design of matching the diameter of the through hole 13 with the outer diameter of the anchor rod 2 ensures the accuracy and stability of the anchor rod 2 installation. The chamfered structures at both ends serve a guiding function, facilitating the anchor rod 2 to pass through the through hole 13 while also reducing stress concentration. The chamfer angle of 30°-45° is an optimized design parameter, ensuring both guiding effect and without excessively weakening the strength of the support body 1. In actual construction, this design can improve installation efficiency and reduce wear between the anchor rod 2 and the through hole 13. Especially when installing the anchor rod 2 on the roof of the tunnel, the chamfered structure can significantly improve the construction difficulty.

[0049] In some embodiments, the center of the tray 31 is provided with a through hole coaxial with the through hole 13; the edge of the through hole is provided with a reinforcing flange 312 extending toward the nut 33.

[0050] In this embodiment of the invention, the reinforcing flange 312, located at the edge of the central through hole of the tray 31 and extending towards the nut 33, improves the strength of the tray 31 and prevents deformation under high stress conditions. When the tension of the anchor rod 2 is large, the reinforcing flange 312 provides additional support, reducing the risk of deformation of the tray 31. This design also facilitates the guidance of the nut 33 during installation, improving installation efficiency. In practical applications, even if there is a deviation in the installation angle of the anchor rod 2, the reinforcing flange 312 can ensure the uniformity of force distribution on the tray 31.

[0051] In practical applications, this support mechanism effectively solves the problem of exposed anchor bolts 2 caused by fractured surrounding rock, improving the reliability and safety of anchor bolt 2 support. Its modular design facilitates on-site construction, and the material selection and structural design fully consider the special requirements of the mining environment. Through the organic combination of various technical features, a creative overall solution is formed.

[0052] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A support mechanism, characterized in that, include: The support body (1) has a first surface (11) and a second surface (12) arranged opposite to each other. A through hole (13) is provided in the middle of the support body (1). The through hole (13) connects the first surface (11) and the second surface (12) for the anchor rod (2) to pass through. The first surface (11) is used to abut against the limiting component (3) on the anchor rod (2), and the second surface (12) is used to abut against the surrounding rock.

2. The support mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support body (1) is a detachable structure, including at least two sub-units (14) that are detachably connected along the extension direction of the through hole (13). A positioning connection structure (15) is provided between adjacent sub-units (14).

3. The support mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning connection structure (15) includes: An annular protrusion (151) is provided on the bottom surface of the upper sub-unit (14). An annular groove (152) is provided on the top surface of the lower sub-unit (14) to cooperate with the annular protrusion (151). The mating surfaces of the annular protrusion (151) and the annular groove (152) are inclined.

4. The support mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the through hole (13) is provided with reinforcing ribs (131) extending along the axial direction. The reinforcing ribs (131) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the through hole (13); The cross-section of the reinforcing rib (131) is triangular, and its base is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the through hole (13).

5. The support mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first surface (11) and the second surface (12) are provided with anti-slip textures; The anti-slip texture includes multiple radially distributed raised ridges, with grooves formed between adjacent raised ridges.

6. The support mechanism according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The support body (1) is made of high-strength engineering plastic; The compressive strength of the high-strength engineering plastic is not less than 80 MPa.

7. An anchoring device, characterized in that, include: Anchor bolt (2) has an anchoring section and a threaded section; The limiting component (3) includes a tray (31), a self-aligning ball pad (32) and a nut (33), which are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the anchor rod (2); The support mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the anchor (2) passes through the through hole (13) and the tray (31) abuts against the first surface (11).

8. The anchoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: An anti-rotation structure is provided between the tray (31) and the first surface (11); The anti-rotation structure includes a plurality of circumferentially distributed bosses (111) on the first surface (11) and a groove (311) on the bottom surface of the tray (31) that mates with the bosses (111).

9. The anchoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The diameter of the through hole (13) is adapted to the outer diameter of the anchor rod (2); The two ends of the through hole (13) are provided with chamfered structures, and the inclination angle of the chamfered structures is 30°-45°.

10. The anchoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The center of the tray (31) is provided with a through hole coaxial with the through hole (13); The edge of the through hole is provided with a reinforcing flange (312) extending toward the nut (33).

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