A load identification-based voltage automatic switching control circuit and power supply

Abstract

A voltage automatic switching control circuit based on load identification, comprising a power supply unit, a main control unit, an output switching unit, a feedback unit and a load driving unit, the power supply unit is used to provide working voltage for the main control unit, the output switching unit, the feedback unit and the load driving unit, the output switching unit is used for the first voltage or the second voltage, the feedback unit is used to collect and feedback the load driving signal to the main control unit, the load driving unit is used to drive the external load, the main control unit is used to generate the control signal to control the voltage output of the output switching unit and the driving control of the load driving unit, and obtain the voltage signal output by the feedback unit. The embodiment makes the power supply output of different voltage levels be able to be switched according to the load state, avoiding the manual switching mode of using traditional code switch or jumper cap.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of control circuit technology, specifically to a voltage automatic switching control circuit and power supply based on load identification. Background Technology

[0002] In applications such as electronic equipment, industrial control, and power management, there are often load requirements with different voltage levels. For example, in situations where 12V and 24V devices coexist, traditional power supply methods usually rely on power modules with fixed voltage output, or select the voltage through manual DIP switches, jumper caps, etc. They cannot automatically identify the load voltage level and adjust the output accordingly, resulting in cumbersome operation and poor versatility.

[0003] However, most existing power supply circuits lack the ability to actively identify load characteristics and cannot automatically switch and adapt the voltage output according to different load types or operating states. This results in limited application scenarios, slow response speed, and poor control flexibility. Furthermore, most existing power supply circuits are not equipped with a main control logic to uniformly manage output switching, load driving, and status feedback, leading to weak system compatibility and complex circuit design. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the existing technology, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a voltage automatic switching control circuit and power supply based on load identification, which solves the problems of limited application scenarios, slow response speed and poor control flexibility in the existing technology.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows:

[0006] On the one hand, a voltage automatic switching control circuit based on load identification is provided, including:

[0007] The system comprises a power supply unit, a main control unit, an output switching unit, a feedback unit, and a load drive unit. The power supply unit is connected to the power supply terminals of the main control unit, the output switching unit, the feedback unit, and the load drive unit. The first output terminal of the main control unit is connected to the output switching unit, the second output terminal of the main control unit is connected to the feedback unit, the third output terminal of the main control unit is connected to the load drive unit, and the feedback unit is connected to the load drive unit.

[0008] The power supply unit is used to provide operating voltage to the main control unit, output switching unit, feedback unit and load drive unit. The output switching unit is used for a first voltage or a second voltage. The feedback unit is used to collect and feed back the load drive signal to the main control unit. The load drive unit is used to drive an external load. The main control unit is used to generate control signals to control the voltage output of the output switching unit and the drive control of the load drive unit, and to acquire the voltage signal output by the feedback unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the power supply unit includes a first power supply module for outputting a first voltage and a second power supply module for outputting a second voltage.

[0010] Furthermore, the second power supply module includes a step-down chip U1, capacitors C1, C2, and C3, and a resistor R1. The output terminal of the first power supply module is connected to the input terminal of the step-down chip U1 and one end of capacitor C1 through the resistor R1. The other end of capacitor C1 is connected to the GND pin of the step-down chip U1 and the ground terminal. The output terminal of the step-down chip U1 is connected to one end of capacitor C2, one end of capacitor C3, and the main control unit. The other end of capacitor C2 is connected to the other end of capacitor C3 and the ground terminal.

[0011] Furthermore, the output switching unit includes resistors R2, R3, and R4, and a switching transistor Q1. The switching transistor Q1 is a transistor. The output terminal of the first power supply module is connected to the collector of the switching transistor Q1 through the resistor R3. The emitter of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R4 and the ground terminal. The other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the base of the switching transistor Q1 and one end of the resistor R2. The other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the main control unit.

[0012] Furthermore, the load driving unit includes resistors R16, R17, R20, R21, R22, R23, and R25, as well as switching transistors Q6, Q10, and Q11. Switch Q10 is a transistor, Q11 is a PMOS transistor, and Q6 is an NMOS transistor. The drive control terminal of the main control unit is connected to the base of switch Q10 and one end of resistor R21 via resistor R22. The emitter of switch Q10 is grounded, and the other end of resistor R21 is connected to the first power supply... The electrical module is connected to one end of the resistor R20, the other end of the resistor R20 is connected to the collector of the switching transistor Q10, one end of the resistor R23 and one end of the resistor R17, the other end of the resistor R23 is connected to the gate of the switching transistor Q11, the source of the switching transistor Q11 is connected to the load, the drain of the switching transistor Q11 is grounded through the resistor R25 and the resistor R16, the other end of the resistor R17 is connected to the gate of the switching transistor Q6, the source of the switching transistor Q6 is grounded, and the drain of the switching transistor Q6 is connected to the drain of the switching transistor Q11 and the load.

[0013] Furthermore, the feedback unit includes a resistor R24, and the sampling terminal of the main control unit is connected between the resistor R25 and the resistor R16 through the resistor R24.

[0014] Furthermore, the feedback unit also includes capacitors C4 and C5. One end of capacitor C4 is connected to one end of resistor R24, the other end of capacitor C4 is connected to one end of capacitor C5 and ground, and the other end of capacitor C5 is connected to the other end of resistor R24.

[0015] Furthermore, the main control unit includes a main control chip U2, the model of which is PY32F002AW15U6TR.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a display module, which is connected to the main control unit and is used to display the voltage output by the load drive unit.

[0017] On the other hand, a power supply is also provided, including the load-based automatic voltage switching control circuit described above.

[0018] This embodiment of the invention, through the coordinated setup of a main control unit, a power supply unit, an output switching unit, a feedback unit, and a load drive unit, enables power outputs of different voltage levels to switch according to the load status, avoiding the need for manual switching using traditional DIP switches or jumper caps. The main control unit controls voltage switching and load drive through multiple output terminals and receives voltage sampling signals provided by the feedback unit to achieve continuous monitoring of the output status. This embodiment not only has voltage switching functionality but also feedback closed-loop control capability, simplifying the overall wiring and improving the circuit's adaptability to various loads. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a circuit block diagram of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of an automatic voltage switching control circuit based on load identification according to this utility model.

[0022] Figure label:

[0023] 100. Power supply unit; 200. Main control unit; 300. Output switching unit; 400. Feedback unit; 500. Load drive unit; 600. Display module. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive element, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present utility model, they are protected by patent law.

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0027] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] In existing technologies, electronic control systems commonly use MOSFETs as the core component for load control, with applications covering home appliance control, power management, and automation equipment. When the control terminal and the load power supply share a common ground, traditional solutions achieve conduction control by directly connecting the MOSFET gate to a current-limiting resistor. However, in scenarios such as industrial automation equipment and high-precision instruments, this approach is prone to switching lag due to insufficient drive capability, and power fluctuations may cause malfunctions, affecting system reliability.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 This utility model provides a voltage automatic switching control circuit based on load identification, comprising:

[0030] The system comprises a power supply unit 100, a main control unit 200, an output switching unit 300, a feedback unit 400, and a load drive unit 500. The power supply unit 100 is connected to the power supply terminals of the main control unit 200, the output switching unit 300, the feedback unit 400, and the load drive unit 500. The first output terminal of the main control unit 200 is connected to the output switching unit 300, the second output terminal of the main control unit 200 is connected to the feedback unit 400, the third output terminal of the main control unit 200 is connected to the load drive unit 500, and the feedback unit 400 is connected to the load drive unit 500. Wherein:

[0031] The power supply unit 100 is used to provide operating voltage to the main control unit 200, output switching unit 300, feedback unit 400 and load drive unit 500. The output switching unit 300 is used for a first voltage or a second voltage. The feedback unit 400 is used to collect and feed back the load drive signal to the main control unit 200. The load drive unit 500 is used to drive an external load. The main control unit 200 is used to generate control signals to control the voltage output of the output switching unit 300 and the drive control of the load drive unit 500, and to acquire the voltage signal output by the feedback unit 400.

[0032] This embodiment of the invention, through the coordinated setup of the main control unit 200, power supply unit 100, output switching unit 300, feedback unit 400, and load drive unit 500, enables power outputs of different voltage levels to switch according to the load status, avoiding the manual switching method using traditional DIP switches or jumper caps. The main control unit 200 controls voltage switching and load drive through multiple output terminals and receives voltage sampling signals provided by the feedback unit 400 to achieve continuous monitoring of the output status. This embodiment not only has voltage switching function but also feedback closed-loop control capability, simplifies the overall wiring, and improves the circuit's adaptability to various loads.

[0033] Reference Figure 2 Furthermore, the power supply unit 100 includes a first power supply module for outputting a first voltage and a second power supply module for outputting a second voltage. The first power supply module is used to provide a first voltage to the load drive unit 500 and the output switching unit 300. The first voltage is a preset operating voltage level, such as 12V or 24V, used to drive external loads of different voltage levels. The second power supply module is electrically connected to the first power supply module and is used to step down the first voltage output by the first power supply module to generate a stable second voltage. In this embodiment, the second voltage is 3.3V, used to provide operating power to the main control unit 200.

[0034] Furthermore, the second power supply module includes a step-down chip U1, capacitors C1, C2, and C3, and a resistor R1. The output terminal of the first power supply module is connected to the input terminal of the step-down chip U1 and one end of capacitor C1 through the resistor R1. The other end of capacitor C1 is connected to the GND pin of the step-down chip U1 and the ground terminal. The output terminal of the step-down chip U1 is connected to one end of capacitor C2, one end of capacitor C3, and the main control unit 200. The other end of capacitor C2 is connected to the other end of capacitor C3 and the ground terminal.

[0035] Specifically, the second power supply module is used to step down the higher voltage output by the first power supply module, such as 12V or 24V, to a low voltage suitable for the operation of the main control unit 200. The output terminal of the first power supply module is connected to the input terminal of the step-down chip U1 via resistor R1, which serves as a current limiting protection. Capacitor C1 is connected between the input terminal and the ground terminal of U1 for input filtering and voltage regulation. U1 outputs a stable 3.3V voltage. The output terminal is connected to ground in parallel through capacitors C2 and C3 to form an output filter circuit, which is used to reduce power ripple and stabilize the power supply. The main control unit 200 obtains a stable 3.3V operating voltage through this output terminal to realize functions such as logic control, feedback sampling, and drive output of subsequent circuits. In this embodiment, by adding current limiting and filtering components at the high voltage power supply output terminal and using a step-down chip to complete the voltage regulation, a low voltage power supply with good isolation and stable voltage is effectively provided to the main control unit 200.

[0036] Furthermore, the output switching unit 300 includes resistors R2, R3, and R4, and a switching transistor Q1. The switching transistor Q1 is a transistor. The output terminal of the first power supply module is connected to the collector of the switching transistor Q1 through the resistor R3. The emitter of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R4 and the ground terminal. The other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the base of the switching transistor Q1 and one end of the resistor R2. The other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the main control unit 200.

[0037] Specifically, the output switching unit 300 is used to switch the conduction state of different voltage paths according to the control signal of the main control unit 200: the main control unit 200 outputs a control signal to the base of transistor Q1 through resistor R2. When the main control unit 200 outputs a high level, a bias current is provided through R2 to turn on Q1, and the collector of Q1 is pulled down to near ground potential by the voltage provided by the first power supply module through resistor R3; when the main control unit 200 outputs a low level, Q1 is turned off, and its collector remains at a high level. Resistor R4 is connected in series with the emitter of Q1 to stabilize the bias current and prevent the base leakage current from flowing back into the main control unit 200. Through the conduction and cutoff states of Q1, the node level can be controlled, thereby linking the subsequent voltage output path to achieve voltage switching. This embodiment achieves an effective combination of level driving and voltage path switching through a simple transistor control circuit, which is convenient for integration with the logic system of the main control unit 200 and reduces circuit complexity and control delay.

[0038] Furthermore, the load drive unit 500 includes resistors R16, R17, R20, R21, R22, R23, R25, switching transistors Q6, Q10, and Q11. Switch Q10 is a transistor, Q11 is a PMOS transistor, and Q6 is an NMOS transistor. The drive control terminal of the main control unit 200 is connected to the base of switching transistor Q10 and one end of resistor R21 through resistor R22. The emitter of switching transistor Q10 is grounded, and the other end of resistor R21 is connected to... The first power supply module is connected to one end of the resistor R20, the other end of the resistor R20 is connected to the collector of the switching transistor Q10, one end of the resistor R23 and one end of the resistor R17, the other end of the resistor R23 is connected to the gate of the switching transistor Q11, the source of the switching transistor Q11 is connected to the load, the drain of the switching transistor Q11 is grounded through the resistor R25 and the resistor R16, the other end of the resistor R17 is connected to the gate of the switching transistor Q6, the source of the switching transistor Q6 is grounded, and the drain of the switching transistor Q6 is connected to the drain of the switching transistor Q11 and the load.

[0039] Specifically, the load driving unit 500 is used to drive the external load according to the control signal of the main control unit 200 and realize the switching of the output voltage on / off path. The main control unit 200 outputs the control signal to the base of transistor Q10 through resistor R22. Resistors R21 and R22 form a bias circuit to ensure that Q10 can be stably turned on or off. When the main control unit 200 outputs a high level, Q10 is turned on, its emitter is grounded, and the collector potential is pulled down to near ground potential, thereby driving the voltage of nodes R20, R23, and R17 to be pulled down, which in turn makes the gate of PMOS transistor Q11 low level, and the switching transistor Q11 is turned on. The source of the switching transistor Q11 is connected to the load power supply path, and the drain is grounded through resistors R25 and R16, forming a load current path to realize the load power supply. At the same time, the potential change between resistors R17 and R23 is also transmitted to the gate of NMOS transistor Q6. When the node potential rises, switch Q6 turns on, its source is grounded, and its drain connects to the load and the drain of switch Q11, further forming a parallel conduction path, enhancing conduction capability or providing a path to ground. Conversely, when the main control unit 200 outputs a low level, switch Q10 turns off, its collector voltage rises, the gate-source voltage of switch Q11 approaches 0, switch Q11 turns off, and switch Q6 also remains off due to insufficient gate voltage, so the load no longer conducts. Through the cascaded control of switches Q11 and Q6 by switch Q10, precise switching of the load voltage path can be achieved, meeting the load drive requirements under different voltage conditions. This embodiment uses a combination of transistors and MOSFETs to achieve linked drive of load on / off, which has the advantages of fast voltage control response, clear circuit hierarchy, and adaptability to different power supply path switching requirements, improving the safety and controllability of load power supply.

[0040] Furthermore, the feedback unit 400 includes a resistor R24. The sampling terminal of the main control unit 200 is connected between resistors R25 and R16 through the resistor R24. The feedback unit 400 leads the load-side voltage signal from the node between resistors R25 and R16 through the resistor R24 ​​and inputs it to the sampling terminal of the main control unit 200. The main control unit 200 detects the load voltage change in real time through this sampling terminal to determine the current output state or perform voltage switching control. This embodiment has a simple structure and a reasonable sampling position, which can accurately reflect the voltage state of the load side, making it convenient for the main control unit 200 to make judgments and perform closed-loop control.

[0041] Furthermore, the feedback unit 400 also includes capacitors C4 and C5. One end of capacitor C4 is connected to one end of resistor R24, the other end of capacitor C4 is connected to one end of capacitor C5 and ground, and the other end of capacitor C5 is connected to the other end of resistor R24.

[0042] In this embodiment, capacitors C4 and C5, together with resistor R24, form a signal filtering network. One end of capacitor C4 is connected to one end of R24, and the other end is grounded and connected in series with capacitor C5. The other end of C5 is connected to the other end of R24. The above circuit structure forms a π-type low-pass filter, which is used to filter out high-frequency interference components in the feedback voltage signal. The sampling terminal of the main control unit 200 receives the filtered stable voltage signal, avoiding sampling errors caused by transient interference or power supply ripple, and improving the accuracy of the feedback data.

[0043] Furthermore, the main control unit 200 includes a main control chip U2, model PY32F002AW15U6TR, which has a built-in multi-channel general-purpose input / output interface and an analog-to-digital conversion module. It can sample and process external input signals according to preset logic and output control signals. The control pins of the main control chip U2 are connected to the output switching unit 300, the feedback unit 400 and the load driving unit 500 respectively, realizing coordinated control of voltage switching, voltage sampling and load switching. The main control chip U2 operates at 3.3V and is powered by the second power supply module.

[0044] Furthermore, it also includes a display module 600, which is connected to the main control unit. The display module 600 is used to display the voltage output by the load drive unit 500. The display module 600 is electrically connected to the main control unit 200 and is used to display the voltage information output by the load drive unit 500 in real time. The main control chip samples and processes the voltage signal provided by the feedback unit 400 through its internal ADC module, determines the current output voltage status based on the sampling results, and transmits the processed voltage level information to the display module 600 in digital or graphical form, such as an LED digital tube or LCD screen, to realize the visualization of the output voltage.

[0045] It should be noted that the above feedback voltage signal corresponds one-to-one with the actual output voltage of the load. The main control unit 200 can determine the current output state based on this and transmit the recognition result to the display module 600.

[0046] On the other hand, this utility model also provides a power supply that integrates the aforementioned load-based automatic voltage switching control circuit. The power supply uses this control circuit to identify and adapt to different load types, and the main control unit 200 outputs control signals to switch different voltage output paths according to the load status.

[0047] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A voltage automatic switching control circuit based on load identification, characterized in that, The system includes a power supply unit, a main control unit, an output switching unit, a feedback unit, and a load drive unit. The power supply unit is connected to the power supply terminals of the main control unit, the output switching unit, the feedback unit, and the load drive unit. The first output terminal of the main control unit is connected to the output switching unit, the second output terminal of the main control unit is connected to the feedback unit, the third output terminal of the main control unit is connected to the load drive unit, and the feedback unit is connected to the load drive unit. The power supply unit is used to provide operating voltage to the main control unit, output switching unit, feedback unit and load drive unit. The output switching unit is used for a first voltage or a second voltage. The feedback unit is used to collect and feed back the load drive signal to the main control unit. The load drive unit is used to drive an external load. The main control unit is used to generate control signals to control the voltage output of the output switching unit and the drive control of the load drive unit, and to acquire the voltage signal output by the feedback unit.

2. The voltage automatic switching control circuit based on load identification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply unit includes a first power supply module for outputting a first voltage and a second power supply module for outputting a second voltage.

3. The voltage automatic switching control circuit based on load identification according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second power supply module includes a step-down chip U1, capacitors C1, C2, and C3, and a resistor R1. The output terminal of the first power supply module is connected to the input terminal of the step-down chip U1 and one end of capacitor C1 through the resistor R1. The other end of capacitor C1 is connected to the GND pin of the step-down chip U1 and the ground terminal. The output terminal of the step-down chip U1 is connected to one end of capacitor C2, one end of capacitor C3, and the main control unit. The other end of capacitor C2 is connected to the other end of capacitor C3 and the ground terminal.

4. The voltage automatic switching control circuit based on load identification according to claim 2, characterized in that, The output switching unit includes resistors R2, R3, and R4, and a switching transistor Q1. The switching transistor Q1 is a bipolar transistor. The output terminal of the first power supply module is connected to the collector of the switching transistor Q1 through resistor R3. The emitter of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to one end of resistor R4 and ground. The other end of resistor R4 is connected to the base of the switching transistor Q1 and one end of resistor R2. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to the main control unit.

5. The voltage automatic switching control circuit based on load identification according to claim 2, characterized in that, The load driving unit includes resistors R16, R17, R20, R21, R22, R23, and R25, as well as switching transistors Q6, Q10, and Q11. Switch Q10 is a transistor, Q11 is a PMOS transistor, and Q6 is an NMOS transistor. The drive control terminal of the main control unit is connected to the base of switch Q10 and one end of resistor R21 via resistor R22. The emitter of switch Q10 is grounded, and the other end of resistor R21 is connected to the first power supply module. The block is connected to one end of the resistor R20, the other end of the resistor R20 is connected to the collector of the switch Q10, one end of the resistor R23 and one end of the resistor R17, the other end of the resistor R23 is connected to the gate of the switch Q11, the source of the switch Q11 is connected to the load, the drain of the switch Q11 is grounded through the resistor R25 and the resistor R16, the other end of the resistor R17 is connected to the gate of the switch Q6, the source of the switch Q6 is grounded, and the drain of the switch Q6 is connected to the drain of the switch Q11 and the load.

6. The voltage automatic switching control circuit based on load identification according to claim 5, characterized in that, The feedback unit includes a resistor R24, and the sampling terminal of the main control unit is connected between the resistor R25 and the resistor R16 through the resistor R24.

7. The voltage automatic switching control circuit based on load identification according to claim 6, characterized in that, The feedback unit also includes capacitors C4 and C5. One end of capacitor C4 is connected to one end of resistor R24, and the other end of capacitor C4 is connected to one end of capacitor C5 and ground. The other end of capacitor C5 is connected to the other end of resistor R24.

8. The voltage automatic switching control circuit based on load identification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control unit includes a main control chip U2, and the model of the main control chip U2 is PY32F002AW15U6TR.

9. The voltage automatic switching control circuit based on load identification according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a display module, which is connected to the main control unit and is used to display the voltage output by the load drive unit.

10. A power supply, characterized in that, Includes the load-based automatic voltage switching control circuit as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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