High-speed farmland mulching machine

Abstract

The utility model relates to an agricultural implement, namely a high-speed farmland mulching machine, comprising a frame (1), a film reel (10), a film pressing wheel (5) and a soil cover (7), the film pressing wheel (5) has two oppositely installed wheel plates (12), and the utility model has the following characteristics: the two wheel plates (12) of the film pressing wheel (5) are connected by a roller (13), the roller (13) is in the shape of a cylinder, the cylinder wall is closed, during operation, the roller (13) blocks the soil ridge (16) turned up by the soil cover (7) on both sides of the mulch film (15) and cannot send the soil ridge to the middle of the mulch film (15). The beneficial effects are as follows: the roller closes between the two film pressing wheels, the soil ridge thrown by the soil cover is blocked, even if the implement travels fast, the soil ridge can only reach the two sides of the mulch film and cannot cover the middle part of the mulch film, thereby facilitating the subsequent operation. The traveling speed of the implement is increased from 3-4 km / h to 8-10 km / h, the operation efficiency is significantly improved, and the implement is suitable for popularizing and promoting the mulch film covering technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to an agricultural machine, namely a high-speed farmland mulching machine. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, farmland mulching technology has been rapidly promoted and mechanized. Most existing mulching machines are tractor-tethered and mainly consist of a drawframe, film roll, pressing rollers, and a soil covering device. During operation, the film roll is suspended from the upper or lower part of the machine frame, one end of the film is laid flat on the ground, and the pressing rollers press both sides of the film into the tilled layer. Then, the soil covering device covers the sides of the film with soil, thus fixing the film to the ground to form mulch.

[0003] The existing film pressing wheel has two concentric but unconnected discs mounted opposite each other. The advantages of this type of pressing wheel are its simple structure, light weight, and deep penetration into the soil, effectively pressing the mulch film into the soil layer. However, because there is a large space between the two discs, when the machine travels at a high speed, the soil clods scraped up by the covering device are thrown a greater distance, covering not only the sides of the mulch film but also the middle, completely covering it. Since the middle of the mulch film is used for planting or transplanting seedlings, it cannot be covered with soil. To address this, this study installed a baffle on the inner side of the pressing wheel frame of the covering device to prevent the soil clods from being thrown. However, because the baffle is close to the ground, its up-and-down movement can scratch the mulch film. Therefore, to prevent the ground from being covered with soil, the speed of the mulching machine must be reduced. With a slower speed, the soil clods are thrown a shorter distance, preventing them from being pressed into the middle of the mulch film. In dryland farming areas in the north, the single-row width of crops such as corn is 300-500mm, and the travel speed of mulching machines is limited to 3-4km / h, resulting in low operating efficiency and restricting the promotion of mulch film covering technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to develop a high-speed agricultural mulching machine that, when laying mulch in farmland, ensures that the soil turned up by the covering devices on both sides can only bury the sides of the mulch and not be thrown into the middle of the mulch, thus facilitating subsequent operations.

[0005] The above objective is achieved by the following technical solution: providing a high-speed farmland mulching machine, including a frame, a film roll, a film pressing wheel, and a soil covering device. The film pressing wheel has two oppositely installed discs. The characteristic is that the two discs of the film pressing wheel are connected by a roller. The roller is cylindrical with a sealed wall. During operation, the roller blocks the soil clods turned up by the soil covering device on both sides of the mulch film, and cannot throw them into the middle of the mulch film.

[0006] A crossbeam is fixedly installed at the rear end of the frame, and two longitudinal beams extending rearward are installed on the crossbeam. The lower front of the longitudinal beams is hinged to the film-laying roller frame via a bearing seat. The film-laying roller is installed at the lower part of the film-laying roller frame. The inner middle part of the longitudinal beams is hinged to the film-pressing wheel frame via a bearing seat. The film-pressing wheel is installed at the lower part of the film-pressing wheel frame. The rear end of the longitudinal beams is connected to the soil covering frame in a contoured manner, and the soil covering device is installed at the front end of the soil covering frame.

[0007] The front end of the longitudinal beam is mounted on the crossbeam at the rear end of the frame via a variable positioning clamp, and the spacing between the two longitudinal beams is adjustable.

[0008] The roller of the pressing roller has two interlocking sleeves. The insertion and removal of the sleeves can adjust the distance between the two end discs to accommodate mulching operations of various widths of plastic film.

[0009] The pressure roller frame has two front-to-back pull plates. The front end of the pull plates is rotatably connected to the pressure roller shaft. There is a cross beam between the rear of the two pull plates. The cross beam is composed of two interlocking sleeves and is fixed by positioning bolts after the length is adjusted.

[0010] The frame is equipped with a deep loosening shovel. During operation, the deep loosening shovel penetrates deep into the cultivated layer to provide loose soil conditions for subsequent mulching operations.

[0011] The frame is equipped with a flat soil plate at the front. The flat soil plate has two side plates, which are tilted backward and have sharp angles.

[0012] The frame is equipped with a ground wheel at the bottom and a fertilizer box at the top. The sprocket at the outer end of the ground wheel axle drives the fertilizer discharging mechanism of the fertilizer box to perform fertilization operations via a chain.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: A closed roller between the two pressing rollers prevents soil clods from being thrown by the covering device. Even with rapid machine movement, the soil clods only reach the sides of the mulch film and cannot cover the middle, thus facilitating subsequent operations. The machine's travel speed has increased from 3-4 km / h to 8-10 km / h, significantly improving operational efficiency and providing suitable equipment for the widespread adoption of mulch film covering technology. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is the front view of the first embodiment;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a top view of the first embodiment;

[0016] Figure 3 This is an enlarged front view of the pressure roller component in the first embodiment;

[0017] Figure 4 This is an enlarged left view of the pressure roller component in the first embodiment;

[0018] Figure 5This is a top view diagram illustrating the operation of the pressure roller in the existing technology;

[0019] Figure 6 This is a top view schematic diagram of the operation of the pressure roller in the first embodiment;

[0020] Figure 7 This is a top view of the pressure roller component in the second embodiment;

[0021] Figure 8 This is a top view of the second embodiment;

[0022] Figure 9 This is the front view of the third embodiment;

[0023] Figure 10 This is a top view of the third embodiment;

[0024] Figure 11 This is the front view of the fourth embodiment;

[0025] Figure 12 This is a top view of the fourth embodiment;

[0026] Figure 13 This is the front view of the fifth embodiment;

[0027] Figure 14 This is a top view of the fifth embodiment.

[0028] The following components are visible in the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Crossbeam; 3. Longitudinal beam; 4. Pressing roller frame; 5. Pressing roller; 6. Covering device frame; 7. Covering device; 8. Film laying roller; 9. Film roll; 10. Film roll frame; 11. Wheel; 12. Roller; 13. Pressing roller axle; 14. Mulch film; 15. Soil clod; 16. Sleeve; 17. Horizontal tie beam; 18. Positioning bolt; 19. Deep loosening shovel; 20. Soil leveling plate; 21. Ground wheel; 22. Fertilizer box; 23. Fertilizer discharge pipe; 24. Drip irrigation tape; 25. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The overall concept of this utility model is as follows: the two discs of the pressing wheel are connected in a closed manner, which obstructs the soil clods thrown by the covering device and prevents them from covering the middle of the mulch film, thereby increasing the speed of the machinery. Five embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0030] First embodiment: Figure 1 , Figure 2 An example of a high-speed farmland mulching machine is provided, comprising a frame 1 and a mulching device, wherein the mulching device includes a film roll 10, a film pressing wheel 5, and a soil covering device 7. As shown in the figure, the frame 1 is the framework for connecting the mulching device to the tractor. A crossbeam 2 is fixedly mounted at the rear end of the frame. The film roll 10 is suspended below a film roll frame 11. The upper ends of the tie rods on both sides of the film roll frame are hinged to the bearing seats under the crossbeam via rotating shafts. A pressure adjusting spring in the middle of the tie rods controls the contouring amplitude.

[0031] Two rearwardly extending longitudinal beams 3 are installed on the crossbeam. Each longitudinal beam has a bearing in its middle, connected to the left and right tension plates of the pressure film roller frame 4 via a rotating shaft. A swivel connection is preferred here to enhance the conformal performance of the pressure film frame. Pressure film rollers 5 are installed at the lower part of the pressure film roller frame via pressure film roller axles 14. The rear parts of the two longitudinal beams are connected to the covering device frame 6 via rotating shafts. A compression spring restricts the up-and-down swing of the covering device frame 6. A covering device 7 is installed at the front end of the covering device frame. The covering device is mostly an arc-shaped panel with its concave surface facing inwards. It is mounted on the outer front of the pressure film roller, and the arc opening forms an adjustable angle of more than 5 degrees with the direction of machine travel. As the machine travels, the covering device scrapes up soil clods and throws them inwards; the throwing force is proportional to the machine's travel speed.

[0032] Furthermore, to make the mulch film smoother, a film-laying roller 8 is added in front of the pressing roller. The film-laying roller is installed at the lower end of the film-laying roller frame 9, and the upper end of the film-covering roller frame is installed in the bearing seat under the crossbeam 2 via a rotating shaft. There is a vertical spring pressure adjustment device in the middle of the film-covering frame to control the pressure of the film-covering roller on the ground. The axis of the film-laying roller is perpendicular to the direction of machine travel, and the surface of the film-laying roller contacts the ground, which can lay the film on the film roll 10 flat on the ground, and then be compacted by the pressing roller.

[0033] Combination Figure 3 , Figure 4 As can be seen, the pressing roller 5 has two opposing discs 12, with a closed roller 13 between them. The roller is preferably a cylindrical tube. The diameter of the tube is smaller than the diameter of the discs at both ends, with a diameter difference of 80-120 mm being preferable. The discs on both sides of the pressing roller press the edges of the plastic film laid flat by the preceding film-laying roller into the soil, and then it is sealed by the soil clods turned up by the covering device, thus forming a relatively stable and durable plastic film 15.

[0034] In order to compare with existing technologies, Figure 5 This section describes the structure and operation of the film-pressing rollers used in previous mulching machines. As shown in the diagram, the film-pressing rollers consist of two opposing discs without any connecting components, forming an open space. When the machine moves at high speed, the soil clods 16 turned up by the covering device are thrown a considerable distance, potentially covering the entire surface of the mulch film 15 and hindering subsequent operations. Taking corn as an example, the width is generally 300-500mm, and the machine's speed should not exceed 4km / h. Exceeding this speed, the covering device will throw the soil clods into the middle of the mulch film 15, completely covering it. This makes it difficult for the seed metering device to punch holes for seed placement during subsequent sowing.

[0035] Combination Figure 6As can be seen from the operation of the film-pressing roller 5, the space between the two discs 12 is sealed off by the roller 13 connecting them. The soil clods turned up by the covering device are blocked by the roller and can only be thrown to the ends of the roller, not the middle. After the machine passes, the mulch film is flat and fixed on the farmland, with soil compacted on both sides, and the middle of the mulch film is clean and free of soil. Subsequent drilling for seed sowing or transplanting of rice seedlings is unaffected.

[0036] Because no soil falls into the middle of the mulch film, the machine's travel speed can be significantly increased. Experiments show that the travel distance per hour has increased from 3000-4000 meters to 8000-10000 meters, doubling the work efficiency. Simultaneously, the rollers also have a dual function of increasing weight and limiting depth; their own weight alone can ensure appropriate pressure and uniform soil penetration, eliminating the need for complex contour-following pressing mechanisms. The rollers' compaction also makes the ground under the mulch film smoother, resulting in better mulch film coverage and stronger wind and rain resistance, achieving unexpected benefits.

[0037] The second embodiment further enhances the adjustability of the machine's working width based on the aforementioned embodiments. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the roller 13 of the pressing roller 5 consists of two interlocking sleeves 17. The distance between the two end discs can be adjusted by inserting and removing the two sleeves, which can adapt to the mulching requirements of different widths of mulch film.

[0038] To accommodate mulch film of varying widths, not only does the width of the pressing roller 5 need to be changed, but the positions of many components also need to be altered. For example... Figure 8 As shown, a crossbeam 2 is fixedly installed at the rear end of the frame, and two longitudinal beams 3 extending backward are installed on the crossbeam via variable positioning clamps.

[0039] The variable positioning clamp can be a sliding sleeve fitted over the crossbeam and positioned by bolts, or a U-shaped clamp. The spacing between the two longitudinal beams can be adjusted according to changes in the ground width. As the spacing between the longitudinal beams changes, the positions of related components such as the film-laying roller frame 9, the film-pressing roller frame 4, and the soil covering frame 6 will also change accordingly.

[0040] The pressure roller frame 4 has two pull plates in the front and rear directions. The front end of the pull plates is rotatably connected to the pressure roller shaft 14, and a cross beam 18 is connected between the rear parts of the two pull plates. The cross beam is composed of two interlocking sleeves, and its length can be changed by inserting or pulling outwards. Once the length is determined, it is fixed by positioning bolts 19.

[0041] In this way, when the width of the mulch film changes, the positioning bolts of the crossbeam are opened, the variable position clamps of the crossbeam are opened, the spacing of the longitudinal beams 3 and the length of the crossbeam are changed, and then the variable position clamps and positioning bolts are fixed. This allows the position of the film-laying roller frame 9, the film-pressing wheel frame 4 and the soil covering frame 11 to be adjusted so that the width of the film-laying roller, the film-pressing wheel and the soil covering device can adapt to the requirements of the mulch film width.

[0042] Third embodiment: as follows Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, a subsoil shovel 20 is installed below the frame. During the mulching operation, the subsoil shovel deeply loosens the soil, making it fine and soft, providing suitable soil conditions for the subsequent mulching operation and facilitating the rapid movement of the machinery.

[0043] Fourth embodiment: such as Figure 11 , Figure 12 As shown, a leveling plate 21 is mounted on the front of the frame. The leveling plate can be two plates connected at their inner ends, with both side plates tilted backward to form sharp angles. The side plates can be supported by adjustable screws, allowing the tilt angle of the plates to be adjusted according to the soil conditions. During operation, the leveling plate flattens the topsoil, providing a flat and unobstructed surface for subsequent mulching, allowing the machine to move forward more quickly.

[0044] Fifth embodiment: such as Figure 13 , Figure 14 As shown, the lower part of the frame is equipped with a ground wheel 22, and the upper part is equipped with a fertilizer box 23. The outer end of the ground wheel axle is equipped with a sprocket, which drives the fertilizer discharge shaft of the fertilizer box to rotate through the chain to perform fertilizer discharge operation.

[0045] As shown in the diagram, there is a fertilizer discharge wheel on each side of the fertilizer bin 23, both driven by sprockets at both ends of the ground wheel. This indicates that the fertilizer bin has compartments, allowing for the simultaneous application of two types of fertilizer, as well as other pesticides. The discharged fertilizer is delivered through the fertilizer discharge pipe 24 to the back of the deep tillage shovel, directly into the deep tillage layer, and covered by the soil turned up by the deep tillage shovel, thus better preserving its effectiveness.

[0046] Figure 14 The ring between the two deep-loosening shovels is the inlet through which the drip irrigation tape 25 passes. Figure 13 As can be seen, the drip irrigation tape 25 is coiled and installed on the support above the machine frame. As the machine moves, the drip irrigation tape is placed under the mulch film in the shallow tillage layer, allowing for water-saving drip irrigation or fertilizer drip irrigation during the crop growing season, with a very significant yield increase effect.

Claims

1. A high-speed farmland mulching machine, comprising a frame (1), a film roll (10), a film pressing wheel (5), and a soil covering device (7), wherein the film pressing wheel (5) has two opposingly mounted discs (12), characterized in that: The two discs (12) of the pressing wheel (5) are connected by a roller (13). The roller (13) is cylindrical with a sealed wall. During operation, the roller (13) blocks the soil clods (16) turned up by the covering device (7) on both sides of the mulch film (15) and prevents them from being thrown into the middle of the mulch film (15).

2. The high-speed agricultural film mulching machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A crossbeam (2) is fixedly installed at the rear end of the frame (1). Two longitudinal beams (3) extending backward are installed on the crossbeam (2). The lower front of the longitudinal beam (3) is hinged to the film-laying roller frame (9) through a bearing seat. The film-laying roller (8) is installed at the lower part of the film-laying roller frame (9). The inner side of the middle part of the longitudinal beam (3) is hinged to the film-pressing wheel frame (4) through a bearing seat. The film-pressing wheel (5) is installed at the lower part of the film-pressing wheel frame (4). The rear end of the longitudinal beam (3) is connected to the soil covering frame (6) in a contour connection. The soil covering device (7) is installed at the front end of the soil covering frame (6).

3. The high-speed agricultural field mulch film applicator of claim 2, wherein: The front end of the longitudinal beam (3) is installed on the crossbeam (2) at the rear end of the frame by a variable positioning clamp, and the distance between the two longitudinal beams (3) is adjustable.

4. The high-speed farmland mulching machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roller (13) of the pressing roller (5) has two interlocking sleeves (17). The insertion and removal of the sleeves (17) can adjust the distance between the two end discs (12) to adapt to the mulching operation of various widths of mulch film.

5. The high-speed agricultural field mulch film applicator of claim 2, wherein: The pressing wheel frame (4) has two front and rear pull plates. The front end of the pull plate is rotatably connected to the pressing wheel shaft (14). There is a cross beam (18) between the rear of the two pull plates. The cross beam (18) is composed of two interlocking sleeves. After adjusting the length, it is fixed by the positioning bolt (19).

6. The high-speed agricultural field mulch film applicator of claim 1, wherein: The frame (1) is equipped with a deep loosening shovel (20). During operation, the deep loosening shovel penetrates deep into the tillage layer to provide loose soil conditions for subsequent mulching operations.

7. The high-speed agricultural field mulch film applicator of claim 1, wherein: The frame (1) is equipped with a flat soil plate (21) in front. The flat soil plate (21) has two side plates, which are tilted backward and have sharp angles.

8. The high-speed agricultural field mulch film applicator of claim 1, wherein: The frame (1) is equipped with a ground wheel (22) at the bottom and a fertilizer box (23) at the top. The sprocket at the outer end of the ground wheel shaft drives the fertilizer discharge mechanism of the fertilizer box to perform fertilization operations via a chain.

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