A building integrated photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model belongs to photovoltaic field, concretely relates to a photovoltaic building integrated component. The photovoltaic building integrated component of the utility model includes the front plate, front plate adhesive film, solar cell, back plate adhesive film and back plate that stack in proper order. The photovoltaic building integrated component of the utility model has the performance of high water resistance, high insulation, high enhancement and high heat preservation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of photovoltaics, specifically relating to building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) components. Background Technology

[0002] Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is a technology that integrates solar power generation products into buildings. Since the integration of photovoltaic arrays with buildings does not occupy additional ground space, it is the best installation method for the widespread application of photovoltaic power generation systems in cities. Perovskite photovoltaics, as an emerging photovoltaic technology, not only rivals the efficiency of crystalline silicon photovoltaics in laboratory tests but also has significant advantages in cost and manufacturing processes, making it the best choice for BIPV modules. However, due to the instability of the perovskite cell structure, the requirements for module encapsulation are high. To ensure stable module performance throughout its lifespan (greater than 25 years), the encapsulation typically needs to possess characteristics such as high light transmittance, high water vapor barrier properties, high volume resistivity, resistance to PID (potential-induced degradation), good weather resistance, and high structural strength. Currently, perovskite modules still suffer from reliability issues such as low strength, exudation of encapsulant additives, water ingress risks, wet leakage risks, and hot spots. Furthermore, since BIPV modules use photovoltaic panels to form roof or wall coverings, they significantly impact the indoor temperature and light intensity of buildings; therefore, the thermal insulation performance of BIPV modules is also crucial.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a photovoltaic building-integrated module with high water resistance, high insulation, high enhancement and high thermal insulation performance. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module. Using a backsheet adhesive film in the encapsulation structure of the BIPV module can improve water resistance, insulation performance, reinforcement performance, and thermal insulation performance.

[0005] Specifically, this utility model provides a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module, which includes a front panel, a front panel film, a solar cell, a back panel film, and a back panel stacked sequentially. The back panel film is a polyolefin resin-aerogel blend film or a polyolefin resin-aerogel laminate film. The thickness of the polyolefin resin-aerogel blend film is 300-500 μm, and the thickness of the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminate film is 600-1500 μm.

[0006] In one or more embodiments, the polyolefin resin includes at least one of ethylene-1-butene copolymer, ethylene-1-hexene copolymer, ethylene-1-octene copolymer, ethylene-1-decene copolymer, and ethylene-1-dodecene copolymer.

[0007] In one or more embodiments, the aerogel includes at least one of TiO2 aerogel, SiO2 aerogel, organic cellulose aerogel, polyurethane aerogel, polypyrrole aerogel, polyamide aerogel, polyimide aerogel, and polyurea aerogel.

[0008] In one or more embodiments, the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminate film comprises an aerogel layer and a polyolefin resin layer, wherein the polyolefin resin layer is located on at least one side of the aerogel layer.

[0009] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminate film is 600-1500 μm.

[0010] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the aerogel layer is 200-300 μm.

[0011] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the polyolefin resin layer is 400-1000 μm.

[0012] In one or more embodiments, the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film is composed of an aerogel layer, a polyolefin resin layer, and a thermal radiation layer, wherein the thermal radiation layer is a polyolefin resin-nanofiller blend layer, and the polyolefin resin layer and the thermal radiation layer are located on opposite sides of the aerogel layer.

[0013] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminate film is 1000-1500 μm.

[0014] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the aerogel layer is 200-300 μm.

[0015] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the polyolefin resin layer is 400-500 μm.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the thermal radiation layer is 400-500 μm.

[0017] In one or more embodiments, the nanofiller includes at least one of In2O3, Ga2O3, Sb2O3, TiO2, SiO2, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, MnO2, Fe3O4, CuO, PbS, Cr2O3, MXene, and cesium tungsten bronze.

[0018] In one or more embodiments, the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film further includes an adhesive layer located between the aerogel layer and the polyolefin resin layer.

[0019] In one or more embodiments, the adhesive includes at least one of acrylic adhesives, epoxy adhesives, and polyurethane adhesives.

[0020] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the adhesive layer is 100-200 μm.

[0021] In one or more embodiments, the front panel is glass.

[0022] In one or more embodiments, the front panel adhesive film is selected from one or more of polyolefin resins, non-crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, non-crosslinked polyolefin elastomers, non-crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, crosslinked polyolefin elastomers, and crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.

[0023] In one or more embodiments, the solar cell is selected from one or more of the following: crystalline silicon cell, single-junction perovskite cell, chromium telluride cell, gallium arsenide cell, copper indium gallium selenide cell, crystalline silicon / perovskite tandem cell, perovskite / perovskite tandem cell, cadmium telluride / perovskite tandem cell, gallium arsenide / perovskite tandem cell, and gallium selenide / perovskite tandem cell.

[0024] In one or more embodiments, the backsheet is glass or a fluorine-containing backsheet.

[0025] In one or more embodiments, the building-integrated photovoltaic module further comprises butyl rubber covering the sides of the front sheet film, the solar cells, and the back sheet film. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) component according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the polyolefin resin-aerogel blend film in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film composed of an aerogel layer and a polyolefin resin layer in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film, which consists of an aerogel layer, a polyolefin resin layer, and a thermal radiation layer, in Embodiment 3 of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to understand the features and effects of this utility model, the terms and expressions mentioned in the specification and claims are explained and defined in general below. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art regarding this utility model, and in case of conflict, the definitions in this specification shall prevail.

[0031] The theories or mechanisms described and disclosed herein, whether right or wrong, should not limit the scope of this invention in any way; that is, the content of this invention can be implemented without being limited by any specific theory or mechanism.

[0032] In this document, the terms “contains,” “includes,” “containing,” and similar terms encompass the meanings of “basically composed of” and “composed of.” For example, when this document discloses “A contains B and C,” “A is basically composed of B and C” and “A is composed of B and C” should be considered as having been disclosed in this document.

[0033] In this document, all features defined by numerical ranges or percentage ranges, such as numerical values, quantities, contents, and concentrations, are for the sake of brevity and convenience only. Accordingly, descriptions of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered as covering and specifically disclosing all possible sub-ranges and individual numerical values ​​(including integers and fractions) within those ranges.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, percentages refer to mass percentages and proportions refer to mass ratios in this article.

[0035] In this document, when describing embodiments or examples, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the present invention to those embodiments or examples. Rather, all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents of the methods and materials described herein are covered within the scope defined by the claims.

[0036] For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in each implementation scheme or embodiment are described herein. Therefore, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, the technical features in each implementation scheme or embodiment can be combined arbitrarily, and all possible combinations should be considered within the scope of this specification.

[0037] The photovoltaic building integrated module of this utility model includes a front panel, a front panel film, a solar cell, a back panel film (aerogel composite film), and a back panel.

[0038] The backsheet adhesive film of this utility model is a polyolefin resin-aerogel blend film or a polyolefin resin-aerogel laminate film. The thickness of the polyolefin resin-aerogel blend film can be 300-500μm, for example, 300μm, 350μm, 400μm, 450μm or 500μm, or any range of the above values. The thickness of the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminate film can be 600-1500μm, for example, 600μm, 700μm, 800μm, 900μm, 1000μm, 1100μm, 1200μm, 1300μm, 1400μm or 1500μm, or any range of the above values. In this invention, the gel structure is stably maintained during the lamination process, enhancing the film structure and reducing thermal shrinkage. The porous structure of the gel can adsorb film additives, preventing their precipitation. The aerogel has low electrical conductivity, reducing the risk of film leakage. The highly hydrophobic surface of the aerogel reduces overall water permeability of the film. In this invention, the backsheet film may include polyolefin resin, aerogel, and additives; the additives may include silane coupling agents, antioxidants, and light stabilizers.

[0039] The backsheet adhesive film of this invention may include 50-100 parts by weight of polyolefin resin (TPO). For example, the content of the polyolefin resin may be 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 parts by weight, or any range of the above values. The backsheet adhesive film of this invention may include 25-50 parts by weight of aerogel. For example, the content of the aerogel may be 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50 parts by weight, or any range of the above values.

[0040] The backsheet adhesive film of this utility model may include 0.1 parts by weight to 0.5 parts by weight of silane coupling agent. As an example, the content of the silane coupling agent may be 0.1 parts by weight, 0.2 parts by weight, 0.3 parts by weight, 0.4 parts by weight or 0.5 parts by weight, or may be any of the above values.

[0041] The backing film of this invention may include 0.05 parts by weight to 0.1 parts by weight of antioxidant. For example, the content of antioxidant may be 0.05 parts by weight, 0.06 parts by weight, 0.07 parts by weight, 0.08 parts by weight, 0.09 parts by weight or 0.1 parts by weight, or may be any range of the above values.

[0042] The backing film of this invention may include 0.05 parts by weight to 0.1 parts by weight of light stabilizer. For example, the content of light stabilizer may be 0.06 parts by weight, 0.07 parts by weight, 0.08 parts by weight, 0.09 parts by weight or 0.1 parts by weight, or may be any of the above values.

[0043] In this invention, the polyolefin resin may include at least one of ethylene-1-butene copolymer, ethylene-1-hexene copolymer, ethylene-1-octene copolymer, ethylene-1-decene copolymer, and ethylene-1-dodecene copolymer. In this invention, the aerogel may include at least one of TiO2 aerogel, SiO2 aerogel, organic cellulose aerogel, polyurethane aerogel, polypyrrole aerogel, polyamide aerogel, polyimide aerogel, and polyurea aerogel. In this invention, the silane coupling agent may include at least one of KH-550, KH-560, KH-570, A-174, KBM-503, Z-6030, KH-792, A-1120, Z-6020, KBM-603, KH-791, A-151, and A-171. In this invention, the antioxidant may include at least one of antioxidant 1076 or antioxidant 1010. In this invention, the light stabilizer may include at least one of light stabilizer 622, light stabilizer 770, light stabilizer 944, light stabilizer 783, light stabilizer 123, light stabilizer 765, light stabilizer 2908, light stabilizer 531, light stabilizer 327, and light stabilizer 328.

[0044] In this invention, polyolefin resin, silane coupling agent, antioxidant, light stabilizer, and aerogel are blended to form a polyolefin resin-aerogel blend film with a single-layer structure. Specifically, the polyolefin resin-aerogel blend film may include polyolefin resin, aerogel, and additives. The structure of the polyolefin resin-aerogel blend film is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0045] In this invention, the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated membrane can be composed of an aerogel layer (porous aerogel layer) and a polyolefin resin layer (TPO layer); in the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated membrane, the polyolefin resin layer can be located on at least one side of the aerogel layer. The structure of the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated membrane composed of the aerogel layer and the polyolefin resin layer is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0046] In this invention, the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film, composed of an aerogel layer and a polyolefin resin layer, has a thickness of 600-1500 μm, for example, 600 μm, 700 μm, 800 μm, 900 μm, 1000 μm, 1100 μm, 1200 μm, 1300 μm, 1400 μm, or 1500 μm, or any range of the above values. In the same invention, the aerogel layer in the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film can have a thickness of 200-300 μm, for example, 200 μm, 220 μm, 240 μm, 260 μm, 280 μm, or 300 μm, or any range of the above values. In this invention, the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film, composed of an aerogel layer and a polyolefin resin layer, has a thickness of 400-1000 μm, for example, 400 μm, 500 μm, 600 μm, 700 μm, 800 μm, 900 μm, or 1000 μm, or any range of the above values. In this invention, when the polyolefin resin layer is located on one side of the aerogel layer, the thickness of the polyolefin resin layer can be 400-500 μm, for example, 400 μm, 420 μm, 440 μm, 460 μm, 480 μm, or 500 μm, or any range of the above values.

[0047] In this invention, the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated membrane can be composed of an aerogel layer, a polyolefin resin layer, and a thermal radiation layer. In the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated membrane, the thermal radiation layer is a polyolefin resin-nanofiller blend layer, with the polyolefin resin layer and the thermal radiation layer located on opposite sides of the aerogel layer. The structure of the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated membrane composed of the aerogel layer, the polyolefin resin layer, and the thermal radiation layer is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0048] In this invention, a polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film composed of an aerogel layer, a polyolefin resin layer, and a heat-radiating layer is provided. The thickness of the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film can be 1000-1500 μm, for example, 1000 μm, 1100 μm, 1200 μm, 1300 μm, 1400 μm, or 1500 μm, or any range of the aforementioned values. In the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film of this invention, the thickness of the aerogel layer can be 200-300 μm, for example, 200 μm, 220 μm, 240 μm, 260 μm, 280 μm, or 300 μm, or any range of the aforementioned values. In this invention, a polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film composed of an aerogel layer, a polyolefin resin layer, and a thermal radiation layer is disclosed. The thickness of the polyolefin resin layer can be 400-500 μm, for example, 400 μm, 420 μm, 440 μm, 460 μm, 480 μm, or 500 μm, or any range of the aforementioned values. Similarly, the thickness of the thermal radiation layer in this invention can be 400-500 μm. For example, it can be 400 μm, 420 μm, 440 μm, 460 μm, 480 μm, or 500 μm, or any range of the aforementioned values.

[0049] In this invention, the aerogel layer may include aerogel; the polyolefin resin layer may include polyolefin resin and additives; and the thermal radiation layer may include polyolefin resin, additives, and nanofillers. That is, for a polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film composed of an aerogel layer and a polyolefin resin layer, the polyolefin resin, silane coupling agent, antioxidant, and light stabilizer form a high-transmittance layer disposed on at least one side of the aerogel layer, and the two are combined to form a polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film composed of an aerogel layer and a polyolefin resin layer. In other words, for a polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film composed of an aerogel layer, a polyolefin resin layer, and a thermal radiation layer, one side of the aerogel layer has a polyolefin resin layer with high light transmittance, and the other side of the aerogel layer has a thermal radiation layer formed by nanofillers with fast thermal conductivity. The light transmittance layer can improve the light transmittance of the backing film, the aerogel layer can improve the structural stability of the backing film, reduce the probability of additive precipitation, and reduce the electrical conductivity and water vapor transmission rate of the backing film. The thermal radiation layer can improve the heat dissipation capacity of the backing film and reduce the risk of hot spots, thereby improving the overall performance of the backing film and extending its service life.

[0050] In this invention, the nanofiller may include at least one of In2O3, Ga2O3, Sb2O3, TiO2, SiO2, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, MnO2, Fe3O4, CuO, PbS, Cr2O3, MXene, and cesium tungsten bronze. The backsheet adhesive film of this invention may include 5 to 20 parts by weight of nanofiller. For example, the content of the nanofiller may be 5 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, or 20 parts by weight, or any range of the above values.

[0051] In this invention, the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film may further include an adhesive layer, which may be located between the aerogel layer and the polyolefin resin layer; the adhesive layer may contain an adhesive. In some embodiments, the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film may further include a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer, with the first adhesive layer located between the aerogel layer and the polyolefin resin layer, and the second adhesive layer located between the thermal radiation layer and the aerogel layer. In this invention, the thickness of the adhesive layer can be 100-200 μm. For example, it can be 100 μm, 120 μm, 140 μm, 160 μm, 180 μm, or 300 μm, or any range of the above values.

[0052] In this invention, the adhesive may include at least one of acrylic adhesives, epoxy adhesives, and polyurethane adhesives. This improves the adhesion between the polyolefin resin layer and the aerogel layer, reducing the risk of the polyolefin resin layer detaching. The material forming the adhesive layer includes at least one of 2,4,7,9-tetramethyldecyl-5-yne-4,7-diol, hydroxymethyl bisphenol A epoxy resin, and triphenylmethane-4,4'-triisocyanate. In this invention, the adhesive content can be 5 parts by weight to 10 parts by weight. As an example, the adhesive content can be 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, or 10 parts by weight, or any range of the above values.

[0053] In some embodiments, the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film, composed of an aerogel layer, a polyolefin resin layer, and a heat-radiating layer, comprises: 50-100 parts by weight of polyolefin resin; 25-50 parts by weight of aerogel; 0.1-0.5 parts by weight of silane coupling agent; 0.05-0.1 parts by weight of antioxidant; 0.05-0.1 parts by weight of light stabilizer; and 5-20 parts by weight of nanofiller. In some embodiments, when the aerogel layer has a polyolefin resin layer and a heat-radiating layer on both sides, the types and contents of the polyolefin resin, silane coupling agent, antioxidant, and light stabilizer in the polyolefin resin layer and the heat-radiating layer are the same. In other words, the total content of polyolefin resin (50-100 parts by weight), silane coupling agent (0.1-0.5 parts by weight), antioxidant (0.05-0.1 parts by weight), and light stabilizer (0.05-0.1 parts by weight) in the entire backing film is as follows: the content of polyolefin resin, silane coupling agent, antioxidant, and light stabilizer in the polyolefin resin layer and the heat radiation layer is each half.

[0054] In this utility model of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module, the front panel can be glass.

[0055] In this utility model of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module, the solar cell can be selected from one or more of the following: crystalline silicon cell, single-junction perovskite cell, chromium telluride cell, gallium arsenide cell, copper indium gallium selenide cell, crystalline silicon / perovskite tandem cell, perovskite / perovskite tandem cell, cadmium telluride / perovskite tandem cell, gallium arsenide / perovskite tandem cell, and gallium selenide / perovskite tandem cell.

[0056] In this building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module, the front panel encapsulant film can be selected from one or more of polyolefin resin (TPO), non-crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), non-crosslinked polyolefin elastomer (POE), non-crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVE), crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), crosslinked polyolefin elastomer (POE), and crosslinked EVE. When the solar cell is a perovskite cell, the front panel encapsulant film can be selected from one or more of non-crosslinked EVA, non-crosslinked POE, and non-crosslinked EVE; when the solar cell is a non-perovskite cell, the front panel encapsulant film can be selected from one or more of non-crosslinked EVA, non-crosslinked POE, non-crosslinked EVE, crosslinked EVA, crosslinked POE, and crosslinked EVE.

[0057] In this utility model of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module, the backsheet can be a glass backsheet or a fluorine-containing backsheet.

[0058] In this utility model of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module, the BIPV module also includes butyl rubber, which can cover the sides of the front panel film, solar cells, and back panel film.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: the present invention can obtain a photovoltaic building integrated module with high water resistance, high insulation, high enhancement and effective heat preservation without adding an additional insulation layer.

[0060] The present invention will be described below by way of specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise stated, the methods, reagents, and materials used in the embodiments are conventional methods, reagents, and materials in the art. The raw material compounds in the embodiments are all commercially available.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] Preparation in this embodiment Figure 1 The photovoltaic building integrated module shown below has the following specific steps:

[0063] (1) 75 parts by weight of ethylene-1-butene copolymer were blended and grafted with 0.1 parts by weight of silane coupling agent KH-550 to obtain masterbatch;

[0064] (2) 35 parts by weight of SiO2 aerogel were mechanically broken and then blended with masterbatch, 0.05 parts by weight of antioxidant 1076 and 0.05 parts by weight of light stabilizer 622. The mixture was then extruded and cast into a film by a single screw extruder at a casting temperature of 100°C to obtain a polyolefin resin-aerogel blend film with a thickness of 0.5 mm, which is the backing film.

[0065] (3) Preparation of encapsulation structure: (a) Butyl adhesive is applied around the perovskite single-junction cell with front glass; (b) Front sheet adhesive film (TPO) is laid; (c) Crystalline silicon solar cell strings are laid, and thermocouples are attached to the cell surface; (d) Back sheet adhesive film is laid; (e) Back sheet glass is laid, and black busbars are led out from the back sheet adhesive film to the back sheet opening; (f) Lamination; (g) Frame (black frame), junction box installation, and curing are performed to obtain a building-integrated photovoltaic module.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] Preparation in this embodiment Figure 1 The photovoltaic building integrated module shown below has the following specific steps:

[0068] (1) 75 parts by weight of ethylene-1-butene copolymer were blended and grafted with 0.1 parts by weight of silane coupling agent KH-550 to obtain masterbatch;

[0069] (2) The masterbatch, 0.05 parts by weight of antioxidant 1076 and 0.05 parts by weight of light stabilizer 622 are blended and extruded by a single screw to obtain a polyolefin resin layer with a thickness of 400 μm. The casting temperature is 100℃. The polyolefin resin layer is combined with 35 parts by weight of SiO2 aerogel felt with a thickness of 300 μm to form a polyolefin resin-aerogel laminate film composed of an aerogel layer and a polyolefin resin layer, namely the backing film.

[0070] (3) is the same as step (3) in Example 1.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] Preparation in this embodiment Figure 1 The photovoltaic building integrated module shown below has the following specific steps:

[0073] (1) 75 parts by weight of ethylene-1-butene copolymer were blended and grafted with 0.1 parts by weight of silane coupling agent KH-550 to obtain masterbatch;

[0074] (2) The masterbatch, 0.05 parts by weight of antioxidant 1076 and 0.05 parts by weight of light stabilizer 622 are mixed to obtain a mixture;

[0075] (3) Take 1 / 2 of the mixture and blend it with 5 parts by weight of nanofiller carbon black to obtain the first mixture. The remaining 1 / 2 of the mixture is the second mixture. The first mixture is formed by single-screw extrusion casting on one side of 35 parts by weight of aerogel felt SiO2 with a thickness of 200 μm to obtain a polyolefin resin layer with a thickness of 500 μm. The casting temperature is 100℃. The second mixture is formed by single-screw extrusion casting on the other side of the aerogel layer. The casting temperature is 100℃. A 500 μm thick heat radiation layer is obtained at the same time as the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminate film composed of the aerogel layer, the polyolefin resin layer and the heat radiation layer, i.e., the backing film.

[0076] (4) is the same as step (3) in Example 1.

[0077] Comparative Example 1

[0078] The conditions for this comparative example are the same as those for Example 1, except that the backsheet film of this comparative example does not contain aerogel.

[0079] Test case

[0080] The photovoltaic building-integrated modules prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to DH1000, TC200, HF30, PID, and mechanical load tests according to the IEC 61215 standard. The test structures are shown in Table 1. The DH1000 and HF30 test results reflect the module's water-blocking performance, the PID test results reflect its insulation performance, and the mechanical load test determines the module's ability to withstand static loads such as wind, snow, or icing, thus demonstrating the module's enhanced performance.

[0081] Table 1: Performance of Building-integrated Photovoltaic Modules Prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] The aerogel structure remains stable during the lamination process, enhancing the film structure and reducing thermal shrinkage. The double-layer structure in Example 2, the sandwich structure in Example 3, and the addition of the adhesive layer further enhance the bonding force between the layers, thus exhibiting stronger structural advantages and less attenuation during load testing. Aerogel has low electrical conductivity, effectively reducing the risk of film leakage. The double-layer structure in Example 2 and the sandwich structure in Example 3 further delay the precipitation of additives, extending the conductive path and further reducing the risk of leakage. The highly hydrophobic surface of the aerogel reduces the overall water permeability of the film. The sandwich structure in Example 3 constitutes a double-sided hydrophobic structure, further enhancing water-blocking performance.

Claims

1. A building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module, characterized in that, The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module comprises a front panel, a front panel film, a solar cell, a back panel film, and a back panel stacked sequentially. The back panel film is a polyolefin resin-aerogel blend film or a polyolefin resin-aerogel laminate film. The thickness of the polyolefin resin-aerogel blend film is 300-500 μm, and the thickness of the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminate film is 600-1500 μm.

2. The building-integrated photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film is composed of an aerogel layer and a polyolefin resin layer, wherein the polyolefin resin layer is located on at least one side of the aerogel layer.

3. The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film is 600-1500 μm; The thickness of the aerogel layer is 200-300 μm; The thickness of the polyolefin resin layer is 400-1000 μm.

4. The building-integrated photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film is composed of an aerogel layer, a polyolefin resin layer, and a thermal radiation layer. The thermal radiation layer is a polyolefin resin-nanofiller blend layer, and the polyolefin resin layer and the thermal radiation layer are located on both sides of the aerogel layer.

5. The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The thickness of the polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film is 1000-1500 μm; The thickness of the aerogel layer is 200-300 μm; The thickness of the polyolefin resin layer is 400-500 μm; The thickness of the thermal radiation layer is 400-500 μm.

6. The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module as described in claim 2 or 4, characterized in that, The polyolefin resin-aerogel laminated film further includes an adhesive layer, which is located between the aerogel layer and the polyolefin resin layer.

7. The building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The thickness of the adhesive layer is 100-200 μm.

8. The building-integrated photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The front panel is made of glass; The solar cell is selected from one or more of the following: crystalline silicon cell, single-junction perovskite cell, chromium telluride cell, gallium arsenide cell, copper indium gallium selenide cell, crystalline silicon / perovskite tandem cell, perovskite / perovskite tandem cell, cadmium telluride / perovskite tandem cell, gallium arsenide / perovskite tandem cell, and gallium selenide / perovskite tandem cell. The backplate is made of glass or a fluorine-containing backplate.

9. The building-integrated photovoltaic module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The building-integrated photovoltaic module also includes butyl rubber, which covers the sides of the front panel film, the solar cells, and the back panel film.

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