Shield tunneling machine with cooling structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to a shield machine technical field, concretely to a shield machine hob cutter with cooling structure, including knife ring, cutter body, end plate, cutter shaft, bearing, sealing washer, baffle, still including cooling structure, the knife ring sets up at the periphery of cutter body, prevents the knife ring from falling off through the baffle fixed cutter body, sets up the bearing in the cutter body, the left and right sides of bearing are provided with end plate, the sealing washer sets up between end plate and bearing, cooling structure includes hole one, hole two and hole five, hole one and hole two set up in end plate, hole five sets up in cutter shaft, this shield machine hob cutter with cooling structure sets up the water flow channel in end plate and cutter shaft, and the water flow flows into through hole five of cutter shaft and flows to hole one through hole two, and the water flow finally sprays out and falls on the surface of knife ring and is helpful to reduce the high temperature caused by the heat generated in the process of tunneling of knife ring, plays the role of protecting knife ring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel boring machine (TBM) cutter technology, and in particular to a TBM roller cutter with a cooling structure. Background Technology

[0002] When the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine rotates at high speed to break through hard rock strata, the intense friction between the cutterhead and the rock generates high temperatures (up to 200°C or higher), which leads to: annealing and softening of the cutterhead material, accelerating wear; failure of bearing lubrication, causing jamming or damage; and aging and oil leakage of the sealing ring, shortening the life of the cutterhead.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN202120770786.0 discloses a novel hob cutter, including a hob cutter body. The hob cutter body includes a cutter ring, a cutter hub, an end cap, a cutter shaft, and a floating sealing ring. Cooling devices are provided above both ends of the cutter shaft. Grooves are formed on the outer circumference of the cutter ring to form cutting teeth. The upper end of the cutting teeth includes diamond composite sheets and alloy rings arranged inside and outside. Diamond blocks are provided on both sides of the cutting teeth.

[0004] According to its publicly disclosed plan, its cooling device consists of a coolant nozzle on each side of the cutter shaft. The problem is that the high temperature generated by the friction between the cutter and the rock mass during shield tunneling is not effectively cooled by just two coolant nozzles. Furthermore, it only cools the surface of the cutter ring, while the high temperature inside the cutter ring is not reduced, which can also cause damage to the cutter ring.

[0005] To address this, a tunnel boring machine cutter with a cooling structure is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0006] One of the technical problems this application aims to solve is that the cooling efficiency of the related device is insufficient, and the high temperature inside the cutter ring is not reduced even though the surface of the cutter ring is cooled, which will also cause damage to the cutter ring.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a shield machine cutterhead with a cooling structure, including a cutter ring, cutter body, end plate, cutter shaft, bearing, sealing ring, retaining ring, and a cooling structure;

[0008] The cutter ring is set on the outer periphery of the cutter body and is fixed by a retaining ring to prevent the cutter ring from falling off;

[0009] A bearing is installed inside the cutter body, and a hole is provided in the center of the bearing for the cutter shaft to pass through;

[0010] The bearing has end plates on both the left and right sides, and the sealing ring is placed between the end plates and the bearing.

[0011] The cooling structure includes channel one, channel two, and channel five. Channel one and channel two are located inside the end plate, and channel five is located inside the cutter shaft.

[0012] In some embodiments, the cross-section of the cutter ring is approximately T-shaped, a retaining ring is provided on the right side of the cutter ring, and the cutter ring is a circular strip with a larger inner circle and a smaller outer circle.

[0013] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the blade body contacts the bearing, and the inner wall of the blade body is in close contact with the top surface of the end plate.

[0014] In some embodiments, a channel five is provided on both the left and right sides of the cutter shaft. The diameter of the cross-sectional circle of the channel five is one-tenth of that of the cutter shaft. The channel five is a straight channel. One end of the channel five is connected to an external water supply pipe, and the other end of the channel five is connected to a channel one.

[0015] In some embodiments, one form of channel one is a plurality of radial straight channels, one end of channel one is connected to channel five, the other end of channel one is connected to channel two, channel two is a straight channel, and the angle between channel two and the vertical direction is less than 45 degrees.

[0016] In some embodiments, another form of channel one is a vortex line form, with the beginning of channel one in the vortex line form connected to channel five, and the other end of channel one in the vortex line form connected to channel two.

[0017] In some embodiments, water pump 2 is connected to the left and right ends of water pump 1 via water pipe 2, and the water outlet is connected to the left end of water pump 3 via water pipe 3.

[0018] In some embodiments, another form of the cooling structure also includes channel three and channel four. Channel three is disposed inside the blade body and is in the form of a horizontal straight channel. Both ends of channel three are connected to channel two. Channel two passes through the end plate and the blade body. Channel four is a vertical straight channel that passes through the blade ring and the blade body. One end of channel four is connected to channel three, and the other end of channel four leads to the interior of the blade ring.

[0019] This utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. By setting water flow channels in the end plate and cutter shaft, water flows from the fifth channel of the cutter shaft through the second channel to the first channel. The water finally sprays out from the first channel and lands on the surface of the cutter ring, which helps to reduce the temperature generated by the cutter ring during the tunneling process and protects the cutter ring. At the same time, since the end plate rotates together with the cutter ring, the centrifugal force generated can accelerate the water when it is sprayed out, thereby increasing the speed of the water spray. The water with increased speed can impact and wash the mud on the cutter ring, thus playing a cleaning role.

[0021] 2. Direct contact between the inner wall of the cutter body and the bearing facilitates the rotation of the cutter body and cutter ring around the cutter shaft. Compared with traditional bearings with inner and outer frames, this is equivalent to integrating the outer frame with the cutter body, reducing space and friction on the bearing, which helps to reduce the heat generated by the friction of the cutter bearing during tunnel boring machine excavation.

[0022] 3. By setting channels inside the cutter body and cutter ring, water can be directly directed to the inside of the cutter body and cutter ring, directly cooling the heat generated by the cutter ring during the tunnel boring machine's excavation process, thus improving cooling efficiency. At the same time, the channels inside the cutter body and cutter ring form a circulation path, allowing the water to be recycled, thereby reducing the water flow rate. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a front view and a cross-sectional view (AA) of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a front view and a BB cross-sectional view of the overall structure in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a side view and a CC cross-sectional view of the overall structure in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure in Embodiment 3 of this utility model.

[0030] In the diagram: 100-Cutter ring; 200-Cutter body; 300-End plate; 301-Channel 1; 302-Channel 2; 303-Channel 3; 304-Channel 4; 400-Cutter shaft; 401-Channel 5; 500-Bearing; 600-Sealing ring; 700-Stabilizing ring. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0032] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1-3 This utility model provides a technical solution including a blade ring 100, a blade body 200, an end plate 300, a blade shaft 400, a bearing 500, a sealing ring 600, a retaining ring 700, and also includes a cooling structure;

[0033] Specifically, the cutter ring 100 is set on the periphery of the cutter body 200, and the cutter ring 100 is fixed by the retaining ring 700, and together with the cutter body 200, the cutter ring 100 is fixed to prevent the cutter ring 100 from falling off and to protect the cutter ring 100.

[0034] Specifically, a bearing 500 is provided inside the cutter body 200, and a hole is provided in the center of the bearing 500 for the cutter shaft 400 to pass through, so that the cutter shaft 400 passes through the hole in the center of the bearing 500, and the bearing 500 and the cutter body 200 rotate around the cutter shaft 400 during the use of the cutter.

[0035] Specifically, end plates 300 are provided on the left and right sides of the bearing 500, and sealing rings 600 are provided between the end plates 300 and the bearing 500 to prevent water from entering the cutter and to provide a sealing function.

[0036] Specifically, the end plate 300 has a hole at its center for the cutter shaft 400 to pass through. The hole diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the shaft 400, so that the cutter shaft 400 can pass through the end plate 300 and then spray out and fall onto the cutter ring 100 to cool the cutter during the tunneling process.

[0037] Specifically, the cooling structure includes channel one 301, channel two 302 and channel five 401. Channel one 301 and channel two 302 are located inside the end plate 300, and channel five 401 is located inside the cutter shaft 400. With the above scheme, since the cutter shaft 400 passes through the end plate 300, water can enter from channel five 401 of the cutter shaft 400, pass through channel one 301 and channel two 401 and spray out from the end plate 300. The water falls onto the cutter ring 100 to cool the cutter.

[0038] Example 2, see Figures 1-2 The cross-section of the cutter ring 100 is approximately triangular. A retaining ring 700 is provided on the right side of the cutter ring 100. The cutter ring 100 is a circular strip with a larger inner circle and a smaller outer circle. The purpose of this arrangement is that the approximately triangular shape results in a smaller outer circle and a larger inner circle. During the rotation of the cutter around the cutter shaft 400, the outer circle has a smaller contact area with the soil at the working face. Therefore, a sharp cutting edge is formed during the rotation, which is convenient for cutting the soil. The larger inner circle is connected to the cutter body and works together with the retaining ring 700 to maintain the stability of the cutter ring during the rotation, protect the cutter ring, and prevent the cutter ring from falling off.

[0039] Example 3, see Figure 2The inner wall of the cutter body 200 contacts the bearing 500, and the inner wall of the cutter body 200 is in close contact with the top surface of the end plate 300. This ensures that during the rotation of the cutter, the cutter body 200, the bearing 500, and the end plate 300 rotate together around the cutter shaft 400. The direct contact between the inner wall of the cutter body 200 and the bearing 500 facilitates the rotation of the cutter body 200 and the cutter ring 100 around the cutter shaft 400. Compared with the traditional bearing 500 with an inner and outer frame, this design integrates the outer frame and the cutter body 200 into one, reducing the space required for the outer frame of the bearing 500 and saving space. It also eliminates the friction between the conical roller of the bearing 500 and the traditional outer frame of the bearing 500. Only the friction between the conical roller of the bearing 500 and the inner frame needs to be considered. Therefore, the friction force on the bearing 500 is reduced, which helps to reduce the heat generated by the friction of the cutter bearing 500 during the tunnel boring machine's excavation process, increases the service life of the bearing 500, and indirectly increases the service life of the cutter, which is in line with the concept of energy conservation and environmental protection.

[0040] Example 4, see Figure 2 The cutter shaft 400 has five channels 401 on both its left and right sides. The diameter of the cross-sectional circle of channel five 401 is one-tenth of that of the cutter shaft 400. Channel five 401 is a straight channel. One end of channel five 401 is connected to an external water supply pipe, and the other end is connected to channel one 301. The purpose of this arrangement is that by setting the diameter of channel five 401 to one-tenth of that of the cutter shaft 400, the cross-sectional area of ​​channel five 401 is equivalent to one-hundredth of the cross-sectional area of ​​the cutter shaft 400. This means that opening a hole in the cross-section of the cutter shaft 400 has little impact on the overall rigidity and strength of the cutter shaft 400. Furthermore, channel five 401 is a straight channel, which facilitates water flow. The purpose of channel five 401 is to allow the water from the external water pipe to flow through channel five 401 to channel one 301, so that the water can be guided into the end plate 300 to achieve the final cooling of the cutter ring 100.

[0041] Example 5, see Figure 3One form of channel 301 is several radially arranged straight channels. One end of channel 301 connects to channel 401, and the other end connects to channel 302. Channel 302 is also a straight channel, and the angle between channel 302 and the vertical direction is less than 45 degrees. The purpose of this arrangement is to increase the coverage and flow rate of the water flow after it exits channel 302, so as to improve the performance of the cutter ring 100. For better cooling, the second channel 302 is also arranged radially, similar to the first channel 301. The purpose of the second channel 302 having an angle of less than 45 degrees with the vertical direction is to ensure that the water flow can fall onto the cutter ring 100 when it sprays out from the second channel 302. If the angle between the second channel 302 and the vertical direction is too large, the water flow will pass over the cutter ring 100 and fall into the area in front of the cutter ring 100 after spraying out from the second channel 302. Such a setting cannot achieve a good cooling effect, is not conducive to the maintenance of the cutter, and accelerates the damage of the cutter.

[0042] The following is combined Figures 1-3 A detailed description of the tool cooling process:

[0043] like Figures 1-3 As shown, during the tunnel boring machine's (TBM) excavation process, the cutter ring 100 is mounted on the cutter body 200, and the cutter ring 100 and the cutter body 200 are fixed by a retaining ring 700 to prevent the cutter ring 100 from falling off and to protect the cutter ring 100. The inner wall of the cutter body 200 contacts the bearing 500, and at the same time, the inner wall of the cutter body 200 contacts the outer periphery of the end plate 300. The inner walls of the end plates 300 on both sides contact the outer sides of the bearing 500 on both sides, and are provided with sealing rings 600 for waterproof sealing. Holes for the cutter shaft 400 to pass through are provided at the center of both the end plates 300 and the bearing 500. The diameter of the holes is equal to the outer diameter of the cutter shaft 400. The cutter body 200 drives the cutter ring 100 and the end plates 300 to rotate around the cutter shaft 400 through the bearing 500. During the excavation process, the cutter ring 100 generates heat due to friction with the rock and soil, causing the temperature of the cutter ring 100 to rise. At this time, the temperature rises through the hole 40... Water flows through channel 1, passing through channel 5 401 and flowing from the interface between channel 5 401 and channel 1 301 to channel 1 301. Channel 1 301 is a series of radial straight channels. The water flows radially into channel 2 302. Channel 2 302 is a straight channel, and the angle between channel 2 302 and the vertical direction is less than 45 degrees. This ensures that the water sprayed from channel 2 302 can fall onto the surface of the cutter ring 100, reducing the high temperature generated by the friction between the cutter ring 100 and the rock. At the same time, since the end plate 300 rotates around the cutter shaft 400 along with the cutter body 200, the centrifugal force generated can give the water spray acceleration. Therefore, the water flowing out of channel 2 302 has acceleration, thereby increasing the speed of the water spray. The water with increased speed can impact and wash the mud on the cutter ring 100, playing a cleaning role.

[0044] Example 6: Compared with Example 5, this example is as follows: Figures 4-6 As shown, the difference lies in the form of channel 1 301, which is a vortex line. The beginning of the vortex line channel 1 301 is connected to channel 5 401, and the other end of the vortex line channel 1 301 is connected to channel 2 302. There are four channels 2 302 in this form, and the angle between channel 2 302 and the vertical direction is less than 45 degrees. This makes it convenient for the water flow to fall onto the cutter ring 100 when it sprays out from channel 2 302. If the angle between channel 2 302 and the vertical direction is too large, the water flow will pass over the cutter ring 100 and fall into the area in front of the cutter ring 100 after it sprays out from channel 2 302. This setting cannot achieve a good cooling effect, is not conducive to the maintenance of the cutter, and accelerates the damage of the cutter. Compared to the radial structure, the vortex-shaped channel 301, while subject to centrifugal force as the end plate 300 rotates around the cutter shaft 400, experiences a different centrifugal force due to the vortex structure. This combined centrifugal force results in greater acceleration and velocity for the water flowing out of the vortex-shaped channel 301 compared to the radial structure. Consequently, the water flowing from the vortex-shaped channel 301 lands on the cutter ring 100 much faster than from the radial structure. This results in more water flowing out and landing on the cutter ring 100 within the same timeframe, leading to faster and higher cooling rates and a better cooling effect. This significantly improves the cooling effect and rate of the cutter, facilitating tool maintenance, extending tool life, and aligning with energy conservation and environmental protection principles.

[0045] The working process of this type of cooling structure is as follows: Water is introduced into channel five 401. The water flows through channel five 401 and from the interface between channel five 401 and channel one 301 to channel one 301. When the water flows through channel one 301, it passes through a spiral vortex-shaped channel. Because the end plate 300 rotates around the cutter shaft 400 with the cutter body 200 and the cutter ring 100, it is subjected to centrifugal force. Compared with the radial structure of channel one 301, the vortex-shaped channel one 301, in addition to the centrifugal force experienced by the end plate 300 itself rotating around the cutter shaft 400, is also affected by the vortex-shaped channel one 301. The vortex structure subjects the water flow to a different centrifugal force than the rotation of the end plate 300 itself. Based on the superposition of these two centrifugal forces, the water flow in the vortex-shaped channel 301 has a greater acceleration and a greater velocity when it exits the channel 302 compared to the radial structure channel 301. Therefore, the water flow has a greater acceleration and a greater velocity when it flows out of the channel 302, which allows the water flow to fall onto the surface of the cutter ring 100 more quickly, thereby reducing the temperature of the cutter ring 100 and protecting it.

[0046] Example 7: Unlike Examples 5 and 6, as... Figure 7 As shown, the cooling structure also includes channel three 303 and channel four 304. Channel three 303 is located inside the cutter body 200 and is a horizontal straight channel. Both ends of channel three 303 are connected to channel two 302. Channel two 302 passes through the end plate 300 and the cutter body 200. Channel four 304 is a vertical straight channel that passes through the cutter ring 100 and the cutter body 200. One end of channel four 304 is connected to channel three 303, and the other end of channel four 304 leads to the interior of the cutter ring 100. The cooling structure works as follows: Water is introduced into channel five 401. The water flows through channel five 401 and from the interface between channel five 401 and channel one 301 to channel one 301. The water flows through channel one 301 to channel two 302. Channel two 302 passes through end plate 300 and cutter body 200. The water flows through end plate 300 to cutter body 200 and into channel three 303. A portion of the water flows through channel three 303 to channel four 304. In other words, the water flows through cutter body 200 to cutter ring 100, which can directly produce cooling effect on cutter ring 100. The high temperature generated is cooled more efficiently and effectively than cooling the surface of the cutter ring 100. Simultaneously, a portion of the water flowing through channel 303 flows to channel 303 and channel 202 on the other side. This creates a water flow cycle from left channel 501, channel 101, channel 202, channel 303 to right channel 303, channel 202, channel 101, channel 501. Besides injecting water from channel 501 on both sides of the cutter shaft 400, water can also be injected from channel 501 on one side. The water injected into 401 flows through a circulation channel into the other side, channel 401. Water can be introduced from either side of channel 401, passing through channel 401, channel 1, channel 2, channel 303 on the left, channel 303, channel 2, channel 1, and finally into channel 401 on the right, completing a large circulation of cooling water. This saves water, and the water injection can complete the cooling work of the entire cutting tool. This not only facilitates subsequent tunneling work, but also saves energy and is environmentally friendly, in line with the concept of green development.

[0047] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0048] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring machine cutterhead with a cooling structure, comprising a cutter ring (100), a cutter body (200), an end plate (300), a cutter shaft (400), a bearing (500), a sealing ring (600), and a retaining ring (700), characterized in that: It also includes cooling structures; The blade ring (100) is disposed on the periphery of the blade body (200), and the blade ring (100) is fixed by the retaining ring (700) to prevent the blade ring (100) from falling off; The bearing (500) is provided inside the cutter body (200), and the bearing (500) has a hole in the center for the cutter shaft (400) to pass through; The bearing (500) is provided with end plates (300) on both the left and right sides, and the sealing ring (600) is provided between the end plates (300) and the bearing (500); The cooling structure includes a first channel (301), a second channel (302) and a fifth channel (401). The first channel (301) and the second channel (302) are disposed in the end plate (300), and the fifth channel (401) is disposed in the cutter shaft (400).

2. The shield machine cutterhead with a cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-section of the blade ring (100) is approximately triangular. The retaining ring (700) is provided on the right side of the blade ring (100). The blade ring (100) is a circular strip with a larger inner circle and a smaller outer circle.

3. A tunnel boring machine cutterhead with a cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the blade body (200) is in contact with the bearing (500), and the inner wall of the blade body (200) is in close contact with the top surface of the end plate (300).

4. A tunnel boring machine cutterhead with a cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter shaft (400) has five channels (401) on both the left and right sides. The diameter of the cross-sectional circle of the five channels (401) is one-tenth of that of the cutter shaft (400). The five channels (401) are straight channels. One end of the five channels (401) is connected to an external water supply pipe, and the other end of the five channels (401) is connected to the first channel (301).

5. A tunnel boring machine cutterhead with a cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: One form of the first channel (301) is several radial straight channels. One end of the first channel (301) is connected to the fifth channel (401), and the other end of the first channel (301) is connected to the second channel (302). The second channel (302) is a straight channel, and the angle between the second channel (302) and the vertical direction is less than 45 degrees.

6. A tunnel boring machine cutterhead with a cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Another form of the first channel (301) is a vortex line form. The beginning of the first channel (301) in the vortex line form is connected to the fifth channel (401), and the other end of the first channel (301) in the vortex line form is connected to the second channel (302).

7. A tunnel boring machine cutterhead with a cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Another form of the cooling structure also includes channel three (303) and channel four (304). Channel three (303) is disposed inside the blade body (200). Channel three (303) is a horizontal straight channel. Both ends of channel three (303) are connected to channel two (302). Channel two (302) passes through the end plate (300) and the blade body (200). Channel four (304) is a vertical straight channel. Channel four (304) passes through the blade ring (100) and the blade body (200). One end of channel four (304) is connected to channel three (303), and the other end of channel four (304) leads to the interior of the blade ring (100).

Images