A composite support structure for a subsequent filling mining method

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of composite support structure of subsequent filling mining method, including buffer cover shell, support pile, anchor rod, steel net rack and anchor spray layer;Anchor rod is anchored in the vault of roadway with uniform interval around;Buffer cover shell includes cover shell plate, support block and buffer pad;Support block is fixed in the middle of cover shell plate upper surface, and by anchor rod and the vault of roadway abutment fixed, so that buffer interlayer is formed between cover shell plate and vault;Buffer pad is arranged in buffer interlayer, to absorb the expansion deformation of vault;Support pile is vertically fixed in roadway both sides;The both ends of steel net rack are fixed and erected on support pile, and the upper surface of steel net rack is connected with buffer cover shell abutment and is fixedly connected with anchor rod;The lower surface of steel net rack is provided with anchor spray layer of anchor spray setting.In vault and between anchor spray layer, buffer interlayer with compression energy-absorbing efficacy is formed, can adaptively deform to reduce the influence generated by deformation, absorb internal stress, reduce the influence of vault deformation on anchoring layer, reduce the risk of hollowing, cracking of anchor spray layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mining support technology, specifically to a composite support structure for subsequent filling mining methods. Background Technology

[0002] Subsequent filling mining refers to dividing the ore body into several mining units according to the principle of "mining first and filling later", completing mining operations in sequence, and promptly filling the goaf with materials such as cementing, paste, and tailings to restore the integrity of the surrounding rock, control the impact of ground pressure, and improve mining safety and resource recovery rate.

[0003] Subsequently, in filling mining methods, anchor-sprayed support technology is commonly used to reinforce the roadway cross section in a closed manner. The specific method is to lay anchor bolts and steel mesh along the roadway arch and both sides, and spray concrete to form an overall closed structure, thereby achieving active constraint of the surrounding rock and structural stability.

[0004] During underground mining of deep ore bodies or complex structural zones, the stability of the surrounding rock near the ore body is poor, and interlayers and gypsum interlayers are widely distributed within the ore body. The rock interlayers are extremely fragmented, and due to their own material properties, the gypsum interlayers are very easy to absorb water and expand. Once they react with water, they will produce significant volume expansion, causing the roof rock mass to expand, crack, peel off, or even partially collapse, forming a typical "roof collapse" hazard.

[0005] Traditional anchor-sprayed structures are usually rigidly and directly attached to the surrounding rock. When the roof expands or the structure bulges, the stress accumulation cannot be released. Once the roof expands and thrusts locally, it will directly act on the sprayed layer structure, which can easily cause the sprayed layer to crack and become hollow, resulting in a decrease in the support effect.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to study a composite support structure for subsequent filling mining methods. Utility Model Content

[0007] Therefore, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a composite support structure for subsequent filling mining methods, which can effectively solve the problem that existing anchor spray layers are prone to hollowing and cracking when the gypsum interlayer expands when exposed to water.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0009] A composite support structure for subsequent filling mining includes a buffer shell, support piles, anchor bolts, a steel grid frame, and a shotcrete layer;

[0010] The anchor bolts are evenly spaced around the circumference and anchored to the arch of the roadway; multiple sets of the buffer cover are provided along the arch of the roadway.

[0011] The buffer cover includes a cover plate, a support block, and a buffer pad;

[0012] The support block is fixed in the middle of the upper surface of the cover plate. The support block has anchoring holes for anchor bolts to pass through, and is fixed to the arch of the roadway by the anchor bolts, so that a buffer layer is formed between the cover plate and the arch.

[0013] The buffer pad is disposed in the buffer interlayer to absorb the expansion deformation of the dome;

[0014] The support piles are vertically fixed on both sides of the roadway;

[0015] The steel space frame is an arched structure. Both ends of the steel space frame are fixedly erected on the support piles. The upper surface of the steel space frame is in contact with the buffer cover and fixedly connected with the anchor rods. The lower surface of the steel space frame is provided with an anchor spray layer.

[0016] Furthermore, the buffer covers are arranged at intervals, and adjacent buffer covers are fixedly connected by connecting seats.

[0017] Furthermore, the connecting seat includes a fixing part and a side wing part. The fixing part is located between two adjacent buffer covers. The fixing part has a fixing hole for the anchor rod to pass through, and is fixed to the arch of the roadway by the anchor rod.

[0018] The side wings are fixed on both sides of the fixed part, and the two side wings are respectively attached to the lower surface of the two adjacent cover plates.

[0019] Furthermore, a contraction gap is maintained between the buffer pad and the fixing part.

[0020] Furthermore, the connecting seat extends along the length of the tunnel to cover the gap between two adjacent buffer covers.

[0021] Furthermore, a waterproof layer is provided between the buffer cover and the arch of the tunnel.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0023] This utility model incorporates a buffer cover, in which the cover plate is connected to the anchor rod via a central support block, achieving localized rigid anchoring to the arch. A buffer pad is filled between the cover plate and the arch, preserving overall buffer space while providing localized fixed support. This creates a synergistic effect of "rigid positioning + flexible buffering," forming a buffer interlayer with compression energy absorption between the arch and the anchor spray layer. This interlayer can adapt to deformation to reduce the impact of deformation, absorb internal stress, reduce the impact of arch deformation on the anchor layer, and lower the risk of hollowing and cracking in the anchor spray layer. It effectively resists problems such as roof bulging and spray layer cracking caused by water expansion of the gypsum interlayer, enhancing the overall stability and deformation adaptability of the support system. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle;

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a top view of the buffer enclosure;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a top view of the connector.

[0029] Reference numerals: 1. Buffer cover; 2. Support pile; 3. Anchor bolt; 4. Steel grid frame; 5. Anchor spray layer; 6. Tunnel; 7. Connecting seat; 8. Waterproof layer; 101. Cover plate; 102. Support block; 103. Buffer pad; 104. Anchor hole; 105. Contraction gap; 601. Arch; 701. Fixing part; 702. Side wing; 703. Fixing hole. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0031] This embodiment aims to provide a composite support structure for subsequent filling mining, which is mainly used for anchor spraying support of roadways in subsequent filling mining. It effectively solves the problem that existing anchor spraying layers are prone to hollowing and cracking when the gypsum interlayer expands when exposed to water.

[0032] A composite support structure for subsequent filling mining methods, such as Figure 1 It includes a buffer cover 1, support piles 2, anchor bolts 3, steel grid frame 4, and anchor spray layer 5. The anchor bolts 3 are evenly spaced around the circumference and anchored to the arch 601 of the tunnel 6 to reinforce the arch 601.

[0033] Four sets of buffer covers 1 are installed along the arch 601 of the roadway 6, and are continuously arranged along the extension direction of the roadway 6. The buffer cover 1 includes a cover plate 101, a support block 102, and a buffer pad 103. Figure 4 The support block 102 is integrally formed and fixed in the middle of the upper surface of the cover plate 101. The support block 102 has anchoring holes 104 for anchor rods 3 to pass through, and is fixed to the arch 601 of the roadway 6 by the anchor rods 3, so that a buffer layer is formed between the cover plate 101 and the arch 601; specifically, such as Figure 3 The tail of the anchor rod 3 passes downward through the anchor hole 104 and is fixed by a nut threaded onto the anchor rod 3, so that the support block 102 abuts and is fixed to the arch 601 of the roadway 6, forming a rigid fixed node for positioning and fixing the buffer cover 1.

[0034] The buffer pad 103 is placed in the buffer interlayer to absorb the expansion deformation of the arch 601. The buffer pad 103 is made of a flexible material, specifically polyurethane foam board, which has the characteristics of good elasticity, strong compression resistance and rebound, and non-absorbency. When the gypsum interlayer in the arch 601 absorbs water and expands and undergoes local deformation, the buffer pad 103 can adapt to the deformation to reduce the impact of the deformation, absorb internal stress, reduce the impact of the deformation of the arch 601 on the anchoring layer, and reduce the risk of hollowing and cracking of the anchor spray layer 5.

[0035] Support piles 2 are vertically fixed on both sides of the tunnel 6 to provide a foundation for the steel arch frame. The steel space frame 4 is an arched structure, with both ends fixed to the support piles 2. The upper surface of the steel space frame 4 is in contact with the buffer cover 1 and fixedly connected to the anchor rods 3. Specifically, the tail of the anchor rod 3 passes downward through the steel space frame 4 and is fixed with threaded fasteners, and the tail of the anchor rod 3 continues downward through the steel space frame 4 for concrete to adhere to. The lower surface of the steel space frame 4 is also additionally provided with anchor nails for concrete to adhere to, to improve the effect of shotcreting. The steel space frames 4 are spaced apart along the length of the tunnel 6, and steel mesh is laid between two steel space frames 4 for concrete to adhere to.

[0036] An anchor spray layer 5 is provided on the lower surface of the steel grid frame 4. The anchor spray layer 5 is a concrete layer formed by spraying concrete onto the steel grid frame 4. The anchor spray layer 5 is not only provided on the lower surface of the steel grid frame 4, but also on the steel mesh. It is continuously provided along the direction of the tunnel 6 to form a continuous concrete layer with uniform thickness.

[0037] Furthermore, the buffer covers 1 are arranged at intervals along the arc direction of the arch 601, and adjacent buffer covers 1 are fixedly connected by connecting seats 7. The connecting seat 7 includes a fixing part 701 and a side wing part 702, as shown in the figure. Figure 2 and Figure 5 The fixing part 701 is located between two adjacent buffer covers 1. The fixing part 701 has a fixing hole for the anchor rod 3 to pass through, and is fixed to the arch 601 of the roadway 6 by the anchor rod 3.

[0038] The side wings 702 are fixed on both sides of the fixing part 701. The two side wings 702 are respectively attached to the lower surface of the two adjacent cover plates 101, thereby connecting the left and right edges of the two adjacent buffer covers 1.

[0039] like Figure 2 A shrinkage gap 105 is maintained between the buffer pad 103 and the fixing part 701 to provide space for the deformation of the buffer pad 103.

[0040] The connecting seat 7 extends along the length of the tunnel 6 to cover the gap between two adjacent buffer covers 1, preventing the sprayed concrete from entering the shrinkage gap 105, which would cause the shrinkage gap 105 to be filled and fail.

[0041] Furthermore, a waterproof layer 8 is provided between the buffer cover 1 and the arch 601 of the roadway 6. The waterproof layer 8 is installed after the anchor rod 3 is installed to prevent the anchor rod 3 from breaking through the waterproof layer 8. The waterproof layer 8 is made of polyurethane waterproof coating. Polyurethane waterproof coating is a reaction curing coating with high strength, large elongation, and good water resistance. Its adaptability to the deformation of the base layer can effectively prevent water from the arch 601 from seeping into the roadway 6 and causing leakage.

Claims

1. A composite support structure for subsequent filling mining methods, characterized in that: It includes a buffer shell (1), support piles (2), anchor bolts (3), steel grid frame (4), and anchor spray layer (5); The anchor bolts (3) are evenly spaced around the circumference and anchored to the arch (601) of the roadway (6); the buffer cover (1) is provided in multiple sets along the arch (601) of the roadway (6); The buffer cover (1) includes a cover plate (101), a support block (102), and a buffer pad (103); The support block (102) is fixed in the middle of the upper surface of the cover plate (101). The support block (102) has an anchoring hole (104) for the anchor rod (3) to pass through, and is fixed to the arch (601) of the roadway (6) by the anchor rod (3), so that a buffer layer is formed between the cover plate (101) and the arch (601). The buffer pad (103) is disposed in the buffer interlayer to absorb the expansion deformation of the dome (601); The support piles (2) are vertically fixed on both sides of the tunnel (6); The steel grid frame (4) is an arched structure. Both ends of the steel grid frame (4) are fixedly erected on the support piles (2). The upper surface of the steel grid frame (4) is in contact with the buffer cover (1) and fixedly connected with the anchor rod (3). The lower surface of the steel grid frame (4) is provided with an anchor spray layer (5).

2. The composite support structure for subsequent filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer covers (1) are arranged at intervals, and adjacent buffer covers (1) are fixedly connected by connecting seats (7).

3. The composite support structure for subsequent filling mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting seat (7) includes a fixing part (701) and a side wing part (702). The fixing part (701) is located between two adjacent buffer covers (1). The fixing part (701) has a fixing hole for the anchor rod (3) to pass through, and is fixed to the arch (601) of the roadway (6) by the anchor rod (3). The side wings (702) are fixed on both sides of the fixing part (701), and the two side wings (702) are respectively attached to the lower surface of the two adjacent cover plates (101).

4. A composite support structure for subsequent filling mining method according to claim 3, characterized in that: A contraction gap (105) is maintained between the buffer pad (103) and the fixing part (701).

5. A composite support structure for subsequent filling mining according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that: The connecting seat (7) extends along the length of the tunnel (6) to cover the gap between two adjacent buffer covers (1).

6. A composite support structure for subsequent filling mining according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: A waterproof layer (8) is provided between the buffer cover (1) and the arch (601) of the tunnel (6).

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