Lower metal mold and train wheel casting mold

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of train wheel casting, specifically to a lower metal mold and a train wheel casting mold, including a lower housing and a lower graphite mold installed within the lower housing. The lower graphite mold is circular and also includes square steel bars and pads. Two square steel bars are arranged on the side of the lower graphite mold away from the lower housing, and the two square steel bars are used to press the lower graphite mold together. The two ends of the square steel bars are respectively connected and fixed to the lower housing via connectors. The pads are respectively arranged between the two square steel bars and the lower graphite mold. This design can prevent the square steel bars from damaging or cracking the lower graphite mold during the production of train wheels, thereby improving the production efficiency and product quality of train wheels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of train wheel casting, specifically to a lower metal mold and a train wheel casting mold. Background Technology

[0002] The casting mold for train wheels has a graphite-lined sand structure. The upper graphite mold is assembled with the upper housing to form the upper metal mold, which is then shot with sand to form the upper casting mold. The lower graphite mold is assembled with the lower housing to form the lower metal mold, which is then shot with sand to form the lower casting mold. After the upper and lower casting molds are combined and the core is installed, a complete casting mold is formed. The casting is then poured, and after a certain period, the mold is opened to form the cast steel wheel blank. The lower housing of the lower casting mold is pressed against the lower graphite mold by two square steel bars, which serve a clamping function.

[0003] During the production of cast steel wheels for freight trains, the edges of the lower graphite mold often suffer damage or even cracking and chipping due to the pressure from the square steel. This damage or chipping not only affects the service life of the graphite but also brings a series of chain problems:

[0004] 1. Inaccurate positioning: Normally, the lower graphite mold is positioned and stopped at the sand-shooting position by the photoelectric sensing device of the outer circle of the lower graphite mold. If a piece falls off the outer edge of the lower graphite mold, it may cause the photoelectric sensing signal to deviate, affecting the correct positioning of the equipment.

[0005] 2. Insufficient clamping force: The falling off of the lower graphite mold can cause the lower graphite mold and the lower sleeve to loosen and become loosely assembled, increasing the risk of flash during casting.

[0006] 3. Inconvenient processing: After the lower graphite mold breaks off, the outer shape of the lower graphite mold is incomplete, making it difficult to position during subsequent processing, which is not conducive to processing.

[0007] 4. Reduced cooling capacity: The weight of the lower graphite block is reduced after it falls off, which weakens its cooling effect on the wheel solidification process.

[0008] These issues directly impact production efficiency and product quality. Utility Model Content

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lower metal mold that can prevent square steel from damaging or cracking the lower graphite mold during the production of train wheels, thereby improving the production efficiency and product quality of train wheels.

[0010] Another objective of this invention is to provide a train wheel casting mold that can prevent square steel from damaging or cracking the lower graphite mold during the production of train wheels, thereby improving the production efficiency and product quality of train wheels.

[0011] The technical solution of this utility model is implemented as follows:

[0012] A lower metal mold includes a lower housing and a lower graphite mold installed in the lower housing. The lower graphite mold is circular and also includes square steel and a backing plate. Two square steels are provided on one side of the lower graphite mold away from the lower housing. The two square steels are used to press the lower graphite mold together, and the two ends of the square steels are respectively connected and fixed to the lower housing through connectors.

[0013] The pads are respectively provided between the two square steel bars and the lower graphite mold.

[0014] Furthermore, the two square steel bars are arranged parallel to each other, and the distance between the two square steel bars and the center of the lower graphite mold is the same;

[0015] The two end faces of the two square steel bars are respectively flush, and the two ends of the square steel bars are equidistant from the center of the lower graphite mold.

[0016] The length of the square steel is L1, and the diameter of the lower graphite mold is D1.

[0017] Furthermore, the width of the pad is the same as the width of the square steel, and the opposite sides of the pad are flush with the opposite sides of the square steel.

[0018] Furthermore, the length of the pad is L2, satisfying D1 > L2;

[0019] The two ends of the pad are equidistant from the center of the square steel.

[0020] Furthermore, the pad is fixed to the square steel by welding, and welds are formed between the opposite sides of the pad and the opposite sides of the square steel.

[0021] Furthermore, the weld includes a first weld and a second weld, and the two ends of the backing plate are a first end and a second end, respectively. The first weld and the second weld are located at the first end and the second end of the backing plate, respectively.

[0022] The distance between the first weld and the first end, and the distance between the second weld and the second end are L3, respectively, satisfying: 25mm≤L3≤35mm.

[0023] Furthermore, the thickness of the pad is H, which satisfies: 4mm < H < 8mm.

[0024] Furthermore, the lower graphite mold has a diameter of 1111.25 mm and a thickness of 400 mm, and the pad has a length of 600 mm and a thickness of 5 mm.

[0025] Furthermore, the lower graphite mold has a diameter of 1250.15 mm and a thickness of 400 mm, and the pad has a length of 800 mm and a thickness of 5 mm.

[0026] A train wheel casting mold, comprising the aforementioned lower metal mold.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0028] This solution proposes an improved method for the lower metal mold clamping mechanism. By setting a pad (flat steel plate) between the square steel and the lower graphite mold, even if the square steel deforms, the stress position of the lower graphite mold can be changed, avoiding the lower graphite mold from directly bearing the pressure. Instead, the pressure is applied to the periphery (outer edge) of the lower graphite mold, thereby preventing the square steel from damaging or cracking the lower graphite mold and improving the production efficiency and product quality of train wheels. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a top view of the metal mold closing structure of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a partial top view of the metal mold closing mechanism of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the lower metal mold of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower metal mold of this utility model, which uses a sand-shooting machine for sand-shooting.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the train wheel casting mold of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 6 To improve the overall table of graphite-type crush damage observed online in 37 blocks.

[0036] In the picture:

[0037] 1-Lower metal mold closing; 2-Lower graphite mold;

[0038] 3-Square steel; 301-First end; 302-Second end; 4-Backing plate;

[0039] 5 - Weld; 501 - First weld; 502 - Second weld;

[0040] 6-Lower sleeve; 7-Upper mold; 8-Connecting bolts; 9-Lower sand lining; 10-Sand shot. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0042] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0044] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this utility model is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0045] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0046] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0047] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, outlines some embodiments of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] Reference Figures 1-6 (All dimensions in the attached figures are in millimeters.) This solution addresses the defects mentioned in the background technology by improving the structure of the square steel 3 of the lower graphite mold 2 during press-fitting, thereby changing the stress position of the lower graphite mold 2 and preventing the lower graphite mold 2 from being crushed and broken off around its perimeter.

[0050] Before the improvement, the indentation damage of 37 graphite blocks was randomly observed online and compiled into a table (e.g., Figure 6 As shown), except for the two newly launched lower graphite type 2, all the other lower graphite type 2 have pressure marks, and some of the lower graphite type 2 have as many as 4 pressure marks.

[0051] The specific plan is as follows:

[0052] A lower metal mold 1 includes a lower housing 6 and a lower graphite mold 2 installed inside the lower housing 6. The lower graphite mold 2 is circular and also includes square steel bars 3 and a backing plate 4. Two square steel bars 3 are provided on the side of the lower graphite mold 2 away from the lower housing 6. The two square steel bars 3 are used to press the lower graphite mold 2 together, and the two ends of the square steel bars 3 are respectively connected and fixed to the lower housing 6 by connecting bolts 8.

[0053] The pads 4 are respectively provided between the two square steel bars 3 and the lower graphite mold 2. The pads 4 create a gap between the square steel bars 3 and the lower graphite mold 2 to prevent the square steel bars 3 from deforming and acting on the lower graphite mold 2.

[0054] The two square steel bars 3 are arranged parallel to each other, and the distance between the two square steel bars 3 and the center of the lower graphite mold 2 is the same; the two end faces of the two square steel bars 3 are respectively flush, and the distance between the two ends of the square steel bars 3 and the center of the lower graphite mold 2 is the same.

[0055] Establish a Cartesian coordinate system xoy with the center of the circle of graphite type 2 as the origin, as follows: Figure 1As shown, the two square steel bars 3 are symmetrically arranged about the x-axis, and the y-axis divides the square steel bars 3 into two equal parts. The length direction of the square steel bars 3 is the x-direction, and the width direction is the y-direction.

[0056] The advantage of setting up the two square steel bars 3 in this way is that the two square steel bars 3 are symmetrically distributed on the lower graphite mold 2, which can ensure that the force on both sides of the lower graphite mold 2 is the same, making the lower graphite mold 2 more stable and uniform in terms of force.

[0057] The length of the square steel 3 is L1, and the diameter of the lower graphite mold 2 is D1.

[0058] The width of the pad 4 is the same as the width of the square steel 3, and the opposite sides of the pad 4 are flush with the opposite sides of the square steel 3.

[0059] The length of the pad 4 is L2, which satisfies D1>L2, L1>L2;

[0060] The two ends of the pad 4 are at the same distance from the center of the square steel 3. The distance between the two ends of the pad 4 and the two ends of the square steel 3, i.e., the y-axis, is located in the middle of the pad 4, and the y-axis divides the pad 4 into two equal parts.

[0061] The base plate 4 is fixed to the square steel 3 by welding, and welds 5 are formed on opposite sides of the base plate 4 and opposite sides of the square steel 3, with the length direction of the welds 5 being x-axis. Each weld 5 includes a first weld 501 and a second weld 502. The two ends of the base plate 4 are respectively a first end 301 and a second end 302. The first weld 501 and the second weld 502 are located at the first end 301 and the second end 302 of the base plate 4, respectively. In other words, welds 5 are formed on both sides of both ends of the base plate 4, for a total of four welds 5, including two first welds 501 and two second welds 502. The distance between the first weld 501 and the first end 301, and the distance between the second weld 502 and the second end 302, are L3, satisfying: 25mm ≤ L3 ≤ 35mm.

[0062] Preferably, L3 = 30mm, that is, the distance between the first weld 501 and the first end 301 is 30mm, and the distance between the second weld 502 and the second end 302 is 30mm.

[0063] The thickness of the pad 4 is H, which satisfies the following condition: 4mm < H < 8mm.

[0064] Based on the different diameters of the lower graphite type 2, it is divided into two types: small graphite and large graphite. The small graphite has a diameter of 1111.25mm and a thickness of 400mm; the large graphite has a diameter of 1250.15mm and a thickness of 400mm. For different graphite types, the length of the square steel 3 is the same: 1220mm in length, 50mm in width, and 50mm in thickness. However, the length of the backing plate 4 varies depending on the graphite type. The specific design concept is as follows:

[0065] 1. The commonly used type 2 graphite is the small graphite type. Let's take the small graphite type as an example for explanation:

[0066] First test: Select one set of lower graphite mold 2 (small graphite type), and weld a 400mm long and 5mm thick pad 4 (the pad 4 is made of flat steel plate, the width of the pad 4 is the same as that of the square steel 3, 50mm, and the two sides are aligned) to the bottom of two square steel bars 3. After welding, four welds 5 are formed. The two ends of the square steel 3 are connected and fixed to the lower sheath with connecting bolts 8 to form the lower metal mold 1. The lower metal mold 1 is then sand shot to become the lower casting mold and assembled with the upper casting mold 7 to form the train wheel casting mold. By welding the 400mm long and 5mm thick pad 4 to the bottom of the square steel 3 and running it on the line for a period of time, it was found that although the square steel 3 does not press on the lower graphite mold 2, the minimum gap h between the square steel 3 and the lower graphite after deformation is about 2mm. This gap is small, and there is a risk that the lower graphite mold 2 may be damaged or cracked due to the subsequent increase in deformation of the square steel 3.

[0067] Second experiment: Select one set of lower graphite mold 2 (small graphite), and weld a 500mm long and 5mm thick pad 4 to the bottom of its square steel 3. After running it online for a period of time, it was found that although the square steel 3 would not press on the lower graphite mold 2, the minimum gap h between the square steel 3 and the lower graphite mold 2 was about 2.5m. This gap is also small, and there is a risk that the lower graphite mold 2 may be damaged or cracked after the square steel 3 deforms and increases in the future.

[0068] The third experiment: A set of lower graphite mold 2 (small graphite) was selected, and a 600mm long and 5mm thick pad plate 4 was welded to the bottom of its square steel 3. After running it online for a period of time, it was found that the square steel 3 would not press on the lower graphite mold 2. The minimum gap h between the square steel 3 and the lower graphite mold 2 was about 3mm. This gap is relatively safe. The risk that the lower graphite mold 2 might be damaged or cracked due to the subsequent increase in deformation of the square steel 3 is very small.

[0069] The fourth experiment involved selecting five sets of lower graphite type 2 (small graphite type, with a diameter of 1111.25mm). Among these five sets of lower graphite type 2, one set of small graphite type 2 had its height increased to serve as a new graphite type for online operation. A 600mm long and 5mm thick pad plate 4 was welded to the square steel 3 of these five sets of lower graphite type 2. After three months of online operation, it was found that the lower graphite type 2 was not damaged. Even after these five sets of lower graphite type 2 were taken off the line for repair and then put back into use, the square steel 3 did not press on the lower graphite type 2. This indicates that a minimum gap h of about 3mm between the square steel 3 and the lower graphite type 2 is appropriate. Moreover, the new graphite type (small graphite type with increased height) welded with the pad plate 4 did not interfere with the online equipment after online operation. This shows that welding the square steel 3 of the lower graphite type 2 with the pad plate 4 does not affect its online operation. Therefore, selecting the 600mm long and 5mm thick pad plate 4 and welding it with the square steel 3 has achieved very good technical results.

[0070] 2. For the large-sized lower graphite type 2 (i.e., large graphite, with a diameter of 1250.15mm and a thickness of 400mm), the diameter of the large graphite is greater than the length of the square steel 3. A pad 4 is welded between the large graphite and the square steel 3, and the two ends of the square steel 3 are connected and fixed to the lower sheath with connecting bolts 8. Referring to the four test methods for small graphite (not repeated here), after the test, it was found that for the large graphite, a pad 4 with a length of 800mm and a thickness of 5mm (the width is the same as the square steel 3 and the thickness is 5mm) is more suitable. In actual online operation, it will not cause pressure damage or cracking of the large graphite.

[0071] 3. A groove is made at the top edge of the lower graphite mold 2, corresponding to the position of the square steel 3, which can further prevent the deformation of the square steel 3 from causing damage or cracking of the lower graphite mold 2.

[0072] In summary, regardless of whether the lower graphite type 2 is small or large graphite, the thickness H of the backing plate 4 is 5mm. When the diameter of the lower graphite type 2 is 1111.25mm and the thickness is 400mm, a backing plate 4 with a length of 600mm is selected. When the diameter of the lower graphite type 2 is 1250.15mm and the thickness is 400mm, a backing plate 4 with a length of 800mm is selected.

[0073] After the base plate 4 is welded between the lower graphite mold 2 and the square steel 3 (the base plate 4 is welded to the square steel 3), the lower graphite mold 2 will not be damaged or cracked during the production of train wheels. This avoids the square steel 3 damaging or cracking the lower graphite mold 2, thus improving the production efficiency and product quality of train wheels.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] Reference Figure 5This embodiment provides a train wheel casting mold, including the aforementioned lower metal mold assembly 1. Specifically: the upper graphite mold and the upper housing are assembled to form the upper metal mold assembly, and then sand is shot by the sand shot machine 10 to produce the upper sand lining, thereby forming the upper casting mold 7; the lower graphite mold 2 and the lower housing 6 are assembled to form the lower metal mold assembly 1, and then sand is shot by the sand shot machine 10 to produce the lower sand lining 9, thereby forming the lower casting mold; the upper casting mold 7 and the lower casting mold are assembled and the core is installed to form a complete casting mold. The casting mold is then poured and left to stand for a certain period of time before being opened to form a cast steel wheel blank. Among them, the lower housing 6 of the lower casting mold and the lower graphite mold 2 are pressed together by two square steel bars 3, which serve as a pressing force.

[0076] This solution, by welding a backing plate 4 between the lower graphite mold 2 and the square steel 3, prevents the lower graphite mold 2 from being damaged or cracked during the production of train wheels, thus avoiding damage or cracking of the lower graphite mold 2 by the square steel 3, and improving the production efficiency and product quality of train wheels.

[0077] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of this utility model are:

[0078] This solution, by welding a backing plate 4 between the lower graphite mold 2 and the square steel 3, prevents the lower graphite mold 2 from being damaged or cracked during train wheel production. This avoids damage or cracking caused by the square steel 3, improving production efficiency and product quality. Simultaneously, it solves the signal sensing deviation problem of the photoelectric sensor when the lower graphite mold 2 is in the sand-shooting position; the problem of reduced or absent clamping force after cracking of the lower graphite mold 2; the problem of the graphite outline not being a complete circle after chipping, making positioning difficult during graphite processing and clamping; and the problem of reduced graphite weight after chipping, which weakens the graphite's cooling capacity for wheel solidification and affects sequential solidification.

[0079] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

[0080] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A lower mold clamping (1) of a lower metal mold, comprising a lower flask (6) and a lower graphite mold (2) installed in the lower flask (6), the lower graphite mold (2) being circular, characterized in that, It also includes square steel (3) and pad (4). Two square steel (3) are provided on one side of the lower graphite mold (2) away from the lower sleeve box (6). The two square steel (3) are used to press the lower graphite mold (2) together, and the two ends of the square steel (3) are respectively connected and fixed to the lower sleeve box (6) through connectors. The pads (4) are respectively provided between the two square steel bars (3) and the lower graphite mold (2).

2. The lower die (1) of claim 1, characterized in that The two square steel bars (3) are arranged parallel to each other, and the distance between the two square steel bars (3) and the center of the lower graphite mold (2) is the same; The two ends of the two square steel bars (3) are flush with each other, and the two ends of the square steel bars (3) are the same distance from the center of the lower graphite mold (2). The length of the square steel (3) is L1, and the diameter of the lower graphite type (2) is D1.

3. The lower die (1) of claim 2, characterized in that The width of the pad (4) is the same as the width of the square steel (3), and the opposite sides of the pad (4) are flush with the opposite sides of the square steel (3).

4. The lower die (1) of claim 3, characterized in that The length of the pad (4) is L2, which satisfies D1 > L2; The two ends of the pad (4) are at the same distance from the center of the square steel (3).

5. The lower metal mold closing mold (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pad (4) is fixed to the square steel (3) by welding, and welds (5) are formed between the opposite sides of the pad (4) and the opposite sides of the square steel (3).

6. The lower metal mold closing mold (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that, The weld (5) includes a first weld (501) and a second weld (502). The two ends of the backing plate (4) are a first end (301) and a second end (302), respectively. The first weld (501) and the second weld (502) are located at the first end (301) and the second end (302) of the backing plate (4), respectively. The distance between the first weld (501) and the first end (301) and the distance between the second weld (502) and the second end (302) are L3 respectively, satisfying: 25mm≤L3≤35mm.

7. The lower metal mold closing mold (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the pad (4) is H, which satisfies: 4mm < H < 8mm.

8. The lower metal mold closing mold (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower graphite type (2) has a diameter of 1111.25 mm and a thickness of 400 mm, and the pad (4) has a length of 600 mm and a thickness of 5 mm.

9. The lower metal mold closing mold (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower graphite type (2) has a diameter of 1250.15 mm and a thickness of 400 mm, and the pad (4) has a length of 800 mm and a thickness of 5 mm.

10. A train wheel casting mold, characterized in that, Includes the lower metal mold closing mold (1) as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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