A multi-axis linkage precision grinding mechanism for high-precision CNC grinding machines

Abstract

This utility model discloses a multi-axis linkage precision grinding mechanism for high-precision CNC grinding machines, including an air bearing, a spindle, a grinding wheel assembly, and a vibration suppression structure. The air bearing is mounted on the machine tool body and employs a hydrostatic air supply structure with a porous throttling device to provide non-contact suspension support for the spindle, significantly reducing friction and vibration. One end of the spindle is stably supported by the air bearing, while the other end is connected to the grinding wheel assembly. The grinding wheel assembly includes a grinding wheel, which can be made of diamond or CBN material depending on the machining requirements. A vibration suppression structure is located at the end of the spindle furthest from the grinding wheel. This structure includes an elastic body coaxially connected to the spindle to buffer axial vibration of the spindle. This mechanism has a compact structure, combining rigidity and flexibility, and possesses excellent machining stability and high-precision control capabilities, making it suitable for ultra-precision grinding scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a grinding mechanism, specifically a multi-axis linkage precision grinding mechanism for high-precision CNC grinding machines. Background Technology

[0002] CNC grinding machines, as crucial equipment for high-precision parts machining, are widely used in precision molds, aerospace parts, and high-end manufacturing. Their machining accuracy directly affects the dimensional consistency and surface quality of products. In traditional CNC grinding mechanisms, the spindle often employs a rolling bearing structure. Due to the mechanical contact, axial and radial micro-vibrations are easily generated under high-speed operation, which not only affects machining stability but also leads to increased workpiece surface roughness.

[0003] Furthermore, traditional grinding wheels often employ a straight-edge structure, leading to concentrated contact stress during grinding and a high likelihood of microcracks forming on the workpiece surface, particularly noticeable when machining hard and brittle materials. Simultaneously, the lack of effective vibration suppression design at the spindle end results in a lag in the overall system's response to high-frequency vibrations, further limiting improvements in grinding quality.

[0004] While some existing grinding machines attempt to incorporate air bearings to reduce friction and vibration, their integration with the spindle and grinding wheel structure is limited, and they lack effective counterweight adjustment and elastic damping mechanisms, making it impossible to achieve stable vibration control across multiple frequency bands. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a multi-axis linkage precision grinding mechanism with optimized structure and better vibration suppression to improve grinding stability and surface finish. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a multi-axis linkage precision grinding mechanism for high-precision CNC grinding machines, which effectively overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies.

[0006] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: a multi-axis linkage precision grinding mechanism for high-precision CNC grinding machines, comprising:

[0007] Air bearings, spindle, grinding wheel assembly, and vibration damping structure.

[0008] in,

[0009] The air bearing is installed on the machine tool body to support the spindle and provide non-contact rotation support. The air bearing adopts a static pressure air supply structure with a porous throttling device.

[0010] One end of the main shaft is suspended and supported by the air bearing, and the other end is connected to the grinding wheel assembly;

[0011] The grinding wheel assembly includes a grinding wheel;

[0012] The vibration suppression structure is located at the end of the spindle away from the grinding wheel, and includes an elastic body. The elastic body is coaxially connected to the spindle and is used to buffer the axial vibration of the spindle.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the grinding wheel is made of diamond or cubic boron nitride composite material, and the outer edge is provided with a rounded corner structure.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the orifice diameter of the air bearing is 0.1 mm, and the orifice density is 20 orifices / cm³. 2 The gas supply pressure is 0.5 MPa.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the grinding wheel has an outer diameter of 150mm, a grit size of #2000, and a fillet radius of 0.3mm.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the elastic body is a damped helical spring structure with a stiffness of 20 N / μm, and is disposed between the tail end of the spindle and the machine tool fixed seat.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the vibration suppression structure further includes an adjustable counterweight component, which is installed at the tail end of the main shaft and can be moved along the axis of the main shaft to adjust its position.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: by integrating the porous throttling hydrostatic air bearing, the diamond / cubic boron nitride chamfered grinding wheel, and the damping helical spring-adjustable counterweight into a single design, this utility model achieves a triple synergy of non-contact suspension support for the spindle, softening of the cutting contact surface, and multi-frequency vibration buffering.

[0019] On the one hand, the air bearing significantly reduces friction and thermal deformation at high speeds, keeping axial runout within 0.5μm; on the other hand, the use of a grinding wheel with an outer diameter of 150mm, a grit size of #2000, and an edge rounding of 0.3mm can expand the grinding contact surface while dispersing stress. Combined with the damping effect of a helical spring of 20N / μm and precise adjustment of a counterweight of 50-200g, the spindle amplitude can be attenuated to less than 20% of its original value in the 100-500Hz frequency band, thereby effectively avoiding local stress concentration and microcrack generation, and significantly improving the surface roughness of the workpiece to Ra≤0.05μm.

[0020] Meanwhile, the dynamic balance brought about by vibration suppression reduces energy loss, thereby reducing the overall energy consumption of the machine by about 18%, and comprehensively improving the machining accuracy, finished product yield and operational reliability of the grinding machine. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0025] 1. Elastomer; 2. Spindle; 3. Air bearing; 4. Grinding wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0026] All features disclosed in this specification, or steps in all methods or processes disclosed herein, may be combined in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.

[0027] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any appended claims, abstract, and drawings) may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features, unless specifically stated otherwise. That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is merely one example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this utility model discloses a multi-axis linkage precision grinding mechanism for a high-precision CNC grinding machine. Its structure includes an air bearing 3, a spindle 2, a grinding wheel 4 assembly, and a vibration suppression structure. This grinding mechanism is mounted on the work platform of the CNC grinding machine. The air bearing 3 is mounted on the machine body and supports the spindle 2, providing non-contact rotational support. Specifically, the air bearing 3 employs a static pressure air supply structure and contains a porous throttling device. The throttling orifice diameter of the throttling device is 0.1 mm, and the orifice density is 20 orifices / cm³. 2 By connecting to an external air source to provide compressed air at a pressure of 0.5MPa, a stable air film is formed in the bearing cavity, thereby keeping the spindle 2 in a suspended state. This effectively eliminates the friction, heat generation, and wear problems in traditional mechanical contact bearings, and improves the rotational accuracy and lifespan of the spindle 2.

[0029] One end of the spindle 2 is suspended and supported by an air bearing 3, while the other end is connected to the grinding wheel 4 assembly. The spindle 2 adopts a high-rigidity, high-coaxiality structural design, enabling stable high-speed rotation under air support. The grinding wheel 4 assembly is installed at the front end of the spindle 2 and includes a disc-shaped grinding wheel 4. The grinding wheel 4 is made of diamond or cubic boron nitride composite material through sintering or electroplating, possessing excellent wear resistance and hardness, suitable for ultra-precision grinding of hard and brittle materials such as ceramics and cemented carbide. The outer diameter of the grinding wheel 4 is designed to be 150mm, the working surface grit is #2000, and the edges are rounded with a radius of 0.3mm. This rounded structure prevents sharp stress concentration on the workpiece from the edge of the grinding wheel 4 during processing, effectively reducing the probability of micro-crack formation during grinding and improving the surface quality of the processed parts.

[0030] A vibration damping structure is provided at the end of the spindle 2 furthest from the grinding wheel 4 to mitigate axial micro-vibrations generated by the spindle 2 during high-speed rotation or sudden load changes. This structure includes an elastic body 1 and an adjustable counterweight component. The elastic body 1 is a damping helical spring structure. One end of the helical spring is fixed to the machine tool body or fixed base, and the other end is coaxially connected to the tail end of the spindle 2 through a connecting piece. The axial stiffness of the spring is set to 20 N / μm. During the operation of the spindle 2, the spring can generate axial micro-displacement when subjected to force, absorbing part of the mechanical fluctuations and providing a reverse restoring force, thereby achieving vibration attenuation and stable support functions.

[0031] A counterweight component is located at the tail end of the main spindle 2, aligned with its axial direction. It is a block-shaped metal body with an adjustable mass, designed to range from 50g to 200g. It is installed in the counterweight adjustment seat at the tail end of the main spindle 2 via a sliding groove mechanism or a threaded connection mechanism. This counterweight component can be moved along the axis of the main spindle 2 through a fine-tuning mechanism, allowing it to work with the elastic body 1 to adjust the natural frequency of the main spindle 2 system under different operating conditions. This forms a variable structure damping system, further enabling vibration spectrum compensation control of the main spindle 2 in the 100Hz to 500Hz frequency range, reducing axial amplitude, and improving the overall dynamic stability of the main spindle 2 system.

[0032] Through the coordinated operation of the above structures, this multi-axis linkage precision grinding mechanism not only effectively improves the operating stability and vibration suppression capability of the spindle 2 at high speed, but also optimizes the stress distribution of the grinding contact surface, significantly improving the surface roughness of the workpiece and the yield of finished products, making it suitable for precision parts processing in high-precision applications.

[0033] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions conceived without inventive effort should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-axis linkage precision grinding mechanism for a high-precision numerical control grinding machine, characterized in that, include: The components include an air bearing (3), a main shaft (2), a grinding wheel (4), and a vibration damping structure. in, The air bearing (3) is installed on the machine tool body to support the spindle (2) and provide non-contact rotation support. The air bearing (3) adopts a static pressure air supply structure with a porous throttling device. One end of the main shaft (2) is suspended and supported by the air bearing (3), and the other end is connected to the grinding wheel (4) assembly; The grinding wheel (4) assembly includes a grinding wheel (4); The vibration suppression structure is located at one end of the spindle (2) away from the grinding wheel (4), and includes an elastic body (1). The elastic body (1) is coaxially connected to the spindle (2) and is used to buffer the axial vibration of the spindle (2).

2. The multi-axis linkage precision grinding mechanism for high-precision numerical control grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding wheel (4) is made of diamond or cubic boron nitride composite material, and the outer edge is provided with a rounded corner structure.

3. The multi-axis linkage precision grinding mechanism for high-precision CNC grinding machines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The throttling orifice of the air bearing (3) has a diameter of 0.1 mm and a pore density of 20 orifices / cm². 2 The gas supply pressure is 0.5 MPa.

4. The multi-axis linkage precision grinding mechanism for high-precision numerical control grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding wheel (4) has an outer diameter of 150 mm, a grit size of #2000, and a fillet radius of 0.3 mm.

5. The multi-axis linkage precision grinding mechanism for high-precision numerical control grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic body (1) is a damped helical spring structure with a stiffness of 20 N / μm, and is located between the tail end of the spindle (2) and the machine tool fixed seat.

6. The multi-axis linkage precision grinding mechanism for high-precision numerical control grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration suppression structure also includes an adjustable counterweight component, which is installed at the tail end of the main shaft (2) and can be moved along the axis of the main shaft (2) to adjust its position.

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