Multi-level equalization management system for marine lithium battery packs

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of marine technology, specifically relating to a multi-level equalization management system for marine lithium battery packs. It includes a main control chip, a voltage detection circuit, a current detection circuit, a temperature sensor, and an equalization switch array. By employing a voltage detection circuit composed of operational amplifiers and voltage divider resistors, a current detection circuit composed of Hall effect sensors and low-noise amplifiers, temperature sensors arranged at multiple locations within the battery pack, and an equalization switch array composed of transistors, it achieves high-precision acquisition and rapid response control of battery parameters. This solution improves the system's stability and equalization efficiency in complex environments, effectively solving the problems of untimely and inaccurate equalization control caused by insufficient monitoring accuracy and response lag in existing technologies, thereby significantly improving the safety and service life of marine lithium battery packs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of marine technology, specifically relating to a multi-level equalization management system for marine lithium battery packs. Background Technology

[0002] In marine power systems, lithium-ion battery packs are widely used in propulsion and energy storage systems due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and strong environmental adaptability. However, due to the unique marine environment, such as vibration, large temperature differences, and high humidity, lithium-ion battery packs are prone to voltage and temperature inconsistencies between individual cells during long-term operation, which can affect overall performance and lifespan. Therefore, effective equalization management of marine lithium-ion battery packs is particularly important.

[0003] Currently, existing lithium battery pack equalization management systems typically employ centralized or distributed structures. They achieve equalization by detecting voltage differences among individual cells and controlling corresponding switching elements to transfer or dissipate energy. For example, some solutions use a main control unit in conjunction with a voltage acquisition module, current sensor, and equalization circuit to monitor and regulate battery status. However, existing technologies generally suffer from low accuracy in battery parameter acquisition, slow equalization response speed, and weak system anti-interference capabilities. These shortcomings are further amplified, especially in complex marine environments, leading to poor equalization performance and even affecting the safe operation of the entire battery system.

[0004] In summary, a key problem with existing technologies is that under complex operating conditions, especially in marine environments, traditional lithium battery pack equalization management systems struggle to achieve high-precision real-time monitoring of parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of individual cells, and thus fail to perform rapid and accurate equalization control, thereby affecting the overall performance and reliability of the battery pack. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-level equalization management system for marine lithium battery packs, which effectively solves the problems of untimely and inaccurate equalization control caused by insufficient monitoring accuracy and lag in response in the prior art, thereby significantly improving the safety and service life of marine lithium battery packs.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a multi-level equalization management system for marine lithium battery packs, including a main control chip, a voltage detection circuit, a current detection circuit, a temperature sensor, and an equalization switch array;

[0007] The voltage detection circuit, consisting of an operational amplifier and voltage divider resistors, is used to acquire the voltage signals of each individual battery cell and convert the analog signals into digital signals for transmission to the main control chip. The current detection circuit uses a Hall effect sensor in conjunction with a low-noise amplifier to measure the current changes during the charging and discharging process of the battery pack and inputs the signals to the main control chip. Multiple temperature sensors are arranged on the battery pack to acquire temperature data of each area and transmit it to the main control chip. The equalization switch array consists of multiple transistors, each transistor being connected to a corresponding individual battery cell and controlled by the main control chip.

[0008] Preferably, in the voltage detection circuit, the positive and negative terminals of each individual battery cell are connected to two matching voltage divider resistors, respectively, and the battery voltage is attenuated and sent to the input terminal of the operational amplifier. The output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to an analog-to-digital converter to convert the analog voltage signal into a digital signal for analysis and processing by the main control chip.

[0009] Preferably, in the voltage detection circuit, the filter capacitor is connected in parallel at the output terminal of the voltage divider resistor.

[0010] Preferably, the Hall effect sensor in the current detection circuit is installed in the main circuit of the battery pack.

[0011] Preferably, the temperature sensors are evenly distributed in different layers and between modules of the battery pack; each temperature sensor is connected to the input pin of the main control chip via a wire.

[0012] Preferably, the drain of each transistor in the equalization switch array is connected to the positive terminal of the corresponding single cell, the source is connected to the common equalization bus, and the gate is controlled by the pulse width modulation signal of the main control chip.

[0013] Preferably, the gate drive circuit includes an optocoupler isolator.

[0014] Technical effects and advantages of this utility model: Compared with the prior art, the multi-level equalization management system for marine lithium battery packs proposed in this utility model has the following advantages:

[0015] This invention achieves high-precision acquisition and rapid response control of battery parameters by employing a voltage detection circuit composed of operational amplifiers and voltage divider resistors, a current detection circuit composed of Hall effect sensors and low-noise amplifiers, temperature sensors arranged at multiple locations within the battery pack, and an equalization switch array composed of transistors. This solution improves the system's stability and equalization efficiency in complex environments, effectively solving the problems of untimely and inaccurate equalization control caused by insufficient monitoring accuracy and response lag in existing technologies, thereby significantly improving the safety and service life of marine lithium battery packs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the multi-level equalization management system for marine lithium battery packs of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0018] This utility model provides, for example Figure 1 The multi-level equalization management system for marine lithium battery packs shown includes a main control chip, voltage detection circuit, current detection circuit, temperature sensor, equalization switch array, etc.

[0019] For example, the main control chip, as the core processing unit of the system, is responsible for receiving data from the voltage detection circuit, the current detection circuit and the temperature sensor, and controlling the operation of the equalization switch array according to the preset logic.

[0020] For example, the voltage detection circuit consists of an operational amplifier and voltage divider resistors, used to acquire the voltage signal of each individual battery cell in real time and convert it into a digital signal for transmission to the main control chip.

[0021] For example, the current detection circuit uses a Hall effect sensor in conjunction with a low-noise amplifier to measure the current changes during the charging and discharging process of the battery pack.

[0022] For example, temperature sensors are arranged at different locations in the battery pack to obtain temperature data of each area through thermistors or integrated temperature detection chips, preventing performance degradation or safety hazards caused by local overheating.

[0023] For example, the equalization switch array consists of multiple transistors (MOSFETs), each MOSFET being connected to a corresponding individual battery cell and controlled by the main control chip to achieve energy transfer between individual batteries. A power resistor network is used to absorb excess energy, consuming some of the energy from the high-voltage battery during the equalization process, bringing it into equilibrium with the low-voltage battery.

[0024] For example, the voltage detection circuit consists of an operational amplifier, a voltage divider resistor network, and a filter capacitor, forming a stable differential input structure to accurately measure the voltage of each individual battery cell.

[0025] Specifically, each individual battery cell has two matched voltage divider resistors connected to its positive and negative terminals, respectively. The battery voltage is attenuated proportionally before being fed into the input of an operational amplifier. The output of the operational amplifier is connected to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to convert the analog voltage signal into a digital signal for analysis and processing by the main control chip. To eliminate external interference, a filter capacitor is connected in parallel to the output of the voltage divider resistors, effectively suppressing high-frequency noise and improving measurement stability.

[0026] Furthermore, since lithium battery packs are typically composed of dozens or even hundreds of individual cells connected in series, the voltage detection circuit needs to have high common-mode rejection capability to avoid the influence of adjacent cell voltages on the current measurement value. To this end, a rail-to-rail input operational amplifier is used, combined with appropriate bias circuitry, to ensure that the measurement range covers the entire operating voltage range of the battery pack.

[0027] The main function of the current detection circuit is to monitor the current changes of the battery pack in real time during charging and discharging, so that the main control chip can adjust the balancing strategy according to the actual operating conditions. The core components of this circuit include a Hall effect sensor, a low-noise amplifier, and a filter circuit.

[0028] The Hall effect sensor is installed in the main circuit of the battery pack, directly measuring the current flowing through the conductor using the principle of magnetic field induction. The output signal of the Hall sensor is relatively weak, so it needs to be adjusted by a low-noise amplifier to ensure that the signal strength is sufficient for accurate identification by the main control chip. Furthermore, to eliminate high-frequency noise in the signal, an RC filter network is added to the circuit, making the current data transmitted to the main control chip more stable and reliable.

[0029] Temperature sensors are used to monitor temperature changes in different areas inside the battery pack. This system adopts a distributed temperature monitoring method, with multiple temperature sensors evenly distributed in different layers and modules of the battery pack.

[0030] Specifically, the temperature sensors are selected from thermistors or integrated temperature sensing chips, such as the DS18B20. These components have high measurement accuracy and fast response capabilities, and can reflect the temperature changes inside the battery pack in real time. Each temperature sensor is connected to the input pin of the main control chip via a wire, and shielded cables are used to reduce electromagnetic interference and improve measurement reliability.

[0031] Under the command of the main control chip, the equalization switch array selectively connects or disconnects the equalization path of the corresponding individual battery cell to achieve dynamic adjustment of voltage or energy. The array consists of multiple independently controlled transistors (MOSFETs). The drain of each MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the corresponding individual battery cell, the source is connected to the common equalization bus, and the gate is controlled by the pulse width modulation (PWM) signal of the main control chip.

[0032] In addition, each MOSFET's gate drive circuit is equipped with an optocoupler isolator to prevent high-voltage side from interfering with low-voltage control circuit and improve the system's anti-interference capability.

[0033] The main control chip calculates the voltage difference between individual cells based on the data provided by the voltage detection circuit and decides whether to initiate an equalization operation.

[0034] When the voltage of a battery cell exceeds a set threshold, the main control chip sends an enable signal to the corresponding MOSFET, turning it on. This allows some of the battery's energy to be transferred to other low-voltage batteries through the balancing bus or dissipated into the power resistor network. To avoid current surges caused by multiple MOSFETs conducting simultaneously, the system employs a time-sharing control strategy, activating only one or a small number of MOSFETs at a time for balancing operations, ensuring system stability and safety.

[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-stage equalization management system for lithium batteries on board a ship, characterized in that, It includes a main control chip, voltage detection circuit, current detection circuit, temperature sensor, and equalization switch array; The voltage detection circuit, consisting of an operational amplifier and voltage divider resistors, is used to acquire the voltage signals of each individual battery cell and convert the analog signals into digital signals for transmission to the main control chip. The current detection circuit uses a Hall effect sensor in conjunction with a low-noise amplifier to measure the current changes during the charging and discharging process of the battery pack and inputs the signals to the main control chip. Multiple temperature sensors are arranged on the battery pack to acquire temperature data of each area and transmit it to the main control chip. The equalization switch array consists of multiple transistors, each transistor being connected to a corresponding individual battery cell and controlled by the main control chip.

2. The multi-stage equalization management system for marine lithium battery packs of claim 1, wherein, In the voltage detection circuit, the positive and negative terminals of each individual battery cell are connected to two matched voltage divider resistors, respectively. After the battery voltage is attenuated, it is sent to the input terminal of the operational amplifier. The output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to an analog-to-digital converter to convert the analog voltage signal into a digital signal for analysis and processing by the main control chip.

3. The multi-stage equalization management system for marine lithium battery packs of claim 1, wherein, In the voltage detection circuit, the filter capacitor is connected in parallel at the output terminal of the voltage divider resistor.

4. The multi-level equalization management system for marine lithium battery packs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Hall effect sensor in the current detection circuit is installed in the main circuit of the battery pack.

5. The multi-stage equalization management system for marine lithium battery packs of claim 1, wherein, The temperature sensors are evenly distributed in different layers and between modules of the battery pack; each temperature sensor is connected to the input pin of the main control chip via a wire.

6. The multi-stage equalization management system for marine lithium battery packs of claim 1, wherein, In the equalization switch array, the drain of each transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the corresponding single cell, the source is connected to the common equalization bus, and the gate is controlled by the pulse width modulation signal of the main control chip.

7. The multi-level equalization management system for marine lithium battery packs according to claim 6, characterized in that, The gate drive circuit includes an optocoupler isolator.

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