A photovoltaic photothermal coupling device integrating a perovskite photovoltaic cell and a heat collection layer.

Abstract

This invention provides a photovoltaic photothermal coupling device integrating a perovskite photovoltaic cell and a heat collection layer. The device includes a semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module, an anti-reflection layer, a heat collection layer, piping, and a heat exchange unit. The heat collection layer is disposed below the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module and absorbs transmitted light spectrum, converting it into heat energy. The anti-reflection layer is disposed between the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module and the heat collection layer to reduce the reflection loss of incident light. The piping and the heat exchange unit are used to transfer the heat energy generated by the heat collection layer to downstream equipment. This invention, by integrating a semi-transparent wide-bandgap perovskite photovoltaic cell module and a heat collection layer, achieves full-spectrum utilization of solar energy: ultraviolet light and some visible light are efficiently converted into electrical energy, while the remaining spectrum passes through to the heat collection layer and is converted into heat energy, significantly improving the overall utilization rate of solar energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of solar energy utilization technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic photothermal coupling device integrating a perovskite photovoltaic cell and a heat collection layer. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation, as the mainstream method of solar energy utilization, has been widely used in many scenarios such as power plants, building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), and distributed systems. However, traditional photovoltaic systems have significant limitations in solar energy utilization. On the one hand, their response to the solar spectrum is insufficient, especially the infrared band, which is not effectively utilized, thus limiting the theoretical upper limit of light energy conversion efficiency. On the other hand, photovoltaic modules are prone to heat accumulation during long-term operation, and the increased battery temperature significantly reduces operating efficiency and shortens lifespan. In addition, traditional photovoltaic and solar thermal systems are often deployed independently, which not only requires a large area and has a complex structure, but also has low operating efficiency, which is not conducive to the intensive use of space and the synergistic conversion of energy. Hydrogen production technology, as an important support for energy storage and clean fuels, also faces the problems of a single energy driving mode and low system integration. There is an urgent need for a new type of integrated solar energy conversion device that combines power generation and heating capabilities to provide a continuous, stable, and efficient energy supply for thermally driven hydrogen production.

[0003] Perovskite solar cells possess advantages such as high light absorption coefficient, tunable bandgap, and low fabrication cost, making them an important development direction for next-generation photovoltaic devices. Among them, wide-bandgap semi-transparent perovskite cells not only achieve excellent photovoltaic conversion efficiency but also allow for flexible control of spectral transmittance through material design and device structure, providing a novel technological platform for the synergistic utilization of photovoltaics and photothermal energy. In recent years, some research has attempted to achieve photothermal superposition based on perovskite cells, but these efforts have mostly focused on applications such as low-temperature hot water or building energy conservation, and a systematic solution for medium- and high-temperature scenarios, particularly for heat-driven hydrogen production, has not yet been formed. Furthermore, existing systems still have significant room for improvement in material selection, interlayer matching, and heat flow organization, especially lacking a device structure that can integrate photovoltaic power generation with efficient heat conduction and thermochemical conversion. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a photovoltaic photothermal coupling device that integrates a perovskite photovoltaic cell and a heat collection layer. It aims to achieve the synchronous collection and efficient utilization of solar electrical energy and thermal energy through reasonable spectral distribution and structural integration, and further extend to multiple energy conversion paths such as heat-driven hydrogen production.

[0005] According to one objective of this utility model, a photovoltaic photothermal coupling device integrating a perovskite photovoltaic cell and a heat collection layer is provided, comprising a semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module, an anti-reflection layer, and a heat collection layer. The semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module employs a semi-transparent wide-bandgap perovskite solar cell with adjustable bandgap. The heat collection layer is disposed below the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module for absorbing transmitted light spectrum and converting it into heat energy. The anti-reflection layer is disposed between the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module and the heat collection layer for reducing the reflection loss of incident light.

[0006] Furthermore, it also includes pipelines and heat exchange units, which are used to transfer the heat energy generated by the heat collection layer to the back-end equipment.

[0007] Furthermore, the band gap of the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module is between 1.65 and 1.85 eV, and the light transmittance is 30% to 70%.

[0008] Furthermore, the surface of the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module is provided with high-transmittance encapsulation glass, which is made of high-transmittance borosilicate glass or quartz glass.

[0009] Furthermore, the antireflective layer is made of silicon dioxide or magnesium fluoride nanostructure materials and prepared by sol-gel or magnetron sputtering processes.

[0010] Furthermore, the antireflective layer is disposed below the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module or on the outer surface of the high-transparency glass above the heat collection layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the heat collection layer includes an upper cover plate, a middle fluid channel layer, and a lower cover plate. The middle fluid channel layer is made of transparent or semi-transparent high-temperature corrosion-resistant polymer or borosilicate glass to form the flow channel. The high-temperature corrosion-resistant polymer includes PFA and FEP. The heat-absorbing fluid flowing into the middle fluid channel layer includes water, ethylene glycol, water-oil mixture, heat transfer oil, or cobalt sulfate solution.

[0012] Furthermore, a heat-reflective film or a light-selective absorption layer is integrated at the bottom of the heat-collecting layer, wherein the heat-reflective film or the light-selective absorption layer is made of aluminum coating, TiN or Cr / Al2O3 selective absorption material.

[0013] Furthermore, the heat collection layer is connected to inlet and outlet liquid ports at both ends, and the heat-absorbing medium is guided to the heat exchange unit through high-temperature and high-pressure resistant pipes. The heat exchange unit includes a plate heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, or a heat storage unit, and the heat storage unit includes a molten salt tank or a hot water tank.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a heat-driven hydrogen production module, which is connected to the pipeline and the heat exchange unit; the heat-driven hydrogen production module is connected to the pipeline and the heat exchange unit through a high-temperature corrosion-resistant pipeline, which includes an Inconel alloy pipe or a ceramic composite pipe, and the high-temperature corrosion-resistant pipeline is provided with a heat insulation layer inside, which is covered with SiO2 aerogel.

[0015] This invention integrates a semi-transparent wide-bandgap perovskite photovoltaic module with a heat collection layer to achieve full-spectrum utilization of solar energy: ultraviolet light and some visible light are efficiently converted into electrical energy, while the remaining spectrum passes through the heat collection layer and is converted into heat energy, significantly improving the overall utilization rate of solar energy. The heat from the heat collection layer can also be dissipated through backend equipment to remove excess heat generated by the photovoltaic cells, further increasing heat utilization and lowering the operating temperature of the photovoltaic cells, thus improving their efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is another structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure with a light-concentrating layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the heat collection layer in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional medium flow of the heat collection layer in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another flow pattern of the heat collection layer medium in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic photothermal coupling system and the thermally driven hydrogen production module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8This is another structural schematic diagram of the photovoltaic photothermal coupling system and the thermally driven hydrogen production module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module; 2. Anti-reflective layer; 3. Heat collection layer; 301. Upper cover plate; 302. Middle fluid channel layer; 303. Lower cover plate; 4. High-transmittance encapsulation glass; 5. Heat reflection / absorption layer; 6. Heat-driven hydrogen production module; 601. High-temperature heat exchanger; 602. Reaction chamber; 603. Water / steam supply system; 604. Hydrogen separation device; 605. Hydrogen collection and buffer storage tank; 606. First-stage reduction reactor; 607. Second-stage water vaporization reactor; 7. Concentrating layer. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0027] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0028] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] like Figures 1-8 As shown, a photovoltaic-thermal coupling device integrating a perovskite photovoltaic cell and a heat collection layer is disclosed. The system employs an integrated, nested design, balancing the light transmittance of the photovoltaic module with the heat absorption efficiency of the heat collection unit. Through a circulating heat-conducting fluid, the photothermal energy is stably transferred to downstream thermal reaction modules, such as steam reforming reactors and metal oxide thermochemical hydrogen production devices. Compared to traditional solutions, this invention not only improves the overall utilization rate of solar energy but also significantly enhances the system's energy autonomy in microgrid and off-grid scenarios, demonstrating good scalability and application prospects.

[0031] Specifically, this invention provides a photovoltaic-thermal coupling device integrating a perovskite photovoltaic cell and a heat collection layer, aiming to achieve multi-energy complementary utilization of solar energy and improve the overall efficiency of solar energy utilization. This system integrates a wide-bandgap perovskite photovoltaic power generation unit with a high-efficiency heat collection structure, enabling simultaneous photovoltaic power generation and heat collection. It is suitable for large-scale photovoltaic-thermal power and heating applications, building-integrated solar energy, distributed energy supply, green hydrogen production, and other application scenarios.

[0032] The photovoltaic unit in the system uses a semi-transparent wide-bandgap perovskite solar cell with adjustable bandgap. This type of perovskite cell has good spectral selectivity and can efficiently absorb ultraviolet light and some visible light for photovoltaic conversion, while allowing the remaining spectrum (mainly red to near-infrared light) to pass through to the heat collection structure below it, effectively realizing the splitting and utilization of light energy.

[0033] The perovskite solar cell has a heat collection layer at its bottom, consisting of two layers of transparent encapsulation material and a heat collection channel structure in the middle. The upper layer of the heat collection layer is a high-transparency glass layer, which ensures spectral transmission capability while possessing good mechanical strength and weather resistance. An anti-reflection coating (AR coating) is applied to the outer surface of the upper high-transparency glass layer to reduce the reflection loss of incident light and improve the overall light absorption efficiency of the system.

[0034] The middle layer of the heat collection layer is a fluid channel structure that can be circulated with various liquid heat-absorbing media, such as water, heat transfer oil, or high heat capacity salt solutions (such as cobalt sulfate solution), customized according to the application scenario. This liquid heat-absorbing medium absorbs visible and infrared light transmitted from the photovoltaic cells under illumination, and then heats up. The heat is transferred to downstream equipment through a heat exchange device. It can be used for applications such as residential or industrial heating, heat-driven hydrogen production (such as thermocatalytic water splitting or pyrolysis of methanol to produce hydrogen), and seasonal thermal energy storage.

[0035] To further enhance the system's thermal management performance and structural integration, this invention optionally integrates a heat-reflective film or a light-selective absorption layer at the bottom of the heat collector layer. This reflects unabsorbed infrared light back to the heat-absorbing medium, thereby improving absorption efficiency and thermal field uniformity. Simultaneously, the system employs a modular design, allowing for flexible assembly and disassembly of the photovoltaic cells and heat collector structure, facilitating maintenance and expansion. It is suitable for various installation scenarios, including planar, curved, and building facade applications, and is applicable to large-scale and distributed applications.

[0036] In summary, this utility model, through bandgap engineering design and photothermal structure integration, achieves effective division of solar energy utilization in different wavelength bands, taking into account both power generation efficiency and heat collection performance. It breaks through the bottleneck of low utilization rate of traditional photovoltaic or photothermal single systems and has good industrialization prospects and promotion value.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] like Figures 1-8 As shown, the structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1. The difference is that the photovoltaic photothermal coupling device integrating the perovskite photovoltaic cell and the heat collection layer in this embodiment includes a semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module 1, an anti-reflection layer 2 and a heat collection layer 3 arranged in sequence. The surface of the heat collection layer 3 is an upper cover plate 301 made of high-transmittance glass. The outer surface of the upper cover plate 301 is provided with the anti-reflection layer 2. The heat collection layer 3 is connected to the pipeline and the heat exchange unit. Each structure is fixedly connected by the support and encapsulation structure.

[0039] Specifically, the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic module 1 uses wide-bandgap semi-transparent perovskite solar cells with a bandgap between 1.65 and 1.85 eV. The semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic module 1 adopts an inverted structure, including ITO / NiO... x / Perovskite / C60 / BCP / Ag mesh. The top electrode of the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic module 1 is a low-shading Ag nanomesh or an ultrathin metal electrode. The ultrathin metal electrode uses MoO x / Ag / MoO x Structure. The bottom electrode of the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic module 1 is ITO or FTO conductive glass. The overall light transmittance of the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic module 1 is maintained at 30%~70%.

[0040] The semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module 1 is covered with high-transmittance encapsulation glass 4. The high-transmittance encapsulation glass 4 is made of high-transmittance Borofloat borosilicate glass or quartz glass, with a thickness of 1~3 mm and an optical transmittance greater than 92%.

[0041] like Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, a light-concentrating layer 7 is also provided on the upper surface of the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module 1. External light reaches the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module 1 through the light-concentrating layer 7, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module.

[0042] The antireflection layer 2 is made of silicon dioxide or magnesium fluoride nanostructure materials and is prepared by sol-gel or magnetron sputtering process.

[0043] like Figures 4-6 As shown, the heat collection layer 3 includes an upper cover plate 301, a middle fluid channel layer 302, and a lower cover plate 303. The middle fluid channel layer 302 is made of transparent or semi-transparent high-temperature corrosion-resistant polymer or borosilicate glass to form the flow channel. The high-temperature corrosion-resistant polymer includes PFA and FEP. The heat-absorbing fluid flowing into the middle fluid channel layer 302 includes water, ethylene glycol, water-oil mixture, heat transfer oil, or cobalt sulfate solution. The lower heat reflection / absorption layer 5 uses aluminum coating, TiN, or Cr / Al2O3 selective absorption material.

[0044] In the pipeline and heat exchange unit, the heat collection layer 3 is connected to inlet and outlet liquid ports at both ends. The heat-absorbing medium is guided to the heat exchange unit through high-temperature and high-pressure resistant pipes, which include stainless steel corrugated pipes or polymer composite flexible hoses. The heat exchange unit includes a plate heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, or a heat storage unit, wherein the heat storage unit includes a molten salt tank or a hot water tank.

[0045] The support and encapsulation structure includes an aluminum alloy frame or composite bracket, and a high weather-resistant encapsulation material, including EVA, POE, or silicone.

[0046] It also includes a thermally driven hydrogen production module 6, which is connected to pipelines and heat exchange units.

[0047] The thermally driven hydrogen production module 6 includes a steam thermal catalytic hydrogen production module, which comprises a high-temperature heat exchanger 601, a reaction chamber 602, a water / steam supply system 603, a hydrogen separation device 604, and a hydrogen collection and buffer storage tank 605. The reaction chamber is equipped with Ni / Al2O3 or Ni-CeO2 metal oxide catalyst beds; the hydrogen separation device uses a porous ceramic membrane or a Pd-based selective hydrogen permeation membrane.

[0048] The thermally driven hydrogen production module includes a metal oxide circulating thermochemical hydrogen production module, which comprises a first-stage reduction reactor, a second-stage water gasification reactor, and a thermal circulation pump and valve assembly. The metal oxides used in the first-stage reduction reactor include Fe3O4 and CeO2.

[0049] The heat-driven hydrogen production module is connected to the pipeline and heat exchange unit through high-temperature corrosion-resistant pipelines, which include Inconel alloy pipes or ceramic composite pipes. The high-temperature corrosion-resistant pipelines are equipped with a heat insulation layer inside, which is covered with SiO2 aerogel.

[0050] The heat-driven hydrogen production module also includes a pressure regulating valve, a flow meter, and a heat exchange bypass control system.

[0051] Compared with existing technologies, the photovoltaic photothermal coupling device integrating perovskite photovoltaic cells and heat collection layers proposed in this invention has significant advantages in terms of structural integration, energy synergy utilization efficiency, thermal management capabilities, and functional expandability. Its specific beneficial effects are as follows:

[0052] This invention achieves full-spectrum synergistic utilization of solar energy, significantly improving overall energy efficiency. It employs a semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic module with an adjustable bandgap (1.65~1.85eV), capable of efficiently absorbing ultraviolet light and visible light in the 400~750nm range for photovoltaic power generation, achieving a power generation efficiency of 15%~20%. Simultaneously, it allows near-infrared light in the 700~1100nm range to pass through, with a transmittance of 30%~70%, entering the lower heat collection layer for thermal energy conversion. Compared to traditional crystalline silicon modules that utilize only about 20%~25% of the solar spectrum, this invention's system, under typical AM1.5 illumination conditions, can increase the total photoelectric and photothermal energy conversion efficiency to over 40%, significantly improving the overall solar energy conversion capacity.

[0053] This utility model system features a compact structure and high integration, effectively saving installation space. It vertically integrates photovoltaic modules, heat collection layers, high-transparency glass, and supporting structures through a multi-layered composite structure, achieving "simultaneous light collection, synchronous power generation, and heat collection." Compared to existing split photovoltaic and solar thermal systems that require separate installations or integrate photovoltaics into solar thermal reflectors, this system can simultaneously output electrical energy and more heat energy per unit area. It is particularly suitable for use in restricted locations such as building facades, rooftops, greenhouses, and large-area outdoor applications in deserts and wastelands, increasing the overall energy output capacity per unit area by approximately 80% or more.

[0054] This invention improves the thermal management of photovoltaic modules, enhancing their operational stability and lifespan. Since most infrared light can penetrate the perovskite cells to reach the heat collection layer, it reduces the heat accumulation problem on the surface of traditional modules. Actual measurements or simulations show that, under the same irradiance (approximately 1000 W / m²), [the system achieves better performance]. 2 Under these conditions, the photovoltaic cell temperature of this system is 8-15°C lower than that of traditional perovskite devices without a heat collection layer, which helps to improve the open-circuit voltage (V). OC It increases the fill factor (FF) and suppresses the high-temperature accelerated decomposition of the perovskite phase and interface degradation, thereby extending the device lifespan.

[0055] This invention provides medium-to-high temperature thermal energy output capability, suitable for heat-driven hydrogen production and other applications. The integrated heat collection unit of this system can use high specific heat capacity fluids (such as cobalt sulfate solution or heat transfer oil), and the working medium temperature can stably reach 80~250℃ under full-spectrum irradiation, meeting the temperature requirements of thermochemical reactions such as thermocatalytic steam reforming and ammonia borane thermal decomposition. By coupling with a metal oxide cycle hydrogen production system, the system can achieve >1.0 Nm 3 / h·m 2 The hydrogen production rate (based on simulation) shows the potential to build a distributed green hydrogen production system.

[0056] This system combines modularity and scalability, making it suitable for multi-scenario applications and industrialization. The system's unit modules have series and parallel connection capabilities and can be flexibly configured according to power / thermal load requirements. It can also be integrated with thermal storage units, fuel cells, refrigeration, heating, or intelligent control systems to achieve integrated management of light, electricity, and heat. It is suitable for various typical application scenarios such as building integration, remote microgrids, mobile hydrogen production stations, and zero-carbon industrial parks.

[0057] In summary, this invention achieves deep synergy and spatial coupling between photovoltaic power generation and photothermal heat collection through innovative device structure design and reasonable matching of material spectral control mechanism. This not only significantly improves the overall utilization efficiency of solar energy, but also expands the practical application range of solar energy in the medium and high temperature fields, providing a new solution and technical foundation for building a high-efficiency, modular, and sustainable solar energy integrated utilization system.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-thermal coupling device integrating a perovskite photovoltaic cell and a heat collecting layer, characterized in that, The device includes a semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module, an anti-reflection layer, and a heat collection layer. The semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module uses a semi-transparent wide-bandgap perovskite solar cell with adjustable bandgap. The heat collection layer is disposed below the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module and is used to absorb the transmitted spectrum and convert it into heat energy. The anti-reflection layer is disposed between the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module and the heat collection layer and is used to reduce the reflection loss of incident light.

2. The photovoltaic-thermal hybrid device of claim 1, wherein the perovskite photovoltaic cell is integrated with the heat collecting layer, and the heat collecting layer is configured to collect heat from the perovskite photovoltaic cell. It also includes pipelines and heat exchange units, which are used to transfer the heat energy generated by the heat collection layer to the back-end equipment.

3. The photovoltaic-thermal hybrid device of claim 1, wherein the perovskite photovoltaic cell is integrated with the heat collecting layer, and the heat collecting layer is configured to collect heat from the perovskite photovoltaic cell. The translucent perovskite photovoltaic cell module has a band gap between 1.65 and 1.85 eV and a light transmittance of 30% to 70%.

4. The photovoltaic photothermal coupling device integrating a perovskite photovoltaic cell and a heat collection layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module is provided with a high-transmittance encapsulation glass, which is made of high-transmittance borosilicate glass or quartz glass.

5. The photovoltaic-thermal hybrid device of claim 1, wherein the perovskite photovoltaic cell is integrated with the heat collecting layer, and the heat collecting layer is configured to collect heat from the perovskite photovoltaic cell. The antireflective layer is made of silicon dioxide or magnesium fluoride nanostructure materials and is prepared by sol-gel or magnetron sputtering processes.

6. The photovoltaic-thermal hybrid device of claim 1, wherein the perovskite photovoltaic cell is integrated with a heat collecting layer, and the heat collecting layer is configured to collect heat from the perovskite photovoltaic cell. The antireflective layer is disposed below the semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cell module or on the outer surface of the high-transparency glass above the heat collection layer.

7. The photovoltaic-thermal hybrid device of claim 1, wherein the perovskite photovoltaic cell is integrated with a heat collecting layer, and the heat collecting layer is configured to collect heat from the perovskite photovoltaic cell. The heat collection layer includes an upper cover plate, a middle fluid channel layer, and a lower cover plate. The middle fluid channel layer is made of transparent or semi-transparent high-temperature corrosion-resistant polymer or borosilicate glass to form the flow channel. The high-temperature corrosion-resistant polymer includes PFA and FEP. The heat-absorbing fluid flowing into the middle fluid channel layer includes water, ethylene glycol, water-oil mixture, heat transfer oil, or cobalt sulfate solution.

8. The photovoltaic-thermal hybrid device of claim 1, wherein the perovskite photovoltaic cell is integrated with a heat collecting layer, and the heat collecting layer is configured to collect heat from the perovskite photovoltaic cell. The bottom of the heat collection layer is integrated with a heat-reflective film or a light-selective absorption layer, wherein the heat-reflective film or the light-selective absorption layer is made of aluminum coating, TiN or Cr / Al2O3 selective absorption material.

9. The photovoltaic photothermal coupling device integrating a perovskite photovoltaic cell and a heat collection layer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heat collection layer is connected to inlet and outlet liquid ports at both ends, and the heat absorption medium is guided to the heat exchange unit through high temperature and high pressure resistant pipes. The heat exchange unit includes a plate heat exchanger, a shell and tube heat exchanger, or a heat storage unit. The heat storage unit includes a molten salt tank or a hot water tank.

10. The photovoltaic-thermal hybrid device of claim 2, wherein the perovskite photovoltaic cell is integrated with a heat collecting layer, and wherein the heat collecting layer is configured to collect heat from the perovskite photovoltaic cell. It also includes a heat-driven hydrogen production module, which is connected to the pipeline and the heat exchange unit; the heat-driven hydrogen production module is connected to the pipeline and the heat exchange unit through a high-temperature corrosion-resistant pipeline, which includes an Inconel alloy pipe or a ceramic composite pipe, and the high-temperature corrosion-resistant pipeline is provided with a heat insulation layer inside, which is covered with SiO2 aerogel.

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