Short circuit protection circuit and energy storage system

Abstract

This utility model relates to the technical field of energy storage power supplies, mainly providing a short-circuit protection circuit and an energy storage system. The circuit includes a detection module, a switching module, a discharge module, and a bus capacitor connected to the detection module, a pre-charging resistor connected to the bus capacitor, and the switching module and bus capacitor are also connected to a load. The pre-charging resistor and the switching module are also connected to a power supply. The detection module detects the bus voltage of the bus capacitor during the pre-charging process to determine if a short circuit or other fault has occurred in the load. If the bus voltage is greater than a preset voltage, it confirms that the load is not faulty, and the switching module supplies power to the load. When the bus voltage is less than the preset voltage, the discharge module is controlled to operate. If the bus voltage remains less than the preset voltage after the discharge module has operated for a preset time, it confirms that a short circuit fault has occurred in the load, and the switching module stops supplying power to the load. Based on this, the safety of the energy storage system can be improved while reducing costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of energy storage power supply, and in particular to a short-circuit protection circuit and energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] In portable electronic devices and automotive power supply applications, two- to four-cell lithium batteries are often directly connected to USB-A ports or cigarette lighter sockets to simplify circuit design because their output voltage is compatible with most USB devices or car cigarette lighter sockets. Traditional solutions, to reduce costs, often omit battery protection control chips, relying instead on the load's own protection mechanisms. However, this "direct connection" method poses a significant safety hazard: lithium batteries may short-circuit during use due to aging wires, loose connections, or foreign object intrusion. The large current generated during a short circuit (up to tens of amperes) can cause a rapid accumulation of heat inside the battery, leading to electrolyte decomposition, cell bulging, and even fire or explosion. To address these issues, some manufacturers use integrated protection control chips, but this increases battery costs.

[0003] Therefore, in order to improve the safety of energy storage devices while reducing their cost, it is necessary to provide a short-circuit protection circuit. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model provides a short-circuit protection circuit and an energy storage system, aiming to solve the technical problem of slow response speed of short-circuit protection circuits in existing energy storage systems.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, one technical solution adopted by this utility model is: to provide a short-circuit protection circuit, which includes a pre-charge resistor, a bus capacitor, a detection module, a discharge module and a switch module;

[0006] The detection module is connected to the switch module and the discharge module respectively. The switch module is used to connect to the power supply and the load respectively. The detection module is also connected to the bus capacitor. The pre-charge resistor is connected to the power supply and the bus capacitor respectively. The bus capacitor is also used to connect to the load.

[0007] The detection module is used to detect the bus voltage of the bus capacitor in real time during the process of the power supply charging the bus capacitor through the pre-charging resistor, and control the switching module to conduct when the bus voltage is greater than a preset voltage, so that the power supply supplies power to the load through the switching module; and

[0008] When the bus voltage is lower than the preset voltage, the discharge module is controlled to start working, and after the discharge module has been working for a preset time, the switch module is controlled to turn off to stop supplying power to the load.

[0009] Optionally, the detection module includes a detection unit and an energy storage unit;

[0010] The detection unit is connected to the bus capacitor and is also connected to the energy storage unit. The energy storage unit is connected to the switch module and the discharge module respectively.

[0011] The detection unit is used to detect the bus voltage of the bus capacitor in real time, and outputs a voltage signal to the switching module when the bus voltage is greater than a preset voltage, so as to turn on the switching module; and

[0012] The voltage signal output stops when the bus voltage is lower than the preset voltage.

[0013] The energy storage unit is configured to begin charging based on the voltage signal output by the detection unit; and

[0014] When no voltage signal is received, the discharge module is controlled to start working to discharge the stored voltage based on the discharge module, and the switch module is controlled to turn off after the discharge module has been working for a preset time.

[0015] Optionally, the detection unit includes a Zener diode DZ1 and a resistor R5;

[0016] The cathode of the Zener diode DZ1 is connected to the bus capacitor, the anode of the Zener diode DZ1 is connected to the resistor R5, the resistor R5 is connected to the switching module, and the resistor R5 is also connected to the energy storage unit.

[0017] Optionally, the energy storage unit is a capacitor C1;

[0018] The first end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the detection unit, the switching module and the discharge module respectively, and the second end of the capacitor C1 is used for grounding.

[0019] Optionally, the detection module is further configured to detect the output voltage of the power supply, and control the switching module to turn off when the output voltage is lower than the preset voltage, so as to stop supplying power to the load.

[0020] Optionally, the switching module includes a switching unit and a control unit;

[0021] The control unit is connected to the detection module and the switching unit respectively, and the switching unit is connected to the power supply and the load respectively;

[0022] The control unit is configured to start operating according to the voltage signal upon receiving the voltage signal, thereby controlling the switching unit to conduct; and

[0023] The system stops operating after a preset time when it does not receive the voltage signal, thereby controlling the switching unit to turn off.

[0024] Optionally, the control unit includes a diode D1 and a switching transistor Q2;

[0025] The anode of diode D1 is connected to the detection module, the cathode of diode D1 is connected to the control terminal of switch Q2, the first terminal of switch Q2 is connected to the switching unit, and the second terminal of switch Q2 is used for grounding.

[0026] Optionally, the switching unit includes resistors R2 and R3 and a switching transistor Q1;

[0027] The control terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the control unit through the resistor R3. The control terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is also connected to the power supply through the resistor R2. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the power supply, and the second terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the load.

[0028] Optionally, the discharge module includes a switching transistor Q3, a resistor R4, and a resistor R6;

[0029] The control terminal of the switch Q3 is connected to the bus capacitor through the resistor R4. The first terminal of the switch Q3 is connected to the detection module and the switch module through the resistor R6. The second terminal of the switch Q3 is used for grounding.

[0030] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, another technical solution adopted in this utility model embodiment is: to provide an energy storage system, the energy storage system comprising:

[0031] Power supply; and

[0032] The short-circuit protection circuit described above.

[0033] Unlike related technologies, this utility model provides a short-circuit protection circuit and energy storage system. The short-circuit protection circuit includes a pre-charging resistor, a bus capacitor, a detection module, a discharge module, and a switching module. The detection module is connected to both the switching module and the discharge module. The switching module is used to connect to both the power supply and the load. The detection module is also connected to the bus capacitor. The pre-charging resistor is connected to both the power supply and the bus capacitor. The bus capacitor is also used to connect to the load. The detection module is used to detect the bus voltage of the bus capacitor in real time during the process of the power supply pre-charging the bus capacitor through the pre-charging resistor, so as to determine whether a short circuit or other fault has occurred in the subsequent circuit based on the bus voltage. If the bus voltage is greater than the preset voltage, it is confirmed that there is no fault in the downstream circuit. At this time, the switching module is turned on to supply power to the load. If the bus voltage is less than the preset voltage, the discharge module is started. If the bus voltage is still less than the preset voltage after the discharge module has been operating for a preset time, it is confirmed that there is a fault such as a short circuit in the downstream circuit. At this time, the switching module is turned off to stop supplying power to the load through the switching module. Based on this, the safety and reliability of the energy storage system can be improved while reducing the cost of the energy storage system. Attached Figure Description

[0034] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements having the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a short-circuit protection circuit provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of a short-circuit protection circuit provided in an embodiment of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0039] The technical features involved in the various embodiments of this application described below do not conflict with each other and can be combined with each other.

[0040] When an element is described as "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or there may be one or more intervening elements between them.

[0041] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this utility model are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, the first object can be one or more.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0043] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present utility model, such as... Figure 1 As shown, this application scenario 1 includes an energy storage system 100 and a load 200. The energy storage system 100 is connected to the load 200 and is used to supply power to the load 200. It should be noted that if a short circuit or other fault occurs in the load 200 while the power supply 10 is supplying power to the load 200, it will cause damage to the components in the energy storage system 100. Therefore, in order to improve the reliability of the energy storage system 100, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the energy storage system 100 includes a power supply 10 and a short-circuit protection circuit 20. The short-circuit protection circuit 20 is connected to both the power supply 10 and the load 200. The power supply 10 supplies power to the load 200 through the short-circuit protection circuit 20 to ensure the load 200 operates normally. During the power supply process, if the load 200 experiences a short circuit or other fault, the output voltage will drop sharply. At this time, the output voltage detected by the short-circuit protection circuit 20 will be lower than a preset voltage, and the short-circuit protection circuit 20 will shut off its output, thereby stopping power supply to the load 200 and improving the safety and reliability of the energy storage system 100. In some embodiments, the power supply 10 may be a photovoltaic input source, a battery, or other power supply device.

[0044] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2This is a structural block diagram of a short-circuit protection circuit provided in an embodiment of this utility model, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the short-circuit protection circuit 20 includes a pre-charge resistor R1, a bus capacitor C2, a detection module 21, a discharge module 22, and a switch module 23;

[0045] The detection module 21 is connected to the switch module 23 and the discharge module 22 respectively. The switch module 23 is used to connect to the power supply 10 and the load 200 respectively. The detection module 21 is also connected to the bus capacitor C2. The pre-charge resistor R1 is connected to the power supply 10 and the bus capacitor C2 respectively. The bus capacitor C2 is also used to connect to the load 200.

[0046] The detection module 21 is used to detect the bus voltage of the bus capacitor C2 in real time during the process of the power supply 10 charging the bus capacitor C2 through the pre-charging resistor R1, and control the switching module 23 to conduct when the bus voltage is greater than a preset voltage, so that the power supply 10 supplies power to the load 200 through the switching module 23; and

[0047] When the bus voltage is less than a preset voltage, the discharge module 22 is controlled to start working, and after the discharge module 22 has been working for a preset time, the switch module 23 is controlled to turn off to stop supplying power to the load 200.

[0048] Specifically, when the energy storage system 100 supplies power to the load 200, the power supply 10 outputs voltage to the short-circuit protection circuit 20 to supply power to the load 200. When the power supply 10 outputs voltage, the pre-charging resistor R1 receives this output voltage and inputs it to the bus capacitor C2 to prevent damage to the load 200 from the large current at the moment of power-on. During the charging process of the bus capacitor C2, the detection module 21 monitors the bus voltage of the bus capacitor C2 in real time, and controls the switching module 23 to conduct when the bus voltage exceeds a preset voltage. Once the switching module 23 is conducted, the power supply 10 can supply power to the load 200 through the switching module 23.

[0049] When the load 200 is short-circuited, the voltage across the bus capacitor C2 drops sharply. At this time, the detection module 21 detects that the voltage across the bus capacitor C2 is lower than the preset voltage, thus controlling the discharge module 22 to start operating. After the discharge module 22 has operated for a preset time, the detection module 21 controls the switch module 23 to turn off, thereby stopping the power supply 10 from supplying power to the load 200. Based on this, the input can be promptly cut off when the load 200 is short-circuited, protecting the components in the energy storage system 100 and extending the service life of the energy storage system 100.

[0050] In some embodiments, the detection module 21 is further configured to detect the output voltage of the power supply 10 and control the switching module 23 to turn off when the output voltage is lower than the preset voltage, so as to avoid the situation where the power supply 10 is still a load 200 when the voltage is insufficient. It should be noted that when the output voltage of the power supply 10 is lower than the preset voltage, the maximum bus voltage stored in the bus capacitor C2 will also be lower than the preset voltage, so that the detection unit 21 continuously controls the switching module 23 to turn off, thereby achieving the purpose of undervoltage protection and improving the reliability of the energy storage system 100.

[0051] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the detection module 21 includes a detection unit 211 and an energy storage unit 212;

[0052] The detection unit 211 is connected to the bus capacitor C2, and the detection unit 211 is also connected to the energy storage unit 212. The energy storage unit 212 is connected to the switch module 23 and the discharge module 22 respectively.

[0053] The detection unit 211 is used to detect the bus voltage of the bus capacitor C2 in real time, and outputs a voltage signal to the switching module 23 when the bus voltage is greater than a preset voltage, so as to turn on the switching module 23; and

[0054] The voltage signal output stops when the bus voltage is lower than the preset voltage.

[0055] The energy storage unit 212 is used to start charging based on the voltage signal when the detection unit 211 outputs the voltage signal; and

[0056] When no voltage signal is received, the discharge module 22 is controlled to start working to discharge the stored voltage based on the discharge module 22, and the switch module 23 is controlled to turn off after the discharge module 22 has been working for a preset time.

[0057] Specifically, during the charging process of the pre-charging resistor R1 for the bus capacitor C2, the detection unit 211 will detect the bus voltage of the bus capacitor C2 in real time, and output a voltage signal when the bus voltage is greater than a preset voltage. At this time, the switching module 23 will be turned on based on the voltage signal to supply power to the load 200 based on the power supply 10. At the same time, the energy storage unit 212 will also receive the voltage signal and start storing voltage based on the voltage signal.

[0058] When the load 200 is short-circuited, the detection unit 211 will detect that the bus voltage of the bus capacitor C2 is less than a preset voltage. At this time, the detection unit 211 will stop outputting the voltage signal, and the energy storage unit 212 will start discharging. During the discharge of the energy storage unit 212, the discharge module 22 will start working based on the discharge voltage to discharge the voltage stored in the energy storage unit 212. During the discharge of the voltage by the discharge module 22, the voltage stored in the energy storage unit 212 will also be input to the switch module 23, thereby keeping the switch module 23 in a conducting state. After a preset time, the voltage stored in the energy storage unit 212 is insufficient to maintain the conducting state of the switch module, thereby causing the switch module 23 to turn off and stop supplying power to the load 200. It can be seen that when the energy storage system is suddenly overloaded, it will cause a situation of large current and low voltage in the energy storage system. At this time, the detection module 21 will control the switch module 23 to turn off due to the detection of insufficient voltage. Therefore, by introducing the energy storage unit 212, the switching module 23 can maintain the conducting state for a preset time when a low voltage is detected, thereby avoiding the system from stopping power supply due to special circumstances and thus improving the reliability of the energy storage system 100.

[0059] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of a short-circuit protection circuit provided in an embodiment of this utility model, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the detection unit 211 includes a Zener diode DZ1 and a resistor R5; the energy storage unit 212 is a capacitor C1;

[0060] The cathode of the Zener diode DZ1 is connected to the bus capacitor C2, the anode of the Zener diode DZ1 is connected to the resistor R5, the resistor R5 is connected to the switch module 23, and the resistor R5 is also connected to the energy storage unit 212.

[0061] The first end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the detection unit 221, the switch module 23 and the discharge module 22 respectively, and the second end of the capacitor C1 is used for grounding.

[0062] Specifically, when the voltage stored in the bus capacitor C2 is greater than the preset voltage, the Zener diode ZD1 will break down. After the Zener diode ZD1 breaks down, the bus voltage will be input to the switching module 23 through the Zener diode ZD1 and resistor R5, thus turning on the switching module 23. Simultaneously, the bus voltage will also be input to the capacitor C1 through resistor R5 to charge the capacitor C1. When the bus voltage of the bus capacitor C2 is less than the preset voltage, the Zener diode ZD1 is in the off state, and the capacitor C1 begins to discharge, thus starting the discharge module 22. During the discharge of the capacitor C1, the switching module 23 will also receive the discharge voltage and maintain its conducting state based on this discharge voltage. As the voltage stored in the capacitor C1 gradually decreases, the voltage stored in the capacitor C1 will be insufficient to maintain the conducting state of the switching module 23, at which point the switching module 23 will be in the off state.

[0063] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the discharge module 22 includes a switching transistor Q3, a resistor R4, and a resistor R6;

[0064] The control terminal of the switch Q3 is connected to the bus capacitor C2 through the resistor R4. The first terminal of the switch Q3 is connected to the detection module 21 and the switch module 23 through the resistor R6. The second terminal of the switch Q3 is used for grounding.

[0065] Specifically, when the bus voltage is greater than the preset voltage, the detection unit 211 outputs a voltage signal to control the switching module 23 to turn on. At this time, since the turn-on condition of the switching transistor Q3 is not met, the switching transistor Q3 is in the off state. When the bus voltage is less than the preset voltage, the switching transistor Q3 receives the voltage output by the energy storage unit 212 and turns on based on this voltage. When the switching transistor Q3 turns on, the capacitor C1, the resistor R6, and the switching transistor Q3 form a discharge circuit, thereby discharging the voltage stored in the capacitor C1.

[0066] In some embodiments, the switching transistor Q3 is a PNP transistor.

[0067] In yet another embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the switch module 23 includes a switch unit 231 and a control unit 232;

[0068] The control unit 232 is connected to the detection module 21 and the switch unit 231 respectively, and the switch unit 231 is connected to the power supply 10 and the load 200 respectively;

[0069] The control unit 232 is configured to start operating according to the voltage signal upon receiving the voltage signal, thereby controlling the switching unit 231 to conduct; and

[0070] The system stops operating after a preset time when it does not receive the voltage signal, thereby controlling the switch unit 231 to turn off.

[0071] Specifically, when the bus voltage is greater than the preset voltage, the detection unit 211 outputs a voltage signal to the control unit 232, causing the control unit 232 to start working based on the voltage signal. After the control unit 232 starts working, it controls the switching unit 231 to also work, so that the power supply 10 outputs voltage to the load 200 through the switching unit 231 to supply power to the load 200.

[0072] When the bus voltage is lower than the preset voltage, the control unit 232 receives the discharge voltage from the energy storage unit 212 and maintains its operating state based on the discharge voltage. While the control unit 232 is operating, the switching unit 231 also remains on, ensuring that the power supply 10 continues to supply power to the load 200. After a preset time, if the control unit 232 still does not receive the voltage signal, it will stop operating, causing the switching unit 231 to turn off, thus stopping the power supply 10 from supplying power to the load 20. Therefore, the output can be shut off when the load 200 is short-circuited, thereby protecting the energy storage system 100.

[0073] In yet another embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the control unit 232 includes a diode D1 and a switching transistor Q2; the switching unit 231 includes a resistor R2, a resistor R3 and a switching transistor Q1;

[0074] The anode of diode D1 is connected to the detection module 21, the cathode of diode D1 is connected to the control terminal of switch Q2, the first terminal of switch Q2 is connected to the switching unit 231, and the second terminal of switch Q2 is used for grounding.

[0075] The control terminal of the switch Q1 is connected to the control unit 232 through the resistor R3. The control terminal of the switch Q1 is also connected to the power supply 10 through the resistor R2. The first terminal of the switch Q1 is connected to the power supply 10, and the second terminal of the switch Q1 is connected to the load 200.

[0076] When the detection unit 211 outputs the voltage signal, the switch Q2 will turn on based on the voltage signal. After the switch Q2 turns on, the resistors R2 and R3 begin to divide the output voltage of the power supply 10, thereby turning on the switch Q1. When the switch Q1 turns on, the output voltage of the power supply 10 can then supply power to the load 200 through the switch Q1.

[0077] If the detection unit 211 does not output a voltage signal, the switch Q2 will remain on based on the discharge voltage of the energy storage unit 212, and the switch Q1 will also be on, thus allowing the power supply 10 to continuously supply power to the load 200. After a preset time, if the voltage stored in the energy storage unit 212 is insufficient to meet the on-condition of the switch Q2, and if the switch Q2 still does not receive the voltage signal, then the switch Q2 will be off, and the switch Q1 will also be off, thus causing the power supply 10 to stop supplying power to the load 200. Based on this, short-circuit protection can be achieved, improving the reliability of the energy storage system 100.

[0078] This utility model provides a short-circuit protection circuit, which includes a pre-charging resistor, a bus capacitor, a detection module, a discharge module, and a switching module. The detection module is connected to both the switching module and the discharge module. The switching module is used to connect to both a power supply and a load. The detection module is also connected to the bus capacitor. The pre-charging resistor is connected to both the power supply and the bus capacitor. The bus capacitor is also used to connect to the load. The detection module is used to detect the bus voltage of the bus capacitor in real time during the process of the power supply pre-charging the bus capacitor through the pre-charging resistor, so as to determine whether a short circuit or other fault has occurred in the subsequent circuit based on the bus voltage. If the bus voltage is greater than the preset voltage, it is confirmed that there is no fault in the downstream circuit. At this time, the switching module is turned on to supply power to the load. If the bus voltage is less than the preset voltage, the discharge module is started. If the bus voltage is still less than the preset voltage after the discharge module has been operating for a preset time, it is confirmed that there is a fault such as a short circuit in the downstream circuit. At this time, the switching module is turned off to stop supplying power to the load through the switching module. Based on this, the safety and reliability of the energy storage system can be improved while reducing the cost of the energy storage system.

[0079] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it; under the concept of this utility model, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of this utility model as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity; although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A short-circuit protection circuit, characterized by comprising: The short-circuit protection circuit includes a pre-charge resistor, a bus capacitor, a detection module, a discharge module, and a switch module. The detection module is connected to the switch module and the discharge module respectively. The switch module is used to connect to the power supply and the load respectively. The detection module is also connected to the bus capacitor. The pre-charge resistor is connected to the power supply and the bus capacitor respectively. The bus capacitor is also used to connect to the load. The detection module is used to detect the bus voltage of the bus capacitor in real time during the process of the power supply charging the bus capacitor through the pre-charging resistor, and control the switching module to conduct when the bus voltage is greater than a preset voltage, so that the power supply supplies power to the load through the switching module; and When the bus voltage is lower than the preset voltage, the discharge module is controlled to start working, and after the discharge module has been working for a preset time, the switch module is controlled to turn off to stop supplying power to the load.

2. The short circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that The detection module includes a detection unit and an energy storage unit; The detection unit is connected to the bus capacitor and is also connected to the energy storage unit. The energy storage unit is connected to the switch module and the discharge module respectively. The detection unit is used to detect the bus voltage of the bus capacitor in real time, and outputs a voltage signal to the switching module when the bus voltage is greater than a preset voltage, so as to turn on the switching module; and The voltage signal output stops when the bus voltage is lower than the preset voltage. The energy storage unit is used to start charging based on the voltage signal when the detection unit outputs the voltage signal; as well as When no voltage signal is received, the discharge module is controlled to start working to discharge the stored voltage based on the discharge module, and the switch module is controlled to turn off after the discharge module has been working for a preset time.

3. The short circuit protection circuit of claim 2, wherein The detection unit includes a Zener diode DZ1 and a resistor R5; The cathode of the Zener diode DZ1 is connected to the bus capacitor, the anode of the Zener diode DZ1 is connected to the resistor R5, the resistor R5 is connected to the switching module, and the resistor R5 is also connected to the energy storage unit.

4. The short circuit protection circuit of claim 2, wherein The energy storage unit is a capacitor C1; The first end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the detection unit, the switching module and the discharge module respectively, and the second end of the capacitor C1 is used for grounding.

5. The short-circuit protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The detection module is also used to detect the output voltage of the power supply, and control the switching module to turn off when the output voltage is lower than the preset voltage, so as to stop supplying power to the load.

6. The short circuit protection circuit of claim 2, wherein The switching module includes a switching unit and a control unit; The control unit is connected to the detection module and the switching unit respectively, and the switching unit is connected to the power supply and the load respectively; The control unit is used to start working according to the voltage signal when the voltage signal is received, thereby controlling the switching unit to be turned on; as well as The system stops operating after a preset time when it does not receive the voltage signal, thereby controlling the switching unit to turn off.

7. The short circuit protection circuit of claim 6, wherein The control unit includes a diode D1 and a switching transistor Q2; The anode of diode D1 is connected to the detection module, the cathode of diode D1 is connected to the control terminal of switch Q2, the first terminal of switch Q2 is connected to the switching unit, and the second terminal of switch Q2 is used for grounding.

8. The short circuit protection circuit of claim 6, wherein The switching unit includes resistor R2, resistor R3, and switching transistor Q1; The control terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the control unit through the resistor R3. The control terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is also connected to the power supply through the resistor R2. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the power supply, and the second terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the load.

9. The short circuit protection circuit according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that The discharge module includes a switch Q3, a resistor R4, and a resistor R6; The control terminal of the switch Q3 is connected to the bus capacitor through the resistor R4. The first terminal of the switch Q3 is connected to the detection module and the switch module through the resistor R6. The second terminal of the switch Q3 is used for grounding.

10. An energy storage system characterized by, The energy storage system includes: Power supply; and The short-circuit protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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