Multi-stage intelligent buffer protection device and transportation equipment with same
By using a multi-level intelligent buffer protection device, combined with rubber, metal, flexible buffer layers and self-adjusting damping devices, the problem of insufficient buffer performance of mining equipment is solved, achieving efficient absorption and dispersion of collision energy, protecting equipment, reducing maintenance costs, and adapting to complex operating environments.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAGANG MINING CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing mining equipment uses a single material for its buffer structure, resulting in limited buffering performance. Under significant impact, it cannot effectively absorb and disperse energy, leading to severe damage to the main structure of the equipment and high maintenance costs. Furthermore, it lacks adaptive adjustment capabilities and is unable to cope with collisions of varying intensities and angles.
It adopts a multi-level intelligent buffer protection device, including a rubber buffer layer, a metal buffer layer, a flexible buffer layer and a self-adjusting damping device. Through multi-level and multi-stage buffer design, combined with hydraulic dampers and pressure detectors, it can adaptively adjust the buffer force to absorb and disperse the impact force of collision.
It effectively reduces collision impact force by more than 60%, reduces equipment damage, extends service life, lowers maintenance costs, improves safety protection capabilities, adapts to complex working environments, and meets the installation needs of different equipment.
Smart Images
Figure CN224550690U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of safety protection devices for mining equipment, and in particular, to a multi-level intelligent buffer protection device. Furthermore, this utility model also relates to a transportation device including the aforementioned multi-level intelligent buffer protection device. Background Technology
[0002] In mining operations, collisions between mining equipment and between mining equipment and obstacles occur frequently due to complex terrain, frequent equipment operation, and harsh working environments. Existing mining equipment buffer structures mostly use single-material rubber or foam, which has limited buffering performance. When subjected to large impacts, they cannot effectively absorb and disperse energy, leading to severe damage to the main equipment structure, high maintenance costs, and a threat to the lives of operators.
[0003] Furthermore, traditional buffer structures lack adaptive adjustment capabilities, making it difficult to cope with collisions of varying intensities and angles, and thus failing to meet the safety protection requirements of equipment in the complex operating environment of mines. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a protective structure capable of efficient buffering and intelligent adjustment to improve the safety performance of mining equipment. Utility Model Content
[0004] This utility model provides a multi-level intelligent buffer protection device and a transportation equipment with it, in order to solve the technical problems of existing single-material buffer materials having limited buffering performance, failing to effectively absorb and disperse energy when subjected to large impact forces, resulting in serious damage to the main structure of the equipment, high maintenance costs, and threats to the life safety of operators, as well as lacking adaptive adjustment capabilities, making it difficult to cope with collision conditions of different intensities and angles, and failing to meet the needs of equipment safety protection in complex mining operating environments.
[0005] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows:
[0006] A multi-level intelligent buffer protection device includes: a rubber buffer layer with flexibility and elasticity to deform and absorb energy during a collision; a metal buffer layer to deform and absorb energy during a collision; a flexible buffer layer to deform and adhere to the surface of the colliding object to disperse the impact force during a collision; and a self-adjusting damping device to generate damping force to dissipate collision energy during a collision. The rubber buffer layer is hollow and its open side is connected and fixed to the main frame of the transport equipment. The metal buffer layer and the flexible buffer layer are sequentially installed in the hollow cavity of the rubber buffer layer, with the metal buffer layer abutting the inner surface of the rubber buffer layer and fixed to the main frame of the equipment through multiple sets of connecting brackets. The flexible buffer layer is located between the main frame of the equipment and the metal buffer layer and is fixed to the metal buffer layer. One end of the self-adjusting damping device is connected to the main frame of the equipment, and the other end passes through the flexible buffer layer and connects to the metal buffer layer. The self-adjusting damping device is also connected to the control system of the transport equipment to adaptively adjust its internal damping force according to the magnitude of the collision impact force.
[0007] Furthermore, the thickness of the rubber buffer layer is 30mm to 50mm; the mounting edge on the open side of the rubber buffer layer is fixedly connected to the main frame of the equipment through multiple sets of first connectors arranged circumferentially at intervals, and the mounting edge on the open side of the rubber buffer layer is also fixedly bonded to the outer surface of the main frame of the equipment with adhesive.
[0008] Furthermore, the outer surface of the rubber buffer layer is provided with recessed and crisscrossed anti-slip grooves.
[0009] Furthermore, the thickness of the metal buffer layer is 20mm to 30mm; the metal buffer layer is a honeycomb plate formed by connecting several regularly arranged honeycombs, the pore size of the honeycomb is 5mm to 10mm, and the wall thickness of the honeycomb is 0.5mm to 1mm.
[0010] Furthermore, the outer surface of the metal buffer layer is oxidized to form an oxide film layer for corrosion resistance.
[0011] Furthermore, the thickness of the flexible buffer layer is 15mm to 25mm; the outer surface of the flexible buffer layer is covered with a waterproof and breathable membrane with a thickness of 0.1mm to 0.2mm.
[0012] Furthermore, the self-adjusting damping device includes a hydraulic damper and multiple pressure detectors arranged on a flexible buffer layer; the first end of the hydraulic damper is connected to the main frame of the equipment, the second end of the hydraulic damper passes through the flexible buffer layer and is connected to the metal buffer layer, and the hydraulic damper is also electrically connected to the control system of the transportation equipment; the multiple pressure detectors are respectively connected to the control system through connecting wires to detect the pressure in the multi-level intelligent buffer protection device in real time and feed it back to the control system, which is used to adjust the magnitude of the hydraulic damping force in the hydraulic damper when the pressure exceeds the preset pressure threshold.
[0013] Furthermore, the hydraulic damper includes a hydraulic cylinder consisting of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder fitted together, a bearing hinge seat connected to the first end of the hydraulic cylinder via a spherical bearing, a connecting flange fixed to the second end of the hydraulic cylinder, and a piston rod extending into the inner cylinder after passing through the connecting flange axially. The bearing hinge seat is fixed to the main frame of the equipment, and the connecting flange is fixed to the metal buffer layer. The rodless chamber of the inner cylinder contains hydraulic oil, and the rodless chamber of the inner cylinder is also connected to the outer cylinder through a throttling orifice opened on its wall. The throttling orifice is also equipped with a throttling valve that is rotated up and down to control the size of its flow area. The throttling valve is connected to an adjusting knob through an eccentric cam structure, and the adjusting knob is intelligently controlled by a control motor. The outer cylinder is also equipped with a one-way valve circuit connected to the inner cylinder to automatically replenish oil when the piston rod returns to its original position.
[0014] Furthermore, the multi-level intelligent buffer protection device also includes an elastic buffer device, which is connected between the main frame of the equipment and the flexible buffer layer to buffer impact forces.
[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, a transportation device is also provided, wherein the outer surface of the main frame of the device has a multi-level intelligent buffer protection device as described above.
[0016] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0017] This utility model's multi-level intelligent buffer protection device, through its multi-layered and multi-stage buffer energy absorption design, can effectively absorb and disperse collision impact forces, reducing them by more than 60%. This significantly reduces the damage to mining equipment in collision accidents, protects critical components and structural integrity, extends the service life of mining transportation equipment, reduces maintenance and replacement frequency, lowers equipment maintenance costs for mining enterprises, and minimizes downtime losses due to equipment damage. This ensures the continuity of mining operations and improves enterprise economic efficiency. In this multi-level intelligent buffer protection device, the self-adjusting damping device is connected to the transportation equipment's control system, automatically adjusting the buffering force according to the actual collision pressure without manual intervention. This improves the timeliness and effectiveness of buffer protection, enhances the equipment's safety protection capabilities under different collision scenarios, and meets the safety protection needs of equipment in complex mining environments. Furthermore, this multi-level intelligent buffer protection device can be flexibly adjusted and installed according to the size, weight, and usage requirements of different mining equipment, making it suitable for various types of mobile mining machinery and equipment. It has good versatility and application value.
[0018] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, this utility model has other objectives, features, and advantages. The present utility model will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description
[0019] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial structure of a multi-level intelligent buffer protection device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the spatial structure of the rubber buffer layer;
[0022] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the spatial structure of a medium-pressure hydraulic damper;
[0023] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the spatial structure of a medium-elastic buffer device;
[0024] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the spatial structure of the medium-flexible buffer layer.
[0025] Legend:
[0026] 1. Rubber buffer layer; 101. Anti-slip groove;
[0027] 2. Metal buffer layer; 201. Honeycomb;
[0028] 3. Flexible buffer layer; 31. Waterproof and breathable membrane;
[0029] 4. Self-adjusting damping device; 41. Hydraulic damper; 411. Hydraulic cylinder; 4111. Rodless chamber; 4112. Throttling orifice; 412. Bearing hinge seat; 413. Connecting flange; 4131. Bolt hole; 414. Piston rod; 415. Throttling valve; 416. Adjusting knob;
[0030] 42. Pressure detector; 43. Connecting wires; 44. Embedded conduit;
[0031] 5. Elastic buffer device; 51. Connecting rod assembly; 52. Connecting plate; 53. Buffer spring;
[0032] 6. Connecting bracket; 7. First connecting piece. Detailed Implementation
[0033] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered below.
[0034] Reference Figure 1 A preferred embodiment of this utility model provides a multi-level intelligent buffer protection device, comprising: a rubber buffer layer 1 with flexibility and elasticity to deform and absorb energy during collision impact; a metal buffer layer 2 to deform and absorb energy during collision impact; a flexible buffer layer 3 to deform and adhere to the surface of the colliding object to disperse the impact force during collision impact; and a self-adjusting damping device 4 to generate damping force to dissipate collision energy during collision impact. The rubber buffer layer 1 is a hollow cover, with its open side connected and fixed to the main frame of the transport equipment. The metal buffer layer 2 and the flexible buffer layer 3 are sequentially installed in the hollow cavity of the rubber buffer layer 1, with the metal buffer layer 2 abutting against the inner surface of the rubber buffer layer 1 and fixed to the main frame of the equipment through multiple sets of connecting brackets 6. The flexible buffer layer 3 is located between the main frame of the equipment and the metal buffer layer 2 and is fixed to the metal buffer layer 2. One end of the self-adjusting damping device 4 is connected to the main frame of the equipment, and the other end passes through the flexible buffer layer 3 and is connected to the metal buffer layer 2. The self-adjusting damping device 4 is also connected to the control system of the transportation equipment to adaptively adjust the magnitude of its internal damping force according to the magnitude of the collision impact force.
[0035] When a collision occurs in a mining transport device, the rubber buffer layer 1 in the multi-level intelligent buffer protection device of this utility model first comes into play. The flexible and elastic rubber buffer layer 1 comes into contact with the colliding object and deforms to absorb part of the impact force. Subsequently, the metal buffer layer 2 also undergoes plastic deformation due to the collision impact, further absorbing energy. Then, the flexible buffer layer 3 also adapts to the collision impact and deforms to adhere to the surface of the colliding object, dispersing the impact force. At the same time, the self-adjusting damping device 4 further consumes the collision energy due to the damping force generated during the collision impact. The self-adjusting damping device 4 is also connected to the control system of the transport equipment to adaptively adjust the magnitude of its internal damping force according to the magnitude of the collision impact force.
[0036] This utility model's multi-level intelligent buffer protection device, through its multi-layered and multi-stage buffer energy absorption design, can effectively absorb and disperse collision impact forces, reducing them by more than 60%. This significantly reduces the damage to mining equipment in collision accidents, protects critical components and structural integrity, extends the service life of mining transportation equipment, reduces maintenance and replacement frequency, lowers equipment maintenance costs for mining enterprises, and minimizes downtime losses due to equipment damage. This ensures the continuity of mining operations and improves the economic benefits of enterprises. In this multi-level intelligent buffer protection device, the self-adjusting damping device 4 is connected to the control system of the transportation equipment and can automatically adjust the buffering force according to the actual collision pressure without manual intervention. This improves the timeliness and effectiveness of buffer protection, enhances the safety protection capabilities of equipment in different collision scenarios, and meets the safety protection needs of equipment in complex mining environments. Furthermore, this multi-level intelligent buffer protection device can be flexibly adjusted and installed according to the size, weight, and usage requirements of different mining equipment, making it suitable for various types of mobile mining machinery and equipment. It has good versatility and application value.
[0037] Optionally, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, taking a mining truck as an example, in the actual installation process, the rubber buffer layer 1 is first cut to the design dimensions. The rubber buffer layer 1 is made of a special synthetic rubber material with a Shore hardness of 50-60HA, such as SBR1502 styrene-butadiene rubber, which has excellent impact resistance and resilience. The thickness of the rubber buffer layer 1 is 30mm to 50mm. The mounting edge on the open side of the rubber buffer layer 1 is fixedly connected to the main frame of the equipment through multiple sets of first connectors 7 arranged circumferentially at intervals. The mounting edge on the open side of the rubber buffer layer 1 is also fixedly bonded to the outer surface of the main frame of the equipment with adhesive. In the actual design, bolt holes are marked at corresponding positions on the outer surface of the main frame of the equipment. M8 stainless steel bolts 11 with a spacing of 20-30cm are used to fix the equipment to the outer surface of the main frame of the equipment with strong epoxy resin adhesive.
[0038] Preferably, such as Figure 2 As shown, the outer surface of the rubber buffer layer 1 is also provided with recessed and crisscrossed anti-slip grooves 101. In this preferred embodiment, the depth of the anti-slip grooves 101 is 1-2 mm. During operation, the rubber buffer layer 1 has good flexibility and elasticity, and can make contact with the colliding object first at the moment of collision. It absorbs 20%-30% of the impact force by its own elastic deformation, playing a preliminary buffering and blocking role. The anti-slip texture design formed by the crisscrossed anti-slip grooves 101 on its surface can also prevent the colliding object from sliding and avoid secondary collisions.
[0039] Optionally, such as Figure 1As shown, the middle metal buffer layer 2 is made of 6061-T6 high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy, formed by precision die casting, with an overall thickness of 20mm to 30mm. Further, the metal buffer layer 2 is a honeycomb panel formed by connecting several regularly arranged honeycomb cells 201. The honeycomb cells 201 are hexagonal, with a pore size of 5mm to 10mm and a wall thickness of 0.5mm to 1mm. In this optional scheme, the metal buffer layer 2 is welded and fixed to the main frame of the equipment via L-shaped connecting brackets 6 arranged at intervals (40-50cm spacing), with a thickness of 3-5mm and a width of 20-30mm, and nested inside the rubber buffer layer 1. When subjected to impact force, the honeycomb structure will undergo plastic buckling according to a preset deformation mode, converting the impact energy into the internal energy of material deformation, thereby absorbing a large amount of residual energy.
[0040] Preferably, the outer surface of the metal buffer layer 2 is oxidized to form an oxide film for corrosion resistance; in this preferred embodiment, the outer surface of the metal buffer layer 2 is anodized to form an oxide film with a thickness of 20-25 μm, enhancing corrosion resistance and ensuring long-term stable operation in the humid and dusty environment of a mine.
[0041] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the thickness of the flexible buffer layer 3 is 15mm to 25mm; specifically, the flexible buffer layer 3 uses materials with a density of 80 to 100 kg / m³. 3 The slow-rebound memory foam material, 15-25mm thick, is bonded to the inner surface of the honeycomb aluminum-magnesium alloy buffer layer using environmentally friendly neoprene rubber adhesive. Memory foam possesses unique viscoelasticity, allowing it to slowly deform and tightly adhere to the surface of the impacting object based on collision pressure, evenly distributing residual impact force to the main frame of the equipment, further reducing the impact of the collision. Furthermore, the flexible buffer layer 3 is covered with a 0.1mm-0.2mm thick waterproof and breathable membrane 31, which is sealed to the edge of the memory foam buffer layer using ultrasonic welding to prevent rainwater and dust intrusion, ensuring stable cushioning performance of the material.
[0042] Optionally, such as Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the self-adjusting damping device 4 includes a hydraulic damper 41 and multiple pressure detectors 42 arranged on the flexible buffer layer 3. The first end of the hydraulic damper 41 is connected to the main frame of the equipment, and the second end of the hydraulic damper 41 passes through the flexible buffer layer 3 and connects to the metal buffer layer 2. The hydraulic damper 41 is also electrically connected to the control system of the transport equipment. The multiple pressure detectors 42 are connected to the control system via connecting wires 43 to detect the pressure within the multi-level intelligent buffer protection device in real time and feed it back to the control system. The control system is used to adjust the hydraulic damping force within the hydraulic damper 41 when the pressure exceeds a preset pressure threshold.
[0043] In this optional solution, such as Figure 3 As shown, the hydraulic damper 41 includes a hydraulic cylinder 411 consisting of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder fitted together, a bearing hinge seat 412 connected to the first end of the hydraulic cylinder 411 via a spherical bearing, a connecting flange 413 fixed to the second end of the hydraulic cylinder 411, and a piston rod 414 extending axially through the connecting flange 413 and into the inner cylinder. The bearing hinge seat 412 is fixed to the main frame of the equipment, and the connecting flange 413 is fixed to the metal buffer layer 2. The rodless chamber 4111 of the inner cylinder contains hydraulic oil. This chamber is also connected to the outer cylinder via a throttling orifice 4112 formed on its wall. The orifice 4112 contains a throttling valve 415, which rotates up and down to control its flow area. The throttling valve 415 is connected to an adjusting knob 416 via an eccentric cam structure. The adjusting knob 416 is intelligently controlled by a control motor connected to a control system. Under the control system's influence, the adjusting knob 416 is adjusted, automatically regulating the rotation angle of the throttling valve 415 and correspondingly adjusting the opening of the throttling orifice 4112. The outer cylinder also contains a one-way valve circuit connecting to the rodless chamber of the inner cylinder, automatically replenishing oil to the rodless chamber of the inner cylinder when the piston rod 414 returns to its original position.
[0044] In specific embodiments of this optional solution, such as Figure 3 As shown, the hydraulic cylinder 411 of the hydraulic damper 41 has a diameter of 50-80mm, and the piston rod 414 has a stroke of 100-150mm. Its first end is hinged to a bearing hinge seat 412 via a ball joint bearing, and its second end is fixedly connected to a honeycomb aluminum-magnesium alloy buffer layer via a connecting flange 413 with 4-6 M10 bolt holes 4131. The hydraulic damper 41 is filled with 46# high-viscosity anti-wear hydraulic oil. The damping coefficient of the throttle valve 415 is adjustable in the range of 50-150 N·s / m. Preferably, the first end of the hydraulic cylinder 411 also has an exposed adjusting knob 416, which is connected to the throttle valve 415, allowing manual adjustment within a 0-90° angle range. The adjusting knob 416 uses an existing structure to connect to the throttle valve 415. When a collision occurs, the piston rod 414 retracts into the cylinder due to the impact force. The piston at the end of the piston rod 414 squeezes the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil chamber. The oil flows to the outer cylinder through the throttle hole 4112. The throttling effect generates a damping force, which consumes the collision energy.
[0045] In this optional solution, such as Figure 5As shown, the pressure detector 42 is pre-embedded during the production process of the memory foam buffer layer. It is uniformly embedded in the flexible buffer layer 3 in a matrix with a horizontal spacing of 20-30cm and a vertical spacing of 30-40cm. The accuracy is ±0.5%FS and the range is 0-50MPa. It is led out from the pre-embedded conduit 44 through the connecting wire 43, which has a double-layer shielding structure of aluminum foil and braided mesh on the outer layer, and connected to the control system installed in the driver's cab.
[0046] Preferably, such as Figure 4 As shown, the multi-level intelligent buffer protection device also includes an elastic buffer device 5, which is connected between the main frame of the equipment and the flexible buffer layer 3 to buffer impact forces. In this preferred embodiment, the elastic buffer device 5 includes a connecting rod assembly 51 consisting of an inner rod and an outer rod fitted together and connected as one unit, a connecting plate 52 fixed to the extended ends of the inner and outer rods in the connecting rod assembly 51, and a buffer spring 53 fitted on the outer circle of the connecting rod assembly 51 with its two ends abutting against the two connecting plates 52 respectively. The two connecting plates 52 are respectively fixed to the main frame of the equipment and the flexible buffer layer 3. Alternatively, in this preferred embodiment, the elastic buffer device 5 includes an electric actuator, connecting plates 52 connected to both ends of the electric actuator, and a buffer spring 53 fitted on the outer circle of the electric actuator with its two ends abutting against the two connecting plates 52 respectively. The two connecting plates 52 are respectively fixed to the main frame of the equipment and the flexible buffer layer 3. The electric actuator is connected to the control system, and the control system determines whether the load is too large or the impact is enhanced by a pressure detector, and drives the electric actuator to adjust the distance between the buffer spring 53 and the two connecting plates 52.
[0047] In this preferred embodiment, the buffer spring 53 is a high-strength spring with a diameter of 12-15mm and a spring stiffness of 500-1000N / mm. The elastic buffer device 5 is installed beside the hydraulic damper 41, and its two ends are connected to the main frame of the equipment and the flexible buffer layer 3 through connecting plates 52 with a thickness of 8-10mm and made of Q235B steel plate. After the hydraulic damper 41 acts, the elastic buffer device 5 further buffers the remaining impact force, working in conjunction with the hydraulic damper 41 to reduce the collision impact force by more than 60%.
[0048] See Figure 1-5When a mining truck collides, the multi-layered buffer material first comes into play. The rubber buffer layer 1 contacts the colliding object and absorbs part of the impact force. Subsequently, the honeycomb aluminum-magnesium alloy metal buffer layer 2 undergoes plastic deformation, further absorbing energy. The memory foam flexible buffer layer 3 adaptively conforms to the colliding object, dispersing the impact force. Simultaneously, the energy-absorbing device composed of the hydraulic damper 41 and the elastic buffer device 5 is activated. The hydraulic oil flows within the hydraulic damper 41, consuming a large amount of energy, while the elastic buffer device 5 further buffers the remaining impact force. The pressure detector 42 monitors the pressure on the buffer material in real time. When the pressure exceeds a set threshold, it transmits a signal to the control system. The control system immediately adjusts the throttle valve 415 of the hydraulic damper 41, reducing the flow area of the throttle orifice 4112, increasing the hydraulic oil throttling resistance and damping coefficient, further absorbing collision energy, and minimizing the damage to the truck.
[0049] A preferred embodiment of this utility model also provides a transportation device, the outer surface of which has a multi-level intelligent buffer protection device as described above. Therefore, the transportation device of this utility model can effectively absorb and disperse collision impact force, reducing the collision impact force by more than 60%, thereby significantly reducing the damage to mining equipment in collision accidents, protecting the key components and structural integrity of the equipment, extending the service life of the mining transportation equipment, reducing its maintenance and replacement frequency, reducing the equipment maintenance costs of mining enterprises, and reducing downtime losses caused by equipment damage, ensuring the continuity of mining operations, and improving the economic benefits of enterprises. On the other hand, it can also improve the timeliness and effectiveness of buffer protection, enhance the safety protection capability of equipment in different collision scenarios, and meet the needs of equipment safety protection in complex mining operating environments.
[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A multi-level intelligent buffer protection device, characterized in that, include: A rubber buffer layer (1) with flexibility and elasticity to deform during collision impact to absorb energy and buffer; a metal buffer layer (2) to deform during collision impact to absorb energy and buffer; a flexible buffer layer (3) to deform during collision impact to adhere to the surface of the colliding object and disperse the impact force; and a self-adjusting damping device (4) to generate damping force during collision impact to consume collision energy. The rubber buffer layer (1) is hollow and its opening side is connected and fixed to the main frame of the transport equipment; The metal buffer layer (2) and the flexible buffer layer (3) are sequentially installed in the hollow cavity of the rubber buffer layer (1), and the metal buffer layer (2) is set against the inner surface of the rubber buffer layer (1) and fixed to the main frame of the equipment through multiple sets of connecting brackets (6) fixed to it. The flexible buffer layer (3) is located between the main frame of the equipment and the metal buffer layer (2) and is fixed to the metal buffer layer (2). One end of the self-adjusting damping device (4) is connected to the main frame of the equipment, and the other end passes through the flexible buffer layer (3) and is connected to the metal buffer layer (2). The self-adjusting damping device (4) is also connected to the control system of the transportation equipment to adaptively adjust the magnitude of its internal damping force according to the magnitude of the collision impact force.
2. The multi-level intelligent buffer protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the rubber buffer layer (1) is 30mm to 50mm; The mounting edge of the rubber buffer layer (1) on the open side is fixedly connected to the main frame of the equipment through multiple sets of first connectors (7) arranged circumferentially at intervals, and the mounting edge of the rubber buffer layer (1) on the open side is also fixedly bonded to the outer surface of the main frame of the equipment with adhesive.
3. The multi-level intelligent buffer protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the rubber buffer layer (1) is also provided with anti-slip grooves (101) that are recessed and arranged in a crisscross pattern.
4. The multi-level intelligent buffer protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the metal buffer layer (2) is 20mm to 30mm; The metal buffer layer (2) is a honeycomb plate formed by connecting several regularly arranged honeycomb (201). The pore size of the honeycomb (201) is 5mm to 10mm, and the wall thickness of the honeycomb (201) is 0.5mm to 1mm.
5. The multi-level intelligent buffer protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the metal buffer layer (2) is oxidized to form an oxide film layer for corrosion resistance.
6. The multi-level intelligent buffer protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the flexible buffer layer (3) is 15mm to 25mm; The outer surface of the flexible buffer layer (3) is covered with a waterproof and breathable membrane (31) with a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm.
7. The multi-level intelligent buffer protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-adjusting damping device (4) includes a hydraulic damper (41) and multiple pressure detectors (42) arranged on the flexible buffer layer (3); The first end of the hydraulic damper (41) is connected to the main frame of the equipment, and the second end of the hydraulic damper (41) is connected to the metal buffer layer (2) after passing through the flexible buffer layer (3). The hydraulic damper (41) is also electrically connected to the control system of the transport equipment. Multiple pressure detectors (42) are connected to the control system via connecting wires (43) to detect the pressure in the multi-level intelligent buffer protection device in real time and feed it back to the control system. The control system is used to adjust the hydraulic damping force in the hydraulic damper (41) when the pressure exceeds the preset pressure threshold.
8. The multi-level intelligent buffer protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hydraulic damper (41) includes a hydraulic cylinder (411) consisting of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder that are fitted together, a bearing hinge seat (412) connected to the first end of the hydraulic cylinder (411) via a spherical bearing, a connecting flange (413) fixed to the second end of the hydraulic cylinder (411), and a piston rod (414) that extends into the inner cylinder after passing through the connecting flange (413) axially. The bearing hinge seat (412) is fixed to the main frame of the equipment, and the connecting flange (413) is fixed to the metal buffer layer (2); The rodless chamber (4111) of the inner cylinder contains hydraulic oil. The rodless chamber (4111) of the inner cylinder is also connected to the outer cylinder through a throttle hole (4112) opened on its wall. The throttle hole (4112) is also equipped with a throttle valve (415) that is set to rotate up and down to control the size of its flow area. The throttle valve (415) is connected to the adjustment knob (416) through an eccentric cam structure. The adjustment knob (416) achieves intelligent control by controlling the motor. The outer cylinder is also equipped with a one-way valve circuit that connects to the rodless chamber of the inner cylinder, so that oil can be automatically replenished when the piston rod (414) returns to its original position.
9. The multi-level intelligent buffer protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-level intelligent buffer protection device also includes an elastic buffer device (5), which is connected between the main frame of the equipment and the flexible buffer layer (3) to buffer the impact force.
10. A transportation device, characterized in that, The outer surface of its main frame has a multi-level intelligent buffer protection device as described in any one of claims 1-9.