A glass assembly and terminal
By designing anti-diffraction sections on the glass plate heating line and using multiple continuous concave-convex structures to disrupt the correlation of diffraction waves, the problem of edge diffraction caused by heating elements on the glass shell is solved, thereby improving the clarity of optical imaging and the reliability of the photosensitive sensor.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- YINWANG INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGIES CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, heating elements and other functional components on the glass casing cause edge diffraction of the light beams from photosensitive sensors such as cameras and lidar, affecting image clarity and reliability.
Anti-diffraction sections are designed on the heating line of the glass plate. The outer edge has multiple continuous concave and convex structures with different shapes and/or sizes of adjacent concave and convex structures, which disrupts the correlation between diffracted waves and suppresses edge diffraction.
It effectively suppresses the regular superposition of diffracted light waves, improves the clarity of optical imaging and the reliability of photosensitive sensors, and is suitable for scenarios such as vehicle cameras and lidar.
Smart Images
Figure CN224555807U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of optical technology, and in particular to a glass assembly and terminal. Background Technology
[0002] With the development of sensing technology, more and more devices are incorporating light sensors, such as cameras and LiDAR. These light sensors can use light to perceive the object space. To improve the structural reliability of the sensors, they are usually placed inside the device, capturing light from the object space through the device's glass casing. Examples of glass casings include vehicle windshields, transparent lens covers for drones, and transparent front cover panels for robots.
[0003] However, these glass housings typically integrate other functional components, such as heating elements and graphic markings. These components can diffract the passing light beam, interfering with the detection of the photosensor and reducing its reliability. Utility Model Content
[0004] This application provides a glass assembly and terminal that can effectively suppress edge diffraction and improve the clarity of optical imaging.
[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a glass assembly including a glass plate and a heating wire. The glass plate includes a light-transmitting area, and the heating wire is fixedly connected to the glass plate. The heating wire includes a first anti-diffraction section, at least a portion of which is located within the light-transmitting area of the glass plate. At least one outer edge of the first anti-diffraction section has a plurality of continuous concave and convex structures, wherein at least two adjacent concave and convex structures have different shapes and / or sizes. The heating wire is capable of generating heat for heating the glass plate.
[0006] When light waves pass through a heating line with a smooth edge, edge diffraction occurs, resulting in bright or dark fringes or halos in the imaging area, affecting visual image clarity. In the above solution, the heating line is designed with an anti-diffraction section. The outer edge of the anti-diffraction section has a designed, continuous concave-convex structure, creating a continuous undulation at the edge of the heating line and preventing edge diffraction. Furthermore, the shapes or sizes of adjacent concave-convex structures differ, making the edge shape of the anti-diffraction section non-periodic, further disrupting the correlation between diffracted waves. This makes it easier for diffracted waves to cancel each other out or scatter. Therefore, the above solution avoids the regular superposition of diffracted light waves, effectively suppresses edge diffraction, prevents the formation of obvious diffraction fringes, and improves the clarity of optical imaging.
[0007] Furthermore, concave and convex units of different sizes / shapes can suppress light diffraction of different wavelengths respectively, forming a broadband anti-diffraction effect, which is suitable for eliminating diffraction stripe interference of sensing devices or display devices designed in the terminal.
[0008] The aforementioned visual imaging includes head-up display (HUD) image imaging and sensing device imaging. This application is particularly applicable to scenarios such as automotive windshields, robot LiDAR windows, and drone camera glass covers, avoiding diffraction interference with imaging or displayed content. For example, a camera, LiDAR, or other photosensitive sensor can be installed on the inside of an automotive windshield. Using the aforementioned glass assembly can avoid diffraction interference with the photosensitive sensor's imaging, potentially improving the reliability of photosensitive sensing. Furthermore, a HUD can be installed on the inside of an automotive windshield, and the aforementioned first anti-diffraction section can be positioned in the area through which the HUD's imaging beam passes, improving the clarity of the displayed content.
[0009] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the light-transmitting area of the glass plate is used for a photosensitive sensor mounted on the inner side of the glass plate to sense light, and at least a portion of the first anti-diffraction section overlaps with the photosensitive area of the photosensitive sensor.
[0010] In other words, a photosensor is disposed on the inner side of the glass plate. In the thickness direction of the glass plate, the photosensitive area of the photosensor at least partially overlaps with the light-transmitting area of the glass plate, enabling the photosensor to sense the environment outside the glass plate. At least a portion of the first anti-diffraction section is located within the photosensitive area of the photosensor. The photosensor can be, for example, a camera, a lidar sensor, or a fusion sensing device. The fusion sensing device includes at least two types of sensors, such as a camera, lidar, or a lidar sensor; for example, the fusion sensing device is a fusion sensor integrating an image sensor and a lidar sensor.
[0011] Because the photosensitive sensor is located inside the glass plate, when the heating wire is placed within the photosensitive area of the sensor, it can easily cause edge diffraction in the imaging beam, resulting in image noise, spots, or blurred edges. In the above embodiment, the heating wire within the photosensitive area has an anti-diffraction design. By utilizing a differentiated concave-convex structure, it actively disrupts the correlation between diffracted waves, preventing edge diffraction fringes from forming in the image and improving the imaging signal-to-noise ratio.
[0012] In addition, the anti-diffraction design ensures that the heating wire can cover the photosensitive area without significantly affecting the image clarity, and also ensures that the photosensitive area can have defrosting and defogging functions, thus improving the reliability of the photosensitive sensor in various scenarios.
[0013] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the outline of at least one outer edge of the first anti-diffraction section is curved. In other words, the design of the concave-convex structure makes the edge outline curved, and the phase of the diffracted wave of light passing through the first anti-diffraction section is more randomized, destroying coherence, thereby significantly reducing the contrast of the diffraction fringes and improving the optical clarity of the image.
[0014] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the outline of at least one concave-convex structure is curved. The outer edge of the anti-diffraction section has a designed concave-convex structure, and burrs and / or pits may also exist on the outer contour of a single concave-convex structure. This is due to limitations in processing accuracy or process characteristics, such as deformation or material shrinkage during printing, resulting in non-ideal surface undulations.
[0015] In some cases, the design creates multiple concave and convex structures controlled by manually designed structural parameters.
[0016] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the first anti-diffraction section includes a first segment, and at least one outer edge of the first segment includes at least a portion of a plurality of concave-convex structures. The peak-to-valley value of the profile of at least one outer edge of the first segment is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm. Further, the length of the first segment is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm.
[0017] The peak-to-valley value refers to the difference between the highest point of the protrusion and the highest point of the depression within this segment. In the above embodiment, the peak-to-valley value at the outer edge of at least a portion of the anti-diffraction segment is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm. This range of peak-to-valley values can enhance light scattering and prevent the concentration of diffracted light in a specific direction. Furthermore, structures with peak-to-valley values greater than or equal to 0.1 mm are less prone to deformation and failure under the effects of glass thermal expansion and contraction or vibration. Moreover, 0.1 mm-level uneven structures are less susceptible to micron-level processing errors, resulting in high yield and suitability for applications requiring high precision, such as meeting automotive-grade requirements.
[0018] In some possible solutions, diffraction effects in the visible light wavelength range (400–700 nm) can be significantly suppressed by sub-millimeter (0.1 mm) uneven structures. Furthermore, designing peak-to-valley values greater than or equal to 0.1 mm ensures sufficiently strong phase perturbations for multi-wavelength light waves.
[0019] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the width of the first anti-diffraction segment is randomly distributed between a first value and a second value. The first value is the minimum width of the first anti-diffraction segment, and the second value is the maximum width of the first anti-diffraction segment.
[0020] In the above embodiments, the width of the first anti-diffraction section has statistical randomness (rather than a fixed value) between the first value and the second value, which enables the refraction angle of light in the longitudinal direction (thickness direction) of the anti-diffraction section to present an irregular distribution, destroying the coherent superposition condition of diffracted light waves, further reducing the regular superposition of diffracted light waves, effectively suppressing the edge diffraction phenomenon, preventing diffracted waves from forming obvious diffraction fringes, and improving the optical clarity of imaging.
[0021] Furthermore, the combination of random width and differentiated concave-convex design enables the anti-diffraction section to have more stable anti-diffraction performance for large-angle incident light (such as the edge field of view of a wide-angle lens in a vehicle camera).
[0022] For example, the first value is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm, and the second value is less than or equal to 1.5 mm. The lower limit of 0.2 mm ensures that a single heating wire has sufficient structural stability to avoid breakage (or cracking) and affecting the heating effect. The upper limit of 1.5 mm can prevent excessively wide wires from forming visually obstructions in the light-transmitting area.
[0023] In some solutions, using a random width distribution with no repeating pattern within this range can be adapted to diffraction protection covering the vicinity of visible light and / or infrared light bands, and can specifically prevent interference.
[0024] For example, the first value is 0.3mm, and the second value is 1.0mm. Randomly fluctuating the heating wire width within the range of 0.3mm to 1.0mm can achieve better structural stability and prevent obstruction of vision, meeting automotive-grade requirements.
[0025] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the first anti-diffraction segment includes a second segment, at least one outer edge of the second segment including portions of a plurality of irregular and convex structures. The shape and / or size of the irregular and convex structures on at least one outer edge of the second segment are randomly distributed.
[0026] For example, the length of the second segment is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, and the length of the second segment is less than or equal to the length of the first anti-diffraction segment.
[0027] In the above embodiments, the shape and / or size of the concave-convex structure of the first anti-diffraction section has statistical randomness, which enables the refraction angle of light in the longitudinal direction (thickness direction) of the anti-diffraction section to present an irregular distribution, thereby disrupting the coherent superposition condition of diffracted light waves, further reducing the regular superposition of diffracted light waves, effectively suppressing the edge diffraction phenomenon, preventing diffracted waves from forming obvious diffraction fringes, and improving the optical clarity of imaging.
[0028] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the length of the second segment is less than or equal to N times the average width of the first anti-diffraction segment, where N ≥ 2.
[0029] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the distance between the tips of the protrusions of the plurality of protrusions in the plurality of concave-convex structures and the center line of the width of the first anti-diffraction section is randomly distributed between a third value and a fourth value. The third value is the minimum distance between the tips of the protrusions and the center line of the width of the first anti-diffraction section, and the fourth value is the maximum distance between the tips of the protrusions and the center line of the width of the first anti-diffraction section.
[0030] In the above embodiments, the lower limit of the spacing ensures that the top of each convex part can protrude significantly, reducing errors caused by the manufacturing process, while the upper limit of the spacing prevents the heating wire from being too thick and obstructing the field of view. The different degrees of protrusion of the convex parts make the shape and / or size of the concave-convex structure of the first anti-diffraction section statistically random, which makes the refraction angle of light in the longitudinal direction (thickness direction) of the anti-diffraction section exhibit an irregular distribution, destroying the coherent superposition condition of diffracted light waves, further reducing the regular superposition of diffracted light waves, effectively suppressing the edge diffraction phenomenon, preventing the diffracted waves from forming obvious diffraction fringes, and improving the optical clarity of the image.
[0031] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the third value is greater than or equal to 0.15 mm, and the fourth value is less than or equal to 0.75 mm. For example, the protrusion height is between 0.15 and 0.5 mm.
[0032] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the first anti-diffraction segment includes at least two sampling segments of equal length that are not completely overlapping and are distributed along the length direction of the first anti-diffraction segment. At least one outer edge of each sampling segment includes portions of a plurality of concave and convex structures, and the outer edges of at least two sampling segments have different contours.
[0033] In the above embodiments, after sampling to obtain multiple sampling segments in the first anti-diffraction section, the outer edge contours of each sampling segment are different. That is to say, the concave and convex structures at various points in the anti-diffraction section are differentiated. This design enables the refraction angle of light in the anti-diffraction section to exhibit an irregular distribution, disrupting the coherent superposition condition of diffracted light waves, further reducing the regular superposition of diffracted light waves, effectively suppressing edge diffraction phenomena, preventing the formation of obvious diffraction fringes, and improving the optical clarity of imaging.
[0034] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the length of each sampling segment is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm. For example, each sampling segment is 2 mm.
[0035] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the first anti-diffraction segment includes a first edge and a second edge that are opposite to each other along the width direction of the first anti-diffraction segment. Both the first edge and the second edge have a plurality of continuous concave and convex structures, and the shape of the contour of the first edge and the shape of the contour of the second edge are not complementary in the width direction of the first anti-diffraction segment.
[0036] In the above embodiment, non-complementary concave-convex profiles (i.e., the concave portion on one side does not match the convex portion on the other side) are provided on both sides (the first edge and the second edge) of the width direction of the first anti-diffraction section. This enables asymmetric scattering in the width direction, reduces the correlation of diffracted light waves, and disperses the diffracted light energy in both the lateral and longitudinal directions. Moreover, the non-complementary profiles produce differentiated scattering of light rays at different incident angles, further suppressing the formation of alternating bright and dark diffraction patterns by obliquely incident light.
[0037] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the first anti-diffraction segment includes a first edge and a second edge that are opposite to each other along the width direction of the first anti-diffraction segment, and the contour lines of the first edge and the second edge are different.
[0038] In the above embodiments, different contour lines can further reduce the correlation of diffracted light waves, avoid the formation of diffraction patterns with alternating brightness and darkness, and improve imaging clarity. In addition, the different contour lines of the first edge and the second edge prevent the two edges from forming symmetry, forcing the incident light to undergo asymmetrical scattering, and making it easier for diffracted waves to cancel each other out or scatter each other.
[0039] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the contour lines of the first edge and the second edge are axisymmetric. This axisymmetric design reduces manufacturing complexity, requiring only the contour shape of one edge to be set, while the shape of the other edge can be reused, thus reducing costs.
[0040] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the shapes of the plurality of concave and convex structures include at least one of arcuate, serrated, and other curves besides arcuate and serrated. Among these, arcuate and serrated shapes are easy to design and form. However, complex shapes can achieve better anti-diffraction and anti-interference effects.
[0041] In some cases, different convex and concave structures are used on both sides, or one side edge can be designed with a variety of convex and concave structures to improve the effect of resisting diffraction interference.
[0042] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the shapes of the plurality of concave and convex structures are all serrated. The geometric parameters of the plurality of concave and convex structures are random, and the plurality of concave and convex structures include at least one of the following parameters: apex angle, serration height, angle between the edge of the serration and the length direction of the first anti-diffraction section, or the position of the serration in the length direction of the first anti-diffraction section.
[0043] In the above scheme, by designing the geometric parameters of the sawtooth shape, it is possible to form concave and convex structures of different sizes, reduce the correlation of diffracted light waves, and avoid forming diffraction patterns with alternating light and dark.
[0044] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the shapes of the plurality of concave and convex structures are all partial arcs of an ellipse. The values of the geometric parameters of the plurality of concave and convex structures exhibit statistical randomness. The plurality of concave and convex structures include at least one of the following parameters: the length of the major axis of the ellipse, the length of the minor axis of the ellipse, the position of the ellipse along the length direction of the first anti-diffraction section, and the position of the ellipse along the width direction of the first anti-diffraction section.
[0045] In the above scheme, by designing the geometric parameters of the ellipse, it is possible to form arcs of different sizes. These arcs of random size and random position distribution can reduce the correlation of diffracted light waves and avoid forming diffraction patterns with alternating brightness and darkness.
[0046] In another possible implementation of the first aspect, the heating wire is a silver paste wire. The silver paste heating wire can be attached to the surface of the glass substrate by screen printing or digital printing. In some cases, the glass comprises multiple layers, the glass substrate containing the silver paste is one of the layers, and the silver paste wire is sandwiched between the multiple glass layers.
[0047] In another possible embodiment of the first aspect, the heating wire is enameled wire. Enameled wire is a type of heating wire in which a metal conductor is coated with an insulating varnish layer and solidified, and can be used for heating glass plates. The enameled wire can be fixed in the glass plate by bonding or pressing.
[0048] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a terminal device, which includes the glass assembly and photosensor of any of the first aspects. Here, "terminal device" is not limited to end nodes in a communication system, but refers generally to electronic devices. For example, the terminal device covers one or more electronic devices such as mobile platforms or smart devices. A mobile platform refers to an autonomous or semi-autonomous moving vehicle or device, such as a vehicle, drone, aircraft, or robot. A smart device refers to a device that integrates sensors.
[0049] Alternatively, the terminal device may include a vehicle, drone, or robot.
[0050] For example, the terminal is a vehicle, and the glass panel in the glass assembly is the windshield panel. Attached Figure Description
[0051] The accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.
[0052] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a glass assembly provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the edge of a heating wire in a glass assembly provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0054] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the edge of the heating wire of another glass assembly provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0055] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the edge of the heating wire of another glass assembly provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0056] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the outline of a concave-convex structure provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0057] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of at least a portion of the outer contour of the first anti-diffraction segment provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0058] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the edge of another type of heating wire;
[0059] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the design process of the outer contour of the edge of a heating wire according to an embodiment of this application;
[0060] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the design process of the outer contour of the edge of a heating wire according to an embodiment of this application;
[0061] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0062] The following section will introduce some of the technical terms.
[0063] Diffraction refers to the phenomenon where light diffuses around an obstacle or through a slit, and it is one of the important manifestations of the wave nature of light. Edge diffraction is a special diffraction phenomenon that occurs when light waves encounter objects with sharp edges. The light waves bypass the edge of the obstacle, forming alternating bright and dark fringes in the geometric shadow area of the obstacle, that is, forming a striped distribution of light and dark.
[0064] The above terminology descriptions can be applied in the examples below.
[0065] To protect the photosensor within the terminal, it is typically housed inside the device. The terminal is encased in a glass shell, such as a glass panel, allowing the photosensor to perceive information about the terminal's environment. However, the glass shell also contains functional components, such as heating elements and graphic icons. The smooth edges of these components cause edge diffraction of light beams passing through the glass shell, affecting visual clarity and interfering with the photosensor's detection.
[0066] Taking a vehicle as an example, the forward-facing camera is installed inside the windshield, and it perceives the outside of the vehicle through the windshield. However, to achieve the defrosting and defogging function, heating wires, such as enameled wire or silver paste, are introduced into the windshield. But because the edges of the heating wires are smooth, they are prone to edge diffraction. Edge diffraction causes the energy of the light beam to redistribute, for example, forming filamentary bright parts around bright objects in the environment (such as light sources or highly reflective targets), causing bright objects to appear to have a streaking effect.
[0067] Since the output of photosensors is often used in the intelligent functions of terminals (such as autonomous driving and 360-degree panoramic imaging), the detection reliability of photosensors is crucial. Edge diffraction reduces the reliability of detection results, affecting the decision-making and output of intelligent functions. For example, bright areas formed by edge diffraction may obscure the image of real objects in the environment, leading to missed target detection. Furthermore, bright areas formed by edge diffraction may cause errors in target recognition, resulting in mis-braking or failure to brake, causing safety accidents.
[0068] In view of this, this application provides a glass assembly and a terminal, wherein an anti-diffraction section is provided in the heating wire of the glass plate, and the outer edge of the anti-diffraction section has a designed continuous concave-convex structure. Moreover, the shapes or sizes of adjacent concave-convex structures are different, so that the shape of the edge of the anti-diffraction section is non-periodic, which can destroy the correlation between diffracted waves, effectively suppress edge diffraction, and improve the optical clarity of imaging.
[0069] In addition to photosensors, the light beams of some optical imaging devices also pass through glass housings; for example, the light path of a vehicle's head-up display passes through the windshield. Anti-diffraction sections can also be placed within the area through which the imaging beam of the light-emitting imaging device passes.
[0070] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a glass assembly provided in an embodiment of this application. The glass assembly 10 includes a glass plate 11 and a heating wire 12. The glass plate 11 includes a light-transmitting area 111. The heating wire 12 is fixedly connected to the glass plate 11 and can generate heat for heating the glass plate 11. For example, the heating wire 12 is silver paste (i.e., silver paste wire) or enameled wire.
[0071] The silver paste heating wire can be attached to the surface of the glass substrate by screen printing or digital printing. In some cases, the glass comprises multiple layers, with the glass substrate containing the silver paste being one of the layers, and the silver paste wire sandwiched between the multiple glass layers. For example, a glass plate includes three layers: an outer glass plate, a middle glass plate, and an inner glass plate. The heating layer is generally located between two layers, such as between the middle glass plate and the inner glass plate, or between the outer glass plate and the middle glass plate. Enamelled wire is a heating wire whose surface is coated with an insulating varnish and then solidified. It can be fixed to the glass plate 11 by bonding or pressing. Optionally, the enamelled wire can also be placed between the layers of the multi-layered glass.
[0072] In this embodiment, the heating wire 12 includes a first anti-diffraction section 121, at least a portion of which is located in the light-transmitting region 111 of the glass plate. For example, in Figure 1 In the structure shown, the entire first anti-diffraction section 121 is located within the light-transmitting region 111. It should be understood that the aforementioned design also applies to cases where a portion of the first anti-diffraction section 121 is located outside the light-transmitting region of the glass plate 111.
[0073] The outer edge of at least one side of the first anti-diffraction section 121 has a continuous plurality of concave and convex structures. See also... Figure 2 The first anti-diffraction section includes sections along the width direction (e.g., Figure 1 The first edge 1211 and the second edge 1212 are arranged opposite to each other in the y direction shown. At least one of these two edges has a continuous plurality of concave and convex structures. This also applies to the case where both sides have a continuous plurality of concave and convex structures.
[0074] Each concave-convex structure includes a concave portion and a convex portion, with adjacent convex portions connected by a concave portion, thus creating a continuous undulation on the outer edge. For example, the first edge 1211 includes adjacent concave-convex structures #1 and #2, both of which have convex portions (protruding outwards), and these two convex structures are connected by a concave portion (receding inwards). The continuous concave-convex structure creates a continuous undulation on the edge of the first anti-diffraction section 121, preventing edge diffraction.
[0075] Combination Figures 2 to 4 In the embodiments of this application, at least two adjacent concave and convex structures among the plurality of concave and convex structures have different shapes and / or sizes. For example... Figure 2 The shapes and dimensions of the concave-convex structures #1 and #2 are different. In some cases, two adjacent concave-convex structures may have the same shape but different dimensions. In other cases, two adjacent concave-convex structures may have the same dimensions but different shapes, for example, the height and span of the protrusions may be the same but the shapes of the protrusions may be different. This application also applies to both of these cases.
[0076] In this context, shape describes the outline (or boundary) of a geometry, while size is a metric that quantifies the geometry. For example, for a convex-concave structure, size may include one or more of the following metrics: the distance from the top of a protrusion or the bottom of a depression to a baseline (such as the width centerline) (i.e., the height or depth of the protrusion), the span, period, or tilt angle of a single protrusion or depression.
[0077] By differentiating the adjacent concave and convex structures, the edge shape of the first anti-diffraction segment 121 becomes non-periodic, which can disrupt the correlation between diffracted waves, making it easier for them to cancel each other out or scatter. Moreover, the differentiated design allows the anti-diffraction band to cover a wider range of diffraction suppression, forming a broad-spectrum anti-diffraction effect, which is suitable for eliminating diffraction fringe interference from sensing devices or display devices designed in the terminal.
[0078] Consider a possible scenario where the anti-diffraction section is designed as a serrated or wavy shape with uniform shape and size. Since the raised structure changes regularly and periodically, this design transforms the regular superposition of diffracted waves in one direction into regular superposition in two or more directions, still resulting in noticeable diffraction fringes. Therefore, this design is unsuitable for scenarios requiring high-precision imaging, such as automotive-grade reliability requirements. In contrast, the embodiments of this application employ a differentiated design of the concave and convex structures, making it easier for diffracted waves to cancel each other out or scatter, significantly suppressing the formation of diffraction fringe 0.
[0079] In some possible implementations, a photosensor 20 is disposed on one side of a glass plate, and the photosensitive area 211 of the photosensor at least partially overlaps with the light-transmitting area 111 of the glass plate. The photosensitive area of the photosensor 20 refers to its imaging area, i.e., the area covered by the field of view, and the light beam received by the photosensor 20 (i.e., the imaging beam) passes through the photosensitive area 211. To avoid interference with the imaging beam, at least a portion of the first anti-diffraction section 121 is located within the photosensitive area 211 of the photosensor 20, giving the heating wire 12 within the photosensitive area 211 an anti-diffraction design. This anti-diffraction design utilizes differentiated concave-convex structures to actively disrupt the correlation between diffracted waves, preventing edge diffraction fringes from the image generated by the photosensor 20 and improving the imaging signal-to-noise ratio. The photosensor 20 can be, for example, a camera, a lidar sensor, or a fusion sensing device. A fusion sensing device can be, for example, a fusion sensor integrating an image sensor and a lidar sensor.
[0080] In some possible implementations, a display device is disposed on one side of the glass plate, and the display device forms a display image by transmitting an imaging beam. The area through which the imaging beam transmitted by the display device passes (i.e., the imaging area) overlaps at least partially with the light-transmitting area 111 of the glass plate. At least a portion of the first anti-diffraction section 121 is located in the imaging area, thereby improving the clarity of the display image.
[0081] Optionally, the heating line 12 has multiple anti-diffraction sections. When both a photosensitive sensor and a display device are installed on one side of the glass plate, considering that the photosensitive area 211 and the imaging area of the display device do not completely overlap, some anti-diffraction sections are located in the photosensitive area 211 of the photosensitive sensor, and some anti-diffraction sections are located in the imaging area.
[0082] In some possible implementations, the outline of at least one outer edge of the first anti-diffraction section 121 is curved. Because multiple undulating structures form a continuous undulation, the outer edge outline of the first anti-diffraction section 121 forms a curve; here, a curve refers to a non-linear structure (i.e., including folds). It should be noted that the undulating structures here are designed in, and are distinct from natural burrs and / or pits formed by machining precision or process characteristics.
[0083] Furthermore, the contour lines of the concave-convex structure are curved. That is, the outer contour of a single concave-convex structure may contain burrs and / or pits, such as... Figure 5 As shown, in Figure 2 The outer contour of the convex-concave structure #2 shown has burrs and pits. This is due to limitations in processing accuracy or process characteristics, such as deformation and material shrinkage during printing, resulting in non-ideal surface undulations. In some cases, in the designed convex-concave structure, the distance between the top of the protrusion and the center line along the length direction of the first anti-diffraction section is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm, for example, the minimum value is 0.15 mm. Furthermore, the peak-valley value (i.e., the height difference between the convex and concave sections) of each designed convex-concave structure is greater than the peak-valley value of the protrusions with irrational undulations caused by processing accuracy or process characteristics.
[0084] In some possible implementations, the first anti-diffraction section 121 includes a first segment, for example... Figure 2 The diagram shows a segment of the first anti-diffraction section 121. Further, at least one outer edge of the first segment includes at least a portion of a plurality of concave-convex structures. The peak-to-valley value of the profile of at least one outer edge of the first segment is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm. Further, the length of the first segment (expressed as...) (≥0.5mm)
[0085] In some possible implementations, the width of the first anti-diffraction section The values are randomly distributed between a first value and a second value. The first value is the minimum width of the first anti-diffraction segment, and the second value is the maximum width of the first anti-diffraction segment. For example, the first value is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm, and the second value is less than or equal to 1.5 mm. For instance, the first value is 0.3 mm, and the second value is 1.0 mm.
[0086] In some cases, the multiple concave and convex structures on at least one outer edge of the first anti-diffraction section 121 are different, for example, their shape and size have statistical randomness. Several possible designs are described below:
[0087] Design 1, the first anti-diffraction segment 121 includes a second segment, which is further combined. Figure 2 The segmentation shown has a second segment whose outer edge on at least one side includes a plurality of concave and convex structures. The shape and / or size of the concave and convex structures on at least one side of the outer edge of the second segment are randomly distributed. The shapes of the plurality of concave and convex structures include one or more of the following: arcuate, serrated, or curves other than arcuate and serrated.
[0088] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the shapes of the concave and convex structures all belong to the arc category, but the different chord lengths and curvatures of the arcs result in different specific shapes. That is, multiple arcs have different shapes and exhibit statistical randomness.
[0089] For example, such as Figure 4 As shown, the shapes of the concave and convex structures all belong to the serrated category, but the specific shapes of the serrations differ due to variations in the angle and inclination of the apex. In other words, multiple serrations have different shapes and exhibit statistical randomness.
[0090] Furthermore, multiple sampling segments of equal length are taken from the first anti-diffraction section 121, and the shape and / or size within each sampling segment exhibit statistical randomness. Combined with... Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of at least a portion of the outer contour of the first anti-diffraction segment provided in the embodiments of this application. The first anti-diffraction segment 121 includes sampling segments #1 to #3, and the shape and / or size of the concave and convex structures in each sampling segment have statistical randomness.
[0091] For example, the length of the second segment is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, and the length of the second segment is less than or equal to the length of the first anti-diffraction segment. The length of the second segment is less than or equal to the average width of the first anti-diffraction segment. N times, where N≥2. For example, with Figure 2 Taking the segmentation shown as an example, the length of the segment... 5 .
[0092] Design 2: The distance between the apex of the multiple protrusions of the multiple concave-convex structures and the center line of the width of the first anti-diffraction section is randomly distributed between a third and a fourth value. Combined with... Figure 3 The third value The minimum distance between the tops of the multiple protrusions and the center line of the width of the first anti-diffraction section, the fourth value. This is the maximum value of the distance between the top of the multiple protrusions and the center line of the width of the first anti-diffraction section. For example, the third value is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm, and the fourth value is less than or equal to 0.75 mm.
[0093] The lower limit of the spacing ensures that the tip of each convex part can protrude significantly, reducing errors caused by the manufacturing process. The lower limit of the spacing also prevents the heating wire 12 from being too thick and obstructing the field of vision. The varying degrees of protrusion of the convex parts result in statistical randomness in the shape and / or size of the concave-convex structure of the first anti-diffraction section 121. This allows the refraction angle of light in the longitudinal direction (thickness direction) of the anti-diffraction section to exhibit an irregular distribution, disrupting the coherent superposition condition of the diffracted light waves.
[0094] Design 3, the first anti-diffraction segment 121 includes at least two sampling segments of equal length that are not completely overlapping and are distributed along the length direction of the first anti-diffraction segment. At least one outer edge of each sampling segment includes a plurality of concave-convex structures, and the outer edge contours of at least two sampling segments are different. Combined with... Figure 6 The first anti-diffraction section 121 includes sampling segments #1 to #3, and the contours of the outer edges in each sampling segment are different, for example, at least one of the outer edges has a different contour.
[0095] Furthermore, the length of each sampling segment is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm. For example, the outer edge contour of at least one side of each 2 mm sampling segment of the first anti-diffraction segment 121 is different.
[0096] In Design 3, after sampling multiple sampling segments in the first anti-diffraction section, the outer edge contours of each sampling segment are different. That is to say, the concave and convex structures at different points in the anti-diffraction section are differentiated. This design allows the refraction angle of light in the anti-diffraction section to exhibit an irregular distribution, disrupting the coherent superposition condition of diffracted light waves, further reducing the regular superposition of diffracted light waves, and effectively suppressing the edge diffraction phenomenon.
[0097] The above designs are merely examples. In some cases, some or all of the three designs mentioned above can be superimposed. For example, design 1 and design 3 can be superimposed to ensure that the outer edges of multiple sampling segments of the first anti-diffraction section are different while maintaining random shapes and sizes.
[0098] In some possible implementations, the first anti-diffraction segment 121 includes a first edge 1211 and a second edge 1212 that are opposite to each other along the width direction (e.g., the y-direction) of the first anti-diffraction segment 121. Both the first edge 1211 and the second edge 1212 have a continuous plurality of concave and convex structures. For example, combined with... Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 or Figure 6 Both the first edge 1211 and the second edge 1212 have a series of continuous concave and convex structures.
[0099] In some possible implementations, the shapes of the contours of the first edge 1211 and the second edge 1212 are not complementary in the width direction of the first anti-diffraction segment. In other words, the concave portion on one side does not perfectly match the convex portion on the other side; for example, the concave portion of the first edge 1211 does not perfectly match the convex portion of the second edge 1212. This design enables asymmetric scattering in the width direction, reduces the correlation of diffracted light waves, and disperses the diffracted light energy in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. Moreover, the non-complementary contours produce differentiated scattering of light rays at different incident angles, further suppressing the formation of alternating bright and dark diffraction patterns by obliquely incident light.
[0100] Consider one possible scenario, combined with Figure 7 If the shape of one edge of the heating wire can be translated along its width to obtain the shape of the other edge, then the outward protrusion of one edge corresponds exactly to the inward indentation of the other edge, ensuring that the width of the heating wire is the same at different positions along its length. This will cause the diffracted waves to still pass through the obstacle of the same width and still form a diffraction pattern of alternating light and dark, affecting the image quality.
[0101] In the above embodiment, the contour of the first edge 1211 and the second edge 1212 are designed to be non-complementary in shape, making it easier for the diffracted waves after passing through the first anti-diffraction section 121 to form mutual cancellation or scattering effects, further reducing the regular superposition of diffracted light waves and effectively suppressing the edge diffraction phenomenon.
[0102] In some possible implementations, the contour lines of the first edge and the second edge are axially symmetrical. It should be noted that in the case of axial symmetry, the second edge 1212 is essentially a flip of the first edge 1211, and does not constitute a contour complement. The axially symmetrical design can reduce the difficulty of processing and manufacturing, requiring only the contour shape of one side of the edge to be set, while the shape of the other side can be reused, thus reducing costs.
[0103] In one possible implementation, the outer edge of at least one side of the first anti-diffraction section has a curved profile. In other words, the design of the concave-convex structure makes the edge profile curved, and the phase of the diffracted wave after the light passes through the first anti-diffraction section becomes more randomized, destroying coherence, thereby significantly reducing the contrast of the diffraction fringes and improving the optical clarity of the image.
[0104] The following describes three possible implementations of the outer edge of the anti-diffraction segment. The features in these implementations can also be combined.
[0105] To achieve 1, combine Figure 2 and Figure 6 The contours on both sides of the heating wire are designed with random boundary undulation curves to suppress edge diffraction and eliminate diffraction fringes.
[0106] Achieve 2: The shapes of multiple concave and convex structures are all partial arcs of an ellipse. The geometric parameters of these multiple concave and convex structures exhibit statistical randomness. Each of the multiple concave and convex structures includes at least one of the following parameters: the length of the major axis of the ellipse, the length of the minor axis of the ellipse, the position of the ellipse along the length direction of the first anti-diffraction segment, and the position of the ellipse along the width direction of the first anti-diffraction segment.
[0107] In some cases, combined Figure 8 The outer edge of the first anti-diffraction segment 121 can be formed using elliptical designs with different geometric parameters. Several ellipses with randomly arranged major axes a and minor axes b, combined and merged, can form the outer edge contour of the heating line.
[0108] To achieve step 3, the shapes of multiple concave and convex structures are all serrated. The geometric parameters of the multiple concave and convex structures are random, and the multiple concave and convex structures include at least one of the following parameters: apex angle, serration height, angle between the edge of the serration and the length direction of the first anti-diffraction section, or the position of the serration in the length direction of the first anti-diffraction section, etc.
[0109] In some cases, combined Figure 9 The outer edge of the first anti-diffraction section 121 can be formed using triangles with different geometric parameters. The shape formed by combining and merging several triangles with different base lengths can form the outer edge contour of the heating line.
[0110] The above three implementations are merely examples; in specific implementations, other non-periodic and irregular concave-convex structures may also be formed.
[0111] In some possible implementations, the heating wire further includes at least one connecting segment 122 located outside the photosensitive area. The edge of the at least one connecting segment 122 may be designed as a smooth, straight profile, or it may be designed as having a series of continuous convex and concave structures on the edge.
[0112] Optionally, the heating wire may have multiple anti-diffraction sections, with the first anti-diffraction section 121 being one or more of these sections. The multiple anti-diffraction sections may be continuous, or they may be connected by a connecting section 122.
[0113] This application provides a terminal device that includes the aforementioned glass assembly 10. In some cases, the terminal device further includes a photosensor 20, which may optionally be included in the glass assembly 10. In other cases, the terminal device further includes a display device disposed on one side of the glass plate in the glass assembly 10, which may optionally be included in the glass assembly 10.
[0114] The term "terminal equipment" here refers not only to end nodes within a communication system but also to electronic devices in general. For example, terminal equipment encompasses one or more electronic devices such as mobile platforms or smart devices. Mobile platforms refer to autonomous or semi-autonomous moving vehicles or equipment, such as vehicles, drones, aircraft, and robots. Smart devices refer to devices that integrate sensors.
[0115] Alternatively, the terminal device may include a vehicle, drone, or robot.
[0116] Taking vehicles as an example, Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle structure provided in an embodiment of this application. The vehicle includes the aforementioned glass assembly 10, the glass panel of which can be the windshield of the vehicle. The vehicle also includes a photosensor 20 and / or a display device, such as a HUD.
[0117] In some cases, the glass assembly 10 serves as the camera housing for a drone. In other cases, the glass assembly 10 serves as the outer shell assembly for a robot.
[0118] In addition, a few additional points need to be made regarding this application:
[0119] I. The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to depart from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.
[0120] 2. Unless otherwise stated, “multiple” means two or more.
[0121] 3. Unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions in different embodiments of this application are consistent and can be referenced by each other. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.
[0122] IV. The various numerical designations used in this application are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The order of the serial numbers used in this application does not imply the sequence of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic. For example, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and other various terminology (if present) in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. For instance, "first segment" and "second segment" are used to describe segments in different embodiments, but "first segment" and "second segment" can be the same segment. The aforementioned objects can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than that illustrated or described herein.
[0123] Furthermore, any embodiment or design described in this application as "exemplary" or "for example" should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner for ease of understanding.
[0124] V. The terms “comprising” and “having” and any variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or modules is not necessarily limited to those steps or modules that are expressly listed, but may include other steps or modules that are not expressly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product or device.
[0125] VI. The terms “center,” “upper,” “lower,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “inner,” and “outer,” etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.
[0126] VII. In the accompanying drawings, the thickness, size, and shape of the glass have been slightly exaggerated for ease of explanation. Specifically, the thickness, surface shape, etc., of the glass plates shown in the drawings are illustrated by way of example. Furthermore, the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not drawn to scale.
[0127] 8. The Cartesian coordinate system and the x, y, z directions shown in the various embodiments of this application are exemplary identifiers for ease of understanding and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this application. In actual implementation, the placement of devices, the arrangement direction, and the direction of the beam may be designed differently, and other coordinate systems such as spherical coordinates may also be used.
[0128] 9. Unless otherwise stated, " / " indicates that the objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B can mean A or B. In this application, "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between the related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. A and B can be singular or plural.
[0129] 10. Unless otherwise stated, the names of devices, systems, modules and other information in the embodiments of this application are merely examples, and devices, modules and modules are used to represent possible entities that implement a certain function, and the meanings of the three can be used interchangeably.
Claims
1. A glass assembly, characterized in that, Includes a glass plate and heating wires, wherein: The glass plate includes a light-transmitting area, the heating wire is fixedly connected to the glass plate and used to heat the glass plate, and the heating wire includes a first anti-diffraction section, at least a portion of which is located in the light-transmitting area of the glass plate. The first anti-diffraction section has at least one outer edge with a plurality of continuous concave and convex structures, wherein at least two adjacent concave and convex structures have different shapes and / or sizes.
2. The glass assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outline of at least one outer edge of the first anti-diffraction section is curved.
3. The glass assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The light-transmitting area of the glass plate is used for a photosensor installed on the inner side of the glass plate to sense light. At least a portion of the first anti-diffraction section overlaps with the photosensitive area of the photosensitive sensor.
4. The glass assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first anti-diffraction section includes a first segment. The outer edge of at least one side of the first segment includes at least a portion of the plurality of concave and convex structures. The peak-to-valley value of the contour of at least one outer edge of the first segment is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm. The length of the first segment is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm.
5. The glass assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The width of the first anti-diffraction segment is randomly distributed between a first value and a second value. The first value is the minimum width of the first anti-diffraction segment. The second value is the maximum width of the first anti-diffraction segment.
6. The glass assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first value is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm, and the second value is less than or equal to 1.5 mm.
7. The glass assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first anti-diffraction section includes a second segment. At least one outer edge of the second segment includes portions of the plurality of concave and convex structures. The shape and / or size of the concave-convex structure on at least one outer edge of the second segment are randomly distributed; The length of the second segment is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, and the length of the second segment is less than or equal to the length of the first anti-diffraction segment.
8. The glass assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The length of the second segment is less than or equal to N times the average width of the first anti-diffraction segment, where N ≥ 2.
9. The glass assembly according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The distance between the tops of the protrusions of the plurality of concave-convex structures and the center line of the width of the first anti-diffraction segment is randomly distributed between a third and a fourth value. The third value is the minimum distance between the top of the plurality of protrusions and the center line of the width of the first anti-diffraction segment; The fourth value is the maximum distance between the top of the plurality of protrusions and the center line of the width of the first anti-diffraction segment.
10. The glass assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that, The third value is greater than or equal to 0.15 mm, and the fourth value is less than or equal to 0.75 mm.
11. The glass assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first anti-diffraction segment includes at least two sampling segments of equal length that are not completely overlapping and are distributed along the length direction of the first anti-diffraction segment. At least one outer edge of each sampling segment includes portions of the plurality of concave and convex structures. The outer edges of the at least two sampling segments have different contours.
12. The glass assembly according to claim 11, characterized in that, The length of each sampling segment is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm.
13. The glass assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first anti-diffraction segment includes a first edge and a second edge that are opposite to each other along the width direction of the first anti-diffraction segment; Both the first and second edges have multiple continuous concave and convex structures; The shape of the first edge profile and the shape of the second edge profile are not complementary in the width direction of the first anti-diffraction segment.
14. The glass assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first anti-diffraction segment includes a first edge and a second edge that are opposite to each other along the width direction of the first anti-diffraction segment; The outlines of the first edge and the second edge are different; Alternatively, the contour lines of the first edge and the second edge are symmetrical.
15. The glass assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The shapes of the plurality of concave and convex structures include at least one of arc shape, sawtooth shape, and other curves other than arc shape and sawtooth shape.
16. The glass assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The shapes of the multiple concave and convex structures are all sawtooth-like. The values of the geometric parameters of the plurality of concave and convex structures are random. The plurality of concave and convex structures include at least one of the following parameters: apex angle, serration height, angle between the edge of the serration and the length direction of the first anti-diffraction section, or position of the serration in the length direction of the first anti-diffraction section.
17. The glass assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The shapes of the multiple concave and convex structures are all partial arcs of an ellipse; The values of the geometric parameters of the plurality of concave and convex structures have statistical randomness; The plurality of concave and convex structures include at least one of the following parameters: the length of the major axis of the ellipse, the length of the minor axis of the ellipse, the position of the ellipse in the length direction of the first anti-diffraction segment, and the position of the ellipse in the width direction of the first anti-diffraction segment.
18. The glass assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The heating wire is made of silver paste; Alternatively, the heating wire may be an enameled wire.
19. A terminal, characterized in that, The terminal includes the glass assembly and photosensor as described in any one of claims 1-18.
20. The terminal according to claim 19, characterized in that, The terminal is a vehicle, and the glass panel in the glass assembly is the windshield panel.