A battery pressure relief assembly and battery

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of battery pressure relief components, the battery pressure relief components include pressure relief piece, pressure relief piece is equipped with to connect the pressure relief hole channel of battery inside and outside;Along the pressure relief direction, porous liquid collector and gas selective permeation membrane are sequentially arranged in pressure relief hole channel;Gas selective permeation membrane blocks pressure relief hole channel, and porous liquid collector is interference connected in pressure relief hole channel;Wherein, gas selective permeation membrane is while avoiding electrolyte overflow when guaranteeing gas discharge, effectively solve the problem that the interface contact of battery is destroyed and electrolyte concentration changes due to the gas production of battery.And porous liquid collector is limited to the structure of gas selective permeation membrane on one hand, avoid gas selective permeation membrane to fall into battery shell, on the other hand, porous liquid collector uses its porous structure to preliminary collection to pre-overflowed electrolyte, reduce the possibility of electrolyte overflow.In addition, the utility model also provides battery including the battery pressure relief component.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of battery pressure relief structures, and in particular to a battery pressure relief component and a battery. Background Technology

[0002] Aqueous batteries, due to their use of an aqueous electrolyte system, exhibit significant advantages in energy density, safety, and cost control, making them an important research direction in energy storage and portable devices. However, to meet battery performance requirements, their electrolytes typically need to maintain an acidic or alkaline environment. Conventional metal battery casings are easily corroded.

[0003] Furthermore, during charge-discharge cycles, aqueous batteries inevitably undergo hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) or oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to the influence of electrolyte pH and electrode reaction characteristics. These side reactions continuously produce large amounts of hydrogen or oxygen. The accumulation of these gases inside the battery not only disrupts the interfacial contact between the electrodes and the electrolyte, leading to increased internal resistance and capacity decay, but also alters the electrolyte concentration distribution, disrupting the internal chemical balance and further exacerbating battery performance degradation. More importantly, the accumulated gas causes a continuous increase in internal battery pressure. If this pressure cannot be released in time, it may cause the battery casing to bulge or even rupture, posing a serious safety risk.

[0004] To address the aforementioned gas accumulation problem, existing metal battery casings and matching caps have significant design flaws: conventional metal battery casings themselves do not have pressure relief functions, and their matching caps are mostly designed to be fully sealed, only used to prevent external impurities from entering, and cannot effectively release internal gas; even if attempts are made to achieve pressure relief through structural improvements, new technical challenges arise—since the electrolyte in aqueous batteries is a liquid solution, opening a pressure relief channel can easily cause the internal electrolyte to overflow along with the gas, resulting in electrolyte loss and potentially causing short circuits in external circuits or environmental corrosion.

[0005] Therefore, how to effectively expel gas from the interior of an aqueous battery while preventing electrolyte overflow has become a core technical bottleneck that urgently needs to be addressed in the current design of aqueous battery structures. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a battery pressure relief component and a battery. This battery pressure relief component can effectively prevent electrolyte overflow and achieve a good pressure relief effect.

[0007] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] A battery pressure relief assembly includes a pressure relief component, the pressure relief component having a pressure relief channel for connecting the inside and outside of the battery, and a porous liquid collecting component and a gas selective permeable membrane are sequentially arranged in the pressure relief channel along the pressure relief direction.

[0009] The gas selectively permeable membrane seals the pressure relief channel, and the porous liquid collection element is interference-fitted to the pressure relief channel.

[0010] Preferably, the pressure relief channel is provided with an abutment platform inside, and the gas selective permeable membrane is sandwiched between the abutment platform and the porous liquid collecting device.

[0011] Preferably, the pressure relief component includes a connecting part and a pressure relief platform connected together, and the pressure relief channel includes a first pressure relief section passing through the connecting part and a second pressure relief section formed in the pressure relief platform. The first pressure relief section and the second pressure relief section are arranged sequentially along the pressure relief direction and are connected to each other.

[0012] Preferably, the pressure relief platform has at least one first exhaust port.

[0013] Preferably, the first exhaust port is located on the side wall of the pressure relief platform.

[0014] Preferably, the pressure relief platform has an opening on the end face of the pressure relief end, the opening is connected to the first exhaust port, and an elastic element is sleeved at the opening. When pressure is released, the gas is discharged from the gap between the elastic element and the pressure relief platform.

[0015] Preferably, the pressure relief component further includes a pressure relief body, a receiving cavity is formed inside the pressure relief body, the pressure relief platform is formed by protruding from the bottom of the receiving cavity, and a second exhaust port communicating with the receiving cavity is provided at the pressure relief end of the pressure relief body.

[0016] Preferably, a pressure relief cap is connected and covered at the second exhaust port, and the pressure relief cap has a pressure relief notch.

[0017] Preferably, the outer surface of the connecting part is provided with threads.

[0018] Secondly, the present invention also provides a battery, including a battery housing and a battery top cover connected to one end of the battery housing, wherein any of the above-mentioned battery pressure relief components are connected to the battery top cover, and the battery pressure relief components communicate with the interior and exterior of the battery housing.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0020] This invention provides a battery pressure relief assembly that achieves both pressure relief and electrolyte overflow prevention by sequentially arranging a porous liquid collector and a gas-selective permeable membrane along the pressure relief direction within the pressure relief channel. It is suitable for aqueous batteries and helps improve their lifespan. The gas-selective permeable membrane ensures gas discharge while preventing electrolyte overflow, effectively solving the problems of interface contact disruption and electrolyte concentration changes caused by gas generation. The porous liquid collector serves two purposes: firstly, it limits the structure of the gas-selective permeable membrane, preventing it from falling into the battery casing; secondly, its porous structure allows for preliminary collection of any pre-overflowing electrolyte, reducing the possibility of further overflow. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery pressure relief assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pressure relief component, elastic component, and pressure relief top cover according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a view of the pressure relief top cover after the battery pressure relief assembly is assembled according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Cross-sectional view formed along section line AA;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery top cover according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery casing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure label:

[0029] 100. Pressure relief component; 110. Pressure relief channel; 111. Abutment platform; 112. First pressure relief section; 113. Second pressure relief section; 120. Connecting part; 130. Pressure relief platform; 131. First exhaust port; 132. Opening; 140. Pressure relief body; 141. Receiving cavity; 142. Second exhaust port; 143. Limiting platform;

[0030] 200. Porous liquid collecting device;

[0031] 300. Gas selective permeation membrane;

[0032] 400. Elastic components;

[0033] 500. Pressure relief cover; 510. Pressure relief notch;

[0034] 600. Battery top cover; 610. Mounting hole; 620. Mounting part;

[0035] 700. Battery casing; 710. Mounting port. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To facilitate understanding of this utility model, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of this utility model. However, this utility model can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of this utility model.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0038] In one implementation method, please refer to Figure 1 ,

[0039] A battery pressure relief assembly includes a pressure relief component. The pressure relief component has a pressure relief channel connecting the inside and outside of the battery, and the channel extends through the pressure relief component. Along the pressure relief direction, a porous liquid collector and a gas-selective permeable membrane are sequentially arranged within the pressure relief channel. The gas-selective permeable membrane seals the pressure relief channel, and the porous liquid collector is interference-fitted into the channel. The pressure relief direction is from the inside of the battery casing to the outside. Therefore, during pressure relief, gas passes sequentially through the porous liquid collector and the gas-selective permeable membrane.

[0040] Gas-selective permeable membranes (PSMs) selectively allow gas to pass through while preventing liquid from passing through, thus achieving pressure relief. Along with pressure relief, the electrolyte also tends to overflow and move in the direction of pressure relief. The electrolyte, upon entering the pressure relief component, first contacts the porous liquid collector. Due to its porous nature, the liquid collector can collect the electrolyte, preventing further overflow and reducing the amount of electrolyte in direct contact with the PSM. This helps protect the PSM and extends the lifespan of the battery pressure relief assembly.

[0041] The following is a detailed implementation plan.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] Please see Figures 1 to 4 This embodiment provides a battery pressure relief assembly. The pressure relief component 100 is provided with a pressure relief channel 110 for connecting the inside and outside of the battery, and the pressure relief channel 110 penetrates the pressure relief component 100. Along the pressure relief direction, a porous liquid collector 200 and a gas selective permeable membrane 300 are sequentially arranged in the pressure relief channel 110. The pressure relief direction is from the inside of the battery casing 700 to the outside of the battery casing 700. During pressure relief, the gas passes through the porous liquid collector 200 and the gas selective permeable membrane 300 in sequence and is then discharged, completing the pressure relief. The electrolyte that overflows along with the gas is collected by the porous liquid collector 200. The porous liquid collector 200 acts as a buffer, preventing a large amount of electrolyte from directly contacting the gas selective permeable membrane 300. It is the first barrier for electrolyte overflow and also protects the gas selective permeable membrane 300.

[0044] It should be further noted that, preferably, the gas selective permeable membrane 300 is a waterproof and breathable membrane made primarily of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). In this embodiment, the gas selective permeable membrane 300 is obtained by rolling a mixture of acetylene black, barium carbonate, and PTFE emulsion, soaking in citric acid overnight, drying, and then drying in a muffle furnace.

[0045] The porous liquid collecting device 200 is preferably made of a porous hard plastic made of at least one of polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and Teflon. Its pore size allows gas to pass through freely to achieve a breathable function, and its pore structure can collect or contain the target liquid.

[0046] Specifically, the pressure relief component 100 includes a connecting portion 120 and a pressure relief body 140. The pressure relief body 140 is cylindrical, with a hollowed-out cavity 141 forming a receiving cavity. A pressure relief platform 130 is formed by a protrusion at the bottom of the receiving cavity 141. The pressure relief platform 130 is hollowly connected to the connecting portion 120 to form a pressure relief channel 110. The portion penetrating the connecting portion 120 is the first pressure relief section 112 of the pressure relief channel 110, and the portion penetrating the pressure relief platform 130 is the second pressure relief section 113. The first pressure relief section 112 and the second pressure relief section 113 are arranged sequentially along the pressure relief direction and are connected.

[0047] Please refer to Figure 4 The pressure relief channel 110 has an abutment platform 111 inside. During assembly, the gas selective permeable membrane 300 is sandwiched between the abutment platform 111 and the porous liquid collector 200. The gas selective permeable membrane 300 is limited by the abutment platform 111 and the porous liquid collector 200, covering the internal cross-section of the pressure relief channel 110 to ensure that the gas selective permeable membrane 300 filters substances entering the pressure relief component 100. At the same time, the porous liquid collector 200 helps to prevent the gas selective permeable membrane 300 from falling into the battery casing 700, thus providing protection. In this embodiment, the abutment platform 111 is an annular structure located on the inner side wall of the pressure relief channel 110, providing a connecting plane for the gas selective permeable membrane 300. There may be a gap between the abutment platform 111 and the side wall of the pressure relief channel 110 for injecting adhesive to bond the gas selective permeable membrane 300 or for interlocking the gas selective permeable membrane 300, etc., which is not the only limitation here.

[0048] Furthermore, the gas passing through the gas-selective permeation membrane 300 is discharged from the pressure relief platform 130. The pressure relief platform 130 has at least one first exhaust port 131; in this embodiment, the pressure relief platform 130 has four first exhaust ports 131. Preferably, the four first exhaust ports 131 are located on the side wall of the pressure relief platform 130, making the gas discharge path non-linear and dispersing the gas, allowing the exhaust pressure to have a smoother release path in the pressure relief component 100. This serves as a buffer, and even if the electrolyte overflows through the gas-selective permeation membrane 300, the substance ultimately discharged from the first exhaust ports 131 is mainly gas, effectively reducing the total amount of electrolyte leaking out through the pressure relief platform 130.

[0049] Furthermore, the pressure relief platform 130 has an opening 132 formed on its end face at the pressure relief end. The opening 132 communicates with the first exhaust port 131, and an elastic element 400 is fitted at the opening 132. During pressure relief, gas is discharged from the gap between the elastic element 400 and the side wall of the pressure relief channel 110. Specifically, in this embodiment, the elastic element 400 is made of elastic rubber material, and its structure is approximately a cylindrical structure with one end open 132. Therefore, the elastic element 400 can be fitted onto the pressure relief platform 130 from the end face where the opening 132 is located. In this embodiment, the elastic element 400 covers the first exhaust port 131 and the opening 132, and there is a gap between the elastic element 400 and the pressure relief platform 130, that is, between the elastic element 400 and the pressure relief channel 110. After the gas is discharged from the first exhaust port 131, it continues to change its path and is discharged from the gap. It should be noted that, because the elastic element 400 has an elastic function, after being fitted onto the pressure relief platform 130, it can undergo elastic deformation with the changes in gas during pressure relief, which is beneficial to achieving a stable pressure relief effect and ensuring that the battery pressure relief assembly is in a low-pressure relief state. On the other hand, the elastic element 400 fitted onto the pressure relief platform 130 also helps to prevent external dust from entering through the opening 132 or the first exhaust port 131, reducing the possibility of blockage of the first exhaust port 131 or the opening 132.

[0050] Furthermore, the gas discharged from the gap between the elastic element 400 and the pressure relief platform 130 enters the receiving cavity 141 of the pressure relief body 140. A second exhaust port 142 communicating with the receiving cavity 141 is provided at the pressure relief end of the pressure relief body 140, and the gas is discharged to the battery pressure relief assembly after passing through the second exhaust port 142. It should be noted that the receiving cavity 141 is designed to further prevent electrolyte leakage. If the electrolyte overcomes the obstruction of the prior structure and overflows from the elastic element 400, the electrolyte will be collected in the receiving cavity 141 instead of being directly discharged outside the battery pressure relief assembly, thereby effectively reducing the corrosive effect of electrolyte overflow on the exterior of the battery casing 700.

[0051] It should be further noted that a pressure relief cap 500 is also connected to the second exhaust port 142. The pressure relief cap 500 has a pressure relief notch 510, from which the gas is finally discharged. Specifically, the pressure relief body 140 has a limiting platform protruding from the inner wall of the pressure relief end. In this embodiment, the limiting platform is arranged around the inner wall of the pressure relief body 140, and the pressure relief cap 500 is fixedly connected to the limiting platform, covering the accommodating cavity 141 and the second exhaust port 142. The gas passes through the accommodating cavity 141 and the second exhaust port 142 in sequence and finally overflows from the pressure relief notch 510. The pressure relief cap 500 partially blocks the overflow of electrolyte, reducing the possibility of electrolyte overflow, while ensuring the smooth discharge of gas.

[0052] It should be further noted that the connecting part 120 is used to connect the battery pressure relief assembly to the battery housing 700 or the battery top cover 600. In this embodiment, the connecting part 120 is a cylindrical structure with a cross-sectional diameter smaller than that of the pressure relief body 140, and its center is hollowed out to form a first pressure relief section 112. The outer surface of the connecting part 120 is provided with threads for locking it to the battery housing 700 or the battery top cover 600.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] This embodiment provides a battery based on Embodiment 1. The battery includes a battery casing 700 and a battery top cover 600 connected to one end of the battery casing 700. One end of the battery casing 700 is a mounting port 710, and the battery top cover 600 is mounted at the mounting port 710. Two terminals are connected to the battery top cover 600, and a mounting hole 610 is also provided between the two terminals. A battery pressure relief assembly is mounted at the mounting hole to connect the inside and outside of the battery casing 700. For details on the structure of the battery pressure relief assembly, please refer to Embodiment 1.

[0055] Specifically, the battery top cover 600 has a protruding mounting portion 620 on the side near the battery housing 700. The mounting portion 620 communicates with the mounting hole 610 and is adapted to the connecting portion 120 of the pressure relief component 100. The connecting portion 120 of the pressure relief component 100 passes through the mounting hole 610 and is locked to the inside of the mounting portion 620.

[0056] The battery top cover 600 also has a recessed structure on the side closest to the external environment that matches the pressure relief body 140. After the pressure relief component 100 is installed on the battery top cover 600, it is located in the recessed structure, and the pressure relief component 100 and the battery top cover 600 are structurally tightly connected. Furthermore, a sealing ring or other structure can be provided between the battery top cover 600 and the pressure relief body 140 to increase the sealing effect.

[0057] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of this utility model, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery pressure relief assembly, characterized in that, Includes a pressure relief component (100), which has a pressure relief channel (110) for connecting the inside and outside of the battery; along the pressure relief direction, a porous liquid collecting component (200) and a gas selective permeable membrane (300) are sequentially arranged in the pressure relief channel (110); The gas selective permeable membrane (300) blocks the pressure relief channel (110), and the porous liquid collecting device (200) is interference-fitted to the pressure relief channel (110).

2. The battery pressure relief assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure relief channel (110) is provided with an abutment platform (111) inside, and the gas selective permeable membrane (300) is sandwiched between the abutment platform (111) and the porous liquid collection device (200).

3. The battery pressure relief assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure relief component (100) includes a connecting part (120) and a pressure relief platform (130) connected together. The pressure relief channel (110) includes a first pressure relief section (112) passing through the connecting part (120) and a second pressure relief section (113) formed on the pressure relief platform (130). The first pressure relief section (112) and the second pressure relief section (113) are arranged sequentially along the pressure relief direction and are connected to each other.

4. The battery pressure relief assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pressure relief platform (130) is provided with at least one first exhaust port (131).

5. The battery pressure relief assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first exhaust port (131) is located on the side wall of the pressure relief platform (130).

6. The battery pressure relief assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pressure relief platform (130) has an opening (132) on the end face of the pressure relief end. The opening (132) is connected to the first exhaust port (131), and an elastic element (400) is sleeved at the opening (132). When the pressure is released, the gas is discharged from the gap between the elastic element (400) and the pressure relief platform (130).

7. The battery pressure relief assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pressure relief component (100) further includes a pressure relief body (140), a receiving cavity (141) is formed inside the pressure relief body (140), the pressure relief platform (130) protrudes from the bottom of the receiving cavity (141), and a second exhaust port (142) communicating with the receiving cavity (141) is provided at the pressure relief end of the pressure relief body (140).

8. The battery pressure relief assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second exhaust port (142) is connected to a pressure relief cap (500), which is provided with a pressure relief notch (510).

9. The battery pressure relief assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer surface of the connecting part (120) is provided with threads.

10. A battery, characterized in that, The battery includes a battery housing (700) and a battery top cover (600) connected to one end of the battery housing (700). The battery top cover (600) is connected to a battery pressure relief assembly according to any one of claims 1-9, and the battery pressure relief assembly communicates the interior and exterior of the battery housing (700).

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