A swing head oil circuit adapter system

Abstract

This utility model discloses a hydraulic circuit conversion system for a swing head, including a dividing plate spindle, a bearing body, and a converter. The bearing body has several first oil passages distributed along its circumference. The inner surface of the bearing body has several annular conversion grooves corresponding to the oil outlets of the first oil passages, one-to-one with the positions of the dividing plate spindle. The dividing plate spindle has several second oil passages, with the oil inlet of each second oil passage corresponding to and connected to the annular conversion grooves. The converter body has several conversion oil passages, with the oil inlet of each conversion oil passage corresponding to and connected to the oil outlet of each second oil passage. The swing head bearing body has several main shaft oil passages, with the oil inlet of each main shaft oil passage corresponding to and connected to the oil outlet of each conversion oil passage. This utility model fundamentally solves the problem of easy wear and breakage of oil pipes, significantly extending the service life of the hydraulic system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, specifically to a swing head oil circuit conversion system. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of modern CNC machine tools, the four-axis swivel head is a core functional component for machining complex curved surfaces. Through the linkage of the A-axis and C-axis, it enables the tool fixed to its spindle to deflect and position at any angle in space, thus achieving complex workpiece machining. In the structural design of the four-axis swivel head, a considerable number of hydraulic oil pipes or coolant pipes are needed to connect the machine tool body to the high-speed rotating spindle in order to drive the spindle rotation, provide tool cooling, and power the built-in hydraulic fixtures. Currently, the mainstream solution is to adopt a design where the oil lines are centrally routed through the indexing plate spindle. This involves passing these pipes from inside the swivel head housing through the hollow C-axis indexing plate spindle, then connecting to the rotary connector inside the A-axis housing, and finally connecting to the spindle.

[0003] When the oscillating head performs combined A-axis and C-axis motion, the oil pipes running through the spindle twist with the spindle's rotation. This continuous and uncontrollable relative motion causes repeated friction, scraping, or squeezing between the oil pipes and the inner wall of the spindle, as well as between multiple oil pipes themselves. Under these harsh conditions for a long time, the outer wall of the oil pipes will gradually wear down and thin due to friction, eventually leading to rupture. Once the oil pipe ruptures, high-pressure hydraulic oil will leak, not only polluting the processing environment but also causing serious malfunctions, leading to machine tool downtime, and even costly workpiece scrapping or tool damage. Subsequent maintenance is difficult and costly.

[0004] In view of this, this case conducts an in-depth study on the above-mentioned problems and proposes a swing head oil circuit conversion system to overcome the aforementioned technical problems, thus this case arises. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a swing head oil circuit conversion system, which adopts an innovative oil circuit conversion design to fundamentally solve the problems of easy wear and breakage of the oil pipe.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the solution of this utility model is:

[0007] A swing head oil circuit adapter system includes an indexing plate spindle, a bearing body movably sleeved with the indexing plate spindle, and an adapter body connecting the indexing plate spindle and the swing head bearing body. The bearing body has a plurality of first oil passages distributed along its circumference, each first oil passage having an inlet for connecting to an external oil supply device. The inner surface of the bearing body has a plurality of annular adapter grooves corresponding to the oil outlets of the plurality of first oil passages at positions corresponding to the indexing plate spindle. The indexing plate spindle... The device has several second oil passages inside, with the oil inlet of each second oil passage corresponding to and connected to the several annular transition grooves; the transition body has several transition oil passages, with the oil inlet of each transition oil passage corresponding to and connected to the oil outlet of each second oil passage; the swing head seat body has several main shaft oil passages, with the oil inlet of each main shaft oil passage corresponding to and connected to the oil outlet of each transition oil passage, and the oil outlet of each main shaft oil passage is used to supply oil to the main shaft assembly.

[0008] The first oil passage, the second oil passage, and the main shaft oil passage are direct oil passages with the same inner diameter value, and the inner diameter value of the connecting oil passage is greater than that of the direct oil passage.

[0009] The ratio of the inner diameter of the transfer oil circuit to the inner diameter of the direct oil circuit is in the range of 4:3-5:3.

[0010] The width of the annular transition groove is greater than the inner diameter of the oil inlet of the second oil circuit, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the oil inlet of the second oil circuit is twice the area of ​​the cross-sectional area of ​​the annular transition groove.

[0011] The transfer oil circuit includes a first oil circuit section, a second oil circuit section, and a third oil circuit section. The first oil circuit section and the third oil circuit section are located at different radial positions of the transfer body and are arranged parallel to each other. The second oil circuit is connected between the first oil circuit section and the third oil circuit section.

[0012] The corresponding oil outlets of the several first oil passages are spirally distributed on the inner surface of the bearing housing; the corresponding oil inlets of the several second oil passages are spirally distributed on the indexing plate spindle.

[0013] Each pair of adjacent annular transition slots is provided with a groove, and stacked sealing rings and guide rings are provided in the groove.

[0014] The connection interface between the indexing plate spindle and the adapter, and the connection interface between the adapter and the swing head seat, are sealed by O-rings or gaskets.

[0015] By adopting the above solution, this utility model provides a swing head hydraulic circuit conversion system. It uses an innovative fixed hydraulic circuit (first hydraulic circuit, second hydraulic circuit, and conversion hydraulic circuit) to replace the traditional flexible hydraulic pipes that run through the main shaft. Hydraulic fluid transmission is achieved through an annular conversion groove established between the shaft seat and the indexing plate main shaft. Subsequently, an adapter connects the hydraulic circuit between the indexing plate main shaft and the swing head seat. This completely eliminates the repeated friction, compression, and torsional deformation between hydraulic pipes and their walls, and between hydraulic pipes themselves, which are inevitable in traditional designs due to the combined motion of the shafts. This fundamentally solves the problems of easy wear and rupture of hydraulic pipes, significantly extends the service life of the hydraulic system, and avoids problems such as oil leakage, downtime, or production accidents caused by hydraulic pipe rupture. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of the swing head oil circuit conversion system of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A sectional view;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the core part of the oil circuit transfer system of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Medium local magnification Figure 1 ;

[0020] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 Medium local magnification Figure 2 ;

[0021] Figure 6 yes Figure 3 Medium local magnification Figure 3 ;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the bearing housing of this utility model.

[0023] Label Explanation

[0024] Shaft seat 1, annular transition groove 10, first oil passage 11, oil inlet 111, oil outlet 112; indexing plate spindle 2, oil inlet 211, oil outlet 212; transition body 3, transition oil passage 31, oil inlet 311, oil outlet 312, first oil passage section 313, second oil passage section 314, third oil passage section 315; swing head seat 4, spindle assembly 5, sealing ring 6, guide ring 7. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following detailed explanation of the specific implementation method will be provided.

[0026] This case involves a swing head hydraulic circuit conversion system, such as Figure 1-7 As shown, it includes a bearing body 1, an indexing plate spindle 2, and a connector 3; the indexing plate spindle 2 is movably sleeved with the bearing body 1, and the connector 3 is connected between the indexing plate spindle 2 and the swing head seat 4. Specifically, the indexing plate spindle 2 and the connector 3 are rigidly connected by bolts, and the connector 3 and the swing head seat 4 are rigidly connected by bolts.

[0027] The bearing seat 1 has several first oil passages 11 distributed along its circumference. The oil inlet 111 of each first oil passage 11 is used to connect to an external oil supply device. The inner surface of the bearing seat 1 is provided with several annular transition grooves 10 corresponding to the position of the indexing plate spindle 2. These annular transition grooves 10 correspond one-to-one with the oil outlets 112 of the several first oil passages 11 and are connected to each other.

[0028] The indexing plate spindle 2 has several second oil passages 21 inside, and the oil inlet 211 of each second oil passage 21 corresponds to and is connected to the several annular transition grooves 10. The adapter body 3 has several transition oil passages 31 inside, and the oil inlet 311 of each transition oil passage 31 corresponds to and is connected to the oil outlet 212 of the several second oil passages 21.

[0029] The swing head base 4 is provided with several main spindle oil passages (not shown in the figure). The oil inlet of each main spindle oil passage corresponds to and is connected to the oil outlet 312 of the several connecting oil passages 31. The oil outlet of each main spindle oil passage is used to supply oil to the main spindle assembly 5 (end spindle actuator).

[0030] This utility model's oil circuit transfer system features an innovative static-dynamic-static multi-stage transfer structure. The oil circuit transmission path is as follows: external oil source → first oil circuit 11 of the static shaft seat 1 → annular transfer groove 10 (dynamic sealing interface) → second oil circuit 21 of the rotating indexing disc spindle 2 → static sealing interface → transfer body oil circuit 31 → static sealing interface → spindle oil circuit of the swing head seat 4 → spindle assembly 5.

[0031] The first oil passage 11, the second oil passage 21, and the connecting oil passage 31 each have several drilled ports formed during the oil passage forming process. During assembly, the drilled ports are equipped with plugs to achieve port sealing.

[0032] This utility model's swing head oil circuit conversion system uses an innovative, rigid, machined internal fixed oil circuit (first oil circuit 11, second oil circuit 21, and conversion oil circuit 31) to replace the traditional flexible oil pipes running through the main shaft. Oil transmission is completed through an annular conversion groove 10 established between the shaft seat 1 and the indexing plate main shaft 2, converting the dynamic friction of the long oil pipes most prone to wear into localized planar dynamic sealing. All subsequent oil circuit connections (the connection between the second oil circuit 21 and the conversion oil circuit 31, and the connection between the conversion oil circuit 31 and the main shaft oil circuit) are rigid static seals. This completely eliminates the repeated friction, compression, and torsional deformation between oil pipes and pipe walls, and between oil pipes themselves, which are inevitable due to the composite motion of the shaft in traditional designs, thus fundamentally solving the problems of oil pipe wear and rupture.

[0033] Compared to traditional methods, the internal fixed oil circuits of the rigid machining process can be arranged more compactly, saving valuable space that would otherwise be occupied by flexible oil pipe bundles. This makes it possible to optimize the internal structure of the spindle, increase the diameter of the spindle through-hole, or arrange more functional oil circuits, thereby improving the overall performance and functional expandability of the swing head. In a specific embodiment, a total of 12 sets of oil circuits are designed in a one-to-one correspondence, and the design can be easily increased or decreased according to actual needs.

[0034] The rigid internal fixed oil passage has more stable flow characteristics, avoiding internal volume changes, pressure fluctuations or flow resistance instability that may occur when the flexible tube is bent or twisted. It can provide more continuous, stable and reliable hydraulic power to the hydraulic actuator at the end of the spindle, which helps to ensure machining accuracy, especially during long-term continuous machining.

[0035] Preferred solutions, such as Figure 5 As shown, the first oil passage 11, the second oil passage 21 and the main shaft oil passage are direct oil passages with the same inner diameter value, and the inner diameter value D2 of the adapter oil passage 31 is greater than the inner diameter value D1 of the direct oil passage.

[0036] From the perspective of flow rate and velocity, when the oil flows from the small-diameter second oil passage 21 into the large-diameter adapter 31, the flow velocity decreases and the turbulence weakens, making the oil flow at the outlet more stable. This reduces potential splashing or disturbance when the oil is ejected from the outlet 212 of the second oil passage 21, ensuring a stable outlet flow rate. The adapter 31 is located at the end of the system. This design makes it difficult for various disturbances and flow resistance fluctuations in the upstream pipeline to affect the final output, ensuring a continuous and stable flow supply to the end-spindle actuator, guaranteeing consistent operating speed, and thus improving the positioning accuracy and reliability of the machining process.

[0037] From a pressure perspective, the adapter 31 transforms pressure fluctuations from the forward pipeline into more stable static pressure by reducing the flow rate. The pressure at the outlet is more stable, which provides a stable hydraulic source for the spindle oil circuit and spindle actuator at the end, avoiding the negative impact of unstable pressure on machining accuracy.

[0038] The adapter 3 serves as a crucial interface connecting the indexing plate spindle 2 and the swing head seat 4. Its internal oil passage 31 inevitably has some bends or turns, which can easily cause a total pressure loss when the oil flows through this complex local channel. By increasing the inner diameter of the oil passage 31, the total pressure loss of the hydraulic oil passing through the entire adapter system can be significantly reduced. This ensures that the oil reaching the actuator at the end of the spindle has sufficient working pressure, thus improving the system's hydraulic efficiency.

[0039] Furthermore, the ratio of the inner diameter D2 of the transition oil circuit 31 to the inner diameter D1 of the direct oil circuit ranges from 4:3 to 5:3. This ratio range represents the optimal solution derived from fluid mechanics principles and engineering practice, achieving an optimal balance among multiple mutually constraining performance parameters, particularly optimizing pressure loss control and flow guarantee to obtain the best overall performance advantage. In a specific embodiment, the inner diameter D2 of the transition oil circuit 31 is 8 mm, and the inner diameter D1 of the direct oil circuit is 6 mm.

[0040] Preferred solutions, such as Figure 4 As shown, the width L1 of the annular transition groove 10 is greater than the inner diameter D1 of the oil inlet 211 of the second oil passage 21, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the oil inlet 211 of the second oil passage 21 is twice the area of ​​the cross-sectional area of ​​the annular transition groove 10. In a specific embodiment, the inner diameter D1 of the oil inlet 211 is 6 mm, and the cross-sectional area is 28 mm². 2 The annular transition groove 10 has a cross-sectional area of ​​14 mm². 2 .

[0041] The width L1 of the annular transition groove 10 is greater than the inner diameter D1 of the oil inlet 211, which ensures that the oil inlet 211 of the second oil circuit 21 is always completely covered by the annular transition groove 10 when the indexing plate spindle 2 rotates, ensuring that it will not be blocked or throttled by the solid wall between the annular transition grooves 10, thus realizing all-time and all-area oil supply.

[0042] The oil inlet 211 is designed with an area twice the cross-sectional area of ​​the annular transition groove 10. Oil is injected into the annular transition groove 10 from the outlet 112 of the first oil passage 11, where it flows rapidly in a circular pattern. This eliminates any local pressure differences and ensures that the pressure at all points within the groove is instantaneously consistent. The annular transition groove 10 forms a low-velocity transition zone. During the process of oil diverting from the stationary annular transition groove 10 to the inlet 211 of the rotating second oil passage 21, the total fluid pressure at the inlet 211 remains highly consistent with the pressure within the annular transition groove 10. This fundamentally eliminates pressure drops and fluctuations caused by the flow at this point, ensuring lossless pressure transmission from stationary to rotating components. Therefore, the pressure transmission is unaffected by the rotation of the indexing spindle 2, providing a stable and reliable hydraulic pressure environment for the end spindle and ensuring the reliability and accuracy of machining.

[0043] like Figure 5 As shown, the transition oil circuit 31 includes a first oil circuit section 313, a second oil circuit section 314 and a third oil circuit section 315. The first oil circuit section 313 and the third oil circuit section 315 are located at different radial positions of the transition body 31 and are arranged parallel to each other. The second oil circuit 314 is connected between the first oil circuit section 313 and the third oil circuit section 315.

[0044] The parallel arrangement of the first oil passage section 313 and the third oil passage section 315 avoids the complex drilling structure inside the adapter body 3, reduces internal stress concentration, and improves structural strength. Furthermore, the oil passage design allows for the efficient integration of oil passages connecting different planes within the limited space of the adapter body 3, achieving a compact structure.

[0045] The plurality of annular transition grooves 10 are designed side by side along the axial direction of the shaft seat body 1. Adaptively, the plurality of first oil passages 11 are designed with different lengths along the axial direction, and similarly, the plurality of second oil passages 21 are designed with different lengths along the axial direction, so as to achieve one-to-one correspondence and connection with the plurality of annular transition grooves 10.

[0046] Preferably, the corresponding oil outlets 112 of the plurality of first oil passages 11 are spirally distributed on the inner surface of the bearing housing 1; thus, the hydraulic pressure acting on the bearing housing 1 is continuous and uniform circumferentially. Similarly, the corresponding oil inlets 211 of the plurality of second oil passages 21 are spirally distributed on the indexing plate spindle 2, and the hydraulic pressure acting on the indexing plate spindle 2 is continuous and uniform circumferentially. With this design, the internal stress can be uniformly dispersed along the axial direction, improving the structure's fatigue resistance and long-term reliability.

[0047] Preferably, such as Figure 4As shown, each pair of adjacent annular transition grooves 10 has a recess, within which are stacked sealing rings 6 and guide rings 7. This forms a sealed isolation zone between two adjacent annular transition grooves 10, preventing cross-contamination between different fluid paths. The guide rings 7 provide guidance and support, reduce friction and wear, and ensure accuracy during long-term operation. The sealing rings 6 and guide rings 7 provide dynamic sealing. The design of the groove width and cross-sectional area of ​​the annular transition grooves 10 optimizes dynamic sealing. The fluid velocity decreases as it passes through the sealing interface, resulting in stable static pressure acting on the sealing rings and guide rings, rather than impact-force dynamic pressure, eliminating the possibility of leakage and extending seal life.

[0048] Preferably, the connection interface between the indexing plate spindle 2 and the adapter 3, and the connection interface between the adapter 3 and the swing head seat 4, are all sealed by O-rings or gaskets to form a static sealing interface and ensure structural airtightness.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present utility model shall fall within the scope of the claims of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A swing head oil circuit conversion system, characterized in that: The assembly includes an indexing plate spindle, a bearing housing movably fitted with the indexing plate spindle, and a connector connecting the indexing plate spindle and the swing head housing. The bearing housing has several first oil passages distributed along its circumference, with the inlet of each first oil passage for connecting to an external oil supply device. The inner surface of the bearing housing has several annular transition grooves corresponding to the oil outlets of the first oil passages, corresponding one-to-one with the positions of the indexing plate spindle. The indexing plate spindle has several second oil passages inside, with the inlet of each second oil passage corresponding to and connected to the annular transition grooves. The connector has several transition oil passages inside, with the inlet of each transition oil passage corresponding to and connected to the outlet of each second oil passage. The swing head housing has several spindle oil passages inside, with the inlet of each spindle oil passage corresponding to and connected to the outlet of each transition oil passage, and the outlet of each spindle oil passage is used to supply oil to the spindle assembly.

2. The swing head oil circuit conversion system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first oil passage, the second oil passage, and the main shaft oil passage are direct oil passages with the same inner diameter value, and the inner diameter value of the connecting oil passage is greater than that of the direct oil passage.

3. The swing head oil circuit conversion system as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The ratio of the inner diameter of the transfer oil circuit to the inner diameter of the direct oil circuit is in the range of 4:3-5:

3.

4. The swing head oil circuit conversion system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the annular transition groove is greater than the inner diameter of the oil inlet of the second oil circuit, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the oil inlet of the second oil circuit is twice the area of ​​the cross-sectional area of ​​the annular transition groove.

5. The swing head oil circuit conversion system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The transfer oil circuit includes a first oil circuit section, a second oil circuit section, and a third oil circuit section. The first oil circuit section and the third oil circuit section are located at different radial positions of the transfer body and are arranged parallel to each other. The second oil circuit is connected between the first oil circuit section and the third oil circuit section.

6. The swing head oil circuit conversion system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The corresponding oil outlets of the several first oil passages are spirally distributed on the inner surface of the bearing housing; the corresponding oil inlets of the several second oil passages are spirally distributed on the indexing plate spindle.

7. The swing head oil circuit conversion system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Each pair of adjacent annular transition slots is provided with a groove, and stacked sealing rings and guide rings are provided in the groove.

8. The swing head oil circuit conversion system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The connection interface between the indexing plate spindle and the adapter, and the connection interface between the adapter and the swing head seat, are sealed by O-rings or gaskets.

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