A fire situation drainage system emergency breathing apparatus

Abstract

The utility model relates to building water supply and drainage engineering technical field especially under the fire condition's drainage system emergency breathing device, include: breathing hose, one end is connected to the venting interface of building drainage pipeline, just be equipped with quick -witted interface on breathing hose, venting interface is located above the highest liquid level of drainage pipeline water seal, to can connect atmosphere, mask box, set up in the lateral of breathing hose, breathing filter mask, set up in the mask box, breathing filter mask is detachably connected in quick -witted interface, breathing hose is received and forms hose water seal under normal circumstances, to isolate the gas in drainage pipeline. Therefore, can effectively combine with building drainage system, provide the emergency breathing device of outdoor fresh air for personnel under the emergency, improve the emergency success rate and survival possibility when the fire.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire protection and disaster prevention facilities technology, specifically providing an emergency breathing device for a drainage system in the event of a fire. Background Technology

[0002] In building fires, the combustion process produces large amounts of toxic and harmful gases, including but not limited to hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Related statistics and research indicate that the main cause of injury and death in fires is not direct burns, but rather asphyxiation or poisoning due to inhalation of these toxic fumes. Therefore, the availability of fresh air becomes a crucial factor in determining survival during a fire.

[0003] Currently, common emergency escape methods include escaping through windows or balconies. However, in high-rise buildings, such actions can easily lead to falls and secondary injuries. On the other hand, conventional ventilation systems inside buildings often fail during fires due to smoke spread or power outages, making it difficult to provide breathable air.

[0004] Building drainage systems typically consist of drainage risers and venting risers, and their structure ensures that air circulation space always exists within the pipes. Because sewage flows along the walls of the risers, an air passage is formed in the central area, allowing it to communicate with the atmosphere. Furthermore, while the water seal devices installed in the drainage pipes (with a water seal depth generally not less than 50 mm) effectively prevent waste gas from entering the room under normal circumstances, in a fire, the air inside the drainage pipes, being open to the outside, may actually become a relatively clean air source. However, the water seal structures in existing buildings are not designed for emergency breathing purposes, making it difficult for people to safely and effectively utilize this air source during a fire.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to address the shortcomings of the existing technology by providing an emergency breathing device that can be effectively integrated with the building drainage system to provide fresh outdoor air to people in emergency situations, thereby improving the success rate of emergency response and the possibility of survival during a fire. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an emergency breathing device for a drainage system in case of fire, which can be effectively integrated with the building drainage system to provide people with fresh outdoor air in emergency situations, thereby improving the success rate of emergency response and the possibility of survival in case of fire.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: An emergency breathing apparatus for a drainage system in case of fire, comprising: A breathing hose, one end of which is connected to a ventilation port on a building drainage pipe, and the breathing hose is equipped with a quick-connect port; the ventilation port is located above the highest liquid level after the water seal in the drainage pipe, so as to allow communication with the atmosphere; A mask box is located beside the breathing hose; A breathing filter mask is disposed in the mask box, and the breathing filter mask is detachably connected to the quick interface; The breathing hose is normally retracted and forms a hose water seal to isolate the gas in the drainage pipe. The quick-connect interface is normally sealed to prevent the water seal of the breathing hose from evaporating under normal conditions.

[0008] Alternatively, the vent is located at the rear of the water seal of the drain pipe of the washbasin or bathtub.

[0009] Alternatively, the breathing hose may be made of a corrosion-resistant flexible material.

[0010] Alternatively, the corrosion-resistant flexible material may be silicone.

[0011] Alternatively, the breathing hose is wound in a normal state to form a hose water seal and stored on a dedicated support.

[0012] Alternatively, the breathing filter mask may be provided with activated carbon or a high-efficiency filter layer for adsorbing harmful gases and particulate matter.

[0013] Alternatively, the quick-connect interface of the breathing hose may be sealed with a sealing cap.

[0014] Alternatively, the breathing filter mask is connected to the breathing hose via a threaded connection structure.

[0015] Alternatively, in the event of a fire, the emergency breathing device for the drainage system may be installed on the domestic sewage pipeline.

[0016] Alternatively, the breathing hose is configured to discharge water seal liquid to a drain pipe by gravity during use.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: Through the above technical solution, the breathing hose can avoid the sewage area inside the drainage pipe, preventing the inhalation of sewage. This ensures that the interface connects to "retained air connected to the outdoor atmosphere" inside the drainage pipe (rather than fire smoke before the water seal in the drainage pipe), guaranteeing the safety of the inhaled air from the source. This ensures that the air supplied during a fire meets emergency needs, avoiding secondary harm from fire smoke. Under normal circumstances, the hose's water seal and sealing cap isolate odors from the drainage pipe, fully preserving the original "odor prevention" function of the drainage system, preventing the device from affecting indoor air quality during daily use. This retractable structure saves indoor space and does not affect the building's daily use. In an emergency, simply unfolding the hose releases the water seal; operation is simple and requires no complex switches. The quick-connect design allows for "tool-free quick connection" between the breathing filter mask and the hose, enabling trapped personnel to quickly assemble the device during a fire, saving escape preparation time.

[0018] The mask box design allows for the convenient storage of both the hose and the mask, eliminating the need for trapped individuals to search for these two key components separately during a fire, thus reducing locating time. The mask box provides dust and moisture protection (e.g., with a sealed enclosure), preventing the breathing filter mask from becoming damp or contaminated in daily life and ensuring its filtration performance remains intact during emergencies. This improves emergency response speed while ensuring the quality of mask storage and avoiding the risk of inhaling unsafe air due to mask failure. The filter mask further filters out any trace amounts of smoke and odors that may remain in the air (such as slight odors from drain pipes), improving the cleanliness of the breathable air.

[0019] The emergency breathing device for drainage systems in this fire scenario is directly integrated into the existing building's drainage system, eliminating the need for a separate fresh air supply duct. This reduces installation costs and building modification difficulties, making it easy to promote and apply in existing buildings. Furthermore, the device is simple to operate, requiring no specialized training, ensuring that trapped individuals can quickly learn how to use it during a fire. The continuous supply of fresh air prolongs the survival time of trapped individuals, buying more time for external rescue and effectively reducing the mortality rate caused by asphyxiation from toxic gases. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the installation of the emergency breathing device for the drainage system in a fire situation provided by this utility model in a non-fire state. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of the emergency breathing device for a drainage system in a fire situation provided by this utility model.

[0021] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names: 100-Emergency breathing device for drainage system in case of fire, 1-Breathing hose, 2-Hose water seal, 3-Mask box, 4-Breathing filter mask, 5-Ventilation interface, 6-Drainage pipe water seal. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that while the description of these embodiments is intended to aid in understanding the present invention, it does not constitute a limitation thereof. The specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are only for describing exemplary embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention may be embodied in many alternative forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0023] According to specific embodiments of this disclosure, an emergency breathing device for a drainage system in case of fire is provided. Figure 1 and 2 Specific embodiments thereof are shown.

[0024] See Figure 1 and 2 As shown, the emergency breathing device 100 for the drainage system in the event of a fire includes: a breathing hose 1, one end of which is connected to a ventilation port 5 of the building drainage pipe, and the breathing hose 1 is provided with a quick-connect interface; the ventilation port 5 is located above the highest liquid level after the water seal 6 of the drainage pipe, so as to be able to connect to the atmosphere; a mask box 3 is located beside the breathing hose 1; a breathing filter mask 4 is located in the mask box 3, and the breathing filter mask 4 is detachably connected to the quick-connect interface; wherein, the breathing hose 1 is normally stored and forms a hose water seal 2 to isolate the gas in the drainage pipe.

[0025] The operation of the emergency breathing device 100 for the drainage system in case of fire is as follows: The breathing hose 1 is normally sealed. It is retracted by winding, folding, or using a special storage structure (such as a storage box or hook fixation). During the retraction process, the hose itself forms a bend, and a certain amount of water remains in the bend, forming a hose water seal 2 (consistent with the conventional water seal principle of the drainage system, using a water layer to block gas flow). At the same time, although one end of the breathing hose 1 is connected to the ventilation port 5 of the drainage pipe (located above the highest liquid level of the hose water seal 2), due to the existence of the hose water seal itself, odors and smells from the drainage pipe cannot break through the hose water seal 2 layer inside the hose and enter the room, ensuring that the daily air quality of the room is not affected by the drainage pipe. The mask box 3 is fixed to the side of the breathing hose 1, and the breathing filter masks 4 stored inside are in a sealed or dustproof state to avoid daily contamination; the quick-connect interface on the breathing hose 1 is in a closed or protected state (such as equipped with a dust cover) to prevent foreign objects from entering the hose.

[0026] When a building catches fire and the interior is contaminated with toxic and harmful gases, trapped personnel, upon discovering the toxic gases, should quickly locate the breathing hose 1 and the adjacent mask box 3 (since the mask box 3 and hose are located nearby, no additional searching is necessary). Open the mask box 3 and retrieve the breathing filter mask 4. Unfold the normally stored breathing hose 1. The hose water seal 2 at the bend of the hose is broken during the unfolding action, causing water to flow out or disperse, no longer forming a continuous hose water seal 2, and the internal channel of the hose is open. Align the interface end of the breathing filter mask 4 with the quick-connect interface on the breathing hose 1, and achieve a detachable and quick connection through quick insertion, removal, or snap-fit. The drainage pipe ventilation interface 5, connected to one end of the breathing hose 1, is located above the highest liquid level after the drainage pipe water seal 6. The drainage pipe water seal 6 blocks toxic and harmful gases in the fire and remains in communication with the air remaining on the wall of the drainage pipe, and is not soaked by sewage. At this time, with the hose channel open, fresh outdoor air passes sequentially through the drainage system ventilation structure, the air remaining in the drainage pipe, the ventilation interface 5, the breathing hose 1, and the breathing filter mask 4, ultimately being inhaled by the trapped personnel.

[0027] In this situation, as long as the ventilation structure of the drainage system and the water seal 6 of the drainage pipe are not completely destroyed by the fire, the pipe will continue to be connected to the outdoor atmosphere, and fresh air will be continuously supplied through the hose; if the filtration capacity of a single mask decreases, the trapped personnel can open the mask box 3 to replace it with a new breathing filter mask 4.

[0028] Through the above technical solution, the breathing hose 1 can avoid the sewage area inside the drainage pipe, preventing the inhalation of sewage. This ensures that the interface connects to "retained air connected to the outdoor atmosphere" inside the drainage pipe (rather than fire smoke before the water seal), guaranteeing the safety of the inhaled air from the source. This ensures that the air supplied during a fire meets emergency needs, avoiding secondary harm. Under normal circumstances, the hose water seal 2 and sealing cap isolate odors from the drainage pipe, fully preserving the original "odor prevention" function of the drainage system, preventing the device from affecting indoor air quality during daily use. This storage structure saves indoor space and does not affect the daily use of the building. In an emergency, simply unfolding the hose releases the hose water seal 2; the operation is simple and requires no complex switches. The quick-connect design allows for "tool-free quick connection" between the breathing filter mask 4 and the hose, allowing trapped personnel to quickly assemble the mask during a fire, saving escape preparation time.

[0029] The design of the mask box 3 allows for the convenient storage of both the hose and the mask, eliminating the need for trapped personnel to search for the two core components separately during a fire, thus reducing location time. The mask box 3 provides dust and moisture protection (e.g., using a sealed enclosure) to prevent the breathing filter mask 4 from becoming damp or contaminated daily, ensuring its filtration performance remains intact during emergencies. This improves emergency response speed while ensuring the quality of mask storage and avoiding the risk of inhaling unsafe air due to mask failure. The filter mask further filters out any trace amounts of smoke and odors that may remain in the air (such as slight odors from drain pipes), improving the cleanliness of the breathable air.

[0030] The emergency breathing device 100 for drainage systems in fire situations is directly integrated into the existing building's drainage system, eliminating the need for a separate fresh air supply duct. This reduces installation costs and building modification difficulties, making it easy to promote and apply in existing buildings. Furthermore, the emergency breathing device 100 for drainage systems in fire situations is simple to operate, requiring no professional training, ensuring that trapped personnel can quickly learn how to use it during a fire. A continuous supply of fresh air can extend the survival time of trapped personnel, buying more time for external rescue and effectively reducing the mortality rate caused by asphyxiation from toxic gases.

[0031] It should be noted that the directional terms used, such as "inner" and "outer," refer to "inner" and "outer" relative to the outline of the component. "Inner" refers to the direction towards the inside of the component, and "outer" refers to the direction away from it. Furthermore, it should be noted that the terms used, such as "first" and "second," are used to distinguish one element from another and do not indicate sequence or importance. Moreover, in the following descriptions with accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals in different drawings represent the same element.

[0032] In one embodiment provided in this disclosure, the ventilation port 5 is disposed at the rear of the water seal 6 of the washbasin drain pipe.

[0033] The washbasin is a frequently used sanitary appliance indoors (used multiple times daily for washing and cleaning). Its drainpipe continuously carries clean water (such as water from washing faces and hands), ensuring the water in the water seal 6 (water trap) is always "freshly replenished," preventing it from drying out (if the water seal 6 dries out, it loses its ability to block odors). In this way, the stable water seal 6 formed by the high-frequency use of the washbasin itself guarantees the indoor environment under normal conditions. The vent 5 is located at the rear of the water seal 6. In the event of a fire, the water seal 6 can reverse the flow of indoor smoke, allowing fresh outdoor air to enter through the drainpipe. The combination of the water seal 6 and the vent 5 simplifies the structure, prevents indoor odor problems caused by the water seal 6 drying out, ensures a comfortable daily user experience, and effectively blocks indoor smoke during a fire. By integrating the device with the washbasin, the difficulty of identification and the height of operation are reduced, ensuring that trapped people of different ages and physical conditions can use it quickly, further improving the device's versatility and emergency success rate.

[0034] In this disclosure, the breathing hose 1 is made of a corrosion-resistant flexible material. The corrosion-resistant material can effectively resist erosion, prevent the hose from cracking, having holes or failing to seal, ensure the integrity of the hose water seal 2 under normal conditions, prevent the hose water seal 2 layer from leaking due to hose damage, and prevent odors in the drainage pipe from entering the room through the hose.

[0035] Due to the flexible nature of the breathing hose 1, it can be bent freely without permanent deformation. When storing the hose, bending it can retain water to form a hose water seal 2. If it were a rigid hose, it would not be able to be bent flexibly, and an additional complex hose water seal 2 structure (such as valves and water traps) would be required, which would not only increase costs but also increase the complexity of operation.

[0036] Specifically, the corrosion-resistant flexible material is silicone.

[0037] Breathing hose 1 has two application scenarios. Under normal conditions, it is used in environments with prolonged contact with drainage pipes, characterized by dampness, sewage residue, and detergent chemicals. In the event of a fire, it is used in environments with high-temperature smoke and mildly corrosive gases. The corrosion-resistant flexible materials (such as acid and alkali resistant rubber, food-grade corrosion-resistant PVC, and silicone) allow it to adapt to harsh working conditions.

[0038] In one embodiment provided in this disclosure, the breathing hose 1 is normally wound and stored on a dedicated support.

[0039] The special bracket is a standardized structure (such as a circular reel bracket or a U-shaped slot bracket), with fixed installation points (which can be fixed to the wall, the cabinet under the sink, etc. with screws) and a winding channel that matches the diameter of the hose. The hose is fixed to the bracket by spiral winding or layered winding. After winding, it can naturally form a preset bending section (used to retain water to form a hose water seal 2). The bracket and the mask box 3 are fixedly associated (ensuring that the mask box 3 is close to the hose).

[0040] This ensures that the hose, after being wound, can stably retain a sufficient amount of water (meeting the barrier requirements of the hose water seal 2), and prevents deformation of the hose water seal 2 section due to excessively tight or loose winding, thus keeping the hose water seal 2 in its preset shape. Simultaneously, the winding and storage keeps the hose under "fixed tension," preventing accidental snagging during daily activities (such as cleaning or retrieving items) that could cause displacement or breakage of the hose water seal 2 section, further guaranteeing the continuity of the hose water seal 2.

[0041] In this disclosure, the breathing filter mask 4 is provided with activated carbon and a high-efficiency filter layer for adsorbing harmful gases and particulate matter. Through the filtration of the activated carbon and high-efficiency filter layer in the breathing filter mask 4, the air obtained from the drainage pipe is transformed into air that can be directly and safely inhaled.

[0042] Specifically, activated carbon has a porous structure that captures gas molecules through physical adsorption. For highly toxic gases such as hydrogen cyanide (a small-molecule polar gas) and carbon monoxide (a weakly polar gas) produced in fires, as well as harmful gases such as formaldehyde and benzene compounds generated from the combustion of plastics and furniture, activated carbon can firmly adsorb them through its porous structure, preventing them from entering the human respiratory system.

[0043] The high-efficiency filter layer is equipped with a HEPA filter (high-efficiency air filter), which uses an ultra-fine fiber interwoven structure to effectively filter particulate matter through interception, inertial impaction, and diffusion sedimentation. This prevents smoke particles, ash, carbon black particles, and other particles generated during a fire from entering the respiratory tract.

[0044] In this disclosure, the hose water seal 2 formed by the breathing hose 1 maintains a closed liquid level through external water replenishment. External water replenishment, by periodically / automatically replenishing lost water, ensures that the liquid level is always maintained within the effective sealing range, keeping the sealing effect of the hose water seal 2 consistently stable. This prevents incomplete sealing due to excessively low liquid levels, and also prevents the hose from being subjected to additional water pressure due to excessively high liquid levels.

[0045] In this disclosure, the respirator filter mask 4 is connected to the respirator hose 1 via a threaded connection structure. The threaded connection forms an annular surface contact seal through the tight fit of the helical surfaces of the internal and external threads. Even if a slight negative pressure is generated inside the hose during breathing, or if there is a positive pressure of external toxic gas, it is impossible for toxic gas to penetrate into the hose through the threaded mating surface, thus eliminating the risk of toxic gas mixing into the selected fresh air.

[0046] In one embodiment, the emergency breathing device 100 for a drainage system in case of fire is installed on a domestic sewage pipe. The domestic sewage pipe is a pipe specifically designed to collect clean water drainage in a building's drainage system, primarily handling drainage from sanitary fixtures such as washbasins, sinks, shower rooms, and kitchen sinks. By placing the ventilation port 5 of the emergency breathing device 100 for a fire on such a pipe, blockage of the port by contaminants can be prevented at the source. This ensures that the air entering the ventilation port 5 is essentially clean and can enter the breathing hose 1 without additional treatment, further reducing the burden on the breathing filter mask 4.

[0047] In this disclosure, the breathing hose 1 is configured to discharge the liquid from the hose water seal 2 to the drain pipe by gravity during use. Under normal conditions, the breathing hose 1 retains water through the bend section to form the hose water seal 2 (blocking odors from the drain pipe). In emergency use, the hose water seal 2 needs to be quickly released, and gravity discharge utilizes the slope created after the hose is unfolded to allow the liquid in the hose water seal 2 to flow naturally along the inner wall of the hose to the drain pipe under its own weight, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the emergency breathing device 100 in extreme scenarios such as fire.

[0048] The above specific embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solution and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. An emergency breathing device for a drainage system in case of fire, characterized in that, include: A breathing hose, one end of which is connected to the ventilation port of the building drainage pipe, and the breathing hose is provided with a quick-connect interface; The vent is located above the highest liquid level after the water seal in the drainage pipe, so as to allow it to be connected to the atmosphere; A mask box is located beside the breathing hose; A breathing filter mask is disposed in the mask box, and the breathing filter mask is detachably connected to the quick interface; The breathing hose is normally retracted and forms a hose water seal to isolate the gas in the drainage pipe. The quick-connector is normally sealed to prevent the water seal of the breathing hose from evaporating under normal conditions.

2. The emergency breathing device for a drainage system in case of fire as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vent is located at the rear of the water seal of the drain pipe of the washbasin or bathtub.

3. The emergency breathing device for a drainage system in case of fire as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The breathing hose is made of a corrosion-resistant flexible material.

4. The emergency breathing device for a drainage system in case of fire as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The breathing hose is normally wound to form a hose water seal and stored on a special bracket.

5. The emergency breathing device for a drainage system in case of fire as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The breathing filter mask is equipped with activated carbon or a high-efficiency filter layer to adsorb harmful gases and particulate matter.

6. The emergency breathing device for a drainage system in case of fire as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The quick-connector of the breathing hose is sealed with a sealing cap.

7. The emergency breathing device for a drainage system in case of fire as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The breathing filter mask is connected to the breathing hose via a threaded connection structure.

8. The emergency breathing device for a drainage system in case of fire as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the event of a fire, the emergency breathing device for the drainage system is installed on the domestic sewage pipeline.

9. The emergency breathing device for a drainage system in case of fire as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The breathing hose is configured to discharge water seal liquid to a drain pipe by gravity during use.

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