A compound dynamic balance stand
By designing a composite dynamic balancing column, the deformation problem of traditional columns during high-speed milling or heavy cutting is solved, achieving high precision and stability of the column and adapting to the needs of high-speed machining.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202521980940.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-25
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-09-15
AI Technical Summary
Traditional horizontal machining center columns are prone to deformation due to localized stress concentration during high-speed milling or heavy cutting, affecting machining accuracy and failing to meet high-precision machining requirements.
A composite dynamic balance column is adopted, which combines Q345 steel plate with carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) on the side wall of the column body. Orthogonal ribs, corner braces and through tie rods are set inside. Resistance strain gauge sensors monitor deformation in real time, and composite damping blocks are arranged on the base plate to absorb vibration energy, forming a three-dimensional support system to resist cutting loads.
It significantly improves the bending and torsional resistance of the column, reduces deformation and vibration interference, ensures machining accuracy and stability, and adapts to the high-load environment of high-speed milling and heavy cutting.
Smart Images
Figure CN224674310U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of horizontal machining centers, specifically a composite dynamic balancing column. Background Technology
[0002] With the continuous development of the manufacturing industry, the performance requirements for horizontal machining centers are becoming increasingly stringent, especially in high-speed milling and heavy cutting, where higher machining accuracy and stability are needed to meet the machining needs of precision parts. In the past, the design of the column of horizontal machining centers, in order to withstand the multiple loads of the spindle box, cutting tools, and cutting forces, traditionally adopted a box structure with uniform thickness. This structure is simple and straightforward, and can meet the basic load-bearing requirements to a certain extent.
[0003] However, traditional uniform-thickness box-type columns have significant drawbacks. Due to their structural characteristics, localized stress concentration is severe when subjected to multiple loads, easily leading to column deformation. This deformation is particularly pronounced in high-speed milling or heavy cutting scenarios, severely impacting machining accuracy and failing to meet the requirements of high-precision machining. Utility Model Content
[0004] To overcome the above-mentioned defects, this utility model provides a composite dynamic balancing column, which solves the problems existing in the prior art.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a composite dynamic balancing column, comprising a column body, a top plate fixedly connected to the top of the column body, a bottom plate fixedly connected to the bottom of the column body, a composite damping block provided on the bottom surface of the bottom plate, and strain sensors embedded in the side walls of the column body; orthogonal ribs fixedly connected inside the column body, corner braces fixedly connected at the corners of adjacent side walls inside the column body, and a through tie rod provided inside the column body, with both ends of the through tie rod fixedly connected to the top plate and the bottom plate respectively.
[0006] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the sidewall of the column body is made of composite plate, which is formed by bonding an inner layer of Q345 alloy steel plate with an outer layer of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP); the top plate and the bottom plate are both made of Q355ND alloy steel plate; the orthogonal rib is a composite structure of Q345 steel core wrapped with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP); the corner brace is made of No. 45 steel; the through tie rod is made of 40Cr quenched and tempered steel; the composite damping block is made of nitrile rubber and Q235 steel through a vulcanization process.
[0007] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the dimensions of the column body are 1.8m high × 1.2m long × 1m wide; the thickness of the top plate and the bottom plate is 35mm; the thickness of the inner steel plate of the side wall of the column body is 35mm, and the thickness of the outer carbon fiber composite material is 15mm; the total thickness of the orthogonal rib plate is 20mm (16mm steel core + 4mm outer cladding), and the plate width is 100mm; the cross-section of the corner brace is a right triangle with two right-angled sides of 60mm; and the diameter of the through tie rod is 50mm.
[0008] As a further embodiment of this utility model: a total of 4 sets of through-wire rods are provided, which are evenly distributed along the central axis of the column body. An avoidance hole is provided at the intersection of the through-wire rod and the orthogonal rib. A 4mm thick wear-resistant steel bushing is fixedly connected in the avoidance hole. The fit clearance between the wear-resistant steel bushing and the through-wire rod is 0.1 to 0.2mm.
[0009] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the orthogonal ribs are arranged alternately along the length and width of the column body to form a seven-layer grid structure. The longitudinal spacing between the orthogonal ribs and their adjacent ribs is 400mm, and the transverse spacing is 300mm. The orthogonal ribs are arranged in four layers in the bottom area (0-600mm), two layers in the middle area (600-1200mm), and one layer in the top area (1200-1800mm) within the column body. The orthogonal ribs are provided with regular hexagonal hollow holes with an inscribed circle diameter of 60mm and a hole spacing of 300mm.
[0010] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the individual size of the composite damping block is 100mm×100mm×15mm, and the composite damping blocks are evenly arranged in a 4×4 matrix on the base plate.
[0011] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the strain sensor 5 is a resistance strain gauge type, and four are arranged along the height direction of the column body, respectively located at a distance of 600mm, 900mm, 1200mm and 1500mm above the base plate. The surface of the strain sensor is covered with a wear-resistant ceramic layer with a thickness of 2mm.
[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: 1. The sidewalls of the column body are made of Q345 steel plate and carbon fiber composite material, while the top and bottom plates are made of Q355ND alloy steel plate. The overall bending and torsional resistance is significantly improved compared to traditional pure steel columns. The orthogonal ribs are Q345 steel core with GFRP outer sheath. The seven-layer grid is arranged with more layers at the bottom, less in the middle, and less at the top to adapt to the stress gradient. The shear resistance at the bottom is significantly enhanced. The corner braces are made of 45# steel and work in conjunction with four sets of 40Cr quenched and tempered steel through-wires to effectively reduce stress concentration at the corners and keep the maximum deflection at a low level during heavy cutting.
[0013] 2. Resistance strain gauge sensors are distributed along the height direction and have wear-resistant protection on the surface. They can capture minute deformations of the column in real time, providing a dynamic adjustment basis for the external controller and reducing the impact of deformation accumulation on machining accuracy during high-speed milling. The composite damping blocks arranged in a matrix on the base plate are made of nitrile rubber and Q235 steel through a vulcanization process. They can effectively absorb the vibration energy transmitted by the bed, reduce the column resonance frequency, and reduce vibration interference during high-speed cutting. Attached Figure Description
[0014] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention from another perspective; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial enlarged view of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.
[0015] In the diagram: 1. Column body; 2. Top plate; 3. Bottom plate; 4. Composite damping block; 5. Strain sensor; 6. Orthogonal rib plate; 7. Corner brace; 8. Through tie rod; 9. Wear-resistant steel bushing; 10. Regular hexagonal hollow hole. Detailed Implementation
[0016] The technical solution of this patent will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
[0017] like Figures 1-5 As shown, this utility model provides a technical solution: A composite dynamic balancing column includes a column body 1, a top plate 2 fixedly connected to the top of the column body 1, a bottom plate 3 fixedly connected to the bottom of the column body 1, a composite damping block 4 provided on the bottom surface of the bottom plate 3, and a strain sensor 5 embedded in the side wall of the column body 1; an orthogonal rib plate 6 fixedly connected inside the column body 1, corner braces 7 fixedly connected at the corners of adjacent side walls inside the column body 1, and a through tie rod 8 provided inside the column body 1, with both ends of the through tie rod 8 fixedly connected to the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 3 respectively; Specifically, the column body 1, top plate 2, and bottom plate 3 form a closed support structure. The top plate 2 and bottom plate 3 respectively bear the functions of top load (such as spindle box) and bottom connection (fixed to the bed). The composite damping block 4 at the bottom can buffer the vibration transmitted by the bed and reduce column resonance. The strain sensor 5 on the side wall monitors the column deformation in real time and provides data for dynamic balance control. The internal orthogonal rib plate 6, corner brace 7, and through tie rod 8 form a three-dimensional support system: the orthogonal rib plate 6 enhances the overall rigidity, the corner brace 7 strengthens the weak corners, and the through tie rod 8 offsets the axial deformation through the connection between the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 3. The three work together to resist the bending and torsional forces generated by the cutting load, realizing the basic bearing capacity and deformation resistance of the column. The sidewalls of the column body 1 are made of composite panels, which are made of an inner layer of Q345 alloy steel plate and an outer layer of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite material; the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 3 are both made of Q355ND alloy steel plate; the orthogonal rib plate 6 is a composite structure of Q345 steel core wrapped with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP); the corner brace 7 is made of No. 45 steel, and the through tie rod 8 is made of 40Cr quenched and tempered steel; the composite damping block 4 is made of nitrile rubber and Q235 steel through a vulcanization process. Specifically, the sidewalls of the column body 1 are made of Q345 steel plate + carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP): the Q345 steel plate provides basic rigidity and bears the main load, while the outer CFRP layer enhances fatigue resistance and local shear resistance, and achieves lightweighting to reduce inertial load. The top plate 2 and bottom plate 3 are made of Q355ND alloy steel plate to meet the requirements of heavy load at the top and rigid connection at the bottom, avoiding cracking under stress. The orthogonal rib plate 6 is "Q345 steel core + GFRP outer cladding": the steel core ensures bending strength, and the GFRP is corrosion-resistant, insulating, and disperses stress to avoid local overload of the steel core. The corner brace 7 is made of No. 45 steel, which has high strength and good wear resistance after tempering, and is suitable for high-frequency shear force transmission at corners. The through-rod 8 is made of 40Cr quenched and tempered steel. With its high tensile strength and toughness, it rigidly connects the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 3 through pre-tightening force, suppressing axial tensile deformation. The composite damping block 4 is a "nitrile rubber + Q235 steel vulcanized composite": the nitrile rubber absorbs vibration energy, the Q235 steel layer ensures a rigid connection with the bottom plate 3, and the vulcanization process ensures a tight bond and prevents vibration from causing it to fall off. The dimensions of the column body 1 are 1.8m high × 1.2m long × 1m wide; the thickness of the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 3 is 35mm; the inner steel plate of the side wall of the column body 1 is 35mm thick, and the outer carbon fiber composite material is 15mm thick; the total thickness of the orthogonal rib plate 6 is 20mm, the plate width is 100mm, the cross section of the corner brace 7 is a right triangle, the two right angle sides are both 60mm, and the diameter of the through tie rod 8 is 50mm. Specifically, the dimensions of the column body 1 (1.8m × 1.2m × 1.2m × 1m) are: suitable for the installation space of small and medium-sized machine tools, the height meets the vertical movement range of the spindle box, and the length-to-width ratio balances rigidity and ease of operation. The top plate 2 and bottom plate 3 are 35mm thick: combined with the strength of Q355ND steel, they can withstand a top load of ≥50kN without significant deformation; the side walls are "35mm steel plate + 15mm CFRP": the steel plate thickness ensures overall rigidity, and the CFRP thickness enhances surface impact resistance (such as friction or debris impact during spindle box movement) while maintaining lightweight construction. The dimensions of the orthogonal rib plate 6 (total thickness 20mm, width 100mm): the 16mm steel core ensures the bending section modulus meets support requirements, and the 4mm GFRP outer layer evenly covers the steel core to avoid edge stress concentration; the 100mm plate width adapts to the internal space of the column, ensuring an effective connection length with the side walls. Corner brace 7 (60mm×60mm right triangle): The length of the right-angled side matches the corner space of the column, and the cross-sectional area ensures that it can transmit a shear force of ≥10kN to avoid deformation at the corner due to excessive stress. Through tie rod 8 (50mm diameter): A φ50mm tie rod made of 40Cr steel with a tensile strength of ≥800MPa, which can provide sufficient preload (≥200kN) to offset the axial elongation of the column under load; Four sets of through-wire tie rods 8 are evenly distributed along the central axis of the column body 1. A clearance hole is provided at the intersection of the through-wire tie rod 8 and the orthogonal rib plate 6. A 4mm thick wear-resistant steel bushing 9 is fixedly connected in the clearance hole. The fit clearance between the wear-resistant steel bushing 9 and the through-wire tie rod 8 is 0.1 to 0.2mm. Specifically, four sets of through tie rods are evenly distributed along the central axis, forming a symmetrical axial constraint to ensure uniform stress on the top plate 2 and bottom plate 3, preventing overload breakage of tie rods on one side. The evenly distributed tie rods can also disperse and transmit the axial force inside the column, reducing local stress. The clearance hole and 4mm wear-resistant steel bushing 9: When the through tie rod 8 passes through the orthogonal rib plate 6, the clearance hole prevents the two from rigidly contacting each other (preventing the rib plate from hindering the pre-tensioning of the tie rod). The wear-resistant bushing (such as one made of quenched 45# steel) isolates the tie rod from the rib plate, reducing friction and wear during tie rod vibration. The 0.1-0.2mm fit clearance ensures the tie rod can freely expand and contract (adapting to temperature changes or slight deformation) while avoiding swaying caused by excessive clearance.
[0018] Orthogonal ribs 6 are staggered along the length and width of the column body 1 to form a seven-layer grid structure. The longitudinal spacing between the orthogonal ribs 6 and their adjacent ribs is 400mm and the transverse spacing is 300mm. The orthogonal ribs 6 are arranged in four layers in the bottom area (0-600mm), two layers in the middle area (600-1200mm), and one layer in the top area (1200-1800mm) within the column body 1. The orthogonal ribs 6 are provided with regular hexagonal hollow holes 10, the diameter of the inscribed circle of the hole is 60mm, and the hole spacing is 300mm. Specifically, the seven-layer grid and its regional distribution (4 layers at the bottom, 2 layers in the middle, and 1 layer at the top): The column's stress exhibits a gradient of "bottom > middle > top" (the bottom bears more than 60% of the total load). The dense ribs at the bottom enhance bending resistance (e.g., the bottom bending moment is greatest during heavy cutting, and multiple layers of ribs form a "bending barrier"), while the sparse distribution at the top reduces redundant material and lowers the overall weight. The longitudinal spacing is 400mm, and the transverse spacing is 300mm: This spacing matches the grid unit size to the column's length-to-width ratio, ensuring that each grid can evenly transfer the load to the sidewalls, avoiding localized deformation of the sidewalls between ribs due to excessive spacing. Ten regular hexagonal perforations (80mm inscribed circle, 300mm hole spacing): The hexagonal structure distributes stress evenly, reducing rib weight by 30% without significantly reducing strength; the hole spacing matches the plate width (100mm), ensuring that the remaining thickness between the hole edge and the rib edge is ≥10mm, avoiding weakening the connection strength between the rib and the sidewall.
[0019] The individual size of the composite damping block 4 is 100mm×100mm×15mm (10mm rubber layer + 5mm steel layer), and the composite damping blocks 4 are evenly arranged in a 4×4 matrix on the base plate 3. Specifically, each composite damping block 4 measures 100mm × 100mm × 15mm (10mm rubber + 5mm steel): the 10mm thick nitrile rubber layer provides sufficient elastic deformation space to effectively absorb high-frequency vibrations (such as 100-500Hz vibrations during high-speed milling); the 5mm steel layer enhances the overall stiffness of the damping block, preventing excessive rubber compression failure. A 4×4 matrix is uniformly arranged: 16 composite damping blocks 4 cover the entire connecting surface of the base plate 3, ensuring that the vibration energy transmitted by the bed is uniformly absorbed. Simultaneously, the matrix distribution disperses the pressure of the column body 1 on the bed, reducing localized deformation of the bed.
[0020] The strain sensor 5 is a resistance strain gauge type, with 4 sensors installed along the height direction of the column body 1, located at 600mm, 900mm, 1200mm and 1500mm above the base plate 3 respectively. The surface of the strain sensor 5 is covered with a 2mm thick wear-resistant ceramic layer. Specifically, strain sensor 5 captures minute deformations at different heights of the column (accuracy ±0.005mm) through the "strain-resistance change" conversion principle; its four-point distribution covers the entire height of the column, constructing a deformation curve to provide comprehensive adjustment data for the controller (e.g., reducing the feed speed of the spindle box for areas with large deformation at the bottom). A 2mm wear-resistant ceramic layer with a hardness ≥HRC60 resists impacts from machining debris or corrosion from oil, protecting the sensor's sensitive grid from damage and ensuring long-term monitoring accuracy.
[0021] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims
1. A compound dynamic balancing column, characterized in that, The column body (1) includes a top plate (2) fixedly connected to the top of the column body (1), a bottom plate (3) fixedly connected to the bottom of the column body (1), a composite damping block (4) provided on the bottom surface of the bottom plate (3), and a strain sensor (5) embedded on the side wall of the column body (1); an orthogonal rib plate (6) fixedly connected inside the column body (1), corner braces (7) fixedly connected at the corners of adjacent side walls inside the column body (1), and a through tie rod (8) provided inside the column body (1), with the two ends of the through tie rod (8) fixedly connected to the top plate (2) and the bottom plate (3) respectively.
2. The compound dynamic balancing column according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sidewall of the column body (1) is made of composite plate, which is made of inner Q345 alloy steel plate and outer carbon fiber composite material (CFRP) bonded together; the top plate (2) and bottom plate (3) are both made of Q355ND alloy steel plate; the orthogonal rib plate (6) is a composite structure of Q345 steel core wrapped with glass fiber reinforced composite material (GFRP); the corner brace (7) is made of No. 45 steel; the through tie rod (8) is made of 40Cr quenched and tempered steel; the composite damping block (4) is made of nitrile rubber and Q235 steel through vulcanization process.
3. A compound dynamic balancing column according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dimensions of the column body (1) are 1.8m high × 1.2m long × 1m wide; the thickness of the top plate (2) and the bottom plate (3) is 35mm; the thickness of the inner steel plate of the side wall of the column body (1) is 35mm and the thickness of the outer carbon fiber composite material is 15mm; the thickness of the orthogonal rib plate (6) is 20mm and the width is 100mm; the cross section of the corner brace (7) is a right triangle with two right-angled sides of 60mm; and the diameter of the through tie rod (8) is 50mm.
4. A compound dynamic balancing column according to claim 3, characterized in that: Four sets of through-rods (8) are evenly distributed along the central axis of the column body (1). A clearance hole is provided at the intersection of the through-rods (8) and the orthogonal rib (6). A 4mm thick wear-resistant steel bushing (9) is fixedly connected in the clearance hole. The fit clearance between the wear-resistant steel bushing (9) and the through-rods (8) is 0.1 to 0.2mm.
5. A compound dynamic balancing column according to claim 4, characterized in that: The orthogonal ribs (6) are staggered along the length and width of the column body (1) to form a seven-layer grid structure. The longitudinal spacing between the orthogonal ribs (6) and their adjacent ribs is 400mm, and the transverse spacing is 300mm. The orthogonal ribs (6) are arranged in four layers in the bottom area (0-600mm) of the column body (1), two layers in the middle area (600-1200mm), and one layer in the top area (1200-1800mm). The orthogonal ribs (6) are provided with regular hexagonal hollow holes (10), the diameter of the inscribed circle of the hole is 60mm, and the hole spacing is 300mm.
6. A compound dynamic balancing column according to claim 5, characterized in that: The individual size of the composite damping block (4) is 100mm×100mm×15mm, and the composite damping block (4) is evenly arranged in a 4×4 matrix on the base plate (3).
7. A compound dynamic balancing column according to claim 6, characterized in that: The strain sensor (5) is a resistance strain gauge type, and three are arranged along the height direction of the column body (1), and are located at positions 600 mm, 900 mm, 1200 mm and 1500 mm above the bottom plate (3) respectively, and the surface of the strain sensor (5) is covered with a 2 mm thick wear-resistant ceramic layer.