Vegetated concrete ecological slope protection

Abstract

The application relates to a vegetation concrete ecological slope protection, and relates to the technical field of ecological slope protection, which comprises an original slope surface and a modified module arranged on the original slope surface. The application forms a composite structure with complementary functions through a zonally arranged saline-alkali modified base material layer, an anchoring base material layer and a degradable fiber grid layer, solves the problem of poor adaptability of a traditional homogeneous structure, forms an included angle between the oblique anchor rod and the original slope surface, cooperates with the expanded head steel plate to improve the anchoring force, meanwhile, the damage to the root system of the grass and shrub mixed planting vegetation zone is avoided, the plant survival rate is improved, the degradable fiber grid layer adopts a degradable material, metal corrosion pollution of a traditional iron wire mesh layer is avoided, the saline-alkali modified base material layer contains components such as desulfurized gypsum and zeolite, the problem that it is difficult to green the saline-alkali land is solved, a drainage assembly is composed of a drainage system formed by a water collecting tank, a filter screen, a drainage pipe and a flange plate, interlayer accumulated water is effectively drained, the loss of the base material is avoided, and the grass and shrub mixed planting vegetation zone adopts grass and shrub mixed planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of ecological slope protection technology, and in particular to a vegetation-concrete ecological slope protection system. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional slope protection measures are primarily engineering-based, completely isolating the environment for plant growth. This means that natural vegetation damaged by substation construction cannot be restored permanently. Secondly, the extensive use of stone involves quarrying, damaging the environment, and its protective effect gradually diminishes over time. It lacks self-renewal capabilities and must be replaced after several years, resulting in poor aesthetics; the exposed rock and concrete also create a visually unappealing effect. Furthermore, cover-type slope protection only isolates vegetation growth conditions, offering no external greening opportunities. An existing patent (publication number: CN207812468U) discloses a vegetation-concrete ecological slope protection method, comprising: a vegetation-concrete substrate layer, a wire mesh layer, and a grass-seed vegetation-concrete layer sequentially arranged above the original slope surface in a direction away from the original slope surface; further comprising: multiple anchor bars perpendicular to the original slope surface, sequentially penetrating through the grass-seed vegetation-concrete layer, the wire mesh layer, and the vegetation-concrete substrate layer, and inserted into the original slope surface. This method can restore vegetation, green the environment, requires no maintenance, does not require quarrying, does not damage the mountain, and is beneficial to environmental protection.

[0003] The device in the aforementioned comparative document uses a single anchor bar that vertically penetrates all structural layers. However, the anchor is prone to damaging plant roots, reducing the survival rate of plants. Furthermore, the wire mesh layer in the aforementioned document is non-degradable, which can lead to metal corrosion and pollution. To address these issues, a vegetation-concrete ecological slope protection method is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a vegetation concrete ecological slope protection. This design is significantly different from the homogeneous three-layer structure of the prior art through four major innovations: partitioned structure, oblique anchoring, saline-alkali improved substrate and biodegradable materials. It solves the problems of difficult greening of saline-alkali land and poor ecological performance of traditional slope protection, and has strong practicality and patent authorization prospects.

[0005] The vegetation concrete ecological slope protection provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A vegetation concrete ecological slope protection includes an original slope surface and an improvement module set on the original slope surface, as well as a drainage component connected to the improvement module. The improvement module includes a saline-alkali improved substrate layer, an anchoring substrate layer and a biodegradable fiber mesh layer arranged sequentially along the original slope surface direction. A concrete frame is provided on the biodegradable fiber mesh layer. The bottom surface of the concrete frame is inlaid with uniformly distributed enlarged head steel plates. The bottom surface of each enlarged head steel plate is fixedly connected with multiple inclined anchor rods. One end of each of the multiple inclined anchor rods passes through the biodegradable fiber mesh layer and the anchoring substrate layer in sequence and extends into the interior of the saline-alkali improved substrate layer. A uniformly distributed planting trough is opened in the concrete frame. A grass-shrub mixed planting strip is planted in the planting trough and covered with non-woven fabric.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the saline-alkali improved substrate layer, anchoring substrate layer and biodegradable fiber mesh layer set in different zones form a composite structure with complementary functions. This not only solves the problem of poor adaptability of traditional homogeneous slope protection structures, but also improves overall stability and reduces damage to the root system of grass and shrub mixed planting strips through the combination of concrete frame, enlarged head steel plate and diagonal anchor rod. The application of biodegradable materials avoids metal corrosion pollution, and the mixed planting of grass and shrubs enhances the self-renewal capacity of the ecosystem, effectively solving the problems of difficult vegetation restoration and poor ecological performance of traditional slope protection.

[0007] Preferably, the interior of the salt-alkali modified substrate layer contains desulfurized gypsum, zeolite, and organic matter.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solutions, desulfurized gypsum and zeolite can effectively regulate the pH of the soil and reduce the salt content of saline-alkali land. Organic matter provides continuous nutrient support for plant growth, enabling the saline-alkali improved substrate layer to adapt to the high saline-alkali environment. This solves the problem that traditional slope protection makes it difficult for vegetation to survive in saline-alkali land, and lays a good soil foundation for subsequent vegetation growth.

[0009] Preferably, the anchoring substrate layer contains sandy loam, cement, and plant-derived adhesive.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solutions, the sandy loam soil ensures the air permeability and water permeability of the layer, which is conducive to the infiltration and growth of plant roots; cement enhances the overall strength of the layer and improves its erosion resistance; plant-derived adhesives, as environmentally friendly bonding materials, enhance the bonding force between sandy loam soil and cement without polluting the soil and plants, making the anchoring substrate layer both stable and ecologically compatible, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional rigid anchoring materials that enclose the plant growth environment.

[0011] Preferably, the biodegradable fiber mesh layer is woven from polylactic acid fiber or bamboo fiber.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solutions, both polylactic acid fiber and bamboo fiber are biodegradable materials. After the slope protection system forms a stable ecosystem, they can naturally degrade, avoiding the metal corrosion and pollution problems caused by the long-term presence of traditional wire mesh layers. At the same time, the fiber mesh structure can enhance the tensile strength of the layer and provide effective support for the upper structure, taking into account both ecological protection and structural stability.

[0013] Preferably, the inclined anchor rod forms an angle with the original slope surface.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the inclined anchor rod changes the force direction of the traditional vertical anchor rod. The angle formed with the original slope surface makes the contact area between the anchor rod and the soil larger. Combined with the effect of the enlarged head steel plate, the anchoring force is further improved. At the same time, the inclined anchor rod does not come into contact with the grass-shrub mixed planting strip, which reduces the probability of root damage and is conducive to improving the survival rate of plants.

[0015] Preferably, the drainage assembly includes a water collection trough disposed between the saline-alkali modified substrate layer and the original slope, and a removable filter screen is installed on the top of the water collection trough.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solutions, the water collection trough can quickly collect the water seeping into the saline-alkali improved substrate layer, avoiding the loss of substrate or loosening of structure due to long-term water accumulation; the detachable filter screen can intercept soil particles and plant residues, prevent the water collection trough from being blocked, ensure smooth drainage, and solve the problems of insufficient drainage capacity and susceptibility to rainwater erosion in traditional slope protection.

[0017] Preferably, both sides of the bottom of the water collection tank are connected to drain pipes, and each drain pipe has a flange at its end for connection.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the drainage pipe directs the accumulated water collected in the water collection tank to the slope protection system, avoiding the backflow of accumulated water and its impact on the base layer; the flange facilitates the connection between the drainage pipe and the external drainage system, and can extend the drainage path according to the actual terrain requirements, improving the applicability and flexibility of the drainage components, and ensuring effective drainage under different slope lengths and shapes.

[0019] Preferably, the mixed grass-shrub vegetation strip contains herbaceous plant seeds and shrub seeds, which are mixed and distributed together.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solutions, herbaceous plants grow rapidly and can quickly cover the slope, playing an initial role in soil stabilization and greening; after the shrub seeds grow, they form low shrubs, whose deep root systems can enhance the slope's soil stabilization capacity. The combination of the two forms a three-dimensional vegetation community, which improves the stability and anti-disturbance ability of the ecosystem. Compared with the traditional single grass seed vegetation layer, it can better achieve the self-renewal of vegetation and long-term greening effect, solving the problems of single vegetation and weak ecological function in traditional slope protection.

[0021] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: This vegetation-concrete ecological slope protection system utilizes a complementary composite structure formed by a zoned saline-alkali improved substrate layer, an anchoring substrate layer, and a biodegradable fiber mesh layer. This design addresses the poor adaptability of traditional homogeneous structures. The inclined anchors form an angle with the original slope surface, and the enlarged steel plates enhance anchoring force while preventing damage to the roots of the grass-shrub mixed planting strip, thus improving plant survival rates. The biodegradable fiber mesh layer uses biodegradable materials, avoiding metal corrosion pollution common in traditional wire mesh layers. The saline-alkali improved substrate layer contains desulfurized gypsum and zeolite, solving the problem of difficult greening of saline-alkali land. The drainage system, consisting of a water collection trough, filter screen, drainage pipe, and flange, effectively drains water accumulated between layers, preventing substrate loss. The grass-shrub mixed planting strip enhances the ecosystem's self-renewal capacity. Overall, this system overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as difficulty in vegetation restoration and poor ecological performance, combining stability and environmental friendliness. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall front view structure of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first part of the structure of this application from the front view; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall sectional planar structure of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a partially exploded structure in this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of the second part of this application.

[0023] In the picture: 1. Original slope; 2. Improvement module; 201. Salt-alkali improved substrate layer; 202. Anchoring substrate layer; 203. Biodegradable fiber mesh layer; 204. Concrete frame; 205. Enlarged head steel plate; 206. Inclined anchor bolt; 207. Planting trough; 208. Grass-shrub mixed planting strip; 209. Non-woven fabric; 3. Drainage components; 301. Water collection trough; 302. Filter screen; 303. Drainage pipe; 304. Flange. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 5 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0025] Example 1: A vegetation-concrete ecological slope protection, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5The system includes an original slope 1, an improvement module 2 installed on the original slope 1, and a drainage component 3 connected to the improvement module 2. The improvement module 2 includes a saline-alkali improvement substrate layer 201, an anchoring substrate layer 202, and a biodegradable fiber mesh layer 203 arranged sequentially along the direction of the original slope 1. The saline-alkali improvement substrate layer 201 contains desulfurized gypsum, zeolite, and organic matter. The desulfurized gypsum and zeolite can effectively regulate the pH of the soil and reduce the salinity of the saline-alkali land, while the organic matter provides continuous nutrient support for plant growth, enabling the saline-alkali improvement substrate layer 201 to adapt to high saline-alkali environments and solving the problems of traditional... The problem of vegetation survival in saline-alkali soil is addressed by anchoring the slope. This provides a good soil foundation for subsequent vegetation growth. The anchoring substrate layer 202 contains sandy loam, cement, and plant-derived adhesive. The sandy loam ensures the air and water permeability of the layer, which is conducive to the infiltration and growth of plant roots. The cement enhances the overall strength of the layer and improves its erosion resistance. The plant-derived adhesive, as an environmentally friendly bonding material, enhances the bonding force between the sandy loam and cement without polluting the soil and plants. This gives the anchoring substrate layer 202 both stability and ecological compatibility, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional rigid anchoring materials that enclose the plant growth environment.

[0026] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4The biodegradable fiber mesh layer 203 is woven from polylactic acid fiber or bamboo fiber. Both polylactic acid fiber and bamboo fiber are biodegradable materials that can naturally degrade after the slope protection system forms a stable ecosystem, avoiding the metal corrosion pollution problem caused by the long-term presence of traditional wire mesh layers. At the same time, the fiber mesh structure can enhance the tensile strength of the layer and provide effective support for the upper structure, taking into account both ecological protection and structural stability. A concrete frame 204 is provided on the biodegradable fiber mesh layer 203. The bottom surface of the concrete frame 204 is inlaid with evenly distributed enlarged steel plates 205. The bottom surface of each enlarged steel plate 205 is fixedly connected with multiple diagonal anchor rods 206. One end of the multiple diagonal anchor rods 206 passes through the biodegradable fiber mesh layer 203 and the anchoring substrate layer 202 in sequence and extends into the interior of the saline-alkali improved substrate layer 201. Evenly distributed planting troughs 207 are opened in the concrete frame 204. The planting troughs 207 are planted with grass-shrub mixed vegetation strips 208, which contain herbaceous plants. The mixture of grass and shrub seeds, including herbaceous plant seeds and shrub seeds, allows for rapid slope coverage and initial soil stabilization and greening. Shrub seeds, after growth, form low-growing shrubs with deep root systems that enhance the slope's soil-stabilizing capacity. This combination creates a three-dimensional vegetation community, improving the ecosystem's stability and resistance to disturbance. Compared to traditional single-grass-seed vegetation layers, this method achieves better self-renewal and long-term greening effects, solving the problems of single-species vegetation and weak ecological function in traditional slope protection. The grass-shrub mixed-seeding vegetation strip 208 is covered with non-woven fabric 209. An angle is formed between the inclined anchor rod 206 and the original slope surface 1. The inclined anchor rod 206 alters the force direction of traditional vertical anchor bars, and the angle with the original slope surface 1 increases the contact area between the anchor rod and the soil. Combined with the enlarged head steel plate 205, this further enhances the anchoring force. Simultaneously, the inclined anchor rod 206 does not contact the grass-shrub mixed-seeding vegetation strip 208, reducing the probability of root damage and improving plant survival rates.

[0027] Example 2: A vegetation-concrete ecological slope protection, referring to... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3Based on the same concept as Embodiment 1 above, this embodiment proposes a drainage component 3 including a water collection trough 301 disposed between the saline-alkali improved substrate layer 201 and the original slope surface 1. A detachable filter screen 302 is installed on the top of the water collection trough 301. The water collection trough 301 can quickly collect the water seeping into the saline-alkali improved substrate layer 201, preventing the substrate from being washed away or the structure from becoming loose due to long-term water accumulation. The detachable filter screen 302 can intercept soil particles and plant debris, preventing the water collection trough 301 from becoming clogged and ensuring smooth drainage, thus solving the problems of traditional slope protection drainage. To address the issues of insufficient water capacity and susceptibility to rainwater erosion, drainage pipes 303 are connected to both sides of the bottom of the water collection trough 301. Each drainage pipe 303 has a flange 304 at its end for connection. The drainage pipes 303 guide the accumulated water collected by the water collection trough 301 out of the slope protection system, preventing backflow of accumulated water from affecting the base layer. The flanges 304 facilitate the connection of the drainage pipes 303 to the external drainage system and can extend the drainage path according to the actual terrain requirements, improving the applicability and flexibility of the drainage component 3 and ensuring effective drainage under different slope lengths and shapes.

[0028] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: The original slope surface 1 serves as the bearing foundation. The saline-alkali improved substrate layer 201 laid on its surface, through the desulfurized gypsum, zeolite, and organic matter contained within, regulates the salinity and fertility of the soil, creating a suitable soil environment for subsequent vegetation growth. The anchoring substrate layer 202 above is a composite of sandy loam, cement, and plant-derived adhesives, which enhances structural strength while ensuring air permeability, providing stable support for the overall slope protection. The biodegradable fiber mesh layer 203 is laid on top of the anchoring substrate layer 202. The interlayer connection is further strengthened by the woven structure of polylactic acid fiber or bamboo fiber, which avoids the rust and pollution of traditional wire mesh and can naturally degrade with vegetation growth, reducing ecological disturbance. The concrete frame 204 serves as the upper bearing structure. The enlarged steel plate 205 embedded on its bottom surface cooperates with the inclined anchor rod 206, diagonally penetrating the biodegradable fiber mesh layer 203, the anchoring substrate layer 202, and extending to the saline-alkali improved substrate layer 201, changing the design. The traditional vertical anchoring method increases the contact area with the soil to enhance anchoring force while reducing contact with vegetation roots, ensuring root development of the grass-shrub mixed planting strip 208. The planting trough 207 provides planting space for the grass-shrub mixed planting strip 208. The non-woven fabric 209 covering the strip retains water, heat, and prevents seed loss, promoting the simultaneous germination of herbaceous and shrub seeds and forming a three-dimensional vegetation community to enhance soil stabilization. In the drainage component 3, the water collection trough 301 is set between the saline-alkali improved substrate layer 201 and the original slope surface 1, which can quickly collect the water seeping between the layers. The filter screen 302 at the top intercepts soil particles and plant debris to avoid clogging. The collected water is discharged from the slope protection system through the drainage pipe 303 connected at the bottom and the flange 304 at the end, preventing the substrate from loosening due to water soaking. Finally, through the synergistic effect of each component, the integrated function of slope protection structure stability, soil improvement, vegetation growth, and smooth drainage is achieved, realizing the dual goals of ecological restoration and slope protection.

[0029] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A vegetation-concrete ecological slope protection, comprising an original slope surface (1) and an improved module (2) disposed on the original slope surface (1), and a drainage component (3) connected to the improved module (2), characterized in that: The improvement module (2) includes a saline-alkali improvement substrate layer (201), an anchoring substrate layer (202), and a biodegradable fiber mesh layer (203) arranged sequentially along the original slope (1). A concrete frame (204) is provided on the biodegradable fiber mesh layer (203). The bottom surface of the concrete frame (204) is inlaid with uniformly distributed enlarged head steel plates (205). The bottom surface of each enlarged head steel plate (205) is fixedly connected with multiple inclined anchor rods (206). One end of each of the multiple inclined anchor rods (206) passes through the biodegradable fiber mesh layer (203) and the anchoring substrate layer (202) and extends into the interior of the saline-alkali improvement substrate layer (201). A uniformly distributed planting trough (207) is opened in the concrete frame (204). A grass-shrub mixed planting strip (208) is planted in the planting trough (207). The grass-shrub mixed planting strip (208) is covered with non-woven fabric (209).

2. The vegetation-concrete ecological slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biodegradable fiber mesh layer (203) is woven from polylactic acid fiber or bamboo fiber.

3. The vegetation-concrete ecological slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclined anchor (206) forms an angle with the original slope (1).

4. The vegetation-concrete ecological slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage assembly (3) includes a water collection trough (301) disposed between the saline-alkali improved substrate layer (201) and the original slope (1), and a removable filter screen (302) is installed on the top of the water collection trough (301).

5. A vegetation-concrete ecological slope protection according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both sides of the bottom of the water collection tank (301) are connected to drain pipes (303), and each drain pipe (303) has a flange (304) for connection at its end.

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