Land and sea directional drilling construction device and submarine pipeline laying system

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of land and sea directional drilling construction device and submarine pipeline laying system, the land and sea directional drilling construction device includes rack, main machine, drilling tool mechanism, guide mechanism and slurry processing mechanism, the accurate control of super-long distance borehole trajectory under complex geological conditions is realized by the combination of guide mechanism and main machine, the problem of big borehole trajectory deviation in traditional construction is solved, by setting slurry processing mechanism, hole wall stability and rock fragment removal efficiency are significantly improved, the technical bottleneck of hole wall easy collapse and big drilling resistance is overcome, in addition, by drilling tool mechanism and reaming assembly cooperate efficient main machine drive, high-quality forming and pipeline low resistance back drag to large-diameter hole are realized, the core problem of low reaming efficiency, pipeline laying difficulty in traditional construction is completely solved, so as to significantly improve the quality reliability, operation safety and operation efficiency of land and sea directional drilling construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of trenchless pipeline laying technology, specifically to a land-sea directional drilling construction device and a submarine pipeline laying system. Background Technology

[0002] With the accelerated pace of modern infrastructure construction, onshore-offshore directional drilling technology has become a core method for laying critical facilities such as submarine pipelines and cables. Against the backdrop of continuously growing energy demand and deepening marine resource development, the application scope of ultra-long-distance onshore-offshore directional drilling projects is expanding, and their construction quality and efficiency directly affect the reliability and economy of marine infrastructure.

[0003] However, current onshore and offshore directional drilling technology still faces significant limitations when dealing with ultra-long-distance projects. On the one hand, the increased frictional resistance between the drill rod and the borehole wall during ultra-long-distance advancement reduces torque transmission efficiency, resulting in insufficient effective cutting force of the drill bit. This not only severely affects drilling efficiency but can even lead to a halt in advance in extreme cases. On the other hand, in complex seabed geological conditions, such as areas with high rock hardness and unstable structures, existing technologies struggle to achieve precise control of the borehole trajectory, easily causing trajectory deviations and affecting the accuracy and quality of pipeline laying. Furthermore, existing construction equipment suffers from insufficient stability and reliability in ultra-long-distance operations, leading to frequent equipment failures and difficult maintenance, directly threatening the continuity of construction and overall progress.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a land-sea directional drilling construction device and a submarine pipeline laying system to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, one of the objectives of this utility model is: In a first aspect, this utility model provides an onshore / offshore directional drilling construction device, comprising: frame; The host includes a first drive unit and a drill pipe assembly, the first drive unit is fixed on the frame, and the drill pipe assembly is disposed at the output end of the first drive unit; A drilling mechanism includes a drill bit, a drilling rig, and a reaming assembly. The drilling rig is fixed to the end of the drill rod assembly away from the driving member. The drill bit is fixed to the output end of the drilling rig. The first driving member drives the drill rod assembly to move the drill bit forward or backward along the drilling direction. The reaming assembly is fixed to the outer wall of the drill rod assembly and is used to enlarge the borehole drilled by the drill bit. A guiding mechanism is provided at the rear of the drill bit, and the guiding mechanism is used to guide the drilling direction of the drill bit; A mud treatment mechanism is connected to the end of the drill pipe assembly away from the drill bit. The mud treatment mechanism can pressurize and deliver mud into the drill pipe assembly so that the mud is ejected from the drill bit. In one embodiment, the drill pipe assembly includes a power head slidably mounted on the frame, and the power head has a chuck inside for clamping and rotating the drill pipe. When connecting drill rods, the power head moves to the drill rod pick-up and drop-off position and uses the chuck to clamp an uninstalled drill rod. The uninstalled drill rod moves forward with the power head to dock with the installed drill rod and is installed through the chuck. When the drill pipe is removed, the chuck reverses to release the connection between two adjacent installed drill pipes, and the power head places the removed drill pipe into the drill pipe pick-up / drop position.

[0006] In one embodiment, the guiding mechanism includes a guiding probe and a receiving processor. The guiding probe is mounted behind the drill bit and is used to measure the azimuth, dip, and depth data of the borehole. The receiving processor is disposed on the frame and is communicatively connected to the guiding probe. The receiving processor is used to receive and process the azimuth, dip, and depth data of the borehole.

[0007] In one embodiment, a pullback mechanism is also included, which is disposed on the frame. The main unit is provided with a second drive member, which can drive the pullback mechanism to pull the pipeline to be laid from the entrance of the borehole to the other side of the borehole.

[0008] In one embodiment, the pullback mechanism includes a transmission assembly and a pullback head. One end of the transmission assembly is connected to the output end of the second drive member, and the pullback head is fixedly connected to the other end of the transmission assembly. The pullback head is detachably connected to the pipeline to be laid, and the second drive member can pull the pipeline to be laid into the borehole through the transmission assembly and the pullback head.

[0009] In one embodiment, a rotary joint is provided between the pullback head and the pipe to be laid. One end of the rotary joint is fixedly connected to the pullback head, and the other end of the rotary joint is detachably connected to the pipe to be laid. The rotary joint can isolate the rotational movement between the transmission component and the pipe to be laid during the pullback process.

[0010] In one embodiment, the system further includes a pipeline support mechanism comprising a support frame, a casing support frame, a temporary platform, and a back-towing support pile. The support frame is hinged to the stern of the pipelaying vessel, and the pipeline to be laid is placed on the support frame. The angle of the support frame is adjustable. The casing support frame is fixedly installed at the outlet of the borehole to support the casing, which provides guidance for the pipeline to be laid. The back-towing support pile is positioned at the location to be fixed, and the temporary platform is attached to the back-towing support pile. The temporary platform and the back-towing support pile provide support for the pipeline to be laid.

[0011] In one embodiment, the mud treatment mechanism includes a mud pump and a mud mixing tank, the mud mixing tank being capable of mixing the mud into mud, the mud pump being disposed between the mud mixing tank and the drill pipe assembly, the mud pump being capable of delivering the mud in the mud mixing tank to a delivery pipeline within the drill pipe assembly, so that the mud is ejected from the drill bit through the delivery pipeline.

[0012] In one embodiment, the mud treatment apparatus further includes a recovery tank, a sedimentation tank, and a purification component. The recovery tank is connected to a recovery pipeline within the drill pipe assembly via a pipeline. The sedimentation tank is connected to the recovery tank via a pipeline. A purification component is provided between the sedimentation tank and the mud mixing tank. The purification component is capable of filtering the mud flowing from the sedimentation tank into the mud mixing tank.

[0013] Secondly, this utility model also provides a submarine pipeline laying system, including the aforementioned onshore-offshore directional drilling construction device.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this utility model are as follows: This application provides a land-sea directional drilling construction device and a subsea pipeline laying system. The land-sea directional drilling construction device includes a frame, a main unit, a drilling tool mechanism, a guiding mechanism, and a mud treatment mechanism. Through the combination of the guiding mechanism and the main unit, precise control of the ultra-long-distance drilling trajectory under complex geological conditions is achieved, solving the problem of large drilling trajectory deviation in traditional construction. By setting up a mud treatment mechanism, the stability of the borehole wall and the efficiency of cuttings removal are significantly improved, overcoming the technical bottlenecks of easy borehole wall collapse and high drilling resistance. In addition, through the drilling tool mechanism and the hole-reaming component working together with the efficient main unit drive, high-quality forming of large-diameter holes and low-resistance pipeline pullback are achieved, completely solving the core problems of low hole-reaming efficiency and difficult pipeline laying in traditional construction, thereby significantly improving the quality reliability, operational safety, and work efficiency of land-sea directional drilling construction. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a land-sea directional drilling construction device provided for some embodiments of this application.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the mud treatment mechanism of a land-sea directional drilling construction device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the onshore ramming casing construction of an onshore-sea directional drilling construction device provided for some embodiments of this application.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the offshore ramming casing construction of a land-sea directional drilling construction device provided for some embodiments of this application.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a pipeline pullback operation for an onshore-offshore directional drilling construction device, provided for some embodiments of this application.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a land-sea directional drilling construction method provided for some embodiments of this application.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a land site layout diagram for a land-sea directional drilling construction method provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the offshore site layout for a land-sea directional drilling construction method provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0023] Figure label: 1. Frame; 2. Main unit; 3. Drill pipe assembly; 4. Drill bit; 5. Mud pump; 6. Mud mixing tank; 7. Recovery tank; 8. Sedimentation tank; 9. Purification components; 1-1. Land directional drilling; 1-2. Operation power area; 1-3. Drill pipe storage area; 1-4. Mud treatment area; 1-5. Material area; 1-6. Power distribution area; 1-7. Office area; 1-8. Safety experience room; 1-9. Parking area; 2-1. Offshore directional drilling; 2-2. Operation and power area; 2-3. Power generation area; 2-4. Drill pipe storage area; 2-5. Mud treatment area; 2-6. Mud storage area; 2-7. Pipelaying vessel; 3-1. Construction ground; 3-2. Sleeve; 3-3. Pipe tamping hammer; 3-4. Support platform; 3-5. Ground anchor; 4-1. Sea level; 4-2. Seabed mud surface; 4-3. Casing support frame; 4-4. Welding operation platform; 4-5. Guardrail; 4-6. Casing; 4-7. Pipe rammer; 4-8. Offshore directional drilling; 4-9. Pipelaying vessel; 5-1. Sea level; 5-2. Seabed mud surface; 5-3. Casing; 5-4. Towback pipe; 5-5. Casing support frame; 5-6. Towback support pile; 5-7. Temporary platform; 5-8. Hosting frame; 5-9. Pipe-laying vessel. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0025] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0026] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0027] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or a joint; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0028] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0029] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Firstly, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 This application provides an embodiment of a land-sea directional drilling construction device, which includes a frame 1, a main unit 2, a drilling tool mechanism, a guiding mechanism, and a mud treatment mechanism. The main unit 2 includes a first driving member and a drill rod assembly 3. The first driving member is fixed to the frame 1, and the drill rod assembly 3 is disposed at the output end of the first driving member. The drilling tool mechanism includes a drill bit 4, a drilling rig, and a reaming assembly. The drilling rig is fixed to the end of the drill rod assembly 3 away from the driving member, and the drill bit 4 is fixed to the output end of the drilling rig. The drill rod assembly 3 is driven by a component that moves the drill bit 4 forward or backward along the drilling direction. The reaming assembly is fixed to the outer wall of the drill rod assembly 3 and is used to enlarge the borehole drilled by the drill bit 4. The guide mechanism is located behind the drill bit 4 and is used to guide the drilling direction of the drill bit 4. The mud treatment mechanism is connected to the end of the drill rod assembly 3 away from the drill bit 4 and can pressurize and deliver mud into the drill rod assembly 3 so that the mud is ejected from the drill bit 4.

[0032] The onshore-offshore directional drilling device provided in this embodiment achieves precise control of ultra-long-distance drilling trajectory under complex geological conditions through the combination of the guiding mechanism and the main unit 2, solving the problem of large drilling trajectory deviation in traditional construction. By setting up a mud treatment mechanism, the stability of the borehole wall and the efficiency of cuttings removal are significantly improved, overcoming the technical bottlenecks of easy borehole wall collapse and high drilling resistance. In addition, through the drilling tool mechanism and the hole-reaming component working together with the efficient drive of the main unit 2, high-quality forming of large-diameter holes and low-resistance pipe pullback are achieved, completely solving the core problems of low hole-reaming efficiency and difficult pipe laying in traditional construction, thereby significantly improving the quality reliability, operational safety and work efficiency of onshore-offshore directional drilling construction.

[0033] In this embodiment, the first driving component is a diesel engine or an electric motor.

[0034] In this embodiment, the chassis of the main unit 2 is tracked or wheeled, which facilitates the movement and fixation of the equipment on the construction site and ensures stability during construction.

[0035] In this embodiment, the drill bit 4 includes a pilot hole drill bit, a reaming drill bit, and a pullback attachment. The head of the pilot hole drill bit has a guide probe hole. The head of the pilot hole drill bit is a scraper type or a roller type, which is responsible for breaking the soil to form a pilot hole.

[0036] The diameter of the reaming drill bit is larger than that of the pilot hole. The reaming drill bit is trumpet-shaped or stepped, and can enlarge the pilot hole to the required diameter by rotating in the opposite direction.

[0037] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the drill pipe assembly 3 further includes a power head, which is slidably mounted on the frame 1. The power head has a chuck inside for clamping and rotating the drill pipe. When connecting the drill pipe, the power head moves to the drill pipe pick-up and drop-off position and uses the chuck to clamp an uninstalled drill pipe. The uninstalled drill pipe moves forward with the power head to mate with the installed drill pipe and is installed using the chuck. When disassembling the drill pipe, the chuck reverses to release the connection between two adjacent installed drill pipes, and the power head places the disassembled drill pipe into the drill pipe pick-up and drop-off position.

[0038] The precise sliding of the power head on frame 1, combined with the reliable clamping and rotational drive of the drill pipe by its internal chuck, automates the drill pipe connection and disconnection process. During the drilling process, the power head automatically connects and tightens the new drill pipe with the existing drill string, enabling continuous and precise extension of the drill string. In the pullback process… The safe and efficient disassembly of the drill string is achieved through the reverse unwinding of the chuck and the precise retraction of the power head. This design completely changes the traditional operation mode that relies on manual operation, effectively solving the technical bottlenecks of low drill pipe unloading efficiency, high labor intensity, and easy mechanical injury, and significantly improving construction efficiency and safety.

[0039] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the guiding mechanism includes a guiding probe and a receiving processor. The guiding probe is installed behind the drill bit 4 and is used to measure the azimuth, inclination, and depth data of the borehole. The receiving processor is disposed on the frame 1 and is communicatively connected to the guiding probe. The receiving processor is used to receive and process the azimuth, inclination, and depth data of the borehole.

[0040] By collecting borehole data in real time through the guide probe set behind the drill bit 4, and combining the data with the receiving processor set on the frame 1 for real-time processing and analysis, the drilling trajectory can be accurately monitored and feedback controlled during the drilling process. By monitoring the deviation between the actual borehole trajectory and the designed trajectory in real time, the operator can adjust the drilling direction in a timely manner. This effectively solves the technical problem of easy deviation of the drilling trajectory under complex geological conditions for ultra-long distance drilling, and significantly improves the accuracy and quality of drilling construction.

[0041] In this embodiment, the guide probe measures the azimuth, dip angle, depth and other data of the borehole in real time, and transmits them to the ground receiver via wireless signal. The ground receiver receives the guide probe signal and converts the data into visual information, such as displaying the trajectory on the screen, so that the operator can adjust the drilling direction.

[0042] In this embodiment, the guiding mechanism also includes guiding software, which is used to process the received trajectory data, generate a drilling path diagram, and assist the operator in accurately controlling the drilling rig.

[0043] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, a pullback mechanism is also included. The pullback mechanism is disposed on the frame 1, and a second drive member is disposed on the host 2. The second drive member can drive the pullback mechanism to pull the pipeline to be laid from the entrance of the borehole to the other side of the borehole.

[0044] By coordinating the pull-back mechanism set on the frame 1 with the second drive component of the main unit 2, mechanized traction operation is realized in the pipeline laying process. In addition, the stable traction force provided by the second drive component drives the pull-back mechanism to accurately pull the pipeline to be laid into the pre-formed borehole, completing the seamless connection from drilling construction to pipeline laying. This effectively solves the technical problems of difficult docking, insufficient traction force, and low construction efficiency in traditional pipeline laying, and significantly improves the quality and efficiency of pipeline laying.

[0045] In this embodiment, the pullback mechanism includes a chain or a winch, and the second drive unit controls the chain or winch to pull back the enlarged hole and laid the pipe, outputting core torque and tension.

[0046] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the pullback mechanism includes a transmission assembly and a pullback head. One end of the transmission assembly is connected to the output end of the second drive member, and the pullback head is fixedly connected to the other end of the transmission assembly. The pullback head is detachably connected to the pipeline to be laid, and the second drive member can pull the pipeline to be laid into the borehole through the transmission assembly and the pullback head.

[0047] The power transmission system, consisting of a second drive unit, a transmission assembly, and a return tow head, enables mechanized traction operations during pipeline return. The stable power output from the second drive unit is reliably transmitted to the return tow head via the transmission assembly, ultimately transforming into a continuous and effective traction force on the pipeline. This allows the pipeline to smoothly enter and pass through the pre-drilled borehole, effectively solving the technical problems of insufficient traction force, easy pipeline jamming, and poor laying accuracy in traditional pipeline return, and significantly improving the construction quality and operational efficiency of pipeline laying.

[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, a rotary joint is provided between the pullback head and the pipe to be laid. One end of the rotary joint is fixedly connected to the pullback head, and the other end of the rotary joint is detachably connected to the pipe to be laid. The rotary joint can isolate the rotational movement between the transmission component and the pipe to be laid during the pullback process.

[0049] By installing a rotary joint between the pullback head and the pipeline to be laid, the rotational motion of the transmission system and the axial traction motion of the pipeline are effectively isolated. Through the free rotation characteristics of the rotary joint, the rotational torque generated by the transmission components during the pullback process is successfully isolated, ensuring that the pipeline only bears the axial traction force and does not undergo torsional deformation. This effectively solves the technical problems of loose threads, pipe torsion, and damage to the anti-corrosion layer caused by the torque of the pipeline, and significantly improves the safety of the pipeline pullback process and the quality of pipeline laying.

[0050] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, a pipeline support mechanism is also included. The pipeline support mechanism includes a support frame 5-8, a casing 5-3 support frame, a temporary platform 5-7, and a back-towing support pile 5-6. The support frame 5-8 is hinged to the stern of the pipelaying vessel 4-9. The pipeline to be laid is placed on the support frame 5-8. The angle of the support frame 5-8 is adjustable. The casing 5-3 support frame is fixedly installed at the outlet of the borehole to support the casing 5-3. The casing 5-3 can provide guidance for the pipeline to be laid. The back-towing support pile 5-6 is set at the fixed position. The temporary platform 5-7 overlaps the back-towing support pile 5-6. The temporary platform 5-7 and the back-towing support pile 5-6 are used to provide support for the pipeline to be laid.

[0051] The pipeline support mechanism, consisting of a support frame 5-8, a casing 5-3 support frame, a temporary platform 5-7, and a back-pulling support pile 5-6, effectively supports and precisely guides the pipeline throughout the back-pulling process. The adjustable-angle support frame 5-8 controls the pipeline's water entry curvature, the casing 5-3 support frame ensures the stability of the pipeline's seabed inlet, and the temporary platform 5-7 and back-pulling support pile 5-6 provide reliable support for the land-sea transition section. Together, they form a continuous support system from sea to land, effectively solving the technical problems of bending deformation, surface damage, and trajectory deviation that easily occur during pipeline back-pulling, and significantly improving the forming quality and construction safety of pipeline laying.

[0052] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the mud treatment mechanism includes a mud pump 5 and a mud mixing tank 6, the mud mixing tank 6 being capable of mixing into the mud, the mud pump 5 being disposed between the mud mixing tank 6 and the drill pipe assembly 3, the mud pump 5 being capable of transporting the mud in the mud mixing tank 6 to the delivery pipeline in the drill pipe assembly 3, so that the mud is ejected from the drill bit 4 through the delivery pipeline.

[0053] Through the coordinated operation of the mud mixing tank 6 and the mud pump 5, the automated preparation and precise delivery of mud are achieved. The mud mixing tank 6 completes the uniform mixing of mud components, and the mud pump 5 establishes a stable pressure to continuously deliver the performance-optimized mud to the internal pipeline of the drill pipe. Finally, it forms an effective jet through the injection hole of the drill bit 4, thereby achieving the comprehensive effects of cooling the drill bit, carrying rock cuttings, and maintaining the stability of the borehole wall. This effectively solves the technical problems of unstable mud performance, insufficient delivery pressure, and poor in-hole purification effect in traditional construction, and significantly improves drilling efficiency and borehole quality.

[0054] The mud mixing tank 6 is used to store and mix mud, adjust the mud ratio according to geological conditions (such as clay and sand) (such as adding water, bentonite, and CMC), and control the viscosity and specific gravity of the mud.

[0055] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the mud treatment mechanism further includes a recovery tank 7, a sedimentation tank 8, and a purification component 9. The recovery tank 7 is connected to the recovery pipeline in the drill pipe assembly 3 via a pipeline. The sedimentation tank 8 is connected to the recovery tank 7 via a pipeline. A purification component 9 is provided between the sedimentation tank 8 and the mud mixing tank 6. The purification component 9 can filter the mud flowing from the sedimentation tank 8 into the mud mixing tank 6.

[0056] The mud recycling system, consisting of a recycling tank 7, a sedimentation tank 8, and a purification component 9, achieves efficient recycling and reuse of construction mud. Waste mud containing rock debris is collected in the recycling tank 7, undergoes preliminary separation in the sedimentation tank 8, and then undergoes fine filtration and performance restoration through the purification component 9. Finally, the purified mud is transported back to the mud mixing tank 6, forming a complete closed loop for mud recycling. This effectively solves the technical problems of serious mud waste, large environmental pollution, and high construction costs in traditional construction, and significantly improves the environmental protection and economic efficiency of construction.

[0057] In addition, see Figures 3-8 An embodiment of this application provides a method for onshore and offshore directional drilling, which employs the aforementioned onshore and offshore directional drilling apparatus and includes the following steps: Step S1: Construction preparation and site layout. On land, the site foundation is laid out, and on the sea, a pipelaying vessel is used as the construction support vessel for site foundation layout. Step S2, Measurement and Track Control: RTK technology is used for measurement and track setting to determine the centerline of the land and offshore drilling rigs and the designed drilling trajectory. Step S3: Casing ramming construction. At the directional drilling entry and exit points on the land and sea sides, a ramming hammer is used to ram the land-side casing and sea-side casing respectively to fix the borehole and protect the drilling tools. Step S4: Construction of the pilot hole. A pilot system combining the P2 pilot instrument and the gyroscope's geomagnetic orientation control and the rotary guide RSS is used to conduct bidirectional pilot drilling from the land end and the sea end, and to achieve precise docking of the pilot hole in the predetermined docking area. Step S5: Hole reaming construction. After the pilot hole is completed, multi-stage reamers are used simultaneously from both the land and sea ends to perform graded positive reaming of the borehole and hole washing. Step S6, Hole Measurement and Repair: Use a hole inspection instrument to scan the hole wall. If a trajectory deviation or irregular hole wall is found, start the repair device to repair the hole and ensure that the hole curve is smooth. Step S7: Pipeline back-pullback. The pipeline is prefabricated on the pipelaying vessel and pulled back into the pre-formed seabed hole from the land end using the pipeline back-pullback support system. Step S8: Power supply test. Perform a natural potential test on the pipeline after it has been pulled back to evaluate the quality of its anti-corrosion coating.

[0058] The land-sea directional drilling construction method provided in this application embodiment systematically solves the technical challenges of ultra-long-distance land-sea directional drilling construction through a standardized land-sea collaborative construction system. First, precise trajectory control and bidirectional directional drilling technology ensure accurate alignment of the borehole trajectory under complex geological conditions. Second, multi-stage reaming and borehole repair processes effectively guarantee borehole quality and pipeline laying conditions. Third, an integrated pipeline pullback system achieves seamless connection between offshore prefabrication and land pullback of the pipeline. Finally, a scientific testing and verification system ensures that the project quality meets standards. This land-sea directional drilling construction method overcomes the technical bottlenecks of insufficient trajectory control precision, poor borehole stability, and difficult pipeline laying in traditional construction methods, significantly improving construction efficiency, project quality, and safety reliability, and providing a complete technical solution for ultra-long-distance subsea pipeline laying.

[0059] Specifically, step S1 is construction preparation.

[0060] A detailed survey of the construction site is conducted, including the geological conditions and topography of both land and sea areas, to obtain accurate geological data such as rock hardness and stratigraphic structure. Based on the survey data, a reasonable drilling trajectory is designed, the location and drilling direction of the drilling rig are planned, and the site layout of the directional drilling entry and exit points is completed.

[0061] See Figure 7Land Site Layout: The land directional drilling rig 1-1 is located in the core central area of ​​the entry point, with a reinforced foundation to prevent slippage and instability during pullback. It is precisely aligned with the centerline of the drilling rig to ensure the drilling direction conforms to the design trajectory. The operation and power area 1-2 is adjacent to the directional drilling rig and is equipped with a directional control room, power control station, and operating platform. It features a wireless directional control system and ground beacons to receive real-time drill bit position signals to correct the drilling direction. The drill rod storage area 1-3 is located beside the transport channel on the side of the drilling rig, where drill rods are stacked according to specifications, with reserved space for crane operations to ensure efficient and convenient drill rod connection. The mud treatment area 1-4 is equipped with mud mixing tanks, sedimentation tanks, and a recycling system, with two sets of feeding and mixing equipment to adjust the mud ratio according to the formation, achieving mud recycling and environmentally friendly treatment. The materials area 1-5 is located near the mud treatment area, storing bentonite, water loss reducers, lubricants, and other mud additives, as well as pipe fittings, and is equipped with rain and moisture protection facilities. Power distribution areas 1-6 are independently located away from the mud areas, using underground power supply and equipped with distribution boxes and emergency power generation equipment to meet the power needs of the entire site. Office areas 1-7 are located in a non-working area at the edge of the site, including the project office, supervision room, meeting room, and document room, equipped with communication equipment to ensure coordinated land and sea dispatching. Safety training rooms 1-8 are located near the entrance, equipped with emergency drill equipment, and conduct practical training on electric shock prevention and mechanical injury prevention to ensure all personnel are certified before starting work. Parking areas 1-9 are designated areas at the site entrance, separating construction vehicles from other vehicles, with a circular driveway to meet transportation needs, and a road width of no less than 3.5 meters.

[0062] See Figure 8 The offshore vessel layout is as follows: The offshore directional drilling rig 2-1 is installed at the stern of the core deck of the work vessel, precisely aligned with the land-based drilling rig, and equipped with a seabed detection adapter to ensure accurate drilling at the sea end of the guide hole. The operation and power area 2-2 is located beside the directional drilling rig, integrating the driller's control panel, directional control system terminal, and ship power coordination device to achieve linkage between drill bit operation and ship positioning. The power generation area 2-3 uses skid-mounted equipment arranged in a straight line, equipped with diesel generator sets and voltage stabilization equipment, supplying power to each work area via armored cables to meet the power needs of the complex offshore environment. The drill pipe storage area 2-4 is located in the load-bearing area at the edge of the deck, using layered fixed racks to store drill pipes, and equipped with excavators for drill pipe transfer and docking. The mud treatment area 2-5 is equipped with compact purification equipment; treated mud can be directly transported to the storage area, reducing marine pollutant emissions. The mud storage area 2-6 uses sealed storage tanks to store mud with different proportions, connected to pipelines to the directional drilling rig, ensuring a continuous mud supply during drilling. Pipe-laying vessels 2-7 operate in formation with other vessels, with a pipe-laying rack at the stern that integrates pipe welding, flaw detection, and pretreatment systems. After completing the prefabrication of pipe sections, they await towing back.

[0063] Specifically, step S2 involves measuring and laying out the lines.

[0064] Based on the directional drilling construction plan, cross-section, control piles, and leveling stakes, RTK is used for surveying and setting out. According to the design instructions (stakes) and construction drawings, the control lines of the construction site are measured and set out. The center line direction and position of the drilling rig and ground anchor are accurately measured to cross the two sides.

[0065] Specifically, step S3 involves installing the rammed sleeve.

[0066] To protect the drilling tools and pipelines, stabilize complex geological formations, and ensure precise directional drilling trajectory to prevent borehole collapse, stuck drill bits, or pipeline damage during the entry and exit stages, a casing ramming technique is employed to control the crossing of complex geological formations. Onshore construction requires traversing unfavorable strata such as rockfill and clay layers. The design utilizes a D1219×27.5mm X80 casing with a 20° entry angle, rammed for a length of 126 meters into the strongly weathered granite layer. Offshore construction, at a water depth of 8 meters, requires traversing seabed silt and sand layers. The design employs a D1219×27.5mm X80 casing with a 10° entry angle, rammed for a length of 290 meters into the strongly weathered granite layer.

[0067] See Figure 3 Onshore casing compaction: Mark the casing compaction axis on the construction ground (3-1), and fix the ground anchor (3-5) at the designed position to ensure that the bearing capacity of the ground anchor meets the pull-out resistance requirements, providing a foundation for the subsequent platform stability; build the support platform (3-4) according to the 20° entry angle, and the platform must be reliably connected to the ground anchor; lay the guide rail matching the compaction angle on the center line of the platform to ensure the accuracy of the subsequent compaction trajectory of the casing (3-2); hoist the ramming hammer (3-3) onto the guide rail of the support platform and check whether the axis of the ramming hammer and the axis of the casing are aligned; then connect and fix one end of the casing of the designed specifications (such as D1219×27.5mm X80) to the output end of the ramming hammer; start the ramming hammer (3-3) and compact the casing (3-2) into the stratum according to the set parameters; monitor the casing entry depth and verticality in real time during the process until the end of the casing enters the strongly weathered granite layer and the total compaction length reaches the design value.

[0068] See Figure 4Offshore casing tamping: The pipelaying vessel 4-9 is moored to the offshore construction area, and its position is adjusted so that the working face is aligned with the casing tamping point; at the same time, the offshore directional drilling rig 4-8, the tamping hammer 4-7, and other equipment are hoisted to the pipelaying vessel's working platform; the casing support frame 4-3 (including the pile and support beam) is driven into the seabed using the pipelaying vessel's equipment, ensuring that the pile penetration depth meets the standard (e.g., 30m), and the part above the mud surface (e.g., 8m) is firmly welded to the support beam to form a stable support structure; the welding operation platform 4-4 is assembled on the casing support frame 4-3, and the guardrail 4-5 is installed simultaneously to ensure the safety of construction personnel; the platform needs to be adjusted to an angle that matches the 10° penetration angle; the casing of the designed specifications (e.g., D1219×30mm X80) is hoisted to the platform, and the first section of the casing is connected to the tamping hammer 4-7; the tamping hammer is started and tamped at a 10° penetration angle. After each section is tamped, the next section of the casing is welded on the welding operation platform 4-4 until the total length reaches the design value.

[0069] Specifically, step S4 is the guided construction.

[0070] Step 1: At the onshore entry point, use a P2 directional drilling tool and gyroscope to drill the pilot hole to 2500m. Drilling tool assembly: 6 5 / 8 "Drill pipe (1500m) +5" 1 / 2 "Drill pipe (1000m) + P2 guidance system + gyroscope guidance system + 197 (1.75°) screw motor + 12 1 / 4 "Tricone toothed drill bit."

[0071] Step 2: Pull the drill string back to the onshore entry point, replace the rotary steerable drill string, and continue drilling to 3500m after reaching 2500m. Drill string assembly: 7 5 / 8 "Drill pipe (2500m) +6" 5 / 8 "Drill pipe (500m) +5" 1 / 2 "Drill pipe (500m) + gyroscope guidance system + rotary guidance system + 197 (1.75°) screw motor + 12" 1 / 4 "PDC drill bit."

[0072] Step 3: At the offshore entry point, based on the construction progress of the onshore entry point, use the P2 directional drilling tool to drill 1500m into the docking area. Drilling tool assembly: 7 5 / 8 "Drill pipe (1500m) + P2 guidance system + 197 (1.75°) screw motor + rotating magnet + 12 1 / 4 "Tricone toothed drill bit."

[0073] Step 4: The offshore entry point drill bit uses its P2 guidance system to locate the onshore entry point drill bit, with a docking area of ​​200m. After successful docking, the drill rods on both sides are withdrawn, and the reamer is replaced to enlarge the hole.

[0074] Specifically, step S5 is the hole enlargement construction.

[0075] First-stage propagation (pushing propagation) 22″: Propagation (pushing propagation) is carried out simultaneously from both the land entry point and the sea entry point, with a length of 2500m. Drilling tool assembly: 8 5 / 8 "S-135 drill pipe + 18" auger stabilizer + 9 5 / 8 "Mud motor + 22" forward roller cone reamer, directional drilling rig connecting drill rod.

[0076] Second-stage propagation (pushing propagation) 32″: Propagation (pushing propagation) is carried out simultaneously from both the land entry point and the sea entry point, with a length of 2500m. Drilling tool assembly: 7 5 / 8 "S-135 drill pipe + 30" auger stabilizer + 9 5 / 8 "Mud motor + 32" forward roller cone reamer.

[0077] Level 3 borehole washing: A specialized borehole washing and reaming device is installed on the offshore platform to wash the borehole across the entire 5000m crossing area. Drill string assembly: 7 5 / 8 "S-135 drill pipe + 32" dedicated hole-cutting and hole-cleaning tool + 7 5 / 8 "S-135 drill pipe."

[0078] Specifically, step S6 involves measuring and repairing the hole.

[0079] An ultrasonic hole-forming detector is used to scan the hole wall morphology. If the detection finds that the trajectory deviation exceeds 1m or there is a local protrusion on the hole wall (height ≥20cm), the hydraulic trimming device is activated to correct the trajectory in a "slow cutting and slow advancing" manner to ensure that the radius of curvature of the hole curve is ≥1500D (D is the outer diameter of the pipe) to meet the bending stress requirements of the pipe during pullback.

[0080] See Figure 5 Specifically, in step S7, the pipe is pulled back.

[0081] The pullback pipeline 5-4 enters the soil through the casing 5-3, and the casing structure is fixed by the casing support frame 5-5 to ensure guiding stability when crossing the sea level and seabed mud surface. The temporary platform 5-7 serves as a key working face for land-sea connection, and together with the pullback support pile 5-6, it provides mechanical support for the pipeline pullback, effectively coping with tidal changes and seabed geological disturbances. The angle adjustment mechanism of the pipe-laying vessel 5-8 ensures the curvature control of the pipeline entry section. The casing support frame 5-5, the pullback support pile 5-6, and the pipe-laying vessel's pipe-laying vessel 5-8 together constitute the pipeline pullback support system, forming a "cat's back" for directional drilling pullback, reducing pipeline stress during the pullback process.

[0082] Specifically, step S8 is the power supply test.

[0083] The natural potential test method is adopted, using a multimeter and copper sulfate reference electrode testing equipment to test the natural potential of the pipeline crossing section, evaluate the conductivity of the anti-corrosion layer, and assess the pipeline quality based on the conductivity.

[0084] Secondly, one embodiment of this application provides a submarine pipeline laying system, including the onshore-offshore directional drilling construction device as described above.

[0085] The subsea pipeline laying system provided in this application integrates a land-sea directional drilling device into the subsea pipeline laying system, realizing fully mechanized operation of trenchless subsea pipeline laying. The system achieves high-precision drilling and shaping through the land-sea directional drilling device, and combines a pipeline prefabrication and pullback system to achieve continuous pipeline laying. A collaborative control system ensures the synchronization and accuracy of land-sea construction, effectively solving the technical problems of low construction accuracy, difficult land-sea connection, and low operation efficiency in traditional subsea pipeline laying, significantly improving the engineering quality and construction efficiency of subsea pipeline laying.

[0086] Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications can be made thereto and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any manner, provided there is no structural conflict. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A land-sea directional drilling construction device, characterized in that, include: frame; The host includes a first drive unit and a drill pipe assembly, the first drive unit is fixed on the frame, and the drill pipe assembly is disposed at the output end of the first drive unit; A drilling mechanism includes a drill bit, a drilling rig, and a reaming assembly. The drilling rig is fixed to the end of the drill rod assembly away from the driving member. The drill bit is fixed to the output end of the drilling rig. The first driving member drives the drill rod assembly to move the drill bit forward or backward along the drilling direction. The reaming assembly is fixed to the outer wall of the drill rod assembly and is used to enlarge the borehole drilled by the drill bit. A guiding mechanism is provided at the rear of the drill bit, and the guiding mechanism is used to guide the drilling direction of the drill bit; A mud treatment mechanism is connected to the end of the drill pipe assembly away from the drill bit. The mud treatment mechanism can pressurize and deliver mud into the drill pipe assembly so that the mud is ejected from the drill bit.

2. The onshore / offshore directional drilling apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drill pipe assembly includes a power head, which is slidably mounted on the frame, and the power head has a chuck inside for clamping and rotating the drill pipe; When connecting drill rods, the power head moves to the drill rod pick-up and drop-off position and uses the chuck to clamp an uninstalled drill rod. The uninstalled drill rod moves forward with the power head to dock with the installed drill rod and is installed through the chuck. When the drill pipe is removed, the chuck reverses to release the connection between two adjacent installed drill pipes, and the power head places the removed drill pipe into the drill pipe pick-up / drop position.

3. The onshore / offshore directional drilling apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The guiding mechanism includes a guiding probe and a receiving processor. The guiding probe is installed behind the drill bit and is used to measure the azimuth, dip, and depth data of the borehole. The receiving processor is disposed on the frame and is communicatively connected to the guiding probe. The receiving processor is used to receive and process the azimuth, dip, and depth data of the borehole.

4. The onshore / offshore directional drilling apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pullback mechanism, which is mounted on the frame. The main unit is equipped with a second drive unit, which can drive the pullback mechanism to pull the pipeline to be laid from the entrance of the borehole to the other side of the borehole.

5. The onshore / offshore directional drilling apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pullback mechanism includes a transmission assembly and a pullback head. One end of the transmission assembly is connected to the output end of the second drive member, and the pullback head is fixedly connected to the other end of the transmission assembly. The pullback head is detachably connected to the pipeline to be laid, and the second drive member can pull the pipeline to be laid into the borehole through the transmission assembly and the pullback head.

6. The onshore / offshore directional drilling apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, A rotary joint is provided between the pullback head and the pipe to be laid. One end of the rotary joint is fixedly connected to the pullback head, and the other end of the rotary joint is detachably connected to the pipe to be laid. The rotary joint can isolate the rotational movement between the transmission component and the pipe to be laid during the pullback process.

7. The onshore / offshore directional drilling apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a pipeline support mechanism, which includes a pipe support frame, a casing support frame, a temporary platform, and a back-towing support pile. The pipe support frame is connected to the stern of the pipelaying vessel, and the pipeline to be laid is placed on the pipe support frame. The angle of the pipe support frame is adjustable. The casing support frame is fixedly installed at the outlet of the borehole to support the casing. The casing can provide guidance for the pipeline to be laid. The back-towing support pile is set at the fixed position. The temporary platform is attached to the back-towing support pile. The temporary platform and the back-towing support pile are used to provide support for the pipeline to be laid.

8. The onshore / offshore directional drilling apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mud treatment mechanism includes a mud pump and a mud mixing tank. The mud mixing tank is capable of mixing the mud into mud. The mud pump is disposed between the mud mixing tank and the drill pipe assembly. The mud pump is capable of transporting the mud in the mud mixing tank to the delivery pipeline in the drill pipe assembly, so that the mud is ejected from the drill bit through the delivery pipeline.

9. The onshore / offshore directional drilling apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, The mud treatment mechanism also includes a recovery tank, a sedimentation tank, and a purification component. The recovery tank is connected to the recovery pipeline in the drill pipe assembly via a pipeline. The sedimentation tank is connected to the recovery tank via a pipeline. A purification component is provided between the sedimentation tank and the mud mixing tank. The purification component can filter the mud flowing from the sedimentation tank into the mud mixing tank.

10. A submarine pipeline laying system, characterized in that, Includes the onshore and offshore directional drilling apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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