Wall-mounted assembly type thermal insulation layer device for cold region tunnel

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of wall-mounted assembly type thermal insulation layer devices for cold region tunnel, to solve the limited passive thermal insulation effect of existing cold region tunnel, and the problems of difficult installation, poor sealing, high cost, poor hot air utilization, high energy consumption of improved thermal insulation system.The device is attached to the surface of secondary lining of cold region tunnel, and is sequentially assembled by one hole unit, at least one extension unit and one tail unit, all of which are arc-shaped;At least include inner layer heat insulation layer and outer layer heating layer, the air layer forming air cavity in heating layer inside and the flow guide pipe arranged in air cavity, static air that can enhance passive thermal insulation is filled in air cavity, flow guide pipe transports high-temperature air, actively heats static air in air cavity and tunnel lining structure.The utility model realizes active and passive thermal insulation combination, can delay surrounding rock heat dissipation, actively heat, simplify installation, improve heat utilization efficiency, adapt to different low-temperature working conditions and tunnel length, effectively deal with cold region tunnel freeze damage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of thermal insulation and cold protection technology for tunnels in cold regions, specifically to a wall-mounted prefabricated thermal insulation layer device for tunnels in cold regions. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnels in cold regions are frequently subjected to sub-zero temperatures, leading to frequent frost damage that poses a serious threat to tunnel structural stability and public transportation safety. To mitigate and eliminate this problem, the most common industrial approach is to lay insulation layers. These insulation layers themselves do not generate heat; instead, they maintain the temperature of the surrounding rock by slowing down heat dissipation and reducing the impact of sub-zero airflow within the tunnel—a passive insulation measure. However, in practical engineering applications, while insulation layers can alleviate frost damage to some extent, their limited insulation performance cannot completely prevent it.

[0003] Therefore, some scholars have improved the insulation layer device to enhance its insulation performance. For example, the specification of patent ZL201810096940.3 discloses a cold-region tunnel insulation system and installation method. While this insulation system has a positive effect on mitigating frost damage, it may still have the following problems: 1. The arched insulation device in this system consists of several arch top segments, arch waist segments, arch foot segments, and arch bottom segments in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, to cover a large area in the longitudinal direction, many segments need to be spliced ​​together, resulting in numerous connecting parts, leading to installation difficulties, difficulty in sealing joints, and high structural costs. 2. This insulation system achieves its insulation effect by continuously introducing hot (cold) air. However, according to its structural diagram, when hot air is introduced into its duct, the airflow direction is longitudinal and cannot effectively flow along the tunnel circumferentially. Therefore, the arched insulation device of this system cannot effectively utilize the hot airflow to achieve a good insulation effect. 3. This insulation system requires a large amount of electrical energy to heat the air during operation, and the destination of the heated air is not specified, nor is the heated high-temperature air reused. Therefore, it consumes a large amount of energy and increases operation and maintenance costs during use.

[0004] In conclusion, single passive insulation measures are insufficient to cope with the complex and ever-changing meteorological environment of tunnels in cold regions. Effective prevention and control of tunnel frost damage urgently requires a combination of active and passive insulation measures to enhance flexibility and applicability. In addition, while achieving sufficient insulation performance, improving the ease of installation and maintenance and cost control of the insulation structure is also of great practical significance. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the present invention aims to solve the problems of limited passive insulation effect of existing cold-region tunnels and the difficulties in installation, poor sealing, high cost, poor utilization of hot air flow, and high energy consumption of improved insulation systems. It provides a wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device for cold-region tunnels that combines active and passive insulation. It is assembled by plugging together prefabricated tunnel entrance units, adjustable extension units, and tail units, and achieves active heating by efficiently transporting high-temperature air through a guide pipe.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0007] This utility model discloses a wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device for tunnels in cold regions. The insulation layer device is attached to the secondary lining surface of the tunnel in cold regions and is composed of an entrance unit, at least one extension unit, and a tail unit assembled sequentially. The entrance unit, extension unit, and tail unit are all arched and include at least one inner insulation layer and at least one heating layer superimposed on the outside of the insulation layer. The insulation layer is a heat-insulating material, and the heating layer is a sealed structure. The heating layer includes an air layer forming an air cavity and a guide pipe arranged in the air cavity. The air cavity is filled with static air that can enhance the passive heat insulation of the insulation layer device. The guide pipe is used to transport high-temperature air to actively heat the static air in the air cavity and the tunnel lining structure.

[0008] "Static air" refers to air that fills the air cavity inside the heating layer, has no active flow tendency, and is in a relatively static state. Its functions are: firstly, its poor thermal conductivity directly enhances the overall passive insulation of the insulation layer, reducing heat loss from the tunnel lining to the surrounding rock or the negative temperature environment inside the tunnel; secondly, when high-temperature air is transported in the guide pipe, it acts as a "thermal buffer medium," working in conjunction with the high-temperature air to actively heat the gas inside the air cavity and the tunnel lining structure, preventing sudden temperature rises and falls in the tunnel lining during active heating, thus synergizing with the active insulation function of the heating layer. "Located in the inner layer" uses a person inside the tunnel as a reference point, with the side closer to the person inside the tunnel being the inner side and the side farther away being the outer side; "the insulation layer located in the inner layer" means that the insulation layer is located on the inner side closer to the person inside the tunnel, while the heating layer is superimposed on the outer side of the insulation layer (the side farther away from the person). When the insulation layer device has two layers along the radial direction of the tunnel, the inner layer is the heat insulation layer and the outer layer is the heating layer; when it has three layers, the layers from the inside out are heat insulation layer-heating layer-heat insulation layer.

[0009] In this invention, on the one hand, the inner insulation layer (thermal insulation material) and the static air in the air cavity of the heating layer form a double passive thermal insulation barrier, which can effectively delay the heat dissipation of the surrounding rock, block the negative temperature airflow in the tunnel, and strengthen the passive thermal insulation foundation; on the other hand, the guide pipe in the heating layer can transport high temperature air, actively heat the static air in the air cavity and the tunnel lining structure, make up for the performance shortcomings of single passive thermal insulation, and can more comprehensively cope with the changeable meteorological environment in cold regions, and significantly reduce the probability of frost damage.

[0010] Secondly, the modular assembly design of one portal unit, at least one extension unit and one tail unit is adopted. The anti-freezing section of the tunnel can be covered by connecting the three types of units in sequence. There is no need to separate the segments such as the arch and waist, which greatly reduces the number of connecting parts. At the same time, each unit is attached to the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel for assembly, making the installation process simpler and the sealing reliability of the connection higher. This reduces the difficulty of on-site installation and reduces structural costs and later sealing maintenance costs.

[0011] Furthermore, the entrance unit, extension unit, and tail unit are all designed in an arch shape, perfectly matching the circumferential contour of the tunnel. The guide pipes in the heating layer are arranged in the arched air cavity, which can conform to the circumferential extension of the tunnel along the arched contour of the unit. This allows the high-temperature air to cover the circumferential area of ​​the tunnel more evenly when flowing in the guide pipes, avoiding the drawback of the hot air flow being limited to the longitudinal direction. This improves the circumferential heating coverage of the tunnel lining by the hot air flow, thereby optimizing the heat utilization efficiency and overall insulation effect.

[0012] In addition, this utility model indirectly reduces energy consumption through a combination of active and passive energy-saving design. Specifically, the dual passive thermal insulation barrier (insulation layer and static air) can reduce reliance on active heating and reduce energy consumption during the active heating phase. At the same time, the modular structure reduces the number of vulnerable parts. In the later stage, only a single damaged unit (such as an extension unit) needs to be replaced, without the need for overall disassembly. The operation and maintenance process is simpler, further reducing operation and maintenance costs.

[0013] According to the wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device disclosed in this utility model, the opening unit and the extension unit, adjacent extension units, and the extension unit and the tail unit are sequentially assembled and connected through a guide pipe insertion structure.

[0014] Specifically, the rear end of the opening unit and the rear end of the extension unit are provided with a flow guide pipe, and the front end of the extension unit and the front end of the tail unit are provided with a flow guide insertion pipe. The inner diameter of the flow guide pipe is adapted to the outer diameter of the flow guide insertion pipe. By inserting the flow guide insertion pipe into the flow guide pipe, the opening unit and the extension unit, the adjacent extension unit, and the extension unit and the tail unit are sequentially assembled and connected.

[0015] In this invention, the inner and outer diameters of the flow-guiding pipe at the rear end of the opening unit and the flow-guiding insertion pipe at the front end of the extension unit, as well as the flow-guiding pipe at the rear end of the extension unit and the flow-guiding insertion pipe at the front end of the tail unit, are ensured to match during factory prefabrication. The insertion design of the insertion pipe into the receiving pipe not only clarifies the specific connection method between each unit but also leverages prefabrication precision to ensure the accuracy and sealing of connections between the opening unit and the extension unit, adjacent extension units, and the extension unit and the tail unit, effectively simplifying on-site assembly operations. This avoids the installation difficulties and sealing problems caused by excessive connecting parts in traditional insulation systems, improves the assembly efficiency of the insulation layer device, and facilitates individual disassembly and assembly of units during later maintenance, further reducing operation and maintenance costs.

[0016] According to the wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device disclosed in this utility model, the diversion pipe includes a left diversion pipe and a right diversion pipe extending longitudinally along the tunnel, and a circumferential diversion pipe located inside the tunnel entrance unit and connecting the left diversion pipe and the right diversion pipe. The left diversion pipe and the right diversion pipe inside the tail unit are respectively provided with a left airflow outlet and a right airflow outlet.

[0017] In this invention, the longitudinally extending left and right guide pipes, together with the circumferential guide pipes of the tunnel entrance unit, form a complete airflow channel combining circumferential and longitudinal directions, which solves the problem in the prior art that hot airflow can only flow longitudinally and cannot cover the circumferential direction of the tunnel; secondly, the left and right airflow outlets of the tail unit can flexibly control the direction of high-temperature air, for example, during the day, the heated air is discharged to the middle of the tunnel, which helps the tunnel structure and the air inside the tunnel to store heat to cope with the low temperature at night, and enhances the active adjustment capability of the insulation structure to the tunnel environment.

[0018] According to the wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device disclosed in this utility model, the left and right guide pipes are respectively constructed as wave-shaped structures with crests and troughs, wherein the crests are located at the top of the arch and the troughs are located at the root of the arch.

[0019] In this invention, based on the aforementioned structural design, the contact area between the guide pipe and the static air within the heating layer air cavity is significantly increased. When the high-temperature air flows within the corrugated guide pipe, it can fully exchange heat with the static air within the air cavity, allowing the static air to absorb additional heat while maintaining its passive insulation function. Furthermore, the corrugated path, with crests covering the top of the arch and troughs covering the root of the arch, achieves circumferential coverage, distributing heat more evenly to all areas of the tunnel lining. This design effectively solves the problems in traditional insulation systems where "hot airflow only flows longitudinally, cannot effectively flow circumferentially along the tunnel, and is poorly utilized." It strengthens the dual effect of active heating on the air cavity and tunnel lining, and indirectly enhances the overall insulation performance of the insulation layer device.

[0020] According to the wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device disclosed in this utility model, the right-side guide pipe inside the opening unit is connected to the external heat source, allowing high-temperature air to enter and provide an active heating source to the heating layer.

[0021] In this invention, by connecting the right-side guide pipe inside the tunnel entrance unit to an external heat source, a high-temperature air heat source required for active heating is stably provided to the heating layer, ensuring a continuous energy input for the active heat preservation function. This avoids the problem of unstable active heating heat source supply in traditional systems and ensures the reliability of the active heat preservation effect in cold tunnels under low-temperature conditions.

[0022] According to the wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device disclosed in this utility model, an air check valve is provided between the right-side guide pipe inside the opening unit and the external heat source to prevent high-temperature air from flowing back from the right-side guide pipe to the external heat source. This avoids heat loss, ensures that the external heat source can be efficiently used to heat the layer for active insulation of the air cavity and tunnel lining structure, and at the same time maintains a stable airflow direction within the insulation layer, reducing unnecessary energy consumption.

[0023] According to the wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device disclosed in this utility model, the insulation layer device extends from the tunnel entrance in cold regions to the end point of the tunnel's frost-resistant section. This allows for precise coverage of the critical areas of the tunnel requiring frost protection, preventing frost damage to unprotected sections that could threaten the tunnel's structural stability, while also preventing excessive extension that could lead to waste of insulation materials and increased costs, thus balancing frost protection effectiveness with economic efficiency.

[0024] According to the wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device disclosed in this utility model, an automatic switch is provided at the left airflow outlet of the tail unit to automatically adjust the opening and closing of the left airflow outlet according to the tunnel lining temperature. This achieves intelligent airflow control without manual intervention, adapting to insulation requirements under different temperature conditions, reducing manual operation costs, and improving the system's energy efficiency and adaptability.

[0025] According to the wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device disclosed in this utility model, the number of extension units is adjusted according to the adaptability of the frost-resistant design length of the tunnel in cold regions to match the longitudinal length requirements of the frost-resistant section. This allows for flexible assembly of insulation layer devices of corresponding lengths, solving the defects of existing insulation systems that require a large number of pipe segments to be spliced ​​for longitudinal coverage and are limited by size, thus improving the applicability to tunnels in different cold regions, while avoiding excessive customization and reducing costs.

[0026] According to the wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device disclosed in this utility model, the entrance unit, extension unit, and tail unit are prefabricated in the factory according to the actual outline dimensions of the tunnel in cold regions, and are directly attached to the secondary lining surface of the tunnel on site. This not only solves the defects of existing insulation systems with multiple segment splices and difficult installation, but also ensures assembly accuracy and fit to reduce heat loss, and simplifies the on-site construction process and reduces the difficulty of later maintenance.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0028] Compared to traditional passive insulation layers that rely solely on insulation materials to delay heat dissipation, have limited insulation performance, and cannot completely prevent frost damage, as well as the shortcomings of the ZL201810096940.3 patented insulation system, this insulation layer device achieves multi-dimensional improvements through a combination of active and passive insulation and modular design. On the one hand, it uses an inner insulation layer (insulation material) and a heating layer air cavity (static air) to construct a reinforced passive insulation system. At the same time, it uses a guide pipe to transport high-temperature air to achieve active heating, forming an active-passive synergistic insulation mode. This effectively copes with complex cold environments that are difficult to resist with single passive measures, significantly improves the frost damage prevention effect, and completely solves the problems of traditional passive insulation failing to prevent frost damage and some existing improved systems not providing thorough insulation.

[0029] On the other hand, it abandons the complex structure of circumferential multi-segment (arch, waist, etc.) and longitudinal multi-segmentation of the patented ZL201810096940.3. It adopts modular assembly of one opening unit, at least one extension unit, and one tail unit, reducing the number of connecting parts and avoiding the defects of "difficult installation, difficult sealing of joints, and high cost". Moreover, the design of the arched unit attached to the surface of the tunnel secondary lining, together with the guide pipe adapted to the arched structure in the heating layer, can guide high-temperature air to uniformly cover the tunnel circumferentially, improve the utilization efficiency of hot airflow, and further make up for the shortcomings of the existing improved system of "uneven distribution of hot airflow and poor heat preservation effect". At the same time, it takes into account the convenience of installation and maintenance and the controllability of costs.

[0030] The following describes in detail the wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device for cold-region tunnels, with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings and the reference numerals. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the opening unit structure of the wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the extended unit structure of the wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tail unit structure of the wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device of this utility model.

[0036] Figure Labels

[0037] 1. Entrance unit; 2. Extension unit; 3. Tail unit; 4. Insulation layer; 5. Heating layer; 6. Air cavity; 7. Left guide pipe; 8. Right guide pipe; 9. Circumferential guide pipe; 10. Guide pipe receiving pipe; 11. Guide insertion pipe; 12. Left air outlet; 13. Right air outlet; 14. Air check valve; 15. Automatic switch; 16. Tunnel. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model discloses a wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device for tunnels in cold regions. The insulation layer device is attached to the secondary lining surface of the tunnel 16 in cold regions and is composed of an entrance unit 1, at least one extension unit 2, and a tail unit 3 assembled sequentially. The entrance unit 1, extension unit 2, and tail unit 3 are all arched and include at least one inner insulation layer 4 and at least one heating layer 5 superimposed on the outside of the insulation layer 4. The insulation layer 4 is a thermal insulation material with very low thermal conductivity, used to reduce the adverse effects of negative temperature air on the tunnel 16 structure and surrounding rock. The heating layer 5 is a closed structure. The heating layer 5 includes an air layer forming an air cavity 6 and a guide pipe arranged in the air cavity 6. The air cavity 6 is filled with static air with poor thermal conductivity, which can enhance the overall passive thermal insulation of the insulation layer device. The guide pipe is used to transport high temperature air to actively heat the static air in the air cavity 6 and the tunnel 16 lining structure.

[0040] In this invention, the inner insulation layer 4 and the static air in the heating layer air cavity 6 form a double passive thermal insulation barrier, which can effectively delay the heat dissipation of the surrounding rock, block the negative temperature airflow in the tunnel, and strengthen the passive insulation foundation. The guide pipe in the heating layer 5 can transport high temperature air to actively heat the static air in the air cavity 6 and the tunnel lining structure 16, making up for the performance shortcomings of single passive insulation, and can more comprehensively cope with the variable meteorological environment in cold regions, significantly reducing the probability of frost damage. Secondly, the modular assembly design of one entrance unit 1, at least one extension unit 2 and one tail unit 3 is adopted. Only three types of units are connected in sequence to cover the frost-resistant section of tunnel 16, without the need to separate the arch, arch waist and other subdivided segments, greatly reducing the number of connecting parts. At the same time, each unit is attached to the secondary lining surface of tunnel 16 for assembly, making the installation process simpler and the sealing reliability of the connection higher. This can reduce the difficulty of on-site installation, as well as reduce structural costs and later sealing maintenance costs.

[0041] In this invention, the insulation layer device has a multi-layer structure along the radial direction of the tunnel 16, with no fewer than two layers. Specifically, it is composed of several insulation layers 4 and heating layers 5 stacked alternately, and can be flexibly combined according to the actual cold protection needs of the tunnel 16 in cold regions. For example, when there are two layers, the inner layer is the insulation layer 4 and the outer layer is the heating layer 5; when there are three layers, from the inside to the outside, they are insulation layer 4-heating layer 5-insulation layer 4 (taking a person inside the tunnel 16 as the reference point, the side closer to the person inside the tunnel 16 is the inner side, and the side farther away from the person is the outer side).

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the opening unit 1 and the extension unit 2, adjacent extension units 2, and the extension unit 2 and the tail unit 3 are sequentially assembled and connected through a guide tube insertion structure.

[0043] like Figures 3-5 As shown, in a specific embodiment, both the rear end of the opening unit 1 and the rear end of the extension unit 2 are provided with a flow guide pipe 10, and both the front end of the extension unit 2 and the front end of the tail unit 3 are provided with a flow guide insertion pipe 11. The inner diameter of the flow guide pipe 10 is adapted to the outer diameter of the flow guide insertion pipe 11. By inserting the flow guide insertion pipe 11 into the flow guide pipe 10, the opening unit 1 and the extension unit 2, the adjacent extension unit 2, and the extension unit 2 and the tail unit 3 are sequentially assembled and connected.

[0044] In this embodiment, the inner and outer diameters of the flow-guiding pipe 10 at the rear end of the opening unit 1 and the flow-guiding insertion pipe 11 at the front end of the extension unit 2, as well as the flow-guiding pipe 10 at the rear end of the extension unit 2 and the flow-guiding insertion pipe 11 at the front end of the tail unit 3, are ensured to match during factory prefabrication. The insertion design of the flow-guiding insertion pipe 11 into the flow-guiding pipe 10 not only clarifies the specific connection method between each unit but also ensures the accuracy and sealing of the connections between the opening unit 1 and the extension unit 2, adjacent extension units 2, and the tail unit 3 through prefabrication precision, effectively simplifying on-site assembly operations. This avoids the installation difficulties and sealing problems caused by too many connecting parts in traditional insulation systems, improves the assembly efficiency of the insulation layer device, and facilitates the individual disassembly and assembly of units during later maintenance, further reducing operation and maintenance costs.

[0045] like Figures 2-5 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the diversion pipe includes a left diversion pipe 7 and a right diversion pipe 8 extending longitudinally along the tunnel 16, and a circumferential diversion pipe 9 located inside the entrance unit 1 and connecting the left diversion pipe 7 and the right diversion pipe 8. The left diversion pipe 7 and the right diversion pipe 8 inside the tail unit 3 are respectively provided with a left airflow outlet 12 and a right airflow outlet 13. The left diversion pipe 7 and the right diversion pipe 8 are respectively constructed as wave shapes with crests and troughs, wherein the crests are located at the top of the arch and the troughs are located at the root of the arch.

[0046] In this embodiment, the longitudinally extending left-side guide pipe 7 and right-side guide pipe 8, together with the circumferential guide pipe 9 of the tunnel entrance unit 1, form a complete airflow channel combining circumferential and longitudinal directions. This solves the problem in the prior art that hot airflow can only flow longitudinally and cannot cover the circumference of the tunnel 16. Secondly, the left-side airflow outlet 12 and right-side airflow outlet 13 of the tail unit 3 can flexibly control the direction of high-temperature air. For example, during the day, the heated air can be discharged to the middle of the tunnel 16, helping the tunnel 16 structure and the air inside the tunnel to store heat to cope with the low temperature at night, and enhancing the active adjustment capability of the insulation structure to the environment of the tunnel 16. Furthermore, this design significantly increases the contact area between the guide pipe and the static air in the air cavity 6 of the heating layer 5. When the high-temperature air flows in the corrugated guide pipe, it can fully exchange heat with the static air in the air cavity 6, allowing the static air to absorb additional heat while maintaining its passive insulation function. It can also achieve circumferential extension coverage by using the corrugated path that covers the top of the arch and the troughs to cover the root of the arch, so that the heat can be more evenly transferred to all areas of the tunnel 16 lining. This design effectively solves the problems in traditional insulation systems where hot airflow only flows longitudinally and cannot effectively flow circumferentially along tunnel 16, resulting in poor utilization of hot airflow. It not only enhances the dual effect of active heating on air cavity 6 and tunnel 16 lining, but also indirectly helps to improve the overall insulation performance of the insulation layer device.

[0047] like Figures 1-3As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the right-side guide pipe 8 inside the opening unit 1 is connected to an external heat source, allowing high-temperature air to enter and provide an active heating source to the heating layer 5. Specifically, a heat collection chamber can be set outside the tunnel 16 opening. This heat collection chamber can heat the internal air by absorbing solar energy, generating a high-temperature air source that meets the active insulation requirements. This heat collection chamber is directly connected to the right-side guide pipe 8 inside the opening unit 1. The heated high-temperature air can smoothly enter the heating layer 5 through the right-side guide pipe 8, and then be transferred within the insulation layer through the guide pipe system such as the left-side guide pipe 7 and the circumferential guide pipe 9, providing continuous active heating energy for the static air in the air cavity 6 and the tunnel 16 lining structure. The specific structure of the heat collection chamber can be achieved with existing technology, so it will not be elaborated here. Only its cooperation logic with the insulation layer device and its role in ensuring the stable operation of the active insulation function will be focused on.

[0048] In this embodiment, by connecting the right-side guide pipe 8 inside the tunnel unit 1 to an external heat source, a high-temperature air heat source required for active heating is stably provided to the heating layer 5, ensuring a continuous energy input for the active heat preservation function. This avoids the problem of unstable active heating heat source supply in traditional systems and ensures the reliability of the active heat preservation effect in the cold region tunnel 16 under low-temperature conditions.

[0049] like Figures 1-2 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, an air check valve 14 is provided between the right-side guide pipe 8 inside the opening unit 1 and the external heat source to prevent high-temperature air from flowing back from the right-side guide pipe 8 to the external heat source. This avoids heat loss and ensures that the external heat source can be used efficiently for the active insulation of the air cavity 6 and the tunnel 16 lining structure by the heating layer 5, while maintaining the stable airflow direction within the insulation layer and reducing unnecessary energy loss.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the insulation layer extends from the entrance of the cold-region tunnel 16 to the end of the frost-resistant section of the tunnel 16. This precisely covers the critical areas of the tunnel 16 that require frost protection, preventing frost damage to unprotected sections that could threaten the structural stability of the tunnel 16, while also preventing excessive extension that could lead to waste of insulation materials and increased costs, thus balancing frost protection effectiveness with economic efficiency.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, an automatic switch 15 is provided at the left airflow outlet 12 of the tail unit 3 to automatically adjust the opening and closing of the left airflow outlet 12 according to the lining temperature of the tunnel 16. This enables intelligent airflow control without manual intervention, which can adapt to the insulation requirements under different temperature conditions, reduce manual operation costs, and improve the energy efficiency and adaptability of the system.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the number of extension units 2 is adjusted according to the frost-resistant length of the cold-region tunnel 16 to match the longitudinal length requirements of the frost-resistant section. This allows for flexible assembly of insulation layer devices of corresponding lengths, solving the shortcomings of existing insulation systems that require a large number of pipe segments to be spliced ​​for longitudinal coverage and are limited by size. This improves the applicability to different cold-region tunnels 16 while avoiding excessive customization and reducing costs.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the portal unit 1, extension unit 2, and tail unit 3 are prefabricated in the factory according to the actual outline dimensions of the cold-region tunnel 16, and then directly fitted and assembled on-site with the secondary lining surface of the tunnel 16. This not only solves the defects of existing insulation systems with multiple segment splices and difficult installation, but also ensures assembly accuracy and fit to reduce heat loss, and simplifies the on-site construction process and reduces the difficulty of later maintenance.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, the meteorological elements of the local area where the cold-region tunnel 16 is located are first investigated to determine the frost-resistant design length of the tunnel 16 and the type of insulation material in the insulation layer device. Then, based on the determined frost-resistant design length and the actual dimensions of the cross-section of the cold-region tunnel 16, the geometric parameters of the insulation layer device are further determined. Subsequently, based on these geometric parameters, the entrance unit 1, extension unit 2, and tail unit 3 are prefabricated in the factory. During the prefabrication process, the consistency of the thickness of the heating layer 5 and insulation layer 4 of the entrance unit 1, each extension unit 2, and the tail unit 3 is strictly controlled to ensure that the thickness of the heating layer 5 and insulation layer 4 of each unit is consistent with the corresponding number of layers when the unit leaves the factory. The thickness of the heating layer 4 is exactly the same; in this way, when each unit is connected to the flow receiving pipe 10 through the flow insertion pipe 11, the heating layer 5 of the opening unit 1, the extension unit 2, and the tail unit 3 can be precisely aligned in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 16, and the insulation layer 4 can also achieve precise longitudinal correspondence, forming a seamless connection without misalignment; in actual operation, high-temperature resistant sealant or sealing gaskets can be used for further sealing treatment at the joint of each unit as needed, so that the entire insulation layer device forms a continuous and smooth overall structure in the radial direction of the tunnel 16, avoiding local heat loss due to unit misalignment or poor sealing, and further ensuring the insulation performance.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this utility model, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device for tunnels in cold regions, characterized in that, The insulation layer device is attached to the secondary lining surface of the tunnel in the cold region and is composed of an entrance unit, at least one extension unit and a tail unit assembled in sequence. The opening unit, extension unit and tail unit are all arched, and include at least one insulation layer located in the inner layer and at least one heating layer superimposed on the outside of the insulation layer, wherein the insulation layer is a heat-insulating material and the heating layer is a closed structure. The heating layer includes an air layer forming an internal air cavity and a guide pipe arranged in the air cavity. The air cavity is filled with static air that can enhance the passive heat insulation of the insulation layer device. The guide pipe is used to transport high-temperature air to actively heat the static air in the air cavity and the tunnel lining structure.

2. The wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The opening unit and the extension unit, adjacent extension units, and the extension unit and the tail unit are sequentially assembled and connected through a guide pipe plug-in structure.

3. The wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The diversion pipe includes a left diversion pipe and a right diversion pipe extending longitudinally along the tunnel, and a circumferential diversion pipe located inside the tunnel entrance unit and connecting the left diversion pipe and the right diversion pipe. The left diversion pipe and the right diversion pipe inside the tail unit are respectively provided with a left airflow outlet and a right airflow outlet.

4. The wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The left and right guide pipes are respectively constructed as wave shapes with crests and troughs, with the crests located at the top of the arch and the troughs located at the root of the arch.

5. The wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The right-side guide pipe inside the opening unit is connected to an external heat source, allowing high-temperature air to enter and provide an active heating source to the heating layer.

6. The wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device according to claim 5, characterized in that, An air check valve is installed between the right-side guide pipe inside the opening unit and the external heat source to prevent high-temperature air from flowing back from the right-side guide pipe to the external heat source.

7. The wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulation layer device extends from the entrance of the cold-region tunnel to the end of the anti-freezing section of the tunnel.

8. The wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device according to claim 1, characterized in that, An automatic switch is provided at the left airflow outlet of the tail unit to automatically adjust the opening and closing of the left airflow outlet according to the tunnel lining temperature.

9. The wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of extension units is adjusted according to the frost-resistant design length of the tunnel in the cold region to match the longitudinal length requirements of the frost-resistant section.

10. The wall-mounted prefabricated insulation layer device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The portal unit, extension unit, and tail unit are prefabricated in the factory according to the actual outline dimensions of the tunnel in the cold region, and are directly attached to the secondary lining surface of the tunnel on site.

Images