Laminated composite refractory brick with concave-convex mortise and tenon structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of laminated composite refractory bricks with concave-convex mortise and tenon structure, including by front-to-back butting combination refractory layer brick and heat insulation layer brick block, it is characterized by: the combination surface of the refractory layer brick block is equipped with several convex tenon, the combination surface of the heat insulation layer brick block is equipped with the mortise matched with convex tenon, the refractory layer brick block and the heat insulation layer brick block are combined as brick body, the side of the brick body is equipped with tenon, the other side is equipped with mortise hole matched with tenon, the tenon is also equipped with slot along horizontal direction, locking piece is equipped in the slot, the mortise hole is equipped with the notch matched with locking piece.The utility model utilizes wedge-shaped locking piece to realize mechanical interlocking in horizontal direction, replaces traditional mud slurry bonding, not only construction is convenient, connection firm, can effectively prevent brick body up and down wobble and left and right separation, also enhance the overall stability and thermal shock resistance of masonry, especially suitable for lining masonry of high-temperature industrial kiln.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of biomass composite material technology, and in particular to a layered composite refractory brick with a tenon and mortise structure. Background Technology

[0002] Refractory bricks are a key material for constructing the linings of thermal equipment such as kilns and blast furnaces, and their performance directly affects the thermal efficiency, operational safety, and service life of the equipment. To meet the dual requirements of corrosion resistance and thermal insulation in high-temperature working environments, composite refractory bricks have become the mainstream choice. These typically consist of a working layer with extremely high refractoriness and directly facing high temperatures, and an insulation layer that provides thermal insulation. In existing technologies, these composite bricks are mostly manufactured using a monolithic molding process or a modular construction method. The connection between bricks still generally relies on traditional refractory mortar bonding or simple symmetrical tenon and mortise structures. Modular construction involves making the working layer and insulation layer bricks separately before laying them together, making the construction process more complex.

[0003] However, existing technologies still have some limitations. First, regardless of whether it's integral molding or modular construction, under long-term intense thermal cycling and mechanical stress, the interface between the working layer and the insulation layer remains a weak point, posing a significant risk of delamination and spalling. Second, ordinary mortise and tenon structures or mortar bonding mainly provide constraints perpendicular to the masonry surface, which are insufficient for constraining shear stress along the masonry surface and the warping tendency of bricks caused by thermal expansion, making it difficult to guarantee the overall stability of the masonry under complex working conditions. Moreover, during construction, the surface of the masonry will be uneven, thus affecting the airtightness of the lining and the overall structural integrity. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to solve the above-mentioned problems by proposing a layered composite refractory brick with a tenon and mortise structure.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the following technical solution was adopted: A layered composite refractory brick with a tenon-and-mortise structure includes refractory layer bricks and heat insulation layer bricks joined together from front to back. The joint surface of the refractory layer bricks is provided with several protruding tenons, and the joint surface of the heat insulation layer bricks is provided with grooves that match the protruding tenons. The refractory layer bricks and the heat insulation layer bricks are combined to form a brick body. The side of the brick body is provided with a tenon, and the other side is provided with a mortise that matches the tenon. The tenon is also provided with a slot along the horizontal direction. The slot is provided with a locking element, and the mortise is provided with a notch that matches the locking element.

[0006] Specifically, the tenon is shaped as a parallelogram, a trapezoid, or a dovetail.

[0007] Specifically, the longitudinal section of the tenon is trapezoidal, and its connection root with the brick body has a rounded transition.

[0008] Specifically, the locking member has a trapezoidal longitudinal section and is inserted into the slot with its short base as the front end, perpendicular to the tenon.

[0009] Specifically, the locking member has a protruding ridge, and the slot has a sliding groove that mates with the protruding ridge.

[0010] Specifically, the top of the brick is provided with several protrusions, and the bottom of the brick is provided with pits that match the protrusions. The protrusions and the pits are evenly distributed on the top and bottom of the refractory layer brick and the heat insulation layer brick, respectively.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This invention designs the brick body as a series of separate sections, a refractory layer and a heat insulation layer, which are mechanically interlocked by serrated structures such as parallelograms, trapezoids, or dovetails on their bonding surfaces. The mechanical interlocking force assists in the bonding of materials, greatly enhancing the shear resistance between the working layer and the heat insulation layer, fundamentally reducing the risk of delamination. Moreover, the separate design reduces the reliance on complex gradient molding processes, making it more convenient for mass production.

[0012] This invention features a horizontal slot on the tenon on the side of the brick and a locking member with a trapezoidal cross-section. When the locking member is inserted, its inclined surface braces the inner wall of the mortise of another brick, eliminating the assembly gap between the tenon and the mortise and effectively preventing the brick from wobbling up and down. Moreover, the trapezoidal design opposite to the tenon has a self-locking effect, maintaining continuous compression of the connection under thermal expansion and contraction conditions. By forcibly constraining vertical displacement, it ensures that the brick surfaces are on the same plane after construction.

[0013] This invention features a rounded chamfer at the root of the tenon and the brick body. The rounded transition effectively disperses stress, preventing the tenon from breaking at the root where the stress is greatest, thus improving the reliability and durability of the tenon-mortise connection. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the brick body of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the separate brick structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the rear of the brick body of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a bottom structural diagram of the brick body of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the locking component of this utility model; Detailed Implementation

[0015] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0016] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, a layered composite refractory brick with a tenon-and-mortise structure is described. The brick body 3 is formed by joining refractory layer bricks 1 and insulating layer bricks 2 from front to back. The refractory layer bricks 1 are made of high-refractory material and form the working surface of the brick body 3, directly bearing high temperatures. The insulating layer bricks 2 are made of lightweight insulating material with low thermal conductivity and form the cooling surface of the brick body 3, blocking heat. The refractory layer bricks 1 and the insulating layer bricks 2 respectively serve to withstand high-temperature impact and provide efficient heat insulation, thus achieving specialized division of labor and optimized integration of functions within a single brick body 3.

[0017] To achieve a firm bond between the two layers of bricks, several tenons 11 are provided on the mating surface of the refractory layer brick 1. Correspondingly, grooves 21 matching the tenons 11 are provided on the mating surface of the insulation layer brick 2. The tenons 11 are parallelograms in shape. The tenons 11 and grooves 21 mechanically interlock the two layers of bricks in the horizontal plane, providing strong shear resistance and effectively preventing relative slippage between the two layers of bricks under thermal stress or external forces. Compared to planar bonding, the interlocking of the tenons 11 and grooves 21 significantly increases the interlayer bonding area and improves the bonding strength. Moreover, when assembling the two layers of bricks, the tenons 11 and grooves 21 also act as guides, ensuring quick and accurate alignment.

[0018] Furthermore, the shape of the tenon 11 can also be either trapezoidal or dovetail-shaped. A parallelogram shape, closer to a sawtooth shape, enables unidirectional locking. When assembling two layers of bricks, the tenon 11 can be slid into the groove 21 from the side or directly inserted into the groove 21, making installation convenient. A trapezoidal shape offers more stable strength, effectively preventing the tenon 11 from breaking; during assembly, simply align the two layers of bricks. A dovetail-shaped tenon 11 provides better pull-out resistance; during assembly, the tenon 11 needs to be inserted into the groove 21 from the side. One of these shapes can be chosen based on specific requirements.

[0019] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the left side of brick 3 is provided with a tenon 4, and the right side is provided with a mortise 5 that matches the tenon 4. In use, the tenon 4 is horizontally inserted into the mortise 5 on the right side of another brick 3 to form a tenon and mortise structure, which can effectively prevent brick 3 from shaking.

[0020] Specifically, the longitudinal section of tenon 4 is trapezoidal, and its connection root with the brick body 3 has a rounded transition. The rounded connection root of tenon 4 can effectively disperse the stress of tenon 4, avoid fracture at the stress concentration point of tenon 4, and significantly improve the structural strength and durability of tenon 4.

[0021] Furthermore, a stainless steel reinforcing wire can be pre-installed inside the tenon 4 along the height direction of the brick body 3 to improve the bending resistance of the tenon 4 and prevent the tenon 4 from breaking during transportation or installation.

[0022] like Figure 5 As shown, the tenon 4 is provided with at least one slot 41 along the horizontal direction. A locking element 42 is provided inside the slot 41. The locking element 42 has an isosceles trapezoidal longitudinal section and is inserted into the slot 41 with its short base as the front end. The locking element 42 inserted into the slot 41 is perpendicular to the tenon 4. A notch 51 matching the locking element 42 is provided in the mortise 5 on the right side of the brick 3. In use, the locking element 42 is horizontally aligned with the slot 41 and hammered or pushed into it. Then, the tenon 4 with the locking element 42 inserted is aligned with the mortise 5 of the adjacent brick 3 and horizontally inserted into it. During insertion, the inclined surface of the locking part 42 will tighten the inner wall of the mortise 5, thereby eliminating the assembly gap between the tenon 4 and the mortise 5. This effectively prevents the brick 3 from wobbling up and down in the vertical direction, ensuring that the two bricks 3 are on the same plane after installation. Furthermore, the trapezoidal inclined surface has a certain self-locking effect, which can continuously provide clamping force under thermal expansion and contraction conditions, maintaining the stability of the connection.

[0023] Furthermore, the surface of the locking member 42 is provided with a protruding ridge 43, and the slot 41 is provided with a sliding groove 44 that mates with the protruding ridge 43. During insertion, the protruding ridge 43 can provide guidance, allowing the protruding ridge 43 of the locking member 42 to move along the sliding groove 44. After the locking member 42 is inserted into the slot, the protruding ridge 43 will engage with the slot, forming a mechanical interlock. This can effectively prevent the locking member 42 from accidentally coming out under vibration. In addition, the interlocking of the protruding ridge 43 and the slot can also prevent the left and right layers of bricks from shaking in the horizontal direction, thus preventing the two layers of bricks from loosening during use.

[0024] like Figure 4 As shown, the top of the brick 3 has several protrusions 6, and the bottom of the brick 3 has recesses 7 that match the protrusions 6. The protrusions 6 and recesses 7 are evenly distributed on the top and bottom of the refractory layer brick 1 and the insulation layer brick 2, respectively. When laying the upper layer of bricks, the recesses 7 at the bottom can automatically align with the protrusions 6 on the top of the lower layer bricks, achieving rapid positioning, improving construction efficiency and accuracy, and also providing a certain resistance to horizontal shearing, preventing minor misalignment between the upper and lower layers of bricks. At the same time, because of its small contact surface, it will not seriously hinder necessary thermal expansion.

[0025] In this embodiment, by using a layered composite design for the brick body 3 and introducing side tenons and horizontal wedge locking mechanisms, a significant synergistic effect is achieved: First, it realizes the professional division of labor and integrated integration of the fire-resistant and heat-insulating functions of the brick body 3, fundamentally avoiding the erosion and contamination problems that may be caused by the use of metal connectors; Second, through the synergistic effect of interlayer sawtooth interlocking and horizontal wedge locking, the problems of interlayer shear separation and multidimensional displacement (including left-right separation and up-down shaking) of composite bricks are solved simultaneously and effectively without the need for refractory mortar, resulting in a firm and reliable connection; Third, the structure is convenient to construct, has high masonry efficiency, and can effectively ensure the flatness of the masonry surface; Fourth, the overall structural design combines rigidity and flexibility, providing overall stability through mechanical interlocking while allowing for slight material deformation to absorb thermal stress, thereby significantly improving the thermal shock resistance and service life of the refractory masonry.

[0026] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Those skilled in the art may find other optimizations and additional functions in this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A layered composite refractory brick with a tenon-and-mortise structure, comprising refractory layer bricks (1) and insulating layer bricks (2) joined together from front to back, characterized in that: The refractory brick (1) has several protruding tenons (11) on its mating surface, and the heat insulation brick (2) has a groove (21) matching the protruding tenons (11) on its mating surface. The refractory brick (1) and the heat insulation brick (2) are combined to form a brick body (3). The side of the brick body (3) has a tenon (4), and the other side has a mortise (5) matching the tenon (4). The tenon (4) also has a slot (41) along the horizontal direction. The slot (41) has a locking element (42), and the mortise (5) has a notch (51) matching the locking element (42).

2. The layered composite refractory brick with mortise and tenon joint structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The tenon (11) is shaped as a parallelogram, trapezoid, or dovetail.

3. The layered composite refractory brick with mortise and tenon joint structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal section of the tenon (4) is trapezoidal, and its connection root with the brick body (3) is rounded.

4. The laminated composite refractory brick with mortise and tenon joint structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The locking member (42) has a trapezoidal longitudinal section and is inserted into the slot (41) with the short bottom edge as the front end, perpendicular to the tenon (4).

5. The layered composite refractory brick with mortise and tenon joint structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The locking member (42) is provided with a protruding ridge (43), and the slot (41) is provided with a sliding groove (44) that cooperates with the protruding ridge (43).

6. The layered composite refractory brick with mortise and tenon joint structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the brick (3) is provided with several protrusions (6), and the bottom of the brick (3) is provided with a pit (7) that matches the protrusions (6). The protrusions (6) and the pit (7) are evenly distributed on the top and bottom of the refractory brick (1) and the heat insulation brick (2).

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