Tunnel smooth blasting charging tool

Abstract

The utility model discloses a tunnel smooth blasting charging tool, including the outer sleeve, the front side of outer sleeve is open setting, the inner chamber of outer sleeve is equipped with charging positioning mechanism, the rear side of outer sleeve is sealed setting, the core component (outer sleeve, worm, worm wheel, arc clamping plate etc. ) of this tool all adopts conventional metal material processing to make, simple structure, low processing cost, convenient assembly, simultaneously, the cooperation of each transmission mechanism and guide structure is stable, and the failure rate is low, need not complex maintenance, is suitable for the severe environment (such as dust, damp) of tunnel construction site, is convenient for the popularization and application in various tunnel smooth blasting engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of explosive charging technology, and in particular to a tunnel smooth-surface explosive charging tool. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel construction, smooth blasting is a key technology for achieving precise tunnel contour shaping, reducing over-excavation and under-excavation, and protecting the stability of the surrounding rock. One of its core requirements is to ensure the accurate positioning and stable attitude of the explosives within the blast hole, while ensuring a safe and efficient loading process. However, the traditional loading methods currently used in smooth blasting operations in tunnels generally suffer from the following technical defects: Insufficient accuracy in explosive loading: Traditional explosive loading relies heavily on manual hand-held explosives or simple tools for pushing. Since blast holes are typically several meters deep, manual operation makes it difficult to ensure that the explosives remain centered or in the preset position within the hole, easily leading to problems such as explosive deviation and sticking to the wall. This results in uneven distribution of blasting energy, which in turn causes poor tunnel profile formation, excessive local over-excavation, or severe damage to the surrounding rock, increasing subsequent support costs and construction risks.

[0003] Poor explosive clamping stability: Existing tools lack adjustable clamping structures adapted to explosives of different diameters, making it difficult to achieve stable clamping for smooth-surface blasting explosives (such as cartridges and pellets). During the pushing process, the explosive is prone to shaking, rotating, or even slipping, which not only affects the continuity of the charge but may also cause damage to the explosive body due to collision with the inner wall of the borehole, resulting in uneven charge density and reduced blasting effect.

[0004] The operation is inefficient and carries high safety risks: When manually pushing explosives, operators need to insert their arms or simple tools deep into the blast hole. On the one hand, it is difficult to control the pushing force, which can easily cause the explosives to get stuck or be damaged by excessive compression. On the other hand, the close proximity of the operator to the blast hole increases safety hazards if there are falling rocks or accidental friction between the explosives and the blast hole. At the same time, each charge requires repeated adjustments to the position, making the operation cumbersome and resulting in low charging efficiency, which is difficult to meet the needs of rapid tunnel construction.

[0005] In summary, existing tunnel smooth-surface blasting charging methods cannot meet the requirements of high-quality and high-efficiency construction in terms of positioning accuracy, clamping stability, operational efficiency, and safety. There is an urgent need for a charging tool that can achieve precise positioning, stable clamping, efficient delivery, and safety and reliability. Utility Model Content

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, one of the objectives of this utility model is to provide a tunnel smooth blasting charging tool.

[0007] One of the objectives of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: A tunnel smooth-surface blasting charging tool includes an outer sleeve, the front side of which is open, the inner cavity of which is equipped with a charging positioning mechanism, and the rear side of which is sealed.

[0008] Furthermore, the drug loading and positioning mechanism includes two fixing plates. The side of the two fixing plates away from the inner cavity of the outer sleeve is fixedly connected to the left and right inner walls of the inner cavity of the outer sleeve, respectively. A groove is provided on the corresponding side of each of the two fixing plates. Two arc-shaped clamps are provided between the two fixing plates, and the two arc-shaped clamps are arranged left and right.

[0009] Furthermore, sleeves are movably connected at the middle of the bottom of the inner cavity of both grooves. Worm gears are fitted on the outer walls of both sleeves and fixedly connected to them. Vertical plates are fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the inner cavities of both grooves. Worms are meshed on the top of both worm gears. The front ends of the two worms are movably connected to the rear sidewalls of the adjacent vertical plates, respectively. The rear ends of the two worms pass through the rear sidewalls of the grooves and the outer sleeves in sequence and are movably connected to them. Turntables are fixedly connected to the rear ends of the two worms.

[0010] Furthermore, both sleeves have internal threads in their inner cavities, and both sleeves have threaded rods that match their internal threads passing through their inner cavities. The corresponding ends of the two threaded rods are respectively movably connected to the side walls of the adjacent arc-shaped clamping plates.

[0011] Furthermore, outer rectangular tubes are fixedly connected to the inner cavities of the two grooves near the front and rear sides. Inner rectangular tubes are fitted into the inner cavities of several outer rectangular tubes. The other ends of several inner rectangular tubes extend into the inner cavities of adjacent outer rectangular tubes and are fixedly connected to the side walls of adjacent arc-shaped clamps. The distance that the inner rectangular tube can move within the outer rectangular tube is limited to ensure that the inner rectangular tube will never detach from the outer rectangular tube.

[0012] Furthermore, a push plate is provided at the middle of the rear side of the inner cavity of the outer sleeve, and a push rod is fixedly connected to the rear center of the push plate. A movable hole is opened at the rear center of the outer sleeve, and the rear end of the push rod passes through the inner cavity of the movable hole and is fixedly connected to the push plate.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: 1. This tool features a charging and positioning mechanism consisting of a worm gear, worm wheel, threaded rod, and arc-shaped clamping plate. Rotating the turntable drives the worm gear to mesh with the worm wheel, which in turn rotates the sleeve, causing the threaded rod to push the arc-shaped clamping plate to move precisely horizontally. This transmission structure (worm gear and worm wheel) has a self-locking characteristic, ensuring the stable position of the arc-shaped clamping plate after holding the explosive, preventing the explosive from shifting during charging. Simultaneously, the arc-shaped contact surface of the clamping plate can tightly fit against the outer wall of the explosive, ensuring that the explosive remains at the center of the borehole or the preset position during pushing, effectively preventing over-excavation and under-excavation, improving the accuracy of tunnel contour forming, and reducing damage to the surrounding rock.

[0014] 2. The spacing of the arc-shaped clamps can be flexibly adjusted by the extension and retraction of the threaded rod. Combined with the adaptability design of the arc-shaped clamps, it can stably clamp smooth explosives of different diameters (such as explosive cartridges or pellets with diameters of 25mm-50mm), eliminating the need to change special tools for different specifications of explosives, greatly improving the versatility of tools and reducing the cost of construction equipment. In addition, the sliding fit structure of the outer rectangular tube and the inner rectangular tube can not only guide the movement direction of the arc-shaped clamps and prevent the clamps from deviating, but also prevent excessive movement of the clamps from causing damage to the explosives by limiting the movement distance of the inner rectangular tube, further ensuring the stability of the explosive loading.

[0015] 3. The push rod and push plate structure located on the rear of the tool allows the operator to push the explosive along the inner cavity of the outer sleeve at a uniform speed without having to insert their arm or tool deep into the blast hole. This is convenient and the force is controllable. Compared to traditional manual pushing, it can significantly shorten the single loading time and improve loading efficiency (actual tests show that the single loading efficiency can be increased by 30%-50%). At the same time, the sealed rear design of the outer sleeve protects the internal transmission mechanism from external dust and gravel, extending the tool's service life and reducing maintenance frequency.

[0016] 4. On the one hand, the outer sleeve, acting as a protective carrier, prevents operators from directly contacting the inside of the blast hole, reducing risks such as falling debris and friction from explosives. On the other hand, the stable clamping of the arc-shaped clamp and the uniform pushing of the pusher plate prevent the explosives from slipping or breaking during the pushing process, avoiding safety hazards caused by damage to the explosives. Furthermore, throughout the entire operation, operators only need to adjust the clamping position using a turntable and push the explosives using the pusher plate from the outside of the blast hole, ensuring a safe operating distance and further reducing construction safety risks.

[0017] 5. The core components of this tool (outer sleeve, worm gear, worm wheel, arc-shaped clamp, etc.) are all made of conventional metal materials, with simple structure, low processing cost, and convenient assembly. At the same time, the cooperation between each transmission mechanism and the guide structure is stable, with a low failure rate and no need for complicated maintenance. It is suitable for the harsh environment of tunnel construction sites (such as dust and humidity) and is easy to promote and apply in various tunnel smooth blasting projects.

[0018] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of this utility model. In order to better understand the technical means of this utility model and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of this embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the component's drug loading and positioning mechanism in this embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the groove in the component of this embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the worm gear component in this embodiment.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Outer sleeve; 2. Worm gear; 3. Push rod; 4. Push plate; 5. Turntable; 6. Fixing plate; 7. Outer rectangular tube; 8. Vertical plate; 9. Worm wheel; 10. Threaded rod; 11. Push plate; 12. Arc-shaped clamp; 13. Sleeve; 14. Inner rectangular tube; 15. Groove. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0022] It should be noted that when a component is described as "fixed to" another component, it can be directly on the other component or may have a component in between. When a component is considered "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or may have a component in between. When a component is considered "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or may have a component in between. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0024] This embodiment takes the smooth blasting construction of a Class V surrounding rock section of a highway tunnel as an example. This construction section requires drilling smooth blasting holes with a diameter of 42mm and a depth of 3.5m, using emulsion explosive cartridges with a diameter of 32mm (single cartridge length 200mm). Precise loading is achieved through the tunnel smooth blasting loading tool (components are labeled as follows: outer sleeve 1, worm gear 2, push rod 3, push plate 4, turntable 5, fixing plate 6, outer rectangular cylinder 7, vertical plate 8, worm wheel 9, threaded rod 10, push plate 11, arc-shaped clamp 12, sleeve 13, inner rectangular cylinder 14, groove 15). The specific operation process is as follows: I. Initial tool status check and preparation Check the connection status of each component of the tool: confirm that the front opening of the outer sleeve 1 (made of seamless steel pipe with a wall thickness of 3mm, length of 3.8m, inner diameter of 45mm, and adapted to 42mm blast holes) is free from deformation and the rear seal is undamaged; the push rod 3 (round steel with a diameter of 12mm and a length of 4m) is firmly welded to the push plate 11 (round steel plate with a diameter of 44mm and rounded edges), and the push rod 3 can slide smoothly along the movable hole on the rear side of the outer sleeve 1 without jamming.

[0025] Confirm the initial position of the clamping mechanism: The two arc-shaped clamping plates 12 (arc radius 16mm, suitable for 32mm explosive cartridges, with 1mm thick rubber pads pasted on the inner wall of the clamping plates to increase friction and avoid damage to the cartridges) are initially spaced 50mm apart. The outer rectangular tube 7 (rectangular steel tube with an inner diameter of 20mm×20mm and a length of 80mm) and the inner rectangular tube 14 (rectangular steel tube with an outer diameter of 19mm×19mm and a length of 120mm) are partially nested, and the inner rectangular tube 14 has not detached from the outer rectangular tube 7. The worm gear 2 (module 2, number of heads 1) and the worm wheel 9 (module 2, number of teeth 30) mesh normally. The turntable 5 (diameter 60mm, with anti-slip texture on the edge) rotates flexibly without jamming.

[0026] II. Adjustment of the explosive clamping mechanism The operator holds the middle of the outer sleeve 1 with both hands and aligns the area between the two arc-shaped clamps 12 with the explosive cartridge to be loaded; another person rotates the two turntables 5 on the back of the outer sleeve 1 (one on the left and one on the right, corresponding to the left and right arc-shaped clamps 12 respectively). When the turntables 5 are rotated clockwise, the turntables 5 drive the worm gear 2 to rotate around its own axis (the front end of the worm gear 2 is movably connected to the rear wall of the vertical plate 8 through a bearing, and the rear end passes through the rear wall of the outer sleeve 1 through a sealed bearing to ensure stable rotation and dust prevention).

[0027] When the worm 2 rotates, it meshes with the worm wheel 9 and rotates synchronously (the worm wheel 9 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the sleeve 13, and the sleeve 13 is movably connected to the middle of the bottom of the inner cavity of the groove 15 through the bearing. The groove 15 is opened on the inner side of the fixing plate 6, and the fixing plate 6 is welded and fixed to the left and right inner walls of the inner cavity of the outer sleeve 1, parallel to the axis of the outer sleeve 1). The sleeve 13 rotates with the worm wheel 9, and the internal thread of its inner cavity forms a threaded transmission with the threaded rod 10 (diameter 16mm, length 150mm, external thread matching the internal thread of the sleeve 13), pushing the threaded rod 10 to move horizontally toward the axis of the outer sleeve 1.

[0028] The front end of the threaded rod 10 is movably connected to the side wall of the arc-shaped clamp 12 via a universal joint, driving the arc-shaped clamp 12 to move synchronously; at the same time, the inner rectangular tube 14 connected to the rear and front sides of the arc-shaped clamp 12 slides along the inner cavity of the outer rectangular tube 7 (the outer rectangular tube 7 is welded and fixed to the front and rear sides of the inner cavity of the groove 15, parallel to the threaded rod 10), guiding the movement direction of the arc-shaped clamp 12 and preventing the clamp from deviating.

[0029] Continue rotating the turntable 5 until the rubber pads on the inner walls of the two arc-shaped clamping plates 12 are tightly fitted to the outer wall of the explosive cartridge. At this point, the cartridge is stably clamped (the clamping force should be such that the cartridge does not loosen or deform). Since the transmission structure of the worm gear 2 and the worm wheel 9 has a self-locking characteristic, after the turntable 5 is stopped, the position of the arc-shaped clamping plates 12 remains fixed, and the cartridge can be prevented from slipping without the need for an additional locking mechanism.

[0030] III. Explosives Delivery Operation An operator holds the outer casing 1 with both hands, aligns the front opening of the outer casing 1 with the drilled smooth blasting hole, and slowly sends the front end of the outer casing 1 into the blasting hole until the front end of the outer casing 1 is 500mm away from the bottom of the blasting hole (the preset charging position is confirmed by the length scale engraved on the outer wall of the outer casing 1).

[0031] Another operator stands outside the blast hole, presses the push plate 4 with both hands (the push plate 4 is a circular steel plate with a diameter of 100mm and a non-slip handle on the back), and pushes the push rod 3 to move forward along the axis of the outer sleeve 1; the push rod 3 drives the push plate 11 to move forward in sync, and the front end of the push plate 11 contacts the rear end of the explosive cartridge, and applies the thrust at a uniform speed (the thrust is controlled at 50-80N to avoid excessive thrust from damaging the cartridge).

[0032] During the pushing process, due to the stable clamping of the cartridge by the arc-shaped clamping plate 12 and the guiding effect of the outer rectangular tube 7 and the inner rectangular tube 14, the cartridge always remains coaxial with the axis of the outer sleeve 1, without any offset, rotation or sticking to the wall; when the push plate 4 pushes the push rod 3 to the preset scale (the scale on the outer wall of the outer sleeve 1 shows that the push rod 3 has moved forward 3m), the cartridge is pushed to the preset depth in the borehole (500mm from the bottom of the hole), completing the loading of a single cartridge.

[0033] If multiple rolls of medicine need to be loaded continuously, the curved clamp 12 can be kept in a clamping state on the loaded rolls, and new rolls can be added from the rear opening of the outer sleeve 1, so that the new rolls are in close contact with the loaded rolls. The above clamping and pushing steps can be repeated to achieve continuous loading without frequent disassembly of tools.

[0034] IV. Tool Reset and Retrieval After the drug is loaded, the two turntables 5 are rotated counterclockwise, which drives the worm gear 2 to rotate in the opposite direction. The worm wheel 9 and the sleeve 13 rotate in the opposite direction synchronously. The threaded rod 10 moves horizontally away from the axis of the outer sleeve 1, and the arc-shaped clamp 12 is released and disengaged from the outer wall of the drug roll.

[0035] The operator slowly pulls the push plate 4 backward, causing the push rod 3 and the push plate 11 to return to the rear side of the outer sleeve 1; then the outer sleeve 1 is slowly pulled out of the blast hole to complete a single charging operation.

[0036] Clean the dust and impurities from the tool surface, and check that all parts are intact (such as whether the rubber pad of the arc-shaped clamp 12 is damaged, and whether the worm 2 and worm wheel 9 mesh normally). After confirming that everything is in order, store the tool in the special toolbox for future use.

[0037] This embodiment solves the problems of inaccurate positioning and low efficiency of traditional manual charging by designing the tool's structure. In actual construction, the charging time for a single charge is reduced from 2-3 minutes to less than 1 minute, and the positioning deviation of the charge cartridge is controlled within ±2mm. This greatly improves the charging accuracy and construction efficiency of tunnel smooth blasting, while reducing the risk of direct contact between operators and blast holes and ensuring construction safety.

[0038] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on this utility model shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

Claims

1. A tunnel smooth-surface blasting charging tool, including an outer casing (1), characterized in that: The front side of the outer sleeve (1) is open, the inner cavity of the outer sleeve (1) is provided with a drug positioning mechanism, and the rear side of the outer sleeve (1) is sealed.

2. The tunnel smooth blasting charging tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drug loading and positioning mechanism includes two fixing plates (6). The two fixing plates (6) are fixedly connected to the left and right inner walls of the outer sleeve (1) respectively on the side away from the inner cavity of the outer sleeve (1). The two fixing plates (6) are provided with grooves (15) on the corresponding side. Two arc-shaped clamps (12) are provided between the two fixing plates (6). The two arc-shaped clamps (12) are arranged on the left and right.

3. The tunnel smooth blasting charging tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: Sleeves (13) are movably connected to the middle of the bottom of the inner cavity of the two grooves (15). Worm gears (9) are fitted on the outer walls of the two sleeves (13) and fixedly connected to them. Vertical plates (8) are fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the inner cavity of the two grooves (15). Worms (2) are meshed on the top of the two worm gears (9). The front ends of the two worms (2) are movably connected to the rear side walls of the adjacent vertical plates (8). The rear ends of the two worms (2) pass through the rear side walls of the grooves (15) and the outer sleeves (1) in sequence and are movably connected to them. Turntables (5) are fixedly connected to the rear ends of the two worms (2).

4. The tunnel smooth blasting charging tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: Both sleeves (13) have internal threads in their inner cavities, and both sleeves (13) have threaded rods (10) that match their internal threads passing through their inner cavities. The corresponding ends of the two threaded rods (10) are respectively movably connected to the side walls of the adjacent arc-shaped clamps (12).

5. The tunnel smooth blasting charging tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner cavities of the two grooves (15) are fixedly connected to the outer rectangular tubes (7) near the front and rear sides. The inner cavities of the outer rectangular tubes (7) are fitted with inner rectangular tubes (14). The other ends of the inner rectangular tubes (14) extend out of the inner cavity of the adjacent outer rectangular tubes (7) and are fixedly connected to the side wall of the adjacent arc-shaped clamps (12). The distance that the inner rectangular tubes (14) can move within the outer rectangular tubes (7) is limited, ensuring that the inner rectangular tubes (14) will never detach from the outer rectangular tubes (7).

6. The tunnel smooth-surface blasting charging tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: A push plate (11) is provided at the middle of the rear side of the inner cavity of the outer sleeve (1). A push rod (3) is fixedly connected to the center of the rear side of the push plate (11). An movable hole is opened at the center of the rear side of the outer sleeve (1). The rear end of the push rod (3) passes through the inner cavity of the movable hole and is fixedly connected to the push plate (4).

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