Power supply with no heat generation

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of power supply with not hot characteristics, including overvoltage protection circuit, first transformer, second transformer, rectifier circuit, power conversion and isolation circuit, auxiliary power supply circuit and output filter and voltage stabilizing circuit, overvoltage protection circuit and first transformer form π type electromagnetic interference filter network, for inhibiting high-frequency noise interference into the power conversion and isolation circuit, reduce the energy loss of the power conversion and isolation circuit;Output filter and voltage stabilizing circuit and power conversion and isolation circuit form switching mode DC-DC converter main circuit, switching mode DC-DC converter main circuit uses high-frequency switch and stores energy in inductance in the form of magnetic field;Switching mode DC-DC converter main circuit uses current sampling network to carry out feedback regulation. It can reduce the loss of power supply in energy conversion process, so that power supply does not heat when working.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power supply technology, and in particular to a power supply with non-heating characteristics. Background Technology

[0002] A power source is a device or system that non-destructively obtains electrical energy from the external environment or existing power system and converts it into usable power. In the rail transit sector, low-voltage electrical equipment such as lights, air conditioners, displays, and charging switches inside the carriages all require power from a power source. The mainstream power source method in the current rail transit sector is contact power collection. High-speed trains collect power through a pantograph on the roof that slides into contact with the overhead contact network, while subways or light rails collect power through a current collector shoe on the side that contacts the conductive rail beside the track. The high-voltage electrical signal is then converted into a usable power signal by contacting the pantograph or current collector shoe.

[0003] However, due to energy losses during the energy conversion process, existing power supplies generally generate heat during operation. This heat can cause a series of technical problems and safety hazards, especially in high-power applications such as high-speed rail and subways. For example, the conductor resistance increases with the temperature of the power supply, forming a positive feedback loop that reduces conduction efficiency and shortens the lifespan of semiconductor devices. Increased power supply temperature accelerates the aging of insulating materials, which may lead to partial discharge or breakdown. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the objective of this utility model is to provide a power supply with non-heating characteristics, which can reduce the loss of power supply in the energy conversion process and make the power supply not heat up when working.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is: a power supply with non-heating characteristics, including voltage dividing capacitors, overvoltage protection circuit, first transformer, second transformer, rectifier circuit, power conversion and isolation circuit, auxiliary power supply circuit, and output filtering and voltage regulation circuit, wherein:

[0006] A high-voltage input terminal is provided above the voltage-dividing capacitor; a built-in voltage equalizing ring is connected to the bottom of the high-voltage terminal; the built-in voltage equalizing ring is connected to the voltage-dividing capacitor; the voltage-dividing capacitor is connected to the overvoltage protection circuit; the overvoltage protection circuit is connected to the primary winding of the first transformer and the primary winding of the second transformer; the secondary winding of the first transformer is connected to the rectifier circuit; the secondary winding of the second transformer is connected to the power conversion and isolation circuit; the rectifier circuit is connected to the power conversion and isolation circuit and the output filtering and voltage regulation circuit; the auxiliary power supply circuit is connected to the power conversion and isolation circuit and the output filtering and voltage regulation circuit.

[0007] The overvoltage protection circuit and the first transformer form a π-type electromagnetic interference filtering network to suppress high-frequency noise interference from entering the power conversion and isolation circuit and reduce the energy loss of the power conversion and isolation circuit.

[0008] The output filtering and voltage regulation circuit and the power conversion and isolation circuit form the main circuit of the switching DC-DC converter. The main circuit of the switching DC-DC converter uses a high-frequency transistor switch to store energy in the inductor in the form of a magnetic field. The main circuit of the switching DC-DC converter uses a current sampling network for feedback regulation.

[0009] Furthermore, the overvoltage protection circuit includes a first varistor, a second varistor, a third varistor, a fourth varistor, a first capacitor, a fifth capacitor, an eighth capacitor, a twelfth capacitor, and a twenty-first capacitor, wherein:

[0010] The voltage divider capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the first varistor, the first terminal of the first capacitor, and the primary winding of the first transformer; the second terminal of the first varistor is connected to the second terminal of the first capacitor, the first terminal of the second varistor, and the first terminal of the fifth capacitor; the second terminal of the second varistor is connected to the second terminal of the fifth capacitor, the first terminal of the third varistor, and the first terminal of the eighth capacitor; the second terminal of the third varistor is connected to the second terminal of the eighth capacitor, the first terminal of the fourth varistor, the first terminal of the twelfth capacitor, the primary winding of the first transformer, and the primary winding of the second transformer; the second terminal of the fourth varistor is connected to the second terminal of the twelfth capacitor, the primary winding of the second transformer, and the high-voltage ground terminal; the secondary winding of the first transformer is connected to the first terminal of the twenty-first capacitor and the second terminal of the twenty-first capacitor.

[0011] Furthermore, the rectifier circuit includes a first diode, a second diode, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, and a third bidirectional breakdown diode, wherein:

[0012] The secondary winding of the first transformer is connected to the anode of the first diode, the cathode of the second diode, the cathode of the fourth diode, and the anode of the fifth diode; the anode of the first diode is connected to the cathode of the second diode; the cathode of the first diode is connected to the cathode of the fifth diode, the first terminal of the second capacitor, the first terminal of the third capacitor, the first terminal of the third bidirectional breakdown diode, and the output terminal of the rectifier circuit; the anode of the second diode is grounded to the anode of the fourth diode, the second terminal of the second capacitor, the second terminal of the third capacitor, and the second terminal of the third bidirectional breakdown diode.

[0013] Furthermore, the output filtering and voltage regulation circuit includes a switching regulator, an eleventh resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a fifteenth resistor, a sixteenth resistor, a first inductor, a fourteenth diode, a thirteenth capacitor, a fourteenth capacitor, a fifteenth capacitor, a sixteenth capacitor, a seventeenth capacitor, an eighteenth capacitor, and a twentieth capacitor, wherein:

[0014] The output terminal of the rectifier circuit is connected to the input terminal of the switching regulator, the first terminal of the seventeenth capacitor, and the first terminal of the eighteenth capacitor; the enable terminal of the switching regulator is connected to the first terminal of the fourteenth resistor; the feedback terminal of the switching regulator is connected to the first terminal of the sixteenth resistor, the second terminal of the twentieth capacitor, and the second terminal of the fifteenth resistor; the bootstrap terminal of the switching regulator is connected to the first terminal of the thirteenth capacitor; the second terminal of the thirteenth capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the eleventh resistor, the first terminal of the first inductor, the cathode of the fourteenth diode, and the switching terminal of the switching regulator; the second terminal of the eleventh resistor is connected to the first terminal of the twentieth capacitor and the first terminal of the fourteenth capacitor; the second terminal of the first inductor is connected to the second terminal of the fourteenth capacitor, the first terminal of the fifteenth resistor, the first terminal of the fifteenth capacitor, the first terminal of the sixteenth capacitor, and the output terminal of the output filter and voltage regulator circuit; the second terminal of the seventeenth capacitor is grounded to the first terminal of the eighteenth capacitor, the second terminal of the fourteenth resistor, the second terminal of the sixteenth resistor, the anode of the fourteenth diode, the second terminal of the fifteenth capacitor, and the second terminal of the sixteenth capacitor.

[0015] Furthermore, the auxiliary power supply circuit includes a first NPN transistor, a first resistor, a fourth capacitor, and a sixth diode, wherein:

[0016] The output terminal of the output filtering and voltage regulation circuit is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor and the collector of the first NPN transistor; the second terminal of the first resistor is connected to the first terminal of the fourth capacitor, the cathode of the sixth diode, and the base of the first NPN transistor; the second terminal of the fourth capacitor is grounded to the anode of the sixth diode; and the emitter of the first NPN transistor is connected to the output terminal of the auxiliary power supply circuit.

[0017] Furthermore, the power conversion and isolation circuit includes an operational amplifier, a second resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a ninth diode, a tenth diode, an eleventh diode, a twelfth diode, a thirteenth diode, a fifteenth diode, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, a ninth capacitor, a tenth capacitor, a nineteenth capacitor, a first adjustable resistor, a second NPN transistor, and a three-terminal adjustable shunt parallel voltage regulator, wherein:

[0018] The secondary winding of the second transformer is connected to the first terminal of the sixth resistor; the second terminal of the sixth resistor is connected to the first terminal of the seventh resistor, the cathode of the twelfth diode, the first terminal of the fifth resistor, and the anode of the tenth diode; the second terminal of the fifth resistor is connected to the first terminal of the eleventh capacitor, the cathode of the tenth diode, and the first positive input terminal of the operational amplifier; the first negative input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the first output terminal of the operational amplifier and the anode of the ninth diode; the cathode of the ninth diode is connected to the first terminal of the sixth capacitor and the anode of the fifteenth diode; the cathode of the fifteenth diode is connected to the first terminal of the seventh capacitor and the first terminal of the first adjustable resistor; the sliding terminal of the first adjustable resistor is connected to the first terminal of the eighth resistor and the second positive input terminal of the operational amplifier; the second terminal of the eighth resistor is connected to the cathode of the eleventh diode; the anode of the eleventh diode is connected to the second output terminal of the operational amplifier and the anode of the thirteenth diode; the cathode of the thirteenth diode is connected to the first terminal of the twelfth resistor, the first terminal of the nineteenth capacitor, and the first terminal of the tenth resistor. Connections are made as follows: the second terminal of the tenth resistor is connected to the first terminal of the thirteenth resistor and the base of the second NPN transistor; the collector of the second NPN transistor is connected to the first terminal of the ninth resistor; the second terminal of the ninth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the rectifier circuit; the second negative input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor; the second terminal of the fourth resistor is connected to the cathode of the three-terminal adjustable shunt parallel regulator, the second terminal of the second resistor, the reference terminal of the three-terminal adjustable shunt parallel regulator, and the first terminal of the tenth capacitor; the operational amplifier... The power supply terminal is connected to the first terminal of the ninth resistor, the output terminal of the auxiliary power supply circuit, and the first terminal of the second resistor; the second terminal of the seventh resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the twelfth diode, the second terminal of the eleventh capacitor, the second terminal of the sixth capacitor, the second terminal of the seventh capacitor, the second terminal of the ninth capacitor, the second terminal of the first adjustable resistor, the second terminal of the twelfth resistor, the second terminal of the nineteenth capacitor, the second terminal of the thirteenth resistor, the emitter of the second NPN transistor, the second terminal of the tenth capacitor, and the anode of the three-terminal adjustable shunt parallel regulator is grounded.

[0019] Furthermore, the first transformer and the second transformer adopt a segmented winding method, forming a half-magnetic flux loop in the middle column of the first transformer and the second transformer.

[0020] Furthermore, the π-type electromagnetic interference filter network includes a first capacitor, a first transformer, and a twenty-first capacitor.

[0021] Furthermore, the main circuit of the switching DC-DC converter includes a first inductor, a second NPN transistor, a fifteenth resistor, and a sixteenth resistor. The fifteenth and sixteenth resistors constitute a current sampling network. The second NPN transistor stores energy in the first inductor in the form of a magnetic field through periodic conduction.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model proposes a power supply with non-heating characteristics. By forming a semi-magnetic flux loop in the middle column of the transformer through a segmented winding method, magnetic saturation of the transformer is avoided, reducing the heat generation of the power supply. A π-type electromagnetic interference filter network is used to suppress high-frequency noise interference from entering the power conversion and isolation circuit, reducing the energy loss of the power conversion and isolation circuit. By using a transistor high-frequency switch, energy is stored in the inductor in the form of a magnetic field, reducing energy loss. By using a current sampling network to provide feedback regulation of the inductor current, the duty cycle can be quickly adjusted when the load changes, avoiding overload heating. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a power supply with non-heating characteristics according to this utility model.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power supply with non-heating characteristics according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure Descriptions: 1. High-voltage input terminal; 2. Equalizing ring; 3. Voltage divider capacitor; 4. Circuit board protective shell; 5. Circuit board; 6. Load socket; RV1, First varistor; RV2, Second varistor; RV3, Third varistor; RV4, Fourth varistor; C1, First capacitor; C5, Fifth capacitor; C8, Eighth capacitor; C12, Twelfth capacitor; C21, Twenty-first capacitor; D1, First diode; D2, Second diode; D4, Fourth diode; D5, Fifth diode; C2, Second capacitor; C3, Third capacitor; D3, Third bidirectional breakdown diode; U3 Switching regulator; R11, eleventh resistor; R14, fourteenth resistor; R15, fifteenth resistor; R16, sixteenth resistor; L1, first inductor; D14, fourteenth diode; C13, thirteenth capacitor; C14, fourteenth capacitor; C15, fifteenth capacitor; C16, sixteenth capacitor; C17, seventeenth capacitor; C18, eighteenth capacitor; C20, twentieth capacitor; Q1, first NPN transistor; R1, first resistor; C4, fourth capacitor; D6, sixth diode; U1, operational amplifier; R2, second resistor; R4, fourth resistor; R5, fifth resistor; R 6. Sixth resistor; R7. Seventh resistor; R8. Eighth resistor; R9. Ninth resistor; R10. Tenth resistor; R12. Twelfth resistor; R13. Thirteenth resistor; D9. Ninth diode; D10. Tenth diode; D11. Eleventh diode; D12. Twelfth diode; D13. Thirteenth diode; D15. Fifteenth diode; C6. Sixth capacitor; C7. Seventh capacitor; C9. Ninth capacitor; C10. Tenth capacitor; C19. Nineteenth capacitor; RP1. First adjustable resistor; Q2. Second NPN transistor; U2. Three-terminal adjustable shunt parallel voltage regulator; VIN. Output terminal of rectifier circuit; V28V, output terminal of output filter and voltage regulator circuit; VCC, output terminal of auxiliary power supply circuit; RON, enable terminal of switching regulator; FB, feedback terminal of switching regulator; BST, bootstrap terminal of switching regulator; SW, switching terminal of switching regulator; IN1-, first negative input terminal of operational amplifier; IN1+, first positive input terminal of operational amplifier; IN2-, second negative input terminal of operational amplifier; IN2+, second positive input terminal of operational amplifier; OUT1, first output terminal of operational amplifier; OUT2, second output terminal of operational amplifier. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0028] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of embodiments of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0029] In this embodiment of the invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this embodiment of the invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] Reference Figure 2 A power supply with non-heating characteristics includes a voltage divider capacitor 3, a high-voltage input terminal 1 vertically disposed above the voltage divider capacitor 3, the top of the high-voltage input terminal 1 being in contact with the high-voltage input, and a built-in voltage equalizing ring 2 connected to the bottom of the high-voltage input terminal 1, the voltage equalizing ring 2 being connected to the voltage divider capacitor 3; a circuit board protective shell 4 disposed below the voltage divider capacitor 3, a circuit board 5 disposed inside the circuit board protective shell 4, the circuit board 5 being electrically connected to the voltage divider capacitor 3; a load socket 6 disposed on the side of the circuit board protective shell 4, the load socket 6 being electrically connected to the circuit board 5.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 Circuit board 4 includes an overvoltage protection circuit, a first transformer BK1, a second transformer BK2, a rectifier circuit, a power conversion and isolation circuit, an auxiliary power supply circuit, and an output filtering and voltage regulation circuit, wherein:

[0032] The voltage divider capacitor 4 is connected to the input of the overvoltage protection circuit; the output of the overvoltage protection circuit is connected to the primary winding of the first transformer BK1 and the primary winding of the second transformer BK2 respectively; the secondary winding of the first transformer BK1 is connected to the input of the rectifier circuit; the output VIN of the rectifier circuit is connected to the input of the output filter and voltage regulator circuit and the second input of the power conversion and isolation circuit; the output V28V of the output filter and voltage regulator circuit is connected to the input of the auxiliary power supply circuit; the output VCC of the auxiliary power supply circuit is connected to the power supply terminal of the power conversion and isolation circuit; the secondary winding of the second transformer BK2 is connected to the first input of the power conversion and isolation circuit; the output of the power conversion and isolation circuit is connected to the input of the power conversion and isolation circuit, forming feedback control.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the overvoltage protection circuit includes a first varistor RV1, a second varistor RV2, a third varistor RV3, a fourth varistor RV4, a first capacitor C1, a fifth capacitor C5, an eighth capacitor C8, a twelfth capacitor C12, and a twenty-first capacitor C21, wherein:

[0034] The voltage divider capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the first varistor RV1, the first terminal of the first capacitor C1, and the primary winding of the first transformer BK1; the second terminal of the first varistor RV1 is connected to the second terminal of the first capacitor C1, the first terminal of the second varistor RV2, and the first terminal of the fifth capacitor C5; the second terminal of the second varistor RV2 is connected to the second terminal of the fifth capacitor C5, the first terminal of the third varistor RV3, and the first terminal of the eighth capacitor C8; the second terminal of the third varistor RV3 is connected to the second terminal of the eighth capacitor C8, the first terminal of the fourth varistor RV4, the first terminal of the twelfth capacitor C12, the primary winding of the first transformer BK1, and the primary winding of the second transformer BK2; the second terminal of the fourth varistor RV4 is connected to the second terminal of the twelfth capacitor C12, the primary winding of the second transformer BK2, and the high-voltage ground terminal; the secondary winding of the first transformer BK1 is connected to the first terminal of the twenty-first capacitor C21 and the second terminal of the twenty-first capacitor C21.

[0035] Specifically, the first varistor RV1 and the fourth varistor RV4 are input high-voltage transient suppression resistors to prevent instantaneous high voltage from burning out the downstream circuitry of the power supply; the second varistor RV2 and the third varistor RV3 are surge current limiting resistors to limit surge current and suppress high-frequency noise; the first capacitor C1, the first transformer BK1, and the twenty-first capacitor C21 form a π-type electromagnetic interference filter network to suppress high-frequency noise interference from entering the power conversion and isolation circuit, reducing the energy loss of the power conversion and isolation circuit; the first capacitor C1, the fifth capacitor C5, the eighth capacitor C8, and the twelfth capacitor C12 are high-voltage ceramic capacitors, connected in parallel at the input terminal of the primary winding of the first transformer BK1 to filter out differential-mode interference in high-frequency noise; the twenty-first capacitor C21 is connected to the secondary winding of the first transformer BK1 to filter out common-mode interference in high-frequency noise; the overvoltage protection circuit, while suppressing electromagnetic interference from the power grid, protects the downstream circuitry from transient overvoltage impacts. The first transformer BK1 and the second transformer BK2 adopt a segmented winding method, forming a semi-magnetic flux loop in the middle column of the first transformer BK1 and the second transformer BK2, which avoids magnetic saturation and reduces the heat loss of the power supply.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the rectifier circuit includes a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a fourth diode D4, a fifth diode D5, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, and a third bidirectional breakdown diode D3, wherein:

[0037] The secondary winding of the first transformer BK1 is connected to the anode of the first diode D1, the cathode of the second diode D2, the cathode of the fourth diode D4, and the anode of the fifth diode D5; the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the cathode of the second diode D2; the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the cathode of the fifth diode D5, the first terminal of the second capacitor C2, the first terminal of the third capacitor C3, the first terminal of the third bidirectional breakdown diode D3, and the output terminal VIN of the rectifier circuit; the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the anode of the fourth diode D4, the second terminal of the second capacitor C2, the second terminal of the third capacitor C3, and the second terminal of the third bidirectional breakdown diode D3, and grounded.

[0038] Specifically, diodes D1, D2, D4, D5, and D3 together form a bridge rectifier circuit. D1, D3, and D5 are forward-biased, while D2 and D4 are reverse-biased and withstand reverse high voltage. Together, they rectify the AC voltage output from transformer BK1 into a pulsating DC voltage. Capacitors C2 and C3 act as filter capacitors to further filter out noise interference from the pulsating DC output voltage.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the output filtering and voltage regulation circuit includes a switching regulator U3, an eleventh resistor R11, a fourteenth resistor R14, a fifteenth resistor R15, a sixteenth resistor R16, a first inductor L1, a fourteenth diode D14, a thirteenth capacitor C13, a fourteenth capacitor C14, a fifteenth capacitor C15, a sixteenth capacitor C16, a seventeenth capacitor C17, an eighteenth capacitor C18, and a twentieth capacitor C20, wherein:

[0040] The output terminal VIN of the rectifier circuit is connected to the input terminal of the switching regulator U3, the first terminal of the seventeenth capacitor C17, and the first terminal of the eighteenth capacitor C18; the enable terminal RON of the switching regulator U3 is connected to the first terminal of the fourteenth resistor R14; the feedback terminal FB of the switching regulator U3 is connected to the first terminal of the sixteenth resistor R16, the second terminal of the twentieth capacitor C20, and the second terminal of the fifteenth resistor R15; the bootstrap terminal BST of the switching regulator U3 is connected to the first terminal of the thirteenth capacitor C13; the second terminal of the thirteenth capacitor C13 is connected to the first terminal of the eleventh resistor R11, the first terminal of the first inductor L1, the cathode of the fourteenth diode D14, and the input terminal of the switching regulator U3. The switch terminal SW is connected; the second terminal of the eleventh resistor R11 is connected to the first terminal of the twentieth capacitor C20 and the first terminal of the fourteenth capacitor C14; the second terminal of the first inductor L1 is connected to the second terminal of the fourteenth capacitor C14, the first terminal of the fifteenth resistor R15, the first terminal of the fifteenth capacitor C15, the first terminal of the sixteenth capacitor C16, and the output terminal V28V of the output filter and voltage regulator circuit; the second terminal of the seventeenth capacitor C17 is connected to the first terminal of the eighteenth capacitor C18, the second terminal of the fourteenth resistor R14, the second terminal of the sixteenth resistor R16, the positive terminal of the fourteenth diode D14, the second terminal of the fifteenth capacitor C15, and the second terminal of the sixteenth capacitor C16 and grounded.

[0041] Specifically, capacitors C17 (seventeenth) and C18 (eighteenth) serve as input filter capacitors to filter the signal at the input of the switching regulator U3. Resistor R14 acts as a current-limiting resistor to perform impedance matching on the signal at the input of the switching regulator U3. The first inductor L1, the second NPN transistor Q2, the fifteenth resistor R15, and the sixteenth resistor R16 together constitute the main circuit of the switching DC-DC converter. The first inductor L1 acts as an energy storage inductor. The second NPN transistor Q2 stores energy in the first inductor L1 in the form of a magnetic field through periodic conduction. When the second NPN transistor Q2 is on, the first inductor L1 stores energy; when the second NPN transistor Q2 is off, the first inductor L1 releases energy to the load. The fifteenth resistor R15 and the sixteenth resistor R16 form a current sampling network to sample the voltage of the first inductor L1 in real time and feed it back to the feedback terminal FB of the switching regulator U3 to regulate the output of the switching terminal SW. The fifteenth capacitor C15 and the sixteenth capacitor C16 serve as voltage stabilizing capacitors to stabilize the voltage output of the first inductor L1 and provide a smooth and stable DC output voltage. The fourteenth diode D14 is a fast recovery diode that can provide a freewheeling circuit for the first inductor L1 when the second NPN transistor Q2 is turned off, reducing energy loss. The fourteenth capacitor C14 and the twentieth capacitor C20 serve as output filter capacitors to smooth the pulsating DC voltage output of the first inductor L1. The eleventh resistor R11 is used for voltage division and current limiting. The thirteenth capacitor C13 is used for signal filtering.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the auxiliary power supply circuit includes a first NPN transistor Q1, a first resistor R1, a fourth capacitor C4, and a sixth diode D6, wherein:

[0043] The output terminal V28V of the output filtering and voltage regulation circuit is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor R1 and the collector of the first NPN transistor Q1; the second terminal of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first terminal of the fourth capacitor C4, the cathode of the sixth diode D6, and the base of the first NPN transistor Q1; the second terminal of the fourth capacitor C4 is grounded to the anode of the sixth diode D6; and the emitter of the first NPN transistor Q1 is connected to the output terminal VCC of the auxiliary power supply circuit.

[0044] Specifically, the first NPN transistor Q1 serves as an auxiliary switch, the first resistor R1 is a voltage divider resistor, the fourth capacitor C4 is an energy storage capacitor, and the sixth diode D6 is a rectifier diode. Together, they convert the voltage V28V at the output terminal of the output filter and voltage regulator circuit into the voltage VCC at the output terminal of the auxiliary power supply circuit. The voltage VCC at the output terminal of the auxiliary power supply circuit is used to power the operational amplifier U1.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the power conversion and isolation circuit includes an operational amplifier U1, a second resistor R2, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, a twelfth resistor R12, a thirteenth resistor R13, a ninth diode D9, a tenth diode D10, an eleventh diode D11, a twelfth diode D12, a thirteenth diode D13, a fifteenth diode D15, a sixth capacitor C6, a seventh capacitor C7, a ninth capacitor C9, a tenth capacitor C10, a nineteenth capacitor C19, a first adjustable resistor RP1, a second NPN transistor Q2, and a three-terminal adjustable shunt parallel voltage regulator U2, wherein:

[0046] The secondary winding of the second transformer BK2 is connected to the first terminal of the sixth resistor R6; the second terminal of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the first terminal of the seventh resistor R7, the cathode of the twelfth diode D12, the first terminal of the fifth resistor R5, and the anode of the tenth diode D10; the second terminal of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the first terminal of the eleventh capacitor C11, the cathode of the tenth diode D10, and the first positive input terminal IN1+ of operational amplifier U1; the first negative input terminal IN1- of operational amplifier U1 is connected to the first output terminal OUT1 of operational amplifier U1 and the anode of the ninth diode D9; the cathode of the ninth diode D9 is connected to the first terminal of the sixth capacitor C6. One end is connected to the positive terminal of the fifteenth diode D15; the negative terminal of the fifteenth diode D15 is connected to the first terminal of the seventh capacitor C7 and the first terminal of the first adjustable resistor RP1; the sliding terminal of the first adjustable resistor RP1 is connected to the first terminal of the eighth resistor R8 and the second positive input terminal IN2+ of the operational amplifier U1; the second terminal of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the negative terminal of the eleventh diode D11; the positive terminal of the eleventh diode D11 is connected to the second output terminal OUT2 of the operational amplifier U1 and the positive terminal of the thirteenth diode D13; the negative terminal of the thirteenth diode D13 is connected to the first terminal of the twelfth resistor R12, the first terminal of the nineteenth capacitor C19, and the first terminal of the eleventh diode D15. The first terminal of the tenth resistor R10 is connected; the second terminal of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the first terminal of the thirteenth resistor R13 and the base of the second NPN transistor Q2; the collector of the second NPN transistor Q2 is connected to the first terminal of the ninth resistor R9; the second terminal of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the output terminal VIN of the rectifier circuit; the second negative input terminal IN2- of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor R4, the reference terminal of the three-terminal adjustable shunt parallel regulator U2, and the first terminal of the tenth capacitor C10; the second terminal of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the cathode of the three-terminal adjustable shunt parallel regulator U2 and the second terminal of the second resistor R2; the operational amplifier... The power supply terminal of U1 is connected to the first terminal of the ninth resistor R9, the output terminal VCC of the auxiliary power supply circuit, and the first terminal of the second resistor R2; the second terminal of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the positive terminal of the twelfth diode D12, the second terminal of the eleventh capacitor C11, the second terminal of the sixth capacitor C6, the second terminal of the seventh capacitor C7, the second terminal of the ninth capacitor C9, the second terminal of the first adjustable resistor RP1, the second terminal of the twelfth resistor R12, the second terminal of the nineteenth capacitor C19, the second terminal of the thirteenth resistor R13, the emitter Q2 of the second NPN transistor, the second terminal of the tenth capacitor C10, and the anode of the three-terminal adjustable shunt parallel regulator U2 is grounded.

[0047] Specifically, the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 act as current-limiting resistors, limiting the surge current after rectification on the secondary side of the second transformer BK2 and protecting the twelfth diode D12; the tenth diode D10 and the twelfth diode D12 both act as rectifier diodes, forming a secondary-side rectifier filter circuit to rectify the AC output from the secondary winding of the second transformer BK2 into DC; the fifth resistor R5 and the eleventh capacitor C11 together form the filter network of the first positive input terminal IN1+ of the operational amplifier U1, filtering the DC signal after rectification on the secondary winding of the second transformer BK2; the ninth diode D9 and the fifteenth diode D15 act as Zener diodes to clamp abnormal high voltage on the secondary side of the second transformer BK2, protecting the downstream components; the sixth capacitor C6 and the seventh capacitor C7 act as high-frequency bypass capacitors for the cathodes of the Zener diodes, used to filter out high-frequency noise; the first adjustable resistor RP1 and the eighth resistor R8 act as current-limiting resistors. The resistor protects the second positive input terminal IN2+ of operational amplifier U1; the eleventh diode D11 and the thirteenth diode D13 are clamping diodes that absorb the leakage inductance energy of the second transformer BK2 when the second NPN transistor Q2 is turned off; the ninth capacitor C9 is used to filter the voltage at the output terminal VCC of the auxiliary power supply circuit input to the power supply terminal of operational amplifier U1; the second resistor R2, the fourth resistor R4, the tenth capacitor C10, and the three-terminal adjustable shunt parallel regulator U2 together form a conversion network to control the voltage at the output terminal VCC of the auxiliary power supply circuit input to the power supply terminal of operational amplifier U1 to be transferred to the second negative input terminal IN2- of operational amplifier U1; the twelfth resistor R12, the thirteenth resistor R13, the tenth resistor R10, the ninth resistor R9, the second NPN transistor Q2, and the nineteenth capacitor C19 form an input adjustment network to adjust the voltage at the output terminal VIN of the rectifier circuit.

[0048] Because the power supply of this invention has the characteristic of not generating heat and has good high voltage resistance, and the overvoltage protection circuit can shield the influence of high voltage, the circuit board 5 of the power supply of this invention with the characteristic of not generating heat can be applied to capacitor power supplies with different voltage values ​​such as 10KV capacitor power supply, 13.8KV capacitor power supply, 27.5KV capacitor power supply, and 35KV capacitor power supply, so as to reduce the loss in the energy conversion process and reduce the heat generation of the power supply.

[0049] In addition, the circuit board 5 of the non-heating power supply provided by this utility model, besides being combined with a capacitor-based power supply, can also be applied to various high-voltage equipment power supply scenarios, such as deeply integrated pole-mounted circuit breakers, outdoor intelligent drop-out fuses, electronic voltage sensors, online partial discharge monitoring capacitive couplers, generator set online partial discharge monitoring capacitive couplers, and overhead line online integrated monitoring devices. Taking the overhead line online integrated monitoring device as an example, the stable low voltage output of the auxiliary power supply circuit through the circuit board 5 of the non-heating power supply provided by this utility model can power the low-voltage detection sensors, wireless communication modules, and other low-voltage components of the overhead line online integrated monitoring device.

[0050] This utility model provides a non-heating power supply, primarily applicable to rail transportation scenarios such as high-speed rail and subways. For example, when used in a high-speed rail onboard signal control system, this utility model directly connects to China's 27.5kV AC power supply via a high-voltage input connector 1, offering a wide voltage input range. Overvoltage protection circuits filter out IGBT switching noise from the train traction system, contact network arc noise, and wireless communication radio frequency interference, effectively protecting downstream precision circuits and resisting strong electromagnetic interference. The auxiliary power supply circuit output can power low-power chips such as MCUs and operational amplifiers, while the output filtering and voltage regulation circuit output can power relays and sensor arrays. Furthermore, the output filtering and voltage regulation circuit is compatible with signal inputs from sensors such as pressure sensors and accelerometers, eliminating the need for additional signal conversion. The main circuit of the switching DC-DC converter can regulate the load in real time, effectively handling sudden load changes caused by train acceleration and deceleration during high-speed rail operation, exhibiting high reliability. The non-heating characteristic resulting from efficient energy conversion further reduces safety risks and equipment wear.

[0051] This utility model's power supply, through a three-in-one design of "high-voltage compatible filtering - high-efficiency energy conversion - precise signal control," systematically solves the core pain points of "strong interference, wide input range, high reliability, and low energy consumption" in rail transit scenarios. Its value lies not only in the performance improvement of a single device, but also in providing underlying support for the upgrade of the onboard electronic architecture of future intelligent trains through system-wide energy efficiency optimization (reduced heat generation and maintenance) and space compactness. It is a key infrastructure component for achieving the goals of "safety, energy saving, and high efficiency" in the rail transit field.

[0052] This invention conducted relevant tests on the heating characteristics of the power supply. Loads of different power were connected to the load port 6 of the power supply, and a temperature sensor was installed on the circuit board of the power supply to detect the heating temperature of the circuit board under different load conditions. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0053] Table 1 Comparison Test Table of Heating Performance of Power Supply

[0054] This utility model 36℃ 43℃ 47℃ 50℃ IGBT auxiliary converter 46℃ 64℃ 73℃ 85℃ Nickel-cadmium battery charger 37℃ 53℃ 66℃ 78℃

[0055] As can be seen from Table 1, although the power supply of this invention exhibits a certain degree of non-heating effect when the load percentage is low, its temperature difference is not significant compared to the existing IGBT auxiliary converter and nickel-cadmium battery charger. As the load percentage gradually increases, the non-heating characteristic of the power supply of this invention becomes more prominent, and its temperature is significantly lower than that of the existing IGBT auxiliary converter and nickel-cadmium battery charger.

[0056] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model. However, the present utility model is not limited to the described embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present utility model. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A power supply with non-heating characteristics, characterized in that, It includes voltage divider capacitors, overvoltage protection circuit, first transformer, second transformer, rectifier circuit, power conversion and isolation circuit, auxiliary power supply circuit, and output filtering and voltage regulation circuit, wherein: A high-voltage input terminal is provided above the voltage-dividing capacitor; a built-in voltage equalizing ring is connected to the bottom of the high-voltage terminal; the built-in voltage equalizing ring is connected to the voltage-dividing capacitor; the voltage-dividing capacitor is connected to the overvoltage protection circuit; the overvoltage protection circuit is connected to the primary winding of the first transformer and the primary winding of the second transformer; the secondary winding of the first transformer is connected to the rectifier circuit; the secondary winding of the second transformer is connected to the power conversion and isolation circuit; the rectifier circuit is connected to the power conversion and isolation circuit and the output filtering and voltage regulation circuit; the auxiliary power supply circuit is connected to the power conversion and isolation circuit and the output filtering and voltage regulation circuit. The overvoltage protection circuit forms with the first transformer. An electromagnetic interference filter network is used to suppress high-frequency noise interference from entering the power conversion and isolation circuit, thereby reducing the energy loss of the power conversion and isolation circuit. The output filtering and voltage regulation circuit and the power conversion and isolation circuit form the main circuit of the switching DC-DC converter. The main circuit of the switching DC-DC converter uses a high-frequency transistor switch to store energy in the inductor in the form of a magnetic field. The main circuit of the switching DC-DC converter uses a current sampling network for feedback regulation.

2. The power supply with non-heating characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overvoltage protection circuit includes a first varistor, a second varistor, a third varistor, a fourth varistor, a first capacitor, a fifth capacitor, an eighth capacitor, a twelfth capacitor, and a twenty-first capacitor, wherein: The voltage divider capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the first varistor, the first terminal of the first capacitor, and the primary winding of the first transformer; the second terminal of the first varistor is connected to the second terminal of the first capacitor, the first terminal of the second varistor, and the first terminal of the fifth capacitor; the second terminal of the second varistor is connected to the second terminal of the fifth capacitor, the first terminal of the third varistor, and the first terminal of the eighth capacitor; the second terminal of the third varistor is connected to the second terminal of the eighth capacitor, the first terminal of the fourth varistor, the first terminal of the twelfth capacitor, the primary winding of the first transformer, and the primary winding of the second transformer; the second terminal of the fourth varistor is connected to the second terminal of the twelfth capacitor, the primary winding of the second transformer, and the high-voltage ground terminal; the secondary winding of the first transformer is connected to the first terminal of the twenty-first capacitor and the second terminal of the twenty-first capacitor.

3. The power supply with non-heating characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectifier circuit includes a first diode, a second diode, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, and a third bidirectional breakdown diode, wherein: The secondary winding of the first transformer is connected to the anode of the first diode, the cathode of the second diode, the cathode of the fourth diode, and the anode of the fifth diode; the anode of the first diode is connected to the cathode of the second diode; the cathode of the first diode is connected to the cathode of the fifth diode, the first terminal of the second capacitor, the first terminal of the third capacitor, the first terminal of the third bidirectional breakdown diode, and the output terminal of the rectifier circuit; the anode of the second diode is grounded to the anode of the fourth diode, the second terminal of the second capacitor, the second terminal of the third capacitor, and the second terminal of the third bidirectional breakdown diode.

4. The power supply with non-heating characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output filtering and voltage regulation circuit includes a switching regulator, an eleventh resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a fifteenth resistor, a sixteenth resistor, a first inductor, a fourteenth diode, a thirteenth capacitor, a fourteenth capacitor, a fifteenth capacitor, a sixteenth capacitor, a seventeenth capacitor, an eighteenth capacitor, and a twentieth capacitor, wherein: The output terminal of the rectifier circuit is connected to the input terminal of the switching regulator, the first terminal of the seventeenth capacitor, and the first terminal of the eighteenth capacitor; the enable terminal of the switching regulator is connected to the first terminal of the fourteenth resistor; the feedback terminal of the switching regulator is connected to the first terminal of the sixteenth resistor, the second terminal of the twentieth capacitor, and the second terminal of the fifteenth resistor; the bootstrap terminal of the switching regulator is connected to the first terminal of the thirteenth capacitor; the second terminal of the thirteenth capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the eleventh resistor, the first terminal of the first inductor, the cathode of the fourteenth diode, and the switching terminal of the switching regulator; the second terminal of the eleventh resistor is connected to the first terminal of the twentieth capacitor and the first terminal of the fourteenth capacitor; the second terminal of the first inductor is connected to the second terminal of the fourteenth capacitor, the first terminal of the fifteenth resistor, the first terminal of the fifteenth capacitor, the first terminal of the sixteenth capacitor, and the output terminal of the output filter and voltage regulator circuit; the second terminal of the seventeenth capacitor is grounded to the first terminal of the eighteenth capacitor, the second terminal of the fourteenth resistor, the second terminal of the sixteenth resistor, the anode of the fourteenth diode, the second terminal of the fifteenth capacitor, and the second terminal of the sixteenth capacitor.

5. A power supply with non-heating characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary power supply circuit includes a first NPN transistor, a first resistor, a fourth capacitor, and a sixth diode, wherein: The output terminal of the output filtering and voltage regulation circuit is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor and the collector of the first NPN transistor; the second terminal of the first resistor is connected to the first terminal of the fourth capacitor, the cathode of the sixth diode, and the base of the first NPN transistor; the second terminal of the fourth capacitor is grounded to the anode of the sixth diode; and the emitter of the first NPN transistor is connected to the output terminal of the auxiliary power supply circuit.

6. A power supply with non-heating characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power conversion and isolation circuit includes an operational amplifier, a second resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a ninth diode, a tenth diode, an eleventh diode, a twelfth diode, a thirteenth diode, a fifteenth diode, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, a ninth capacitor, a tenth capacitor, a nineteenth capacitor, a first adjustable resistor, a second NPN transistor, and a three-terminal adjustable shunt parallel voltage regulator, wherein: The secondary winding of the second transformer is connected to the first terminal of the sixth resistor; the second terminal of the sixth resistor is connected to the first terminal of the seventh resistor, the cathode of the twelfth diode, the first terminal of the fifth resistor, and the anode of the tenth diode; the second terminal of the fifth resistor is connected to the first terminal of the eleventh capacitor, the cathode of the tenth diode, and the first positive input terminal of the operational amplifier; the first negative input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the first output terminal of the operational amplifier and the anode of the ninth diode; the cathode of the ninth diode is connected to the first terminal of the sixth capacitor and the anode of the fifteenth diode; the cathode of the fifteenth diode is connected to the first terminal of the seventh capacitor and the first terminal of the first adjustable resistor; the sliding terminal of the first adjustable resistor is connected to the first terminal of the eighth resistor and the second positive input terminal of the operational amplifier; the second terminal of the eighth resistor is connected to the cathode of the eleventh diode; the anode of the eleventh diode is connected to the second output terminal of the operational amplifier and the anode of the thirteenth diode; the cathode of the thirteenth diode is connected to the first terminal of the twelfth resistor, the first terminal of the nineteenth capacitor, and the first terminal of the tenth resistor. Connections are made as follows: the second terminal of the tenth resistor is connected to the first terminal of the thirteenth resistor and the base of the second NPN transistor; the collector of the second NPN transistor is connected to the first terminal of the ninth resistor; the second terminal of the ninth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the rectifier circuit; the second negative input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor; the second terminal of the fourth resistor is connected to the cathode of the three-terminal adjustable shunt parallel regulator, the second terminal of the second resistor, the reference terminal of the three-terminal adjustable shunt parallel regulator, and the first terminal of the tenth capacitor; the operational amplifier... The power supply terminal of the device is connected to the first terminal of the ninth resistor, the output terminal of the auxiliary power supply circuit, and the first terminal of the second resistor; the second terminal of the seventh resistor is connected to the anode of the twelfth diode, the second terminal of the eleventh capacitor, the second terminal of the sixth capacitor, the second terminal of the seventh capacitor, the second terminal of the ninth capacitor, the second terminal of the first adjustable resistor, the second terminal of the twelfth resistor, the second terminal of the nineteenth capacitor, the second terminal of the thirteenth resistor, the emitter of the second NPN transistor, the second terminal of the tenth capacitor, and the anode of the three-terminal adjustable shunt parallel regulator is grounded.

7. A power supply with non-heating characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first and second transformers adopt the segmented winding method, forming a half-magnetic flux loop in the middle column of the first and second transformers.

8. A power supply with non-heating characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The The electromagnetic interference filtering network includes a first capacitor, a first transformer, and a twenty-first capacitor.

9. A power supply with non-heating characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main circuit of the switching DC-DC converter includes a first inductor, a second NPN transistor, a fifteenth resistor, and a sixteenth resistor. The fifteenth and sixteenth resistors form a current sampling network. The second NPN transistor stores energy in the first inductor in the form of a magnetic field through periodic conduction.

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