A physical model for simulating the process of dumping and backfilling in a closed pit open pit

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of physical model of simulating closed pit open pit dump backfill process, solve the problem such as the difficulty of grasping the change rule of high section push and discharge operation process.The model is the proportion reduction of open pit context after closed pit, each setting one vertical sand bin and vertical water bin in model two sides, wherein vertical water bin lower part is connected with water injection hole being arranged at the slope of water bin lower part by water injection pipe, vertical water bin lower part is provided with water bin switch, water injection hole is set at the slope of vertical water bin lower part to inject water inside open pit context, the height of water injection hole at the slope and water flow parameter are proportionally reduced, vertical sand bin lower part is connected with discharge port being arranged at dump operation surface by unloading pipe, vertical sand bin lower part is provided with sand bin switch, the horizontal section of sand bin support can be freely telescopic, gravel grain size and discharge parameter are proportionally reduced, for simulating the dump process of mine truck vehicle unloading.The utility model principle is simple, and operability and practicality are strong.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of open-pit mine spoil disposal technology, specifically a physical model simulating the spoil disposal and backfilling process of a closed open-pit mine. Background Technology

[0002] After the closure of an open-pit mine, the safe, economical, and effective utilization of the closed mine directly impacts the sustainable development of mining enterprises. Currently, the common remediation solutions adopted by mines both domestically and internationally for closed open-pit mines are to use them as tailings ponds, spoil heaps, or for other purposes. When developing projects involving a cluster of ore bodies with concentrated distribution areas, using the closed open-pit mine as an internal spoil heap for the subsequently developed open-pit ore body not only allows for safe and effective remediation of the closed mine but also significantly reduces the spoil transportation distance for the subsequent development of the open-pit ore body, decreases the space occupied by spoil heaps, and lowers mining and stripping costs. Simultaneously, it facilitates the subsequent reclamation of the closed open-pit mine, ultimately achieving green development of the mine.

[0003] When backfilling excavated soil in a closed open-pit mine, the high-segment excavation method is superior to the segmented excavation method in order to further reduce the excavation distance and eliminate safety risks such as heavy vehicles going downhill, falling rocks, and slope collapse. However, when using the high-segment excavation method, the significant height difference between the excavation point and the bottom of the open pit, coupled with the fact that the excavation face extends towards the center of the pit, can cause localized cracks and settlement on the excavation face closer to the center, posing a safety threat to personnel and equipment. A better understanding of the natural angle of repose of the loose slope, the development of cracks on the excavation face, and the patterns of settlement changes can not only effectively guide the safe and efficient implementation of excavation backfilling operations in closed open-pit mines but also maximize economic benefits.

[0004] To address the challenges of understanding the changes in loose material during high-level excavation operations, this invention proposes a physical model to simulate the backfilling process in a closed open-pit mine. Utility Model Content

[0005] This invention provides a physical model simulating the backfilling process of soil dumping in a closed open-pit mine, thus solving the problem of difficulty in grasping the change law of loose material during high-level pushing and dumping operations.

[0006] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A physical model simulating the backfilling process of a closed open-pit mine is provided. The model is a scaled-down representation of the open-pit mine boundary 1 after closure. A vertical sand bin 12 and a vertical water bin 4 are installed on each side of the model. The lower part of the vertical water bin 4 is connected to a water injection hole 6 located on the lower slope of the water bin via a water injection pipe 2. A water bin switch 5 is installed at the lower part of the vertical water bin 4 to control the water injection flow. The water injection hole 6 is located on the lower slope of the vertical water bin 4 to inject water into the open-pit boundary 1. The height of the water injection hole 6 on the slope and the water level are specified. The flow parameters are scaled down proportionally to simulate the underground water inflow 7 in the mining pit. The lower part of the vertical sand bin 12 is connected to the unloading port 9 set on the soil dumping face through the unloading pipe 10. The lower part of the vertical sand bin 12 is equipped with a sand bin switch 11 to control the unloading speed. The horizontal section of the sand bin support 13 can be freely extended and retracted, so that the unloading port can dynamically extend and unload towards the center side as the soil dumping face expands towards the center of the open-air boundary 1. The particle size of the sand and gravel and the unloading parameters are scaled down proportionally to simulate the unloading and soil dumping process of the mining truck.

[0008] The natural angle of repose ∠BCD of the loose slope, the crack development of section AB of the soil removal operation face, and the settlement variation pattern were obtained by comparing the changes of the model before and after soil removal.

[0009] The model was made using 3D printing.

[0010] The changes in the model before and after soil removal were obtained by measuring the model using three-dimensional laser scanning.

[0011] Preferably, the reduction ratio of the open-air boundary is determined based on the dimensions of the open-air boundary and the size of the indoor test space;

[0012] Preferably, parameters such as water injection flow rate and unloading speed should be scaled down proportionally according to the scaling down ratio of the open-air boundary.

[0013] This invention is based on the principle of similar simulation test. It scales down the open-pit boundary, water injection parameters, and unloading parameters to create a physical model. This model simulates the changes in loose material during high-level push-and-dump operations in a closed open-pit mine under the influence of groundwater. It summarizes the change law of loose material slope, effectively guides the safe and efficient implementation of backfilling operations in closed open-pit mines, and maximizes economic benefits. The principle is simple, and the operation is highly operable and practical. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0015] In the diagram: 1. Open-pit mine boundary; 2. Water injection pipe; 3. Water tank support; 4. Vertical water tank; 5. Water tank switch; 6. Water injection hole; 7. Underground water inflow; 8. Bulk material; 9. Unloading port; 10. Unloading pipe; 11. Sand silo switch; 12. Vertical sand silo; 13. Sand silo support. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of this utility model.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention. The construction process of a physical model simulating the backfilling process of a closed open-pit mine is as follows:

[0018] Step 1: Based on the principle of similar simulation test, the boundary 1 of the open-pit mine after the pit is closed is scaled down and made into a physical model using 3D printing technology;

[0019] Step 2: Set up a vertical sand bin 12 and a vertical water bin 4 on each side of the model. The lower part of the vertical water bin 4 is connected to the water injection hole 6 located on the lower slope of the water bin via a water injection pipe 2. A water bin switch 5 is set at the lower part of the vertical water bin 4 to control the water injection flow. The water injection hole 6 is located on the lower slope of the vertical water bin 4 to inject water into the open-pit boundary. The height of the water injection hole 6 at the slope and the water flow parameters are proportionally reduced to simulate the underground water inflow 7 in the mining pit. At the same time, the lower part of the vertical sand bin 12 is connected to the unloading port 9 located on the soil dumping operation face via a unloading pipe 10. A sand bin switch 11 is set at the lower part of the vertical sand bin 12 to control the unloading speed. The horizontal section of the sand bin support 13 can be freely extended and retracted, so that the unloading port can dynamically extend and unload towards the center side as the soil dumping operation face expands towards the center of the open-pit boundary. The particle size of the sand and gravel and the unloading parameters are proportionally reduced to simulate the unloading and soil dumping process of mining trucks.

[0020] Step 3: The model is measured using three-dimensional laser scanning technology. By comparing the changes in the model before and after soil removal, the natural angle of repose ∠BCD of the loose slope, the development of cracks in section AB of the soil removal operation surface, and the settlement change pattern can be determined.

[0021] Step 4: Finally, based on the variation pattern of the loose slope, effectively guide the subsequent backfilling operation of the closed open-pit mine.

Claims

1. A physical model simulating the backfilling process of a closed open-pit mine, characterized by: The model is a scaled-down representation of the open-pit mine boundary after the pit is closed. A vertical sand bin and a vertical water bin are set on each side of the model. The lower part of the vertical water bin is connected to a water injection hole located on the lower slope of the water bin via a water injection pipe. A water bin switch is installed at the lower part of the vertical water bin to control the water injection flow. The water injection hole is located on the lower slope of the vertical water bin to inject water into the open-pit boundary. The height of the water injection hole at the slope and the water flow parameters are scaled down proportionally to simulate underground water inflow within the pit. The lower part of the vertical sand bin is connected to a discharge port located at the spoil disposal face via a discharge pipe. A sand bin switch is installed at the lower part of the vertical sand bin to control the discharge speed. The horizontal section of the sand bin support can be freely extended and retracted, allowing the discharge port to dynamically extend towards the center of the open-pit boundary as the spoil disposal face expands. The particle size of the sand and gravel and the discharge parameters are scaled down proportionally to simulate the unloading and spoil disposal process of mining trucks. The natural angle of repose of a loose slope ∠ BCD Soil dumping operation face AB The crack development and settlement variation patterns of the section were obtained by comparing the changes in the model before and after soil removal.

2. The physical model for simulating the backfilling process of a closed open-pit mine as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The model was made using 3D printing.

3. The physical model for simulating the backfilling process of a closed open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The changes in the model before and after soil removal were obtained by measuring the model using three-dimensional laser scanning.

4. The physical model for simulating the backfilling process of a closed open-pit mine as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The reduction ratio of the open-air boundary is determined based on the dimensions of the open-air boundary and the size of the indoor test space.

5. The physical model for simulating the backfilling process of a closed open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parameters for water injection flow rate and unloading speed are scaled down proportionally according to the reduction ratio of the open-air boundary.

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