Current lead structure and nuclear fusion device

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of current lead structure and nuclear fusion device, it is related to nuclear energy fusion technical field, the current lead structure includes conductor, front end cap and back end cap, the one end of conductor is opened with at least one pair of flow channel through hole along first direction, back end cap is set in one end of flow channel through hole, front end cap is set in the other end of flow channel through hole, back end cap and front end cap are close to the side of flow channel through hole respectively opened with the recess of the different flow channel through hole intercommunication, the one end of front end cap is respectively opened with the recess intercommunication liquid inlet hole and liquid outlet hole, wherein, first direction is perpendicular with the axial direction of conductor.The utility model can improve the insulation performance of current lead.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of nuclear fusion technology, specifically to a current lead structure and a nuclear fusion device. Background Technology

[0002] Magnetic confinement fusion devices typically rely on superconducting magnets to establish a strong magnetic field in the liquid nitrogen temperature range (e.g., 77 K) to confine high-temperature plasma. Therefore, it is necessary to reliably supply tens of kiloamperes of DC current from a room-temperature power source to the cryogenic magnet coil. The current leads serve as the "electro-thermal transition channel" of this magnet feeding system, connecting the room-temperature power source to the cryogenic (e.g., liquid nitrogen temperature range of 77 K) superconducting magnet coil.

[0003] However, conventional leads are typically single-conductor structures, causing cold air to continuously conduct from the low-temperature end of the conductor to the room-temperature end. This can lead to frost and condensation at the connection point between the room-temperature and room-temperature ends of the conductor, affecting the insulation performance of the lead. Therefore, improving the insulation performance of current leads has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention provides a current lead structure and a nuclear fusion device.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a current lead structure, including a conductor, a front end cover, and a rear end cover. One end of the conductor is provided with at least a pair of flow channel through holes along a first direction. The rear end cover is disposed at one end of the flow channel through holes, and the front end cover is disposed at the other end of the flow channel through holes. The rear end cover and the front end cover are respectively provided with grooves on the side near the flow channel through holes to connect different flow channel through holes. One end of the front end cover is respectively provided with an inlet hole and an outlet hole communicating with the grooves. The first direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the conductor.

[0006] In one embodiment, the structure further includes an insulating sealing assembly disposed on the conductor between the flow channel and the other end of the conductor.

[0007] In one embodiment, the sealing assembly includes a ceramic tube and a flange, the ceramic tube being sleeved on the conductor, and the flange having a flange through hole in the middle that matches the outer wall of the ceramic tube, the flange being sleeved on the ceramic tube through the flange through hole.

[0008] In one embodiment, the structure further includes a first plug-in connector assembly, one end of which is connected to the end of the conductor near the flow channel through-hole, and the other end of which is used to connect to the power supply bus at room temperature.

[0009] In one embodiment, the structure further includes a second plug-in connector assembly, one end of which is connected to the end of the conductor away from the flow channel through-hole, and the other end of which is used to connect to the superconducting bus at the low-temperature end.

[0010] In one embodiment, the structure further includes a clamping assembly, wherein the two ends of the conductor extend along the axial direction to form conductor connecting plates, one end of the first plug-in connector assembly and one end of the second plug-in connector assembly extend along the axial direction to form plug-in connecting plates, and the conductor connecting plates and the plug-in connecting plates are connected by the clamping assembly.

[0011] In one embodiment, the clamping assembly includes clamping plates and bolts, with the conductor connecting plate and the plug-in connecting plate disposed between the two clamping plates and connected by the bolts.

[0012] In one embodiment, the outer wall of the front cover and the rear cover, as well as the conductor between the front cover and the rear cover, is provided with a pressure-resistant coating.

[0013] In one embodiment, the structure further includes an insulating transition joint, which is respectively disposed in the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet.

[0014] Secondly, this invention provides a nuclear fusion device, including the current lead structure described above.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the current lead structure of this utility model are as follows: At least one pair of flow channel through holes are opened along the first direction at one end of the conductor at room temperature, and are respectively connected to the corresponding grooves opened in the front and rear covers, thereby forming a closed circulation loop. By introducing a heat exchange medium into this circulation loop, the cold energy introduced from the low-temperature end can be absorbed, so that the overall temperature of the conductor is always kept above the dew point at the room temperature end, avoiding frost and condensation on the conductor at the room temperature end. This prevents the insulation failure or short circuit of the current lead structure caused by frost and condensation, improves the insulation performance of the current lead, extends its service life, and ensures the reliable operation of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the current lead structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circulating flow channel in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping component in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 01-Conductor; 02-Front end cap; 03-Rear end cap; 04-Flow channel through hole; 05-Inlet hole; 06-Outlet hole; 07-Groove; 08-Ceramic tube; 09-Flange; 10-Insulating transition joint; 11-First plug-in joint assembly; 12-Second plug-in joint assembly; 13-Conductor connecting plate; 14-Plug-in connecting plate; 15-Clamping assembly; 151-Clamping plate; 152-Bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although some embodiments of this utility model are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this utility model can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of this utility model. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of this utility model are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0019] The term "comprising" and its variations as used herein are open-ended, meaning "including but not limited to"; the term "based on" means "at least partially based on"; the term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; and the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments". Definitions of other terms will be given in the following description. It should be noted that the concepts of "first," "second," etc., mentioned in this utility model are only used to distinguish different devices, modules, or units, and are not intended to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules, or units or their interdependencies.

[0020] It should be noted that the terms "one" and "multiple" used in this utility model are illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more".

[0021] In related technologies, current leads in the tens of kiloampere range (e.g., 40kA) typically employ a single copper conductor structure. This structure creates a continuous, highly thermally conductive path between the room-temperature end and the liquid nitrogen temperature region. This results in a continuous reverse conduction of cold energy towards the room-temperature end, causing a sudden drop in temperature at the conductor's room-temperature connection point, frost formation, and condensation. The creepage distance on the insulation surface is shortened, affecting the insulation performance of the current lead and potentially leading to insulation degradation, thereby triggering high-voltage breakdown or short circuits. For example, magnetic confinement fusion devices (such as tokamak devices) typically rely on superconducting magnets to generate strong magnetic fields in the liquid nitrogen / liquid helium temperature region to confine high-temperature plasma. The current lead serves as an "electro-thermal transition channel" between the room-temperature power source and the cryogenic magnet. The insulation reliability of the lead not only determines whether the magnet can maintain its superconducting state but also whether the entire fusion device can operate continuously, safely, and economically.

[0022] To address the problems existing in the aforementioned related technologies, this utility model provides a current lead structure and a nuclear fusion device.

[0023] Combination Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a current lead structure, including a conductor 01, a front end cover 02, and a rear end cover 03. One end of the conductor 01 is provided with at least a pair of flow channel holes 04 along a first direction. The rear end cover 03 is disposed at one end of the flow channel holes 04, and the front end cover 02 is disposed at the other end of the flow channel holes 04. The rear end cover 03 and the front end cover 02 are respectively provided with grooves 07 on the side near the flow channel holes 04 to connect different flow channel holes 04. One end of the front end cover 02 is respectively provided with an inlet hole 05 and an outlet hole 06 communicating with the grooves 07. The first direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the conductor 01.

[0024] Specifically, conductor 01, as the core component for the electro-thermal transition between the room temperature and low temperature ends, has at least one pair of flow channel through-holes 04 at its room temperature end along a first direction perpendicular to its axial direction. The pair of flow channel through-holes 04 represents the minimum number of flow-regulating through-holes required to facilitate the circulation of the heat exchange medium. The phrase "at least one pair" means that multiple sets of flow channel through-holes 04 can be set according to heat exchange requirements to enhance the heat exchange effect. The design of the through-holes starting along the first direction and perpendicular to the axial direction of conductor 01 provides a circulating heat-conducting flow channel at one end of conductor 01. Simultaneously, a front end cap 02 and a rear end cap 03 are respectively positioned at both ends of the flow channel through-holes 04, serving a sealing and flow-guiding function. Both the rear end cap 03 and the front end cap 02 have grooves 07 on the side near the flow channel through-holes 04, connecting the flow channel through-holes 04 and allowing the originally independent flow channel through-holes 04 to form a continuous channel. Furthermore, an inlet hole 05 and an outlet hole 06, communicating with the grooves 07, are respectively provided at one end of the front end cap 02. After the heat exchange medium enters through the inlet hole 05, it flows through the groove 07 of the front cover 02 into the corresponding flow channel hole 04 on the conductor 01. During its flow within the flow channel hole 04, it absorbs the low-temperature heat load conducted from the conductor 01 to the flow channel hole 04 due to the low-temperature end. Subsequently, it flows back through the groove 07 of the rear cover 03 to another flow channel hole 04, and then flows out from the end of the flow channel hole located on the front cover 02 to the corresponding outlet hole 06, thus forming a complete heat dissipation cycle. By introducing the heat exchange medium into the conductor 01, the flowing heat exchange medium efficiently removes the low-temperature heat transferred from the low-temperature end. The circulation of the heat exchange medium in the flow channel hole 04 balances the cooling capacity, ensuring that the room temperature end temperature remains above the dew point (>15℃), thereby eliminating the risk of frost formation, avoiding the impact of frost condensation on the lead wire insulation performance, and ensuring the stable operation of the entire lead wire structure.

[0025] For example, in the magnet feeder of the tokamak nuclear fusion coil, the conductor 01 can be a copper conductor core, serving as the core component for current transmission. One end of the conductor 01 is located at the room temperature end, and the other end is located at the low temperature end. The 77K cold energy (low temperature end heat) at the low temperature end is conducted to the room temperature end through the copper conductor. In order to absorb the cold energy transmitted from the low temperature end, multiple flow channel holes 04 are provided at the end of the conductor 01 located at the room temperature end along a first direction perpendicular to its own axis to form a channel for the flow of heat exchange medium (such as hot water or other media). The rear end cover 03 and the front end cover 02 can be made of stainless steel and are respectively set at both ends of the flow channel holes 04. Both of them have grooves 07 that connect the flow channel holes 04 on the side near the flow channel holes 04. The two stainless steel end covers and the copper conductor core can be integrated by vacuum brazing to form a sealed flow channel space. One end of the front end cover 02 is also provided with an inlet hole 05 and an outlet hole 06 that communicate with the groove 07. For example, during heat exchange, 330K hot water can enter through the inlet hole 05, flow through the groove 07 of the front cover 02 into the corresponding flow channel through hole 04, absorb the cold energy conducted by the low-temperature end, and then the temperature becomes 320K. It then flows back through the groove 07 of the rear cover 03 and finally exits from the outlet hole 06 at a temperature of 320K, ensuring that the temperature of the room temperature end conductor 01 is always higher than the dew point (>15℃), completely eliminating the risk of frost formation. It should be noted that, depending on the heat exchange requirements, multiple flow channel through holes 04 can be set, and corresponding grooves 07 can be opened in the front cover 02 and the rear cover 03, thereby forming a circulation loop at the room temperature end of the conductor 01. At the same time, parallel circulation loops can be opened in the conductor 01 through paired flow channel through holes 04. For example, 2n flow channel through holes 04 (where n is a positive integer) can be opened in parallel on the conductor 01. In the front cover 02, one end of n flow channel through holes 04 is connected to the groove 07 corresponding to the liquid inlet hole 05, and the other n flow channel through holes 04 are connected to the groove 07 corresponding to the liquid outlet hole 06. In the rear cover, a groove 07 can be opened to connect all 2n flow channel through holes 04. In this way, heat exchange can be carried out through n parallel circulation channels, which can effectively increase the flow rate cut off in the conductor 01 and improve the heat exchange efficiency.

[0026] In this embodiment, at least one pair of flow channel holes 04 are formed along the first direction at one end of conductor 01 at room temperature, and are respectively connected to the corresponding grooves 07 in the front cover 02 and the rear cover 03, thereby forming a closed circulation loop. By introducing a heat exchange medium into this circulation loop, the cold energy introduced from the low-temperature end can be absorbed, so that the overall temperature of conductor 01 is always kept above the dew point at room temperature, avoiding frost and condensation on conductor 01 at room temperature. This prevents insulation failure or short circuit of the current lead structure due to frost and condensation, improves the insulation performance of the current lead, extends its life, and ensures reliable operation of the equipment.

[0027] In one embodiment, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the structure also includes an insulating sealing assembly, which is sleeved on the conductor 01 between the flow channel through hole 04 and the other end of the conductor 01.

[0028] In this embodiment, the insulating sealing component is sleeved on the conductor 01 between the flow channel through-hole 04 and the other end of the conductor 01, thereby ensuring the insulation performance and vacuum seal of the lead wire. The insulating sealing component can be a high-voltage insulating ceramic tube, a polyimide composite material tube, or a glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material, etc. Its sleeve position is located at the transition section between the flow channel through-hole 04 (room temperature end thermal management area) and the conductor 01 connecting to the low temperature end, which precisely separates the normal temperature and pressure environment from the low temperature environment inside the vacuum chamber. For example, from an insulation perspective, the high-voltage insulating ceramic tube in the insulating sealing assembly has excellent high-voltage resistance characteristics, capable of withstanding a potential difference of 10kV between adjacent conductors, effectively preventing current leakage between conductor 01 and the external structure. It can be combined with a polyimide coating (withstanding voltage ≥5kV / mm) sprayed at room temperature to form multiple insulation protections, avoiding safety risks caused by insulation breakdown. From a sealing perspective, the ceramic tube 08 and conductor 01 are integrated through a vacuum brazing process to prevent external air and moisture from entering the vacuum chamber and affecting the low-temperature environment. At the same time, it avoids excessive leakage of cold air from the vacuum chamber, ensuring the low-temperature stability of the superconducting magnet system and reducing the risk of moisture damage to insulating components caused by external moisture intrusion.

[0029] In one embodiment, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the sealing assembly includes a ceramic tube 08 and a flange 09. The ceramic tube 08 is sleeved on the conductor 01. The flange 09 has a flange through hole in the middle that matches the outer wall of the ceramic tube 08. The flange 09 is sleeved on the ceramic tube 08 through the flange through hole.

[0030] In this embodiment, the sealing assembly may include a ceramic tube 08 and a flange 09. The ceramic tube 08 is made of high-voltage insulating ceramic material and is sleeved on the outside of the copper conductor core, serving as both an insulating barrier between the conductor 01 and the external environment and providing a mounting base for the flange 09. The flange 09 has a flange through-hole in its center that matches the outer wall of the ceramic tube 08. It is tightly fitted onto the ceramic tube 08 through this through-hole, and the two are firmly connected by vacuum brazing, forming an integrated structure that combines insulation and sealing functions. The flange 09, as a key component at the room temperature end (such as a CF50 sealing flange), plays a crucial role in achieving a sealed connection between the lead wire and the vacuum chamber (a closed cavity containing the superconducting magnet coil). On one hand, through brazing and sealing with the ceramic tube 08, it prevents the infiltration of air and moisture from the room temperature end into the vacuum chamber (where the low-temperature end of the conductor 01 is located), ensuring a high-vacuum environment (e.g., a vacuum leakage rate of less than 9.9E to 14 Pa·m).3 / s); On the other hand, the connection surface between flange 09 and the vacuum chamber can be further enhanced with a sealant to prevent abnormal loss of cold energy (77K) at the low temperature end due to leakage. At the same time, the insulation characteristics of ceramic tube 08 combined with the structural support of flange 09 form a dual guarantee of "insulation + sealing" at the room temperature end: ceramic tube 08 can withstand the potential difference of adjacent conductors (e.g., 10kV) to avoid current leakage; flange 09, through mechanical fixing and sealing design, ensures that the entire component works stably in environments ranging from normal temperature and pressure to vacuum and low temperature, providing key structural and performance support for the safe transmission of thousands of ampere-level currents (e.g., 40kA).

[0031] In one embodiment, combined with Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the structure also includes a first plug-in connector assembly 11, one end of which is connected to the end of the conductor 01 near the flow channel through hole 04, and the other end of which is used to connect to the power supply bus at room temperature.

[0032] In this embodiment, one end of the first plug-in connector assembly 11 is connected to the end of the conductor 01 near the flow channel through-hole 04, and the other end is used to connect to the power supply bus at the room temperature end (the power supply bus at the ambient temperature), forming a current transmission path from the power source to the conductor 01. This assembly can be made of copper-based material. Furthermore, the structural design of the first plug-in connector assembly 11 incorporates a thermal resistance optimization scheme: by extending the cold energy conduction path, the cold energy conducted from the low-temperature end to the room temperature end is significantly attenuated at this point (suppressing cold energy conduction efficiency >30%). Combined with the circulating heat exchange structure of the flow channel through-hole 04, this further maintains the room temperature end temperature above the dew point (>15℃), preventing frost from affecting the connector insulation performance. Through the dual characteristics of "low-resistance conductivity + high-resistance cold conduction," both the stability of current transmission and the thermal management effect at the room temperature end are ensured.

[0033] In one embodiment, combined with Figures 2 to 3 As shown, the structure also includes a second plug-in connector assembly 12, one end of which is connected to the end of the conductor 01 away from the flow channel through hole 04, and the other end of which is used to connect to the superconducting bus at the low temperature end.

[0034] In this embodiment, one end of the second plug-in connector assembly 12 is connected to the end of the conductor 01 away from the flow channel through-hole 04 (i.e., the low-temperature end portion of the conductor 01 extending into the vacuum chamber), and the other end is used to connect to the superconducting busbar at the low-temperature end (i.e., the superconducting busbar of the vacuum chamber), forming a current transmission path from the conductor 01 to the superconducting magnet coil. This assembly can also be made of copper-based material. Furthermore, similar to the first plug-in connector assembly 11, the structural design of the second plug-in connector assembly 12 also incorporates a thermal resistance optimization scheme, forming a stepped thermal resistance design with the first plug-in connector assembly 11. Combined with the heat exchange circulation structure of the flow channel through-hole 04, this can jointly maintain a stable room temperature end. This design ensures smooth current transmission from the conductor 01 to the superconducting busbar while reducing unnecessary loss of cold energy at the low-temperature end, lowering the cooling power consumption of the superconducting magnet system. It is a core functional component connecting the conductor 01 and the superconducting busbar, ensuring the safety and economy of cross-temperature current transmission.

[0035] In one embodiment, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the structure also includes a clamping assembly 15. The two ends of the conductor 01 extend along the axial direction to form conductor connecting plates 13, and one end of the first plug-in connector assembly 11 and one end of the second plug-in connector assembly 12 extend along the axial direction to form plug-in connecting plates 14. The conductor connecting plates 13 and the plug-in connecting plates 14 are connected by the clamping assembly 15.

[0036] In one embodiment, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the clamping assembly 15 includes clamping plates 151 and bolts 152. The conductor connecting plate 13 and the plug-in connecting plate 14 are disposed between the two clamping plates 151 and connected by the bolts 152.

[0037] In this embodiment, the clamping assembly 15 serves as a connection structure connecting the conductor 01 and the plug-in connector assembly. A stable connection is achieved through the cooperation of the clamping plate 151 and the bolt 152. The two ends of the conductor 01 extend axially to form conductor connecting plates 13 (there is at least one conductor connecting plate 13 at any end of the conductor 01, and multiple parallel connecting plates can be formed according to actual needs). One end of the first plug-in connector assembly 11 and the second plug-in connector assembly 12 also extends axially to form plug-in connecting plates 14 (similarly, the plug-in connecting plates 14 can be set according to the number of conductor connecting plates 13). During connection, the conductor connecting plate 13 and the corresponding plug-in connecting plate 14 are stacked and placed between the two clamping plates 151, and then fastened by the bolt 152 to form a rigid connection between the components. This design, through the clamping action of the clamping plate 151 on the connecting plate, can evenly distribute the preload applied by the bolt 152, preventing the conductor 01 or the plug-in connector from undergoing mechanical deformation due to excessive local stress. At the same time, it ensures the pressure on the contact surface (conductor connecting plate 13 and plug-in connecting plate 14) (e.g., pressure > 35MPa), thereby controlling the contact resistance at a low level (e.g., < 9.2nΩ) and reducing Joule heat loss during current (e.g., 40kA level) transmission. In addition, the combined structure of the clamping plate 151 and the bolt 152 can also enhance the integrity of the connection. For example, the copper-based material of the conductor 01 and the plug-in connector and the 316L stainless steel force-equalizing pad ensure efficient current conduction while adapting to the thermal expansion and contraction effects under high and low temperature environments, preventing loose connections from affecting transmission stability, and providing dual protection for the mechanical strength and electrical performance of the entire lead system.

[0038] In one embodiment, combined with Figure 1 As shown, the outer wall of the conductor 01 between the front cover 02 and the rear cover 03, as well as the conductor 01 between the front cover 02 and the rear cover 03, is provided with a pressure-resistant coating.

[0039] In this embodiment, a pressure-resistant coating is applied to the front cover 02, the rear cover 03, and the outer wall of the conductor 01 between them, thereby increasing the overall strength of the circulating flow channel structure. This coating can be made of high-performance insulating materials such as polyimide (with a pressure resistance ≥ 5kV / mm), and is formed into a uniform thin film (e.g., approximately 50µm thick) through a precision spraying process. It adheres tightly to the surface of the stainless steel end cover and the outer wall of the copper conductor core, ensuring no missed areas or pinholes in the covered area, forming a complete insulation barrier. The pressure-resistant coating covers the front cover 02, the rear cover 03, and the outer wall of the conductor 01 between them, precisely including the core area at room temperature where the flow channel through-hole 04 is located under insulation protection. This area is the concentrated location for heat exchange medium entry and exit, flow channel sealing, and current transmission, and is also a high-risk area for insulation. The liquid inlet 05 and liquid outlet 06 of the front cover 02 are connected to external pipelines, and are easily affected by residual moisture. Furthermore, although the brazed connection between the conductor 01 and the end cover is sealed, additional insulation protection is still required to cope with high-voltage conditions. The pressure-resistant coating, by fully covering these areas, effectively blocks the leakage path of current to the external structure. Together with components such as high-voltage insulating ceramic tubes, it meets the insulation requirement of a 10kV potential difference between adjacent conductors. Furthermore, the coating possesses excellent resistance to high and low temperatures and chemical stability, adapting to temperature fluctuations (320K to 330K) caused by hot water heat exchange in the flow channel area, as well as environmental differences between the vacuum chamber and room temperature. Long-term use is unlikely to result in cracking or peeling, ensuring the durability of insulation performance. This design creates a synergy between the mechanical structure and insulation protection, providing reliable protection for the safe transmission of current (e.g., 40kA) under complex operating conditions.

[0040] In one embodiment, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the structure also includes an insulating transition joint 10, which is respectively disposed in the liquid inlet hole 05 and the liquid outlet hole 06.

[0041] In this embodiment, the insulating transition joint 10 is respectively disposed at one end of the liquid inlet 05 and the liquid outlet 06 of the front end cover 02. It is a key insulating component connecting the heat exchange medium pipeline and the flow channel system. Its design complements the pressure-resistant coating of the front end cover 02, the rear end cover 03, and the outer wall of the conductor 01, further strengthening the insulation protection system at room temperature. The insulating transition joint 10 can be made of polyimide composite material or glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin (G10) that matches the characteristics of the pressure-resistant coating. These materials not only have a pressure resistance of ≥5kV / mm, but can also withstand a temperature of 320K to 330K in the flow channel. At the same time, they have good compatibility with the metal pipeline and the front end cover 02, avoiding sealing failure caused by the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient of the materials. The inlet hole 05 and outlet hole 06 serve as the inlet and outlet channels for the heat exchange medium (such as 330K hot water) and need to be connected to external metal pipes. If the metal pipes directly contact the front cover 02, it may create a potential path for current leakage. Although the front cover 02 has a pressure-resistant coating for protection, there are still weak points in the insulation at the connection between the pipes and the orifices. The insulating transition joint 10, nested between the orifice and the pipes, isolates the metal pipes from the metal parts of the front cover 02, blocking the path for current leakage through the coolant pipes. Combined with the pressure-resistant coating covering the surface of the front cover 02, it forms a double protection of orifice insulation and surface insulation, ensuring that breakdown does not occur under a 10kV potential difference.

[0042] This utility model provides a nuclear fusion device, which includes the current lead structure described above.

[0043] The beneficial effects of the nuclear fusion device in this embodiment compared to the prior art are the same as those of the current lead structure described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0044] Although the present invention has been disclosed above, its protection scope is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A current lead structure, characterized in that, The device includes a conductor (01), a front end cap (02), and a rear end cap (03). One end of the conductor (01) has at least one pair of flow channel holes (04) along a first direction. The rear end cap (03) is disposed at one end of the flow channel holes (04), and the front end cap (02) is disposed at the other end of the flow channel holes (04). The rear end cap (03) and the front end cap (02) have grooves (07) on the side near the flow channel holes (04) respectively, which connect different flow channel holes (04). One end of the front end cap (02) has an inlet hole (05) and an outlet hole (06) that communicate with the grooves (07). The first direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the conductor (01).

2. The current lead structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an insulating sealing assembly that is fitted onto the conductor (01) between the flow channel (04) and the other end of the conductor (01).

3. The current lead structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sealing assembly includes a ceramic tube (08) and a flange (09). The ceramic tube (08) is sleeved on the conductor (01). The flange (09) has a flange through hole in the middle that matches the outer wall of the ceramic tube (08). The flange (09) is sleeved on the ceramic tube (08) through the flange through hole.

4. The current lead structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first plug-in connector assembly (11), one end of which is connected to the end of the conductor (01) near the flow channel through hole (04), and the other end of which is used to connect to the power supply bus at room temperature.

5. The current lead structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a second plug-in connector assembly (12), one end of which is connected to the end of the conductor (01) away from the flow channel through hole (04), and the other end of which is used to connect to the superconducting bus at the low temperature end.

6. The current lead structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a clamping assembly (15), the two ends of the conductor (01) extend along the axial direction to form conductor connecting plates (13), one end of the first plug-in connector assembly (11) and one end of the second plug-in connector assembly (12) extend along the axial direction to form plug-in connecting plates (14), and the conductor connecting plate (13) and the plug-in connecting plate (14) are connected by the clamping assembly (15).

7. The current lead structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The clamping assembly (15) includes clamping plates (151) and bolts (152). The conductor connecting plate (13) and the plug-in connecting plate (14) are disposed between the two clamping plates (151) and connected by the bolts (152).

8. The current lead structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the conductor (01) between the front end cover (02) and the rear end cover (03), and between the front end cover (02) and the rear end cover (03) is provided with a pressure-resistant coating.

9. The current lead structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an insulating transition joint (10), which is respectively disposed in the liquid inlet (05) and the liquid outlet (06).

10. A nuclear fusion device, characterized in that, Includes the current lead structure as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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